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Taverna E, Kline N, Kumar SA, Iverson KM. Experiences of intimate partner violence and valued living among women veterans: The role of self-efficacy. J Trauma Stress 2024. [PMID: 38861277 DOI: 10.1002/jts.23059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Predominantly cross-sectional research suggests that self-efficacy may play an important role in women's psychological health after experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). However, few studies have examined these associations over time or with respect to broader aspects of psychological well-being. Valued living, which reflects behavioral engagement within personally important life domains, represents a key aspect of well-being that may be negatively impacted by experiences of IPV. Participants were 190 women veterans who completed three web-based surveys. We examined whether IPV experiences at Time 1 were associated with valued living at Time 3 (i.e., 4 years after Time 1) through self-efficacy at Time 2 (i.e., 3 years after Time 1). We separately examined overall, psychological, physical, and sexual IPV and investigated lifetime and recent (i.e., past 6 months) IPV experiences for each subtype. Separate path analysis models indicated that lifetime overall, β = -.10, 95% CI [-.19, -.02]; psychological, β = -.08, 95% CI [-.17, -.001]; physical, β = -.10, 95% CI [-.18, -.01]; and sexual, β = -.11, 95% CI [-.22, -.01], IPV experiences were indirectly associated with less valued living through less self-efficacy, whereas the indirect effect only emerged for recent physical IPV, β = -.26, 95% CI [-.50, -.02], but not for recent overall, psychological, or sexual IPV. These findings suggest that experiencing IPV is associated with less self-efficacy and valued living, which highlights the importance of providing early psychosocial interventions to enhance well-being among individuals managing the effects of experiencing IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Taverna
- Women's Health Sciences Division of the National Center for PTSD, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nora Kline
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaina A Kumar
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Behavioral Science Division of the National Center for PTSD, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine M Iverson
- Women's Health Sciences Division of the National Center for PTSD, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Schalk D, Fernandes C. How Health Professionals Identify and Respond to Perpetrators of Domestic and Family Violence in a Hospital Setting: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241246783. [PMID: 38656268 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241246783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
There is heightened awareness that a whole-of-systems approach to perpetrator responses is key to addressing domestic and family violence (DFV). This paper reports on the findings from a scoping review which mapped the international literature on how health professionals identify and respond to perpetrators of DFV within a hospital setting. A comprehensive scoping review methodology was used. The search, spanning January 2010 to January 2022, yielded 12,380 publications from four databases. Eligibility for inclusion included peer-reviewed literature with any reference to inpatient hospital health professionals identifying or responding to perpetrators of DFV. Fourteen articles were included in the final review. The review presents the literature categorized by levels of prevention, from primary, secondary, through to tertiary preventive interventions. An additional category "other practices" is added to capture practices which did not fit into existing levels. Despite glimpses into how health professionals can identify, and respond to perpetrators of DFV, the current knowledge base is sparse. The review did not identify any mandated or formal procedures for identifying and/screening or responding to perpetration of abuse in hospitals. Rather, responses to perpetrators are inconsistent and rely on the motivation, skill, and self-efficacy of health professionals rather than an embedded practice that is driven and informed by hospital policy or procedures. The literature paints a picture of missed opportunities for meaningful work with perpetrators of DFV in a hospital setting and highlights a disjuncture between policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Schalk
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Australia
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Otero-García L, Durán-Martín E, Castellanos-Torres E, Sanz-Barbero B, Vives-Cases C. Accessibility of intimate partner violence-related services for young women in Spain. Qualitative study on professionals' perspectives. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297886. [PMID: 38573923 PMCID: PMC10994297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common among young people, but the use of IPV resources among young adult women and teenagers is limited. This study aims to analyze professionals' perceptions about the main barriers and facilitators encountered by young women (16-29 years old) exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) when accessing formal services in Spain. METHODS Qualitative study based on 17 in depth interviews carried out in 2019 with professionals who manage resources for IPV care in Madrid (Spain) from different sectors (social services, health care, security forces, women or youth issues offices, associations). A qualitative content analysis was conducted. RESULTS The professionals interviewed perceive the following barriers: 1) Time it takes for young women to recognize IPV because the social construction of sexual-affective relationships is permeated by gender inequality; 2) The process of leaving a situation of abuse; 3) Barriers inherent to IPV services. The key aspects to improve access to these resources are related to care services, professional practice, and the young women themselves. CONCLUSIONS There are both psychosocial barriers, derived from the process of leaving a situation of violence, as well as structural barriers for young women to access and properly use the recognized services specifically aimed at them or comprehensive IPV care. Services need to be tailored to the needs of young women so they can be truly effective in order to escape IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Otero-García
