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Alderton DL, Ackley C, Trueba ML. The psychosocial impacts of skin-neglected tropical diseases (SNTDs) as perceived by the affected persons: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012391. [PMID: 39093848 PMCID: PMC11324132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) disproportionately affect marginalised groups within impoverished communities, conferring devastating physical, financial and psychosocial effects. Skin-NTDs (SNTDs) are uniquely stigmatising due to their visible nature, rendering affected individuals vulnerable to psychosocial risk and the associated decline in social participation, quality of life and mental health. In response to knowledge gaps identified by current global efforts for integrated control of SNTDs this review gathers existing evidence on the psychosocial effects of SNTDs, with consideration given to the influence of gender. METHODS The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022336676). Data was collected from Embase, Global Health, Medline and Web of Science, with additional articles identified through Google Scholar and bibliography tracking. Qualitative studies published in English between 2005 and 2024 reporting men's and women's experiences with SNTDs were searched. Appropriate data from each included study were inputted into NVivo software to facilitate thematic synthesis. Descriptive and analytic themes were generated through line-by-line coding using an inductive approach. RESULTS 27 articles of high and moderate quality were included. They pertained to buruli ulcer, cutaneous leishmaniasis, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, tungiasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis and podoconiosis. Men and women across SNTDs and contexts reported debilitating physical symptoms which impaired their ability to work, socialise and carry out usual daily activities. Some felt (at least initially) well supported by partners and relatives, whereas most experienced avoidance, abandonment and even violence, with women incurring worse SNTD-related social consequences. Many men and most women experienced stigma, with discriminatory behaviours largely attributed to fear of infection, decreased ability to perform gender-specific daily activities, and the perceived association between SNTDs and sinfulness. Self-reported impacts of SNTDs on men's and women's mental wellbeing included low mood, anxiety, low self-esteem, and suicidal ideation. Disease-specific knowledge, early treatment, social support, and disease acceptance were mentioned as protective factors. CONCLUSION SNTDs cause significant psychosocial harms, particularly for women. Implementing myth-busting and contact-based educational campaigns and improving access to treatment and to livelihood opportunities and social protection schemes for men and women with a SNTD will help prevent and mitigate these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasha L. Alderton
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS), University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Ackley
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS), University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Mei L. Trueba
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS), University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Igihozo G, Dusabe L, Uwizeyimana J, Nyiransabimana E, Huston T, Schurer JM. "We all think boots are meant for men": A community-based participatory assessment of rural women's barriers to preventing podoconiosis in Rwanda. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002773. [PMID: 38701034 PMCID: PMC11068164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Podoconiosis is a debilitating neglected tropical disease (NTD) that is possibly caused by prolonged exposure to irritant alkaline clay soil. It is endemic to East Africa and disproportionately affects rural female farmers. The condition can be prevented through foot hygiene and regular wearing of protective shoes. In Rwanda, there is limited information on the factors impacting rural female farmers' access to and utilization of boots while farming. Therefore, this community-based participatory study was conducted to explore the cultural, economic, and ergonomic factors affecting rural farmers' use of protective footwear. Sixteen audio-recorded focus group discussions were conducted with female and male farmers in four villages with the highest podoconiosis prevalence across four provinces of Rwanda. Transcripts were coded inductively using Dedoose (version 9.0.86) and analyzed through thematic content analysis. Participants expressed that wearing shoes protects against diseases and injuries but ability to afford a pair of protective footwear was a major barrier to accessing and wearing them. There were differences in women and men's shoe-wearing behaviors while farming, largely driven by the fact that women who wear boots face rumors and backlash. Findings highlight barriers hindering effective podoconiosis prevention among rural female farmers in Rwanda. Opportunities exist to strengthen podoconiosis and NTD prevention programs, through the integration of gender into existing community-based interventions and the inclusion of local communities into the co-designing of contextualized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Igihozo
- Bill and Joyce Cummings’ Institute of Global Health, University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
- Center for One Health, University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
| | - Leila Dusabe
- Center for One Health, University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
| | | | | | | | - Janna M. Schurer
- Center for One Health, University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States of America
