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Oliveira MDS, Carvalho RF, Meurer CM, Rodrigues ÉM, Dias BP, Santos IGCD, Nascimento CA, Rodrigues YM, Santos AJFD, Almeida KDS, de Souza UJB, Campos FS, Ribeiro J, Soares CMDA, Ribeiro Júnior JC. Prevalence, under-reporting, and epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 in the Araguaína City of Brazil. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300191. [PMID: 38838042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic and underreported individuals remain a source of coronafig disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission to others. Data on the prevalence and epidemiological factors influencing transmission are fundamental for establishing control measures, especially in vulnerable regions such as the Amazon. This study aimed to determine the point prevalence and active infection of COVID-19 among the population in Araguaína, a Brazilian city located in the Amazon region, analyzed the socioeconomic and behavioral variables of a statistically representative sample of this population using an epidemiological survey, and identify the viral genomic diversity in the region. During the sixth epidemiological week of 2021 (February 8 to 12), samples of 497 inhabitants of the municipality asymptomatic for respiratory syndromes underwent reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and serological tests (immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G). A questionnaire collated data on socioeconomic factors, prevention measures, and health status history. The active infection rate was 6.2%, and the prevalence was 13.5% of the study population. Active infection cases were under-reported; each reported positive case represented 14-28 under-reported cases. Lineages P.2, P.1, and B.1.1 were detected. Working from home was a protective factor against the infection, and clinical signs of fever, dry cough, and loss of taste or smell were associated with testing positive (p <0.05). A descriptive analysis of the indicators revealed that the entire population was susceptible to the disease. Intensified vaccination strategies are required regardless of socioeconomic factors, health conditions, and preventive measures. Implementation of objective, comprehensive, and efficient management tools to minimize the spread of COVID-19 in this municipality can serve as a model for other regions of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monike da Silva Oliveira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of North Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Merlin Meurer
- Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of North Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Ézio Machado Rodrigues
- Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of North Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pereira Dias
- Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of North Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | | | - Yron Moreira Rodrigues
- Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of North Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliane Ribeiro
- Molecular Biology and Animal Virology Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Albagmi FM, Hussain M, Kamal K, Sheikh MF, AlNujaidi HY, Bah S, Althumiri NA, BinDhim NF. Predicting Multimorbidity Using Saudi Health Indicators (Sharik) Nationwide Data: Statistical and Machine Learning Approach. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2176. [PMID: 37570417 PMCID: PMC10418949 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Saudi population is at high risk of multimorbidity. The risk of these morbidities can be reduced by identifying common modifiable behavioural risk factors. This study uses statistical and machine learning methods to predict factors for multimorbidity in the Saudi population. Data from 23,098 Saudi residents were extracted from the "Sharik" Health Indicators Surveillance System 2021. Participants were asked about their demographics and health indicators. Binary logistic models were used to determine predictors of multimorbidity. A backpropagation neural network model was further run using the predictors from the logistic regression model. Accuracy measures were checked using training, validation, and testing data. Females and smokers had the highest likelihood of experiencing multimorbidity. Age and fruit consumption also played a significant role in predicting multimorbidity. Regarding model accuracy, both logistic regression and backpropagation algorithms yielded comparable outcomes. The backpropagation method (accuracy 80.7%) was more accurate than the logistic regression model (77%). Machine learning algorithms can be used to predict multimorbidity among adults, particularly in the Middle East region. Different testing methods later validated the common predicting factors identified in this study. These factors are helpful and can be translated by policymakers to consider improvements in the public health domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mashel Albagmi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mehwish Hussain
- College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (H.Y.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Khurram Kamal
- Department of Engineering Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Fahad Sheikh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot Campus, Lahore 54770, Pakistan;
| | - Heba Yaagoub AlNujaidi
- College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (H.Y.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Sulaiman Bah
- College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (H.Y.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Nora A. Althumiri
- Sharik Association for Research and Studies, Abubaker Alsedeq, Riyadh 13326, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (N.F.B.)
| | - Nasser F. BinDhim
- Sharik Association for Research and Studies, Abubaker Alsedeq, Riyadh 13326, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (N.F.B.)