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Durán-Martín
- International Doctoral School of the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia and the Joint Research Institute of the Nacional School of Health (UNED- IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Castellanos-Torres
- Public Health Research Group, Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health an History of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Social Sciences, University Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Sanz-Barbero
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Research Group, Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health an History of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Ford-Gilboe M, Varcoe C, Scott-Storey K, Browne AJ, Jack SM, Jackson K, Mantler T, O'Donnell S, Patten-Lu N, Smye V, Wathen CN, Perrin N. Longitudinal effectiveness of a woman-led, nurse delivered health promotion intervention for women who have experienced intimate partner violence: iHEAL randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:398. [PMID: 38326832 PMCID: PMC10848348 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) threatens the safety, health and quality of life of women worldwide. Comprehensive IPV interventions that are tailored, take a long-term view of women's needs, including health concerns, and maximize choice and control, have the potential to effectively address heath and safety concerns. Few such interventions have been tested, including in the Canadian context. METHODS A parallel randomized controlled trial of adult (age 19 + years), English-speaking, Canadian women with histories of IPV randomized either to iHEAL, a tailored health promotion intervention delivered by Registered Nurses over 6-7 months, or to community service information (usual care control). Primary (Quality of Life, PTSD symptoms) and secondary outcomes (Depression, Confidence in Managing Daily Life, Chronic Pain, IPV Severity) were measured at baseline and 6, 12 and 18 months post-intervention via an online survey. Generalized estimating equations were used to test for differences by study arm in intention-to-treat (full sample) and per protocol (1 + iHEAL visit) analyses focussing on short-term (immediately post-intervention) and longer-term (1 year post-intervention) effects. Selected process evaluation data were summarized using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Of 331 women enrolled, 175 were randomized to iHEAL (135 who engaged in 1 + visits) and 156 to control. Women who received iHEAL showed significantly greater short-term improvement in Quality of Life compared to the control group, with these effects maintained 1 year later. Changes in PTSD Symptoms also differed significantly by group, with weaker initial effects that were stronger 1 year post-intervention. Significant moderate, short- and longer-term group effects were also observed for Depression and Confidence in Managing Daily Life. IPV Severity decreased for both groups, with significant immediate effects in favour of the intervention group that grew stronger 1 year post-intervention. There were no changes in Chronic Pain. CONCLUSION iHEAL is an effective, acceptable and safe intervention for diverse groups of women with histories of IPV. Trial results provide a foundation for implementation and ongoing evaluation in health care settings and systems. Delayed effects noted for PTSD Symptoms and IPV Severity suggest that longer-term assessment of these outcomes may be needed in trials of IPV interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT03573778 (Registered on June 29, 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Ford-Gilboe
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, NBA 5C1, Canada.
| | - Colleen Varcoe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly Scott-Storey
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Annette J Browne
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Susan M Jack
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kim Jackson
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, NBA 5C1, Canada
| | - Tara Mantler
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sue O'Donnell
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Noël Patten-Lu
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, NBA 5C1, Canada
| | - Victoria Smye
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, NBA 5C1, Canada
| | - C Nadine Wathen
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, NBA 5C1, Canada
| | - Nancy Perrin
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Safar C, Jackson KT, Irwin JD, Mantler T. Exploring Coping Strategies Among Older Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:2418-2438. [PMID: 37501603 PMCID: PMC10375232 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231188086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This interpretive description study explored coping among older women in Ontario experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) during COVID-19. Twelve in-depth interviews with older women found age-related normative beliefs played a role in how older women viewed their lives and how they looked beyond their experiences of IPV. Their roles as caretakers and homemakers influenced their response to IPV, and COVID-19 exacerbated feelings of lost time and loneliness. Coping strategies consisted of social support, including telephone formal services and physical activities. Women expressed a lack of appropriate services and financial limitations as barriers. They identified the need for age-appropriate services that acknowledge their unique experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Safar
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberley T. Jackson
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Irwin
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Tara Mantler
