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Lu X, An X, Chen S. Trends and Influencing Factors in Problematic Smartphone Use Prevalence (2012-2022): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024. [PMID: 38979617 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Given that problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been researched for a long time, it becomes necessary to assess how the trends of PSU prevalence have evolved over time. In total, 106 articles from 2012 to 2022 with 109 studies covering 97,748 individuals were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The estimation of the global pooled PSU prevalence was 37.1% (95% confidence interval, 33.5 - 40.8%) and the PSU prevalence is growing over time in total. Although the PSU prevalence exhibited wide variation between regions and measurement scales, the increasing trend remained. In addition, the regression slope of the PSU prevalence trend in males was higher than that in females. Males initially had a lower prevalence of PSU than females, but this steadily changed over time until it was greater in males than in females. Moreover, the prevalence of PSU showed an increasing trend across all age groups, with a faster growth rate in the older age group. Considering the aforementioned results, it's necessary to implement proper interventions to do with this phenomenon. In addition, considering the differences in prevalence brought by regions, and measurement scales, in practice and research, we should not only take into account the disparities of PSU between countries or cultures, but also to concern about establishing unified standard and measurement tools to confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Lu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xianli An
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siguang Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Al-Ameri M, Abu-Shaikh H, Mansour M, Al-Habahbeh S, Weshah F, Ennab W, Binsaleh AY, Shilbayeh SAR, Gammoh O. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis: Prevalence and Correlates. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3844. [PMID: 38999410 PMCID: PMC11242620 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between adult ADHD symptoms in People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) is understudied. This study aimed to answer two questions: are PwMS more likely to experience higher ADHD symptoms versus healthy subjects? And what are the correlates of severe ADHD symptoms in PwMS? Methods: This study followed a cross-sectional design with predefined inclusion criteria. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1 (ASRS) was used to assess the ADHD symptoms severity. Results: Data were analyzed from 171 PwMS and 200 controls. Regression analysis revealed that PwMS were at a significantly (B = 3.05, t = 2.24, 95% CI = 0.37-5.73, p = 0.02) higher risk to report higher ADHD scores versus controls. In addition, PwMS with relapses in the last 6 months and PwMS reporting smartphone addiction were at a significantly higher risk for severe ADHD (B = 7.19, t = 269, 95% CI = 1.91-12.48, p = 0.008) and (B = 9.18, t = 3.47, 95% CI = 3.97-14.41, p = 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, diagnosis with MS in our study was identified as a risk for higher ADHD symptoms. Conclusions: Further research is required to establish this relationship, and holistic medical and psychological interventions are required to improve the cognitive status of PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Al-Ameri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | | | - Mohammad Mansour
- Department of Neurology, Al-Bashir Hospital, Amman 11151, Jordan; (M.M.); (S.A.-H.); (F.W.); (W.E.)
| | - Suha Al-Habahbeh
- Department of Neurology, Al-Bashir Hospital, Amman 11151, Jordan; (M.M.); (S.A.-H.); (F.W.); (W.E.)
| | - Feras Weshah
- Department of Neurology, Al-Bashir Hospital, Amman 11151, Jordan; (M.M.); (S.A.-H.); (F.W.); (W.E.)
| | - Wail Ennab
- Department of Neurology, Al-Bashir Hospital, Amman 11151, Jordan; (M.M.); (S.A.-H.); (F.W.); (W.E.)
| | - Ammena Y. Binsaleh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.Y.B.); (S.A.R.S.)
| | - Sireen Abdul Rahim Shilbayeh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.Y.B.); (S.A.R.S.)