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Tuwor RD, Mtuy TB, Amoako YA, Owusu L, Oppong MN, Agbanyo A, Agbavor B, Marks M, Walker SL, Yeboah-Manu D, Pullan RL, Dapaah JM, Phillips RO, Palmer J. Stigma experiences, effects and coping among individuals affected by Buruli ulcer and yaws in Ghana. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012093. [PMID: 38683858 PMCID: PMC11081504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma related to skin neglected tropical diseases like Buruli ulcer (BU) and yaws has remained underexplored and existing studies are limited to individual diseases despite the WHO call for integration in disease management. Within two districts in central Ghana, we explored stigma associated with BU and yaws to understand overlaps and disease-specific nuances to help guide integrated interventions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In-depth interviews were conducted with 31 current or formerly affected individuals to assess the experiences, effects and coping strategies adopted to manage disease related stigma. Data were analysed along broad themes based on the sociological construct of macro and micro interaction and Goffman's treatise on stigma. Disapproving community labels fueled by misconceptions were noted among BU participants which contributed to macro stigma experiences, including exclusion, discrimination and avoidance. In contrast, a high level of social acceptance was reported among yaws participants although some micro-level stigma (anticipated, felt and self-stigma) were noted by individuals with both diseases. While younger participants experienced name-calling and use of derogatory words to address affected body parts, older participants and caregivers discussed the pain of public staring. Stigma experiences had negative consequences on psychosocial well-being, schooling, and social relations, particularly for BU affected people. Problem-focused strategies including confrontation, selective disclosure and concealment as well as emotion-focused strategies (religious coping and self-isolation) were noted. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE The types and levels of stigma varied for BU and yaws. Stigma experiences also differed for adults and children in this setting and these differences should be accounted for in integrated interventions for these skin NTDs. School health programs need to prioritize educating school teachers about skin NTDs and the negative impact of stigma on the wellbeing of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dede Tuwor
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Tara B. Mtuy
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yaw Ampem Amoako
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lucy Owusu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Michael Ntiamoah Oppong
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Abigail Agbanyo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Bernadette Agbavor
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Michael Marks
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen L. Walker
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rachel L. Pullan
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Mensah Dapaah
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Odame Phillips
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jennifer Palmer
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Ca J, Kumar P VB, Kandi V, N G, K S, Dharshini D, Batchu SVC, Bhanu P. Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e53933. [PMID: 38468991 PMCID: PMC10925483 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of diseases caused by diverse organisms, affecting millions of people in tropical and subtropical conditions. NTDs are more prevalent among people who live in poverty, without access to clean water, adequate sanitation, and quality health care. Most NTDs are chronic conditions and are potentially disablers than killers, leaving behind a trail of social consequences. Controlling NTDs has become complicated due to limited resources and are frequently ignored by global funding agencies. India experiences a significant burden of global NTDs. The paradox is that NTDs are preventable and treatable at an affordable cost. It then makes no sense as to why we co-exist with such diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) has donned the leadership role of eliminating, eradicating, and controlling global NTDs. The WHO published a roadmap delineating a plan of action, which was being reviewed periodically. This led to substantive progress in tackling the NTDs. However, many challenges still exist to controlling and preventing NTDs. India has achieved significant progress towards NTD control and elimination by implementing the WHO strategies and action plans. This was evident by an increase in research and funding in this direction. The number of new drugs, vaccines, and investigative tools available and those in the pipeline is testimony to their efforts. Focusing singly on India's NTD problem would substantially reduce the burden of poverty-related neglected diseases and could dramatically advance the global health agenda. This review highlights the problem of NTDs in the Indian and global perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashankar Ca
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, IND
| | | | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Girish N
- Microbiology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, IND
| | - Sanjana K
- Dermatology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, IND
| | - Divya Dharshini
- General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, IND
| | | | - Prakash Bhanu
- Dermatology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, IND