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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van Gelder NE, Ligthart SA, van Rosmalen-Nooijens KAWL, Prins JB, Oertelt-Prigione S. Key Factors in Helpfulness and Use of the SAFE Intervention for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse: Qualitative Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial and Process Evaluation. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e42647. [PMID: 37603391 PMCID: PMC10477920 DOI: 10.2196/42647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many women experience at least one type of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA), and although various support options are available, we still know relatively little about web-based interventions for IPVA survivors. We conducted a qualitative evaluation of the SAFE eHealth intervention for women experiencing IPVA in the Netherlands, complementing the quantitative evaluation of self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and multiple feasibility aspects. OBJECTIVE This study assessed users' experiences and what, according to them, were useful and helpful aspects of the intervention. METHODS The intervention consisted of modules with information on relationships and IPVA, help options, physical and mental health, and social support. It also contained interactive elements such as exercises, stories from survivors, a chat, and a forum. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with an intervention arm receiving the complete version of the intervention and a control arm receiving only a static version with the modules on relationships and IPVA and help options. We gathered data through open questions from surveys (for both study arms; n=65) and semistructured interviews (for the intervention study arm; n=10), all conducted on the web, during the randomized controlled trial and process evaluation. Interview data were coded following the principles of open thematic coding, and all qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Overall, most users positively rated the intervention regarding safety, content, and suiting their needs, especially participants from the intervention study arm. The intervention was helpful in the domains of acknowledgment, awareness, and support. However, participants also identified points for improvement: the availability of a simplified version for acute situations; more attention for survivors in the aftermath of ending an abusive relationship; and more information on certain topics, such as technological IPVA, support for children, and legal affairs. Furthermore, although participants expressed a prominent need for interactive contact options such as a chat or forum, the intervention study arm (the only group that had these features at their disposal) mainly used them in a passive way-reading instead of actively joining the conversation. The participants provided various reasons for this passive use. CONCLUSIONS The positive outcomes of this study are similar to those of other web-based interventions for IPVA survivors, and specific points for improvement were identified. The availability of interactive elements seems to be of added value even when they are used passively. This study provides in-depth insight into the experiences of female IPVA survivors with the SAFE eHealth intervention and makes suggestions for improvements to SAFE and comparable web-based interventions for IPVA as well as inspiring future research. Furthermore, this study shows the importance of a varied assessment of an intervention's effectiveness to understand the real-world impact on its users. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register NTR7313; https://tinyurl.com/3t7vwswz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E van Gelder
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne A Ligthart
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Karin A W L van Rosmalen-Nooijens
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Judith B Prins
- Department of Medical Psychology, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Oertelt-Prigione
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Arbeitsgruppe 10 Geschlechtersensible Medizin, Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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7
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Spearman KJ, Hardesty JL, Campbell J. Post-separation abuse: A concept analysis. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:1225-1246. [PMID: 35621362 PMCID: PMC9701248 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report an analysis of the concept of post-separation abuse and its impact on the health of children and adult survivors. DESIGN Concept analysis. DATA SOURCES A literature search was conducted via PubMed, Cochrane and Embase and identified articles published from 1987 to 2021. METHODS Walker and Avant's (2019) eight stage methodology was used for this concept analysis, including identifying the concept, determining the purpose of analysis, identifying uses of the concept, defining attributes, identifying a model case and contrary case, antecedents and consequences and defining empirical referents. RESULTS Post-separation abuse can be defined as the ongoing, willful pattern of intimidation of a former intimate partner including legal abuse, economic abuse, threats and endangerment to children, isolation and discrediting and harassment and stalking. An analysis of literature identified essential attributes including fear and intimidation; domination, power and control; intrusion and entrapment; omnipresence; and manipulation of systems. Antecedents to post-separation abuse include patriarchal norms, physical separation, children, spatiality and availability, pre-separation IPV and coercive control and perpetrator characteristics. Consequences include lethality, adverse health consequences, institutional violence and betrayal, such as loss of child custody and economic deprivation. CONCLUSION This concept analysis provides a significant contribution to the literature because it advances the science for understanding the phenomenon of post-separation abuse. It will aid in developing risk assessment tools and interventions to improve standards of care for adult and children survivors following separation from an abusive partner. IMPACT This concept analysis of post-separation abuse provides a comprehensive insight into the phenomenon and a theoretical foundation to inform instrument development, future research and intervention. Post-separation abuse is a complex, multi-faceted phenomenon that requires differential social, legal and healthcare systems responses to support the health and well-being of survivors and their children.