| | - Omar Gammoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
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Guo Z, Liu K, Liang C, Li D, Lou J, Deng Y, Huang M. Validation of the Chinese version of the Smartphone Distraction Scale. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31807. [PMID: 38882330 PMCID: PMC11177068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS) is a novel assessment scale for smartphone distraction; it comprises 16 items that cover attention impulsiveness, online vigilance, multitasking, and emotion regulation. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the SDS in college students in China. After translating and culturally adapting the original version of the SDS into Chinese, the scale was tested on a sample of 1302 college students.The validity and reliability were assessed utilizing SPSS 25.0, AMOS 25.0 and Mplus 8.3. Parallel analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed for the validity analysis. Criterion-related validity for the SDS was tested by correlation analysis with the mobile phone addiction scale (MPAI). The reliability analysis was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). EFA and parallel analysis revealed a three-factor structure. The EFA identified factor loadings on three factors (14 items), explaining a total variance of 60.73 %. The CFA model fit was good (χ2/df = 4.644, RMSEA = 0.047, GFI = 0.930, CFI = 0.955, SRMR = 0.047), and the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis indicated measurement invariance for gender. Both convergent and discriminant validity were established. The criterion-related validity was established based on a significant correlation (r = 0.758) with the MPAI. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.916, and the split-half reliability was 0.769, demonstrating a satisfactory internal consistency. The score of ICC was 0.907, demonstrating the stability of the SDS. Based on these data, the Chinese version of the SDS demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability in a sample of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Medical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Liang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Lou
- School of Medical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Mina Huang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Alwazzeh M, Harfouch M, Hasan MA, Alqatari S, AlSaid AH, Alwazzeh MJ. Clinical Manifestations' Spectrum of Smartphone Addiction: Moving from an Addiction toward a Clinical Syndrome. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2024; 20:e17450179295575. [PMID: 39130188 PMCID: PMC11311730 DOI: 10.2174/0117450179295575240520064919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Smartphone addiction is an emerging type of addiction in the digital era, characterized by smartphone dependence that negatively affects human health with a wide range of psychological and physical manifestations. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the detailed clinical manifestations of smartphone addiction as a delineated clinical syndrome. Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed to assess smartphone addiction prevalence and its health impacts among Syrian undergraduates using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV 2013), the Kessler psychological distress scale (K-6), and a comprehensive assessment of the clinical manifestations frequently linked to smartphone addiction in the literature. Different statistical modeling techniques were applied; a P value of < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of 1532 invited undergraduates, 1401 (91.45%) completed the assessment adequately. Most participants were females (59.7%) and below 23 years of age (73.2%). The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 67.80%; statistically significant smartphone addiction associations were revealed with psychological distress (P < .0001) with odds ratios of 3.308. Most screened physical manifestations also showed a significant association with smartphone addiction. Conclusion A high prevalence of smartphone addiction was observed with a broad spectrum of associated mental and physical manifestations. As smart device addiction becomes a global health concern, combining the clinical findings reported in the related literature into one clinical identity is necessary to develop a holistic management approach for the delineated clinical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudar Alwazzeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartus, Syria
| | - Muhdammad Harfouch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartus, Syria
| | - Manal Ahmed Hasan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safi Alqatari
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Hamad AlSaid
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Jabr Alwazzeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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Tang S, Chen R, Ma Z, Li X, Chen J, Zhao J. Associations of problematic smartphone use with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in university students before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2024; 152:107969. [PMID: 38290322 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been suggested to present with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation (SI) as well as sleep disturbance, lack of social support, and emotional isolation. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between PSU with depressive symptoms and SI in university students, and to determine the potential influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. METHODS Observational studies pertinent to our research were identified through comprehensive searches of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. To account for potential heterogeneity, the random-effects models were employed to aggregate the findings. RESULTS Eighteen datasets from 17 case-control studies, including 24,019 university students, were included. Among them, 8,775 (36.5 %) had PSU. A higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 2.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.19 to 2.63, p < 0.001; prediction interval: 1.95 to 2.96) was observed in university students with higher scores for PSU measures. A subgroup analysis showed a stronger association between PSU and depressive symptoms after the COVID-19 outbreak as compared to that before the outbreak (OR: 2.76 versus 2.16, p for subgroup difference = 0.002), which explained the heterogeneity. The association between PSU and depressive symptoms in university students was similar to those reported in studies from China and other countries, and in studies with different quality scores. Finally, a meta-analysis of three studies suggested that PSU was also associated with the prevalence of SI (OR: 2.18, 95 % CI: 1.77 to 2.68, p < 0.001; I2 = 0 %). CONCLUSION In university students, PSU may be a risk factor for depressive symptoms and SI, and the association between PSU and depressive symptoms became stronger after the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Tang