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Evenson KR, Alhusseini N, Moore CC, Hamza MM, Al-Qunaibet A, Rakic S, Alsukait RF, Herbst CH, AlAhmed R, Al-Hazzaa HM, Alqahtani SA. Scoping Review of Population-Based Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Saudi Arabia. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:471-486. [PMID: 37185448 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saudi Arabia is experiencing rapid development of the built environment and implementing policy changes to promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behavior (SB) among its population. In light of these developments, this scoping review systematically summarized population levels of PA/SB in Saudi Arabia. METHODS The authors searched 6 databases on December 13, 2021, for articles published in English or Arabic from 2018 to the search date. Studies using population-based sampling in Saudi Arabia and measuring PA/SB were included. RESULTS Of the 1272 records found, 797 were screened, and 19 studies (9 on children/adolescents age 6-19 y and 10 on adults age 15-75 y) were included. All studies were cross-sectional in design, and 18 studies collected data at only one point in time, ranging from 2009 to 2020. A total of 18 studies relied on self-reporting to assess PA/SB using a variety of questionnaires. Among children/adolescents, approximately 80% to 90% did not attain at least 60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous PA and 50% to 80% engaged in ≥2 hours per day of screen time or SB. Among adults, approximately 50% to 95% had low or insufficient PA (eg, less than meeting PA guidelines) and about half had a sitting time of ≥5 hours per day. Population-based studies were not found among children <10 years and adults >75 years. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of participants in the reviewed studies did not meet PA recommendations and spent excessive time in SB. Ongoing surveillance efforts for all ages may help identify target populations for interventions and prioritize the national strategy on PA/SB in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | - Noara Alhusseini
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher C Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | | | | | | | - Reem F Alsukait
- Department of Community Health Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Reem AlAhmed
- Biostatics, Epidemiology, and Science Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Liver Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,USA
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Evenson KR, Alothman SA, Moore CC, Hamza MM, Rakic S, Alsukait RF, Herbst CH, Baattaiah BA, AlAhmed R, Al-Hazzaa HM, Alqahtani SA. A scoping review on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in Saudi Arabia. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:572. [PMID: 36973687 PMCID: PMC10041481 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Saudi Arabia, stay-at-home orders to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic between March 15 and 23, 2020 and eased on May 28, 2020. We conducted a scoping review to systematically describe physical activity and sedentary behavior in Saudi Arabia associated with the timing of the lockdown. METHODS We searched six databases on December 13, 2021 for articles published in English or Arabic from 2018 to the search date. Studies must have reported data from Saudi Arabia for any age and measured physical activity or sedentary behavior. RESULTS Overall, 286 records were found; after excluding duplicates, 209 records were screened, and 19 studies were included in the review. Overall, 15 studies were cross-sectional, and 4 studies were prospective cohorts. Three studies included children and adolescents (age: 2-18 years), and 16 studies included adults (age: 15-99 years). Data collection periods were < = 5 months, with 17 studies collecting data in 2020 only, one study in 2020-2021, and one study in 2021. The median analytic sample size was 363 (interquartile range 262-640). Three studies of children/adolescents collected behaviors online at one time using parental reporting, with one also allowing self-reporting. All three studies found that physical activity was lower during and/or following the lockdown than before the lockdown. Two studies found screen time, television watching, and playing video games were higher during or following the lockdown than before the lockdown. Sixteen adult studies assessed physical activity, with 15 utilizing self-reporting and one using accelerometry. Physical activity, exercise, walking, and park visits were all lower during or following the lockdown than before the lockdown. Six adult studies assessed sedentary behavior using self-report. Sitting time (4 studies) and screen time (2 studies) were higher during or following the lockdown than before the lockdown. CONCLUSIONS Among children, adolescents, and adults, studies consistently indicated that in the short-term, physical activity decreased and sedentary behavior increased in conjunction with the movement restrictions. Given the widespread impact of the pandemic on other health behaviors, it would be important to continue tracking behaviors post-lockdown and identify subpopulations that may not have returned to their physical activity and sedentary behavior to pre-pandemic levels to focus on intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, NC, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Shaima A Alothman
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher C Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, NC, Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | | | - Reem F Alsukait
- World Bank Group, Washington, D.C, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Baian A Baattaiah
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem AlAhmed
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Almubark SA, Almubark RA, Althumiri NA, Alhamdan AAH, AlNujaidi HY, Alzayer R, Alkhamaali Z, BinDhim NF. Exploring the Sociodemographic and Behavioral Status of People Living with Hypercholesterolemia in Saudi Arabia: A Nation-Wide Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:889-898. [PMID: 37205001 PMCID: PMC10187649 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s401989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypercholesterolemia (HC) is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death worldwide. Many factors can contribute to HC, including advanced age, chronic diseases (such as diabetes and nephrotic syndrome), and the use of certain medications. Aim Our goal was to compare the sociodemographic, behavioral, and other comorbid conditions of adult participants living with HC in Saudi Arabia to the general population. Methods This is a secondary data analysis from the Sharik Health Indicators Surveillance System (SHISS). SHISS consists of cross-sectional phone interviews conducted in all administrative regions of Saudi Arabia on a quarterly basis. Participant recruitment was limited to Arabic-speaking Saudi residents who were ≥18 years old. Results Out of 20,492 potential participants contacted in 2021, 14,007 completed the interview. Of the total participants, 50.1% were male. The mean age of participants was 36.7 years, with 1673 (11.94%) having HC. A regression model showed that participants with HC had a higher likelihood of being older, living in Tabouk, Riyadh, or Asir regions, being overweight or obese, having diabetes, hypertension, genetic or heart diseases, or having a higher risk of depression. Gender, all types of smoking, physical activity, and education level were eliminated from the model. Discussion In this study, participants with HC were identified with some co-existing conditions that may affect the progression of the disease and the participants' quality of life. This information could assist care providers in identifying patients who are at higher risk, improve screening efficiency, and improve disease progression and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarh A Almubark