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Hing N, O’Mullan C, Mainey L, Greer N, Breen H. An integrative review of research on gambling and domestic and family violence: Fresh perspectives to guide future research. Front Psychol 2022; 13:987379. [PMID: 36312076 PMCID: PMC9606773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.987379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an integrative review of research on domestic and family violence (DFV), including intimate partner violence (IPV), experienced by victims and perpetrators with a gambling problem. It aims to review, critique, and synthesize research on this topic to generate fresh and alternative perspectives to guide future research. Based on a systematic search of the academic literature and a targeted search of gray literature, the paper summarizes findings from empirical studies pertaining to the prevalence of perpetration and victimization, characteristics of perpetrators and victims, and explanations for this violence. Based on this review, the paper suggests several potential improvements that can be considered in future studies. These include a shift from focusing on situational violence to also include coercive control; greater sensitivity in research design and interpretation to gender differences in experiences of violence; and the need to include economic abuse as a form of DFV/IPV. Adopting a public health lens is also recommended to broaden the research focus from victims and perpetrators to also consider contextual factors. In particular, gambling research should examine the contribution of gambling products, practices, environments, and marketing to DFV/IPV and how this might be ameliorated. While research to date has drawn much needed attention to the risks that gambling presents for DFV/IPV, this review provides some suggestions for future research so that it can provide more nuanced findings to inform policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerilee Hing
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Nerilee Hing,
| | - Cathy O’Mullan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
| | - Lydia Mainey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Central Queensland University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Nancy Greer
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen Breen
- Faculty of Business and Law and Arts, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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The Post-Traumatic Growth Journey of Women Who Have Survived Intimate Partner Violence: A Synthesized Theory Emphasizing Obstacles and Facilitating Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148653. [PMID: 35886504 PMCID: PMC9321137 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Suffering intimate partner violence (IPV) is a devastating personal experience and post-traumatic growth (PTG) is a positive, psychological change in a person, following trauma such as IPV. There is a gap in the literature when it comes to theories on PTG after surviving IPV. The aim of this theory development was to synthesize an approach to understanding the PTG journey of female IPV survivors. According to our theory, their PTG journey includes eight main components: 1. The women’s early experience of trauma, 2. The consequences of that trauma, 3. Their experiences of IPV, 4. The consequences of IPV, 5. The facilitating factors to PTG, 6. The hindering factors to PTG, 7. Their experience of PTG, and 8. The lingering effects of IPV. According to our findings, PTG is a real possibility for female IPV survivors, and it is likely to improve their mental health, well-being, and quality of life, as well as that of their children, loved ones, and communities, thereby decreasing the damaging effects of IPV. The theory can be useful for professionals when guiding female survivors of IPV to promote their recovery and healing. Due to the lack of research in this field, additional research is needed to further develop this theory.
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Hing N, Russell AMT, Browne M, Rockloff M, Tulloch C, Rawat V, Greer N, Dowling NA, Merkouris SS, King DL, Stevens M, Salonen AH, Breen H, Woo L. Gambling-related harms to concerned significant others: A national Australian prevalence study. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:361-372. [PMID: 35895474 PMCID: PMC9295213 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Gambling-related harm to concerned significant others (CSOs) is an important public health issue since it reduces CSOs' health and wellbeing in numerous life domains. This study aimed to 1) estimate the first national prevalence of CSOs harmed by gambling in Australia; 2) identify the characteristics of CSOs most at risk of harm from another person's gambling; 3) compare the types and number of harms experienced by CSOs based on their relationship to the person who gambles; and 4) compare the number of harms experienced by CSOs by self-identified gender. Methods Based on a national CATI survey weighted to population norms, 11,560 respondents reported whether they had been personally and negatively affected by another person's gambling in the past 12 months; and if so, answered detailed questions about the harms experienced from the person's gambling who had harmed them the most. Results Past-year prevalence of gambling-related harm to adult Australian CSOs was (6.0%; 95% CI 5.6%-6.5%). CSOs most commonly reported emotional harms, followed by relationship, financial, health and vocational harms, respectively. Former partners reported the most harm, followed by current partners, other family members and non-family members, respectively. Female CSOs were more likely to report more harm and being harmed by a partner or other family member, and male CSOs from a non-family member. Discussion and conclusions The findings provide new insights into the wider societal burden of gambling and inform measures aimed at reducing harm to CSOs from gambling and supporting them to seek help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerilee Hing