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rongning Chen
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zijie Ma
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xueguo Li
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Kim M, Seong G, Jeon MJ, Jung YC, Lee D. The mediating effect of attentional impulsivity between mindfulness and problematic smartphone use. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:294. [PMID: 38637786 PMCID: PMC11025234 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Problematic smartphone use has been linked to lower levels of mindfulness, impaired attentional function, and higher impulsivity. This study aimed to identify the psychological mechanisms of problematic smartphone use by exploring the relationship between addictive smartphone use, mindfulness, attentional function and impulsivity. METHODS Ninety participants were evaluated with the smartphone addiction proneness scale and classified into the problematic smartphone use group (n = 42; 24 women; mean age: 27.6 ± 7.2 years) or normal use group (n = 48; 22 women; mean age: 30.1 ± 5.7 years). All participants completed self-report questionnaires evaluating their trait impulsivity and mindfulness and attention tests that assessed selective, sustained and divided attention. We compared the variables between the groups and explored the relationship between mindfulness, attentional function, impulsivity and addictive smartphone use through mediation analysis. RESULTS The problematic smartphone use group showed higher trait impulsivity and lower mindfulness than the normal use group. There were no significant group differences in performance on attention tests. Levels of addictive smartphone use were significantly correlated with higher levels of trait impulsivity and lower levels of mindfulness, but not with performance on attention tests. Mediation analysis showed that acting with awareness, an aspect of mindfulness, reduces the degree of addictive smartphone use through attentional impulsivity, one of the trait impulsivity. CONCLUSION Acting without sufficient awareness could influence addictive smartphone use by mediating attentional impulsivity. This supports that executive control deficits, reflected in high attentional impulsivity, contribute to problematic smartphone use. Our findings imply that mindfulness-based interventions can enhance executive control over smartphone use by promoting awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goeun Seong
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Jeon
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Deokjong Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Yonsei Empathy Psychiatry Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
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Yaşarer Ö, Mete E, Kaygusuz Benli R, Kılıç BB, Doğan H, Sarı Z. Association between smartphone addiction and myofascial trigger points. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:254. [PMID: 38561699 PMCID: PMC10985983 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between smartphone addiction and miyafascial trigger points in university students. METHODS A cross-sectional study of university students was conducted for the purpose of this study. The participants were assessed based on age, gender, dominant side, the amount of time they spent on their smartphones, the purpose of their use, and their posture. The Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Form (SAS-SF) was used to determine addictes and non-addicts. The cut-off value of SAS-SF is 31 and above for male and 33 and above for female. RESULTS There were 136 participants in the study. The posture score for addicts and non-addicts ones was not significantly different (p > 0,05), but the number of trigger points, maximal bending posture and trigger points in the right levator scapula and right cervical erector muscles were significantly higher in the smartphone addict participants (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONS Smartphone addiction in university students is associated with postural changes and trigger points in the bilateral levator scapula and right cervical erector muscles. Public health programs should be developed to raise awareness about smartphone addiction, encourage screen breaks, and emphasize physical activity and exercise regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özden Yaşarer
- Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Vocational School, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Emel Mete
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Kaygusuz Benli
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berivan Beril Kılıç
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halis Doğan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zübeyir Sarı
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Erden IE, Bektaşoğlu G. The effect of smartphone addiction on vessel wall thickness, which is a predictor of atherosclerosis. Cardiol Young 2024; 34:559-562. [PMID: 37565327 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951123003050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM The increasing global popularity of smartphone usage has increased concerns about the negative effects of smartphone addiction, such as lack of sleep, sedentary life, bad eating habits, anxiety, stress, and depression, especially among the young population. These problems caused by smartphone addiction are also well-known risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, according to our observation, there is no research in the literature that directly shows the relationship between smartphone addiction and subclinical atherosclerosis. In this study, carotid intima-media thickness, an important surrogate marker in demonstrating subclinical atherosclerosis, was used to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction and subclinical atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 high school students aged between 13 and 22 years. A smartphone addiction questionnaire consisting of 33 questions was applied to measure smartphone addiction. Along with the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, factors such as eating habits, sleep patterns, and activity levels were also questioned. The mean carotid intima-media thickness was measured by an experienced sonographer according to the published and accepted methods. RESULTS When we set the threshold for smartphone addiction at over 66 points, we discovered that the group with smartphone addiction had considerably thicker carotid intima-media (0.68 ± 0.2 versus 0.45 ± 0.1; p < 0.001). In addition, logistics regression analysis had shown that smartphone addiction level independently affects the carotid intima-media thickness (odds ratio:1.111; %95 GA:1.057-1.168, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction may help prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis via carotid intima-media thickness among teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan Bektaşoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Atlas University Medical Faculty Medicine Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kobayashi N, Jitoku D, Mochimatsu R, Hamamura T, Honjo M, Takagi S, Sugihara G, Takahashi H. Treatment readiness and prognosis for problematic smartphone use: Evaluation of the Stages of Change, Readiness, and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) and log data. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e172. [PMID: 38868469 PMCID: PMC11114430 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim While moderate smartphone use contributes to information gathering and relationship building, excessive smartphone use, also referred to as problematic smartphone use (PSU), has raised concerns because of its addictive nature and associated health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between treatment readiness and prognosis in individuals with PSU and to assess the predictive ability of smartphone log data in evaluating treatment readiness. Methods A sample of 47 patients with PSU participated in this study. Treatment readiness was assessed using the Stages of Change, Readiness, and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), and log data were collected using a smartphone log application. Results The results showed a significant correlation between baseline SOCRATES scores and the difference in Global Assessment of Functioning scores between baseline and 6 months (Spearman's ρ = 0.640, P-value = .001), suggesting that treatment readiness may explain part of the treatment outcomes (Pearson's r 2 = 0.379, P-value = 0.032). In addition, baseline log data, including the log acquisition rate, showed a positive correlation with treatment readiness (Spearman's ρ = 0.328, P-value = 0.045). Conclusion These findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between treatment readiness and clinical outcomes in patients with PSU, and suggest the potential of log data as objective indicators of treatment motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanase Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
- Joint Research Department of Cyberpsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Jitoku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
- Joint Research Department of Cyberpsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Ryoko Mochimatsu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | | | - Shunsuke Takagi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Genichi Sugihara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
- Center for Brain Integration ResearchTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
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Noel JK, Rosenthal SR, Jacob S. Internet, App-Based, and Casino Gambling: Associations Between Modality, Problem Gambling, and Substance Use. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10284-9. [PMID: 38311694 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Technology-based gambling prevalence is not well understood since relevant questions are not included in health and disease surveillance studies. The current study sought to estimate the prevalence of internet-based and smartphone app-based gambling, along with casino gambling, in a sample of U.S. young adults and determine if gambling modality was associated with problem gambling symptoms or substance use. The 2022 Rhode Island Young Adult Survey included N = 1,022 students between the ages of 18 to 25 years old who had lived in Rhode Island, with n = 414 lifetime gamblers (40.5%) included in this study. Odds of gambling via a smartphone app and on the internet, respectively, were greater in heterosexual cis-males compared to heterosexual cis-females (OR[95%CI] = 3.14 [1.25,7.91]; OR[95%CI] = 6.30 [2.05,19.3]). Internet gambling amongst employed students was less common than among those who were not a student and not employed (OR[95%CI] = 0.25 [0.06,1.00]). Odds of problem gambling symptoms were higher among those who gambled via a smartphone app (OR[95%CI] = 3.23 [1.21,8.60]). All forms of gambling were associated with alcohol consumption, although the strength of the association was stronger in app and internet gamblers. Casino gamblers were more likely to be high risk marijuana and illicit drug users. The rising availability of app gambling coupled with its social, psychological, and cultural context may presents an alternative pathway to problem gambling. Bans on internet gambling and/or strict guidelines on the frequency of wagers and cash placed per wager, should be considered as viable methods to mitigate associated consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Noel
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, 8 Abbott Park Place, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
- Center for Student Research & Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Samantha R Rosenthal
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, 8 Abbott Park Place, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Center for Student Research & Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Steve Jacob
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, 8 Abbott Park Place, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Center for Student Research & Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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Helmy M, Ebrahim AH, Faqeeh A, Engel E, Ashraf F, Isaac BA. Relationship Between Alexithymia, Smartphone Addiction, and Psychological Distress Among University Students: A Multi-country Study. Oman Med J 2024; 39:e593. [PMID: 38590451 PMCID: PMC10999754 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Increasing dependence on smartphones results in the appearance of psychological problems, especially among young people. This study aims to determine the rates of alexithymia and its relationship with smartphone addiction and psychological distress in university students. Methods A total of 2616 students (mean age = 22.5±3.5 years; 73.1% female) from universities in Egypt, Oman, and Pakistan were included in a cross-sectional and comparative study conducted through a web survey during the COVID-19 pandemic from October to December 2021. The following scales were used: Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). The survey also included questions related to sociodemographic and smartphone usage patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Helmy
- Psychology Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Ebrahim