- Health Services Management Department, Faculty of Public Health, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Sarh A Almubark, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Awali Street, Makkah, 21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +966544945596, Email
| | - Rasha A Almubark
- Scientific Department, Sharik Association for Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A Althumiri
- Scientific Department, Sharik Association for Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel A H Alhamdan
- Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Y AlNujaidi
- College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alzayer
- Pharmacy Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaied Alkhamaali
- Medical Devices Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser F BinDhim
- Scientific Department, Sharik Association for Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Decision Support for Research and Studies, IDM, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Zheng Z, Xie Z, Goniewicz M, Rahman I, Li D. Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Perception of Water Pipes on Reddit: Observational Study. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:e40913. [PMID: 37124245 PMCID: PMC10126816 DOI: 10.2196/40913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Socializing is one of the main motivations for water pipe smoking. Restrictions on social gatherings during the COVID-19 pandemic might have influenced water pipe smokers' behaviors. As one of the most popular social media platforms, Reddit has been used to study public opinions and user experiences. Objective In this study, we aimed to examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on public perception and discussion of water pipe tobacco smoking using Reddit data. Methods We collected Reddit posts between December 1, 2018, and June 30, 2021, from a Reddit archive (PushShift) using keywords such as "waterpipe," "hookah," and "shisha." We examined the temporal trend in Reddit posts mentioning water pipes and different locations (such as homes and lounges or bars). The temporal trend was further tested using interrupted time series analysis. Sentiment analysis was performed to study the change in sentiment of water pipe-related posts before and during the pandemic. Topic modeling using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) was used to examine major topics discussed in water pipe-related posts before and during the pandemic. Results A total of 45,765 nonpromotion water pipe-related Reddit posts were collected and used for data analysis. We found that the weekly number of Reddit posts mentioning water pipes significantly increased at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (P<.001), and gradually decreased afterward (P<.001). In contrast, Reddit posts mentioning water pipes and lounges or bars showed an opposite trend. Compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, the average number of Reddit posts mentioning lounges or bars was lower at the beginning of the pandemic but gradually increased afterward, while the average number of Reddit posts mentioning the word "home" remained similar during the COVID-19 pandemic (P=.29). While water pipe-related posts with a positive sentiment were dominant (12,526/21,182, 59.14% before the pandemic; 14,686/24,583, 59.74% after the pandemic), there was no change in the proportion of water pipe-related posts with different sentiments before and during the pandemic (P=.19, P=.26, and P=.65 for positive, negative, and neutral posts, respectively). Most topics related to water pipes on Reddit were similar before and during the pandemic. There were more discussions about the opening and closing of hookah lounges or bars during the pandemic. Conclusions This study provides a first evaluation of the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public perceptions of and discussions about water pipes on Reddit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Zheng
- Goergen Institute for Data Science University of Rochester Rochester, NY United States
| | - Zidian Xie
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY United States
| | - Maciej Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY United States
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY United States
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY United States
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Use of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:702. [PMID: 35027590 PMCID: PMC8758672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a few studies investigated changes in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and heated tobacco product (HTP) use during pandemic restrictions. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 6,003 Italian adults during the strictest phase of the Covid-19 lockdown (April–May 2020). Participants were asked to report changes in e-cigarette and HTP use compared to before the pandemic. E-cigarette users increased from 8.1% to 9.1% and HTP users from 4.0% to 4.5%. Among e-cigarette non-users before lockdown, 1.8% started using e-cigarettes during lockdown. New users were more frequently younger (p for trend 0.001), men (odds ratio, OR 1.56; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03–2.34), cannabis users (OR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.33–4.13), gamblers (OR 3.34; 95% CI: 2.18–5.11) and individuals with anxiety symptoms (OR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.00–2.52). 1.0% of HTP non-users started using it during lockdown. New users were less frequently current than never cigarette smokers (OR 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06–0.61) and more frequently gamblers (OR 2.23; 95% CI: 1.22–4.07). E-cigarettes and HTPs played little role as smoking cessation tools for hardcore smokers but rather provided opportunities for young never smokers to engage in socially acceptable activities, perhaps reflecting the obstacles they faced in obtaining other addictive substances during confinement.