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Fernandes JRN, Teles AS, Fernandes TRS, Lima LDB, Balhara S, Gupta N, Teixeira S. Artificial Intelligence on Diagnostic Aid of Leprosy: A Systematic Literature Review. J Clin Med 2023; 13:180. [PMID: 38202187 PMCID: PMC10779723 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease that can cause physical injury and mental disability. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, but can be inconclusive due to the absence of initial symptoms and similarity to other dermatological diseases. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been used in dermatology, assisting clinical procedures and diagnostics. In particular, AI-supported solutions have been proposed in the literature to aid in the diagnosis of leprosy, and this Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aims to characterize the state of the art. This SLR followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework and was conducted in the following databases: ACM Digital Library, IEEE Digital Library, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Potentially relevant research articles were retrieved. The researchers applied criteria to select the studies, assess their quality, and perform the data extraction process. Moreover, 1659 studies were retrieved, of which 21 were included in the review after selection. Most of the studies used images of skin lesions, classical machine learning algorithms, and multi-class classification tasks to develop models to diagnose dermatological diseases. Most of the reviewed articles did not target leprosy as the study's primary objective but rather the classification of different skin diseases (among them, leprosy). Although AI-supported leprosy diagnosis is constantly evolving, research in this area is still in its early stage, then studies are required to make AI solutions mature enough to be transformed into clinical practice. Expanding research efforts on leprosy diagnosis, coupled with the advocacy of open science in leveraging AI for diagnostic support, can yield robust and influential outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacks Renan Neves Fernandes
- PhD Program in Biotechnology—Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil;
| | - Ariel Soares Teles
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (T.R.S.F.); (L.D.B.L.); (S.T.)
- Federal Institute of Maranhão, Araioses 65570-000, Brazil
| | - Thayaná Ribeiro Silva Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (T.R.S.F.); (L.D.B.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Lucas Daniel Batista Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (T.R.S.F.); (L.D.B.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Surjeet Balhara
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering, New Delhi 110063, India;
| | - Nishu Gupta
- Department of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway;
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (T.R.S.F.); (L.D.B.L.); (S.T.)
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Shomuyiwa DO, George NS, Sunday BA, Omotayo FO, Mwaba M, David SC, Nabiryo M, Yangaza Y. Addressing neglected tropical diseases in Africa: A gender perspective. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1726. [PMID: 38028711 PMCID: PMC10654375 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This article delves into the interplay of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within Africa, spotlighting gender disparities in NTD programs. NTDs, impacting marginalized communities, impose considerable physical, mental, and social burdens. The article underscores NTDs as equity markers for SDGs, spotlighting gender-based imbalances in disease susceptibility, treatment accessibility, and health-seeking tendencies. Gender's influence on NTD risks is elucidated, emphasizing the heightened susceptibility of women due to socioeconomic constraints, cultural dynamics, and gender norms. The article also highlights the absence of gender considerations in NTD programs, advocating for gender-integrated strategies, enhanced data collection, and collaborative partnerships to rectify these inequities. By embracing a gender-equity approach, the article underscores the necessity of gender-balanced NTD efforts for comprehensive health, sustainable development, and gender parity, demanding cohesive actions across sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nsikakabasi S. George
- School of Heath and Related ResearchThe University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- École des hautes études en santé publiqueRennesFrance
| | | | - Faith O. Omotayo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaEnuguNigeria
- Department of Public and Community Health ScienceUniversity of the PeopleCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Success C. David
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaEnuguNigeria
| | - Maxencia Nabiryo
- Integrated Community Health Initiative OrganizationKampalaUganda
- Makerere University School of Public HealthKampalaUganda
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Gbogbo S, Amu H, Dowou RK, Ayanore MA. Management of onchocerciasis among adolescents in nkwanta north district of Ghana: Qualitative study of adolescents' perception, community and health system support. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011577. [PMID: 37643153 PMCID: PMC10464985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onchocerciasis affects the quality of life to a greater extent among affected individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO)'s Onchocerciasis Control Program (OCP) has effectively reduced the prevalence of onchocerciasis by interrupting the transmission of the parasite and by mass population treatment in the regions at risk of the disease. Despite the successful reduction of the prevalence of onchocerciasis by WHO, the socioeconomic burden resulting from the disabilities caused by onchocerciasis are still immense. This study sought to explore the adolescents' perception regarding the management of onchocerciasis, community and health system support in Nkwanta North District of Ghana. METHOD This study adopted a qualitative phenomenological design and exploratory, descriptive qualitative approach. An in-depth interview guide was developed to collect