- Rehabilitation Department, Governmental Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
- Graduate Studies and Research Department, Ahlia University, Manama, Bahrain
- Research and Studies Department, Bahrain Corporate Social Responsibility Society, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Aysha Faqeeh
- Research and Studies Department, Bahrain Corporate Social Responsibility Society, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ethan Engel
- Computer Science Department, Ritchie School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, USA
| | - Farzana Ashraf
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad (Lahore campus), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Buremoh Ayotunde Isaac
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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12
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Huang MF, Chang YP, Chou WJ, Yen CF. Predictors of problematic smartphone use among young adult lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a four-year follow-up study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:905. [PMID: 38053156 PMCID: PMC10696814 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This 4-year follow-up study was conducted to evaluate the predictive effects of prepandemic individual and environmental factors on problematic smartphone use (PSU) among young adult lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data on prepandemic PSU, demographics, sexual stigma (e.g., perceived sexual stigma from family members, internalized sexual stigma, and sexual microaggression), self-identity confusion (e.g., disturbed identity, unconsolidated identity, and lack of identity), anxiety, depression, and family support were collected from 1,000 LGB individuals between August 2018 and June 2019. The participants' PSU was surveyed again after 4 years (between August 2022 and June 2023). The associations of prepandemic individual and environmental factors with PSU at follow-up were analyzed through linear regression. RESULTS In total, 673 (67.3%) participants completed the follow-up assessment. The severity of PSU significantly decreased after 4 years (p = .001). Before the incorporation of PSU at baseline into the analysis model, the results of the model revealed that high levels depressive symptoms (p < .001), disturbed identity (p < .001), and perceived sexual stigma from family members (p = .025) at baseline were significantly associated with PSU at follow-up. After the incorporation of PSU at baseline into the analysis model, the results of the model revealed that high levels PSU (p < .001) and depressive symptoms (p = .002) at baseline were significantly associated with PSU at follow-up. CONCLUSION Interventions aimed at reducing the severity of PSU among LGB individuals should be designed considering the predictors identified in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Feng Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Chang
- School of Nursing, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, 32 Dapi Rd. Niaosong Dist, Kaohsiung, 83341, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, and School of Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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13
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B M, N S, Dasharathbhai DN, Ekambaram G. Impact of smart phone use on adolescence health in India. Bioinformation 2023; 19:1090-1093. [PMID: 38046511 PMCID: PMC10692983 DOI: 10.6026/973206300191090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart phone use is on the rise globally, which may have an impact on people's health. The second-largest country in terms of mobile phone usage is India. However, there aren't many studies that have been done in India to evaluate its health impacts. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the effectiveness of codex on the impact of smart phone use on various dimensions of health status among adolescence. The pre-test mean score for knowledge regarding the impact of smart phones on physical health was 1.92, while the post-test mean score was 3.75. The pre-test and post-test standard deviations were 0.91 and 0.93, respectively, and the mean deviation score was the 't'-value that was 11.000 and Significant at the p<0.001*** level. The research was conducted in higher secondary school, and 60 students participated. The research design was a pre-experimental design; a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of Students on the Impact of mobile phone use on various dimensions of health. Most people, on average, spend 3 hours and 15 minutes on their phones each day. As adolescents are engaged in smartphone use, it disturbs their sleep patterns, adversely impacting their short-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi B
- Department of Paediatric Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - Sivasubramanian N
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - Dhobi Nirali Dasharathbhai
- Department of Community health Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - Gnanadesigan Ekambaram
- Department of Physiology, Nootan Medical College and Research Centre, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315; India
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14
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Ambiha R, Sathyapriya J, Akila N, Vanitha R, Muniyammal K. Smartphone obsession linked behavioural changes among Indian adolescents. Bioinformation 2023; 19:1025-1028. [PMID: 37969665 PMCID: PMC10640790 DOI: 10.6026/973206300191025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The best technological gifts of the 21st century are mobile phones, which are especially well-liked to adolescents. Infinite resources with numerous uses and applications are available on modern mobile devices. Adolescents have behavioral changes as a result of its excessive use. Therefore, it is of interest to explore the connection between smartphone obsession and potential behavioral changes. A School based, co relational study was conducted among 100 adolescents at selected schools at Tamil Nadu. Samples were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected to assess the mobile addiction by using Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SVSAC) and Pediatric symptom checklist - 17was used to evaluate the behavioral changes. Collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Study shows that 52 adolescents had a high smartphone Obsession, in that 37 had negative behavioral changes due to overuse of the smart phone and also had slight positive correlation between smartphone obsession and behavioral changes. A significant relationship was seen between smart phone obsession with behavioral changes (p<0.001) among adolescents. The study concluded that smart phone obsession and behavioral changes having strong connection in adolescents was significantly associated with their behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ambiha
- Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - J Sathyapriya
- Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Nursing, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu - 621212, India
| | - N Akila
- Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Nursing, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu - 621212, India
| | - R Vanitha
- Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Nursing, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu - 621212, India
| | - K Muniyammal
- Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Nursing, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu - 621212, India
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15
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AlQaderi N, Banibella Abdelmagied Elamin A, Yasser Abdelraouf Abdelmonem K, Teir HJ, Andrade G. Phone addiction, cyberbullying, and mental health amongst young adults in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:313. [PMID: 37803432 PMCID: PMC10557357 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone addiction is a common phenomenon worldwide and within the UAE. It is related to many factors, including gender and ethnicity, and can lead to mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression. This study investigates these factors concerning smartphone addiction among young adults in the UAE. METHODS 421 participants answered a questionnaire of validated and reliable scales measuring smartphone addiction, cyberbullying experiences, mental health, and demographic information. The average age of the participants was 21 years, and the age groups were divided into two groups. Group 1 consists of participants who are 20 years or younger, and group 2 consists of participants aged 21 or older. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between smartphone addiction with both anxiety and depression. A positive correlation was also found between cyberbullying victims, anxiety, and depression. Females were found to have higher levels of anxiety and smartphone addiction in comparison to males. CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction is a problem that connects to disorders like anxiety and depression. Conversely, cyberbullying is not directly related to smartphone addiction but is also strongly related to anxiety and depression.
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Aftab T, Khyzer E. Smartphone addiction and its association with hypertension and quality of sleep among medical students of Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:1013-1019. [PMID: 37777264 PMCID: PMC10541975 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.10.20230402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe the smartphone addiction's prevalence and its relation to hypertension and sleep quality. METHODS This study was carried out at the College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from October 2022 to March 2023. A total of 200 medical students were selected using convenience sampling. Standard procedures were used to estimate the student's height, weight, body mass, and blood pressure. Smartphone addiction was assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version and sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Relationships between smartphone addiction, sleep quality, hypertension, and obesity were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. A p<0.05 was viewed as statistically significant. RESULTS Prevalence rate of smartphone addiction was 36% (39.8% in men and 30.5% in women) and prevalence rate of hypertension was 35.5% (42.4% in men and 25.6% in women). Hypertension showed a significant positive relationship with smartphone addiction (odds ratio [OR]=2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.034-4.36), poor sleep quality (OR=3.54, 95% CI=1.73-7.22), and obesity (OR=3.03, 95% CI=1.09-8.42). CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction has been demonstrated to have a high prevalence among medical undergraduates and has been associated significantly with elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehreem Aftab
- From the Department of Physiology (Aftab) and from the Department of Medicine (Khyzer), College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ehtisham Khyzer
- From the Department of Physiology (Aftab) and from the Department of Medicine (Khyzer), College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Frydenlund G, Guldager JD, Frederiksen KO, Egebæk HK. Do young people perceive their smartphone addiction as problematic? A study in Danish university college students. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20368. [PMID: 37790974 PMCID: PMC10543362 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As smartphone addiction has been linked to poor mental health and lower levels of physical activity, it is of public health interest to explore the behavior behind problematic smartphone use and develop interventions to reduce smartphone use. This study aimed to investigate the risk of smartphone addiction and examine perceived problematic smartphone behavior among university college students. This online survey conducted amongst 1251 Danish University College students studied smartphone addiction in conjunction with physical- and mental health dimensions. The risk of smartphone addiction was estimated using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). The main results are presented as odds ratios from multivariate logistic regressions. One in four (23%) were at high risk of smartphone addiction. Of this high-risk group, 74% identified their smartphone behavior as problematic, with 91% having considered reducing their smartphone use. Students with a high risk of smartphone addiction perceiving their behavior as problematic were more likely to report low mental health and well-being. In conclusion, students at high risk of smartphone addiction acknowledge their problematic behavior and have actively considered behavior modifications. This knowledge can enable teachers, parents, and social and health workers to understand that a majority of heavy smartphone users are open to reducing their smartphone usage, albeit with the appropriate support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Frydenlund
- Department of Physiotherapy Education, University College South Denmark, Degnevej 16, 6705 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Julie Dalgaard Guldager
- Department of Physiotherapy Education, University College South Denmark, Degnevej 16, 6705 Esbjerg, Denmark
- Unit for Health Promotion Research, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Katrine Oertel Frederiksen
- Department of Physiotherapy Education, University College South Denmark, Degnevej 16, 6705 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Heidi Klakk Egebæk