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Almubark RA, Althumairi NA, Alhamdan AA, AlNujaidi HY, Alzayer R, Almubark SA, BinDhim NF. Socioeconomic and Behavioral Disparities Among Diabetics in Saudi Arabia: A Nation-Wide Descriptive Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2693-2703. [PMID: 36081614 PMCID: PMC9447997 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s352769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to explore sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical factors in adult participants with Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study of 20492 potential participants conducted in quarters 1 and 2 in 2021 from all 13 administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. A backward maximum likelihood logistic regression model, including all variables, was used to identify variables associated with participants living with Diabetes. RESULTS A total of 14007 participants, aged ≥18 years, completed the interview, with a response rate of 68.3% and successful quota sampling. Fifty percent were male, the mean age was 36.7 (SD 13.7; range: 18-90). Of the total sample, 1633, 11.7% had Diabetes. Seven percent only of diabetic patients (124 participants) had an acceptable level of fruit and vegetable intake. In addition, only (274, 16.8%) had an acceptable level of physical activity, compared to (2389, 19.3%) in the non-diabetic group. Daily smokers were slightly higher in the diabetic group compared to the non-diabetic group (13.2% vs 11.7%). Hypertension was reported mostly by the diabetic group (45.1% vs 8%). Overweight and Obesity were more prevalent in patients with Diabetes (72.50% vs 51.62%). The results of the logistic regression have shown that several sociodemographic, behavioral and intermediate risk factors were significantly associated with Diabetes. CONCLUSION The study found that the prevalence of Diabetes in Saudi Arabia is around 12%, which is lower than the previously reported prevalence of Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, Diabetes was found to be associated with lower educational level, smoking, obesity and overweight, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. These factors are essential to be identified and screened in the community at regular interval; furthermore, controlling these factors may improve their disease management and quality of life. Additionally, knowing these factors will assist policymakers to shape an effective practical approach to combat diabetes widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Almubark
- Scientific Department, Sharik Research Institution, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Community College, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Rasha A Almubark, Scientific Department, Sharik Research Institution, 6996 Abi baker Road, Alyasmin dis, Riyadh, 13326–4549, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 533 0000 43, Email
| | - Nora A Althumairi
- Scientific Department, Sharik Research Institution, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel A Alhamdan
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Y AlNujaidi
- College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alzayer
- Pharmacy Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarh A Almubark
- Health Services Management Department, Faculty of public health, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser F BinDhim
- Scientific Department, Sharik Research Institution, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Strain T, Sharp SJ, Spiers A, Price H, Williams C, Fraser C, Brage S, Wijndaele K, Kelly P. Population level physical activity before and during the first national COVID-19 lockdown: A nationally representative repeat cross-sectional study of 5 years of Active Lives data in England. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2022; 12:100265. [PMID: 34870255 PMCID: PMC8629728 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To limit the spread of COVID-19 in March 2020, the population of England was instructed to stay home, leaving only for essential shopping, health-care, work, or exercise. The impact on population activity behaviours is not clear. We describe changes in duration and types of activity undertaken by adults ≥16 years in England between March and May 2016-19 and 2020, by socio-demographic strata. METHODS Using nationally representative data collected between November 2015 and May 2020 by the Sport England Active Lives Surveys (n=726,257) we assessed trends in amount and type of non-occupational moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Using data from n=74,430 mid-April to mid-May respondents, we then estimated the odds ratios of reporting any activity in the four-week recall period in 2020 compared to 2016-19. Gamma regressions estimated the mean ratios (MR) of duration amongst those reporting any activity in 2020 compared to 2016-19. FINDINGS Population activity declined substantially after the restrictions were introduced. Compared to 2016-19 levels, the odds of reporting any activity in 2020 were 30% lower (95% confidence interval (CI) 26-34%). The largest declines were amongst non-white ethnicities, the youngest and oldest age groups, and the unemployed; no socio-demographic subgroup had higher odds. Amongst those undertaking activity, weekly duration was similar in the two periods (MR 0.99, 95%CI (0.96-1.01%)). The odds of participating in walking for leisure and gardening were 11% (6-16%) and 15% (9-21%) higher, respectively, whereas the odds for team and racket sport and walking for travel participation were 76% (73-79%) and 66% (64-68%) lower, respectively. INTERPRETATION Restrictions introduced in Spring 2020 likely reduced physical activity levels in England. The magnitude of the declines were not uniform by demographic groups or by activity type, which future policies should consider. FUNDING TS, KW, SJS, and SB are supported by UK Medical Research Council [grant numbers MC_UU_00006/4 and MC_UU_12015/3] and SB is supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Cambridge (IS-BRC-1215-20014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Strain