data for the study. One-on-one interview was conducted. Data collected from 16 onchocerciasis adolescent patients were analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti v7.5.7. Quotes from the participants were presented verbatim to substantiate the themes realised. RESULTS Most of the 12 participants (75.0%) were aged 15-18 years old. It was noted that 6(37.50%) of participants were in Junior High School (JHS), while 4(25.0%) were in Senior High School (SHS). It was noted that community members have diverse understandings and perceptions of onchocerciasis, including beliefs that Onchocerciasis is a serious disease that can cause blindness; it is caused by the consumption of some types of food products or stressful work. Adolescents believed that onchocerciasis was caused by insect bite blood infection, poor environmental hygiene, sun or could have been inherited from parents. Ivermectin treatment was noted by adolescents to have helped relieve the symptoms of ochocerciasis they were experiencing. However, the adolescents indicated that they had experienced some side effects, including fever, headache, body itching, rushes, swollen body and blurred vision from the drug. CONCLUSION Inadequate education and communication about onchocerciasis resulted in diverse and erroneous meanings of onchocerciasis among community members. Our research recognises that community and health system supports is very important in the effective management of Onchocerciasis, contributing to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.3, which is targeted at ending the epidemic of NTDs like onchocerciasis by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitsofe Gbogbo
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Science, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Hubert Amu
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Science, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Robert Kokou Dowou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Science, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Science, Hohoe, Ghana
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Forson AO, Awuah RB, Mohammed AR, Owusu-Asenso CM, Atakora SB, Akosah-Brempong G, Abdulai A, Sraku IK, Dhikrullahi SB, Attah SK, Afrane YA. Perceptions of the roles, impact, challenges and needs of community drug distributors in the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases in difficult-to-access communities in Ghana. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:460. [PMID: 37430222 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The success of mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns to control and eliminate neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Ghana depends, to a large extent, on the essential role community drug distributors (CDDs) play. This study aimed to investigate community's perceptions of CDDs' roles, impact of CDDs' work, challenges faced by CDDs, and views on resources required to enhance CDDs' work to sustain MDA campaigns. METHODS A cross-sectional qualitative study employing the use of focus group discussions (FGDs) with community members and CDDs in selected NTD endemic communities together with individual interviews with district health officers (DHOs) was conducted. We interviewed 104 people aged 18 and over, purposively selected, through eight individual interviews, and 16 focus group discussions. RESULTS Participants in the community FGDs noted that health education and the distribution of drugs were the main roles of CDDs. Participants also perceived that the work of CDDs had prevented the onset of NTDs, treated symptoms of NTDs, and generally reduced the incidence of infections. In the interviews with CDDs and DHOs, lack of cooperation/non-compliance by community members, demands by community members, lack of working resources and low financial motivation were mentioned as the main challenges to the work of CDDs. Moreover, the provision of logistics and financial motivation for CDDs were identified as factors that will enhance their work. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating more attractive schemes will incentivise CDDs to improve output. Addressing the challenges highlighted is an important step for the work of CDDS to be effective in controlling NTDs in difficult-to-access communities in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akua Obeng Forson
- Centre for Vector-borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Ghana, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Raphael Baffour Awuah
- Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Abdul Rahim Mohammed
- Centre for Vector-borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Ghana, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christopher Mfum Owusu-Asenso
- Centre for Vector-borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Ghana, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sefa Bonsu Atakora
- Centre for Vector-borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Ghana, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gabriel Akosah-Brempong
- Centre for Vector-borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Ghana, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anisa Abdulai
- Centre for Vector-borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Ghana, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kwame Sraku
- Centre for Vector-borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Ghana, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Shittu B Dhikrullahi
- Centre for Vector-borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Ghana, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Simon K Attah
- Centre for Vector-borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Ghana, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Asare Afrane
- Centre for Vector-borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Ghana, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana.