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, CQUniversity, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Browne
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, CQUniversity, Australia
| | - Matthew Rockloff
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, CQUniversity, Australia
| | | | - Vijay Rawat
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, CQUniversity, Australia
| | - Nancy Greer
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, CQUniversity, Australia
| | - Nicki A. Dowling
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Daniel L. King
- College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Matthew Stevens
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Australia
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Özümerzifon Y, Ross A, Brinza T, Gibney G, Garber CE. Exploring a Dance/Movement Program on Mental Health and Well-Being in Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence During a Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:887827. [PMID: 35722545 PMCID: PMC9204421 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.887827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and benefits of a 12-session dance/movement program for intimate partner violence survivors' mental health and PTSD symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The specific purposes were fourfold: (1) To determine the feasibility of delivering a virtual dance/movement workshop program; (2) to examine the effects of the program on symptoms of PTSD and psychological distress; (3) to determine whether heart rate variability improves; and (4) to describe the individual and shared experiences of a subgroup of participants of the program. METHODS Forty-five women ages 23-48 years were randomized to a 12-session virtual creative dance/movement program or a usual care control group, and completed questionnaires about PTSD and mental health symptoms, general health, physical activity, and underwent a brief measurement of heart rate variability. A subset of the intervention group participated in a semi-structured focus group. RESULTS The results of the study showed that the female survivors of intimate partner violence who participated in the virtual workshops felt better, and they experienced improved affect and reduced tension. They found new ways to express themselves, attune to their bodies, learn new self-care habits, and build community as they engaged in the workshops. Over the course of the study, the participants' symptoms of PTSD and psychological distress lessened. There were no changes in heart rate variability. CONCLUSIONS This complex study was successfully completed during a global pandemic and resulted in improvements in some mental health symptoms and overall well-being. Given the importance of this work with intimate partner violence survivors, further work exploring dance/movement workshops for participants virtually and in-person is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison Ross
- Sanctuary for Families, Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | - Tessa Brinza
- Gina Gibney Dance, Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | - Gina Gibney
- Gina Gibney Dance, Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | - Carol Ewing Garber
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Isailă OM, Hostiuc S, Teodor M, Curcă GC. Particularities of Offenders Imprisoned for Domestic Violence from Social and Psychiatric Medical-Legal Perspectives. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1187. [PMID: 34833406 PMCID: PMC8625331 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: It is known that there may be an interconditionality between social status, personality disorders, and aggressive behavior. This study aimed to analyze the social and psychiatric diagnosis characteristics in subjects imprisoned for domestic violence acts compared to other types of aggressive behaviors. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study using psychiatric medical-legal reports at the National Institute of Legal Medicine "Mina Minovici" Bucharest from 2016 to 2020. Results: We included 234 cases in our analysis, from which 132 (56%) were domestic violence offenders (DVO), and 102 (44%) were violence offenders imprisoned for other aggressions (OVO). Overall, DVOs were older than OVOs (43.0 +/- 14.7 vs. 36.1 +/- 16.6 years-old). In both study groups, most subjects were men, but the DVO group had more women than the OVO group: 23 cases (17%) and 3 cases (3%), respectively. In 14 cases (11%), previous criminal records were found from the DVO and 31 (30%) from the OVO group. Significantly fewer DVO were chronic psychoactive substance users: 83 (63%) in the DVO group versus 78 (86%) in the OVO group. Significantly more DVO had suicidal tendencies 26 (20%) compared to OVO 9 (9%). DVO subjects had significantly less often unsocialized conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder compared to the OVO group. Conclusions: We found that DVO, compared to the OVO, were more numerous, older, less abusive, with a less frequent history of psychoactive substance abuse and addictions, and were less frequently indifferent to the committed acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Maria Isailă
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila University” of Medicine and Pharmacy, RO-020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- “Mina Minovici” National Institute of Legal Medicine, RO-042122 Bucharest, Romania; (M.T.); (G.-C.C.)
| | - Sorin Hostiuc
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila University” of Medicine and Pharmacy, RO-020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- “Mina Minovici” National Institute of Legal Medicine, RO-042122 Bucharest, Romania; (M.T.); (G.-C.C.)
| | - Mihai Teodor
- “Mina Minovici” National Institute of Legal Medicine, RO-042122 Bucharest, Romania; (M.T.); (G.-C.C.)
| | - George-Cristian Curcă
- “Mina Minovici” National Institute of Legal Medicine, RO-042122 Bucharest, Romania; (M.T.); (G.-C.C.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, RO-020021 Bucharest, Romania
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