- Research Department, University College South Denmark, Haderslev, Denmark
- Centre for Research in Childhood Health, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Section for Health Promotion and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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18
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Tu W, Nie Y, Liu Q. Does the Effect of Stress on Smartphone Addiction Vary Depending on the Gender and Type of Addiction? Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:810. [PMID: 37887460 PMCID: PMC10604698 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is closely associated with smartphone addiction. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of studies investigating the potential variation in the effect of stress on smartphone addiction based on the specific addiction type and gender. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among 596 high school students. The results revealed that the effect size of stress on smartphone addiction varied across different types of addiction. The strongest relationship was observed between stress and social media addiction, followed by the relationship between stress and information acquisition addiction. Furthermore, gender played a significant moderating role in stress and three types of smartphone addiction. Specifically, stress was strongly associated with information acquisition addiction overall, with no significant gender differences observed. In contrast, stress exhibited a strong correlation with social media addiction, which was significantly more prevalent among females. On the other hand, game addiction and short-form video addiction were both strongly associated with stress, but showed significantly higher prevalence among males. This study enhances current research by offering supplementary insights into the correlation between stress and smartphone addiction, as well as exploring the potential implications of intervening in smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tu
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Mental Health Education Center for College Students, Department of Student Affairs, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Yangang Nie
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Qingqi Liu
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Leow MQH, Chiang J, Chua TJX, Wang S, Tan NC. The relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep among medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290724. [PMID: 37713408 PMCID: PMC10503710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between smartphone addiction and sleep in medical students. The secondary outcomes included the prevalence of smartphone addiction, duration and purpose of its use, prevalence of poor sleep, duration and quality of sleep. METHODS The authors searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases, from inception of each database to October 2022. Quantitative studies in the English language on smartphone addiction and sleep in students studying Western Medicine were included. The Rayyan application was used for title-abstract screening, and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist to assess the risk of bias. Heterogeneity tests and meta-synthesis of data were performed using the meta-package in R software. Data on the activities used on the smartphone was synthesized qualitatively. RESULTS A total of 298 abstracts were initially assessed for inclusion eligibility: 16 of them were eventually appraised, covering 9466 medical students comprising 3781 (39.9%) males and 5161 (54.5%) females. Meta-correlation between the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was 0.30 (95%CI = 0.24-0.36), and 0.27 (95% CI = 0.18-0.36) for SAS-SV and sleep duration. The meta-analytic estimation of smartphone addiction prevalence was 39% (95%CI = 0.30-0.50), and score using SAS-SV was 31.11 (95%CI = 29.50-32.72). The mean duration of smartphone daily used was 4.90 hours (95%CI = 3.72-6.08). The meta-analytic estimation on prevalence of poor sleep was 57% (95%CI = 0.48-0.66), and the meta-mean of PSQI and duration of sleep was 5.95 (95%CI = 4.90-7.00) and 5.62h (95%CI = 4.87-6.36) respectively. Medical students used their smartphones mostly for text messaging, followed by photo-sharing or social networking. Its usage for medical education remains unclear. CONCLUSION The prevalence of poor sleep and smartphone addiction in medical students was 57% and 39% respectively, with a correlation index of 0.30. Medical students commonly used the smartphone for text-messaging, photo-sharing or social networking, averaging 4.9 hours daily.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joelle Chiang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, National Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tiffany Jia Xuan Chua
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean Wang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- Singhealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Abdoli N, Sadeghi-Bahmani D, Salari N, Khodamoradi M, Farnia V, Jahangiri S, Brühl AB, Dürsteler KM, Stanga Z, Brand S. Nomophobia (No Mobile Phone Phobia) and Psychological Health Issues among Young Adult Students. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:1762-1775. [PMID: 37754467 PMCID: PMC10527744 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13090128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smart phone use has become a part of people's everyday life. However, when the lack of using the smart phone to establish and maintain electronic communication is related to psychological distress, such a behavior may be considered a modern-age phobia, or nomophobia (no mobile phone phobia). The aims of the present study were to investigate among a sample of young adults the associations between scores for nomophobia and symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. METHODS A total of 537 students (mean age: 25.52 years; 42.3% females) participated in the study. They completed a booklet of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information and symptoms of nomophobia, depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. RESULTS Higher scores for nomophobia were associated with higher scores for depression, anxiety, and stress, but not with scores for insomnia and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The regression model confirmed that symptoms of anxiety predicted nomophobia. CONCLUSIONS The present results support the assumption that nomophobia appears to be a mood disturbance related to stronger associations with symptoms of anxiety and, to a lesser extent, with symptoms of depression and stress. By contrast, nomophobia appeared to be unrelated to insomnia and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Abdoli
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran; (N.A.); (M.K.); (V.F.); (S.J.)
| | - Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran;
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khodamoradi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran; (N.A.); (M.K.); (V.F.); (S.J.)
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran; (N.A.); (M.K.); (V.F.); (S.J.)
| | - Somayeh Jahangiri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran; (N.A.); (M.K.); (V.F.); (S.J.)
| | - Annette Beatrix Brühl
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disturbances, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Kenneth M. Dürsteler
- Division of Substance Use Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zeno Stanga
- Centre of Competence for Military and Disaster Medicine, Swiss Armed Forces, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Serge Brand
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran; (N.A.); (M.K.); (V.F.); (S.J.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disturbances, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Teheran 1417466191, Iran
- Center for Disaster Psychiatry and Disaster Psychology, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Mascia ML, Agus M, Tomczyk Ł, Bonfiglio NS, Bellini D, Penna MP. Smartphone Distraction: Italian Validation of the Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6509. [PMID: 37569049 PMCID: PMC10418316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to validate the use of the Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS) in Italy. The SDS was devised to assess distraction related to smartphone use in adult populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted among n = 609 adults (females = 76.4%; mean age = 30.26; SD age = 9.90). An assessment of the factorial structure of the Italian version was carried out using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The four factors identified by Throuvala and colleagues were confirmed (i.e., attention impulsiveness, online vigilance, multitasking and emotion regulation). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.703-0.889). The scale's scores showed significant linear correlations with validated instruments, including the Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale (MPPUS)and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). A multivariate analysis of variance showed significant differences in the means among participants belonging to different age groups (born before 1995 vs. born after 1996). In summary, the good psychometric properties observed led us to assume that this instrument can be applied and used in Italian studies to assess the cognitive dimension of distraction related to the use of smartphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lidia Mascia
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.A.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Mirian Agus
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.A.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Łukasz Tomczyk
- Institute of Education, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Natale Salvatore Bonfiglio
- Unit of Statistics, IRCCS, Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Diego Bellini
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Maria Pietronilla Penna
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.A.); (M.P.P.)
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Metin G, Topuz S, Yagci G. Smartphone use affects gait performance, spinal kinematics and causes spinal musculoskeletal discomfort in young adults. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2023; 66:102819. [PMID: 37422953 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone use may lead to alterations in spinal kinematics and musculoskeletal discomfort. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smartphone use on spinal kinematics, and to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction, spinal discomfort, and gait parameters. DESIGN Cross-Sectional Study. METHODS The study included 42 healthy adults aged 18-30 years. A photographic method was used for spinal kinematic evaluation in sitting, standing and at the end of a 3-min walk. GAITRite electronic walkway was used for spatiotemporal gait parameters. Smartphone addiction was evaluated with the Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SAS-SV). The Cornell Musculoskeletal System Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) was used to evaluate feelings of discomfort and pain. RESULTS There was an increase in head, cervical, and thoracic flexion angles while sitting, standing, and at the end of a 3-min walk. Similarly, an increase in thoracolumbar and lumbar flexion angles was observed only in the sitting position (p < 0.05). While using a smartphone during walking, cadence, walking speed, step length decreased, while step duration and double support duration increased (p < 0.05). A statistically significant correlation was determined between the SAS-SV and CMDQ scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study showed that smartphone use has an impact on spinal kinematics during sitting, standing and at the end of a 3 min-walk, as well as on the spatiotemporal parameters of gait. This study suggest that smartphone addiction should be taken into consideration due to its potential to cause musculoskeletal discomfort and there may be a need to raise public awareness on this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnihal Metin
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Semra Topuz
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gozde Yagci
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