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Pham KT, Hotez PJ, Hamilton KL. Reconstructive Surgery for the Neglected Tropical Diseases: Global Gaps and Future Directions. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e4987. [PMID: 37207244 PMCID: PMC10191474 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Several neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are highly disfiguring, particularly those in resource-poor countries that lack access to basic surgery. There has been a push to integrate surgery into treatment programs for NTDs. In this article, we provide an overview of the major disfiguring NTDs and discuss the processes and barriers that impede access to reconstructive surgical treatments or their integration into health systems. Methods A review of the literature was conducted using the online database PubMed, from 2008 to 2021 with the specific diseases listed as NTDs either on the World Health Organization or the PLoS Neglected Tropical Disease websites. Reference lists of identified articles and reviews were also searched, as were databases from the World Health Organization's Weekly Epidemiological Record. Result Success in the surgical treatment and postoperative care of disfiguring NTDs would benefit from standardization and harmonization of surgical approaches and procedures. In some settings, reconstructive surgery should be used cautiously, emphasizing appropriate use of antibiotics, partnerships with global and local surgical teams, and local capacity building. Preventative hygiene approaches remain paramount in resource-poor areas. Conclusions Surgery is a promising treatment for NTDs that result in disfigurement and disability. The expansion of local capacity building, with medical trips and surgical training of local health workers, together with the development of universal surgical protocols remain essential cornerstones for NTD reconstructive surgery. Antibiotics and drug management should comprise key first steps before turning to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kala T. Pham
- From the Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Tex
- Houston Premedical Academy, University of Houston and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
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Forson AO, Awuah RB, Mohammed AR, Owusu-Asenso CM, Atakora SB, Akosah-Brempong G, Abdulai A, Sraku IK, Dhikrullahi SB, Attah SK, Afrane YA. Perceptions of the roles, impact, challenges and needs of community drug distributors in the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases in difficult-to-access communities in Ghana. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2640312. [PMID: 36993399 PMCID: PMC10055524 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2640312/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The success of mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns to control and eliminate neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Ghana depends, to a large extent, on the essential role community drug distributors (CDDs) play. This study aimed to investigate community's perceptions of CDDs' roles, impact of CDDs' work, challenges faced by CDDs and views on resources required to enhance CDDs' work to sustain MDA campaigns. Methods : A cross-sectional qualitative study employing the use of focus group discussions (FGDs) with community members and CDDs in selected NTD endemic communities together with individual interviews with district health officers (DHOs)was conducted. We interviewed 104 people aged 18 and over, purposively selected, through eight individual interviews, and 16 focus group discussions. Results : Participants in the community FGDs noted that health education and distribution of drugs were the main roles of CDDs. Participants also perceived that the work of CDDs had prevented the onset of NTDs, treated symptoms of NTDs and generally reduced the incidence of infections. In the interviews with CDDs and DHOs, lack of cooperation/non-compliance by community members, demands by community members, lack of working resources and low financial motivation were mentioned as the main challenges to the work of CDDs. Moreover, provision of logistics and financial motivation for CDDs were identified as factors that will enhance their work. Conclusions : Incorporating more attractive schemes shall incentivise CDDs to improve output. Addressing the challenges highlighted is an important step for the work of CDDS to be effective in controlling NTDs in difficult-to-access communities in Ghana.
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Ochola EA, Karanja DMS, Elliott SJ. Local tips, global impact: community-driven measures as avenues of promoting inclusion in the control of neglected tropical diseases: a case study in Kenya. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:88. [PMID: 35932055 PMCID: PMC9356398 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-01011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect poor populations with little or no 'political voice' to influence control activities. While most NTDs have interventions that work, the biggest challenge remains in delivering targeted interventions to affected populations residing in areas experiencing weak health systems. Despite the upward development trends in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the healthcare worker to population ratio remains exceptionally low, with some areas not served at all; thus, there is a need to involve other personnel for school and community-based healthcare approaches. Nonetheless, the current community-based programs suffer from inconsistent community participation due to a lack of coordinated response, and an expanded intervention agenda that lacks context-specific solutions applicable to rural, urban, and marginalized areas. METHODS This research investigated the capacity of local communities to address the burden of NTDs. Informed by the social theory of human capability, the research collected primary qualitative data by conducting key informant interviews and focus group discussions of people infected or affected by NTDs. The interview data were collected and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis using Nvivo version 12. RESULTS Our findings reveal, first, a need for intersectoral collaboration between governments and affected populations for inclusive and sustainable NTD solutions. Second, a 'bottom-up' approach that enhances capacity building, sensitization, and behaviour change for improved uptake of NTD interventions. Third, the enforcement of Public Health Legislative Acts that mandates the reporting and treatment of NTDs such as leprosy. Fourth, the establishment of support groups and counseling services to assist persons suffering from debilitating and permanent effects of NTDs. CONCLUSIONS Our research demonstrates the importance of human agency in encouraging new forms of participation leading to the co-production of inclusive and sustainable solutions against NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ochola
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Susan J Elliott
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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Ogbureke KUE. Noma: A Neglected Area for Research. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1424-1429. [PMID: 35622443 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Noma, a debilitating and destructive orofacial gangrene, remains endemic in the poor countries of sub-Saharan Africa and other noma hotbeds across the globe, mainly in countries characterized as underdeveloped economies with significant impoverished populations. Noma mostly affects children and infants. This is in spite of the universally held notion that noma is a preventable disease. Indeed, the current noma status quo has been cast as a human rights shortfall, since this devasting disease overwhelmingly affects children from poor countries. At the recently held Noma Research Day, a renewed call for the World Health Organization (WHO) to recognize and include noma as one of the neglected tropical diseases was accompanied by a recognition that research into all aspects of noma has waned or remained completely lacking-particularly that which addresses the basic science questions of the etiology, pathophysiology/pathobiology, and underlying mechanisms of the disease. Yet, a lack of incremental knowledge on the various aspects of noma continues to hamper our composite understanding of its biology. Without a fundamental understanding of the biology of noma, current preventive measures and treatment modalities will continue to fall short of the goals of prevention and eradication. This opinion piece draws renewed attention to the urgency of listing noma as a neglected tropical disease by the WHO. It also calls for major international research funding agencies, including the WHO and the National Institutes of Health, to renew their resolve to robustly fund structured, collaborative, and coordinated proposals that address questions on the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology/pathobiology, and molecular mechanisms of the disease. This is with a view to achieving more effective public health approaches toward prevention and to designing potential therapeutic regimens for early lesions. These steps are key to the ultimate eradication of noma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K U E Ogbureke
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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The Broad Spectrum and Continuing Needs of Women's Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031446. [PMID: 35162461 PMCID: PMC8835007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Akinokun RT, Ilesanmi EB, Adebisi YA, Akingbade O. The status of neglected tropical diseases amidst COVID-19 in Africa: Current evidence and recommendations. Health Promot Perspect 2022; 11:430-433. [PMID: 35079586 PMCID: PMC8767084 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2021.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care services and programs directed towards combating the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have been disrupted because of the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The African continent because of its staggering health care system and poor economy disproportionately bears the burden of these diseases. While successes have been recorded in controlling and eliminating the NTDs, policymakers in Africa should consider the potential of the COVID-19 to dwindle these successes an issue of high priority. This commentary seeks to discuss the current status of NTDs in Africa and proffer recommendations to help combat these diseases at this period. It is worthy to say that similar dedication directed towards fighting the COVID-19 should also be deployed into eliminating other diseases like the NTDs which often, are neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiat Tolulope Akinokun
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.,Institute of Nursing Research, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Oluwadamilare Akingbade
- Institute of Nursing Research, Nigeria.,The Nethersole School of Nursing, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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