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Althumiri NA, Basyouni MH, Al-Qahtani FS, Zamakhshary M, BinDhim NF. Food Taste, Dietary Consumption, and Food Preference Perception of Changes Following Bariatric Surgery in the Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103401. [PMID: 34684399 PMCID: PMC8540531 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bariatric surgery is known as the most effective treatment resulting in long-term weight loss for obesity. However, behavioral changes, including food preference, food allergies, and consumption, between groups of patients who underwent bariatric surgery in comparison with people who did not have bariatric surgery have not been fully discussed in the literature. Objective: The aim of this article is to describe patient-reported changes of perception related to food preferences, consumption, and food allergies in participants who underwent bariatric surgery and to compare their food consumption with participants who did not have bariatric surgery in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This study is a secondary analysis of the Sharik Diet and Health National Survey (SDHNS) conducted in July 2021. Quota sampling was utilized to generate balanced distributions of participants by age and gender across all administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. Data collection included sociodemographic information (age, gender, and educational level), as well as food habits and the consumption of various food categories. Results: Of the 6267 potential participants contacted in 2021 from the 13 administrative regions of Saudi Arabia, 5228 successfully completed the interview, with a response rate of 83.4%. Gender was distributed equally among the total participants in the sample. The prevalence of bariatric surgeries in Saudi Arabia was estimated at around 4.1% of the total sample. More than 36% of people who had bariatric surgery experienced food taste changes, and around 15% reported a decrease in allergic reactions to food. Moreover, 68.1% had food preference changes, either starting to favor a new food or no longer favoring one. There was a significant association between consuming more red meat, chicken, and energy drinks and a decreased consumption of grains and rice among those who had the bariatric surgery compared with those who did not. Conclusions: This study found that more than two-thirds of people who had bariatric surgery self-reported food taste and food preference changes. More studies should be performed on the Saudi population, including clinical follow-up, to better understand these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A. Althumiri
- Sharik Association for Health Research, Riyadh 13326, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.B.); (M.Z.); (N.F.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mada H. Basyouni
- Sharik Association for Health Research, Riyadh 13326, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.B.); (M.Z.); (N.F.B.)
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Saeed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 13329, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Zamakhshary
- Sharik Association for Health Research, Riyadh 13326, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.B.); (M.Z.); (N.F.B.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser F. BinDhim
- Sharik Association for Health Research, Riyadh 13326, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.B.); (M.Z.); (N.F.B.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
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Yu Z, Liu Y, Yu Y, Han H, Li Y. The Study on Public-Interest Short Message Service (SMS) in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mobile User Survey and Content Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7915. [PMID: 34360208 PMCID: PMC8345619 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has greatly threatened the global health system and triggered the public health emergency. In order to manage the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare and prevention information have been delivered through omni-media channels (e.g., television, radio, social platform, etc.). As a traditional outlet, the short message service (SMS) can timely provide abundant anti-epidemic alerts to mobile users. In this paper, we aim to investigate mobile users' attitudes toward COVID-19 public-interest SMS sent from government authorities and then explore the insight from messaging texts collected between January and April 2020 in China. In general, respondents show a positive attitude towards content and the necessity of public-interest SMS during the pandemic. However, we find that gender and age differences not only affect content evaluation, but also influence reading and forwarding behaviors. For the necessity of SMS, it shows significant difference between the 18-25-year-old and over 40-year-old group, with the middle and elder group showing serious attitudes and giving higher remarks than the youth due to the habits of media usage. However no significant difference is presented between females and males. In terms of content, the category of topics and releasing institutions are analyzed, respectively. Due to the centralized responses and coordination of prevention and control in China, the messages from COVID-19 disposal organizations (e.g., municipal steering group and provincial CDC) account for more than 70% among four cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanghongyun Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongan Yu
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Hongju Han
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yalin Li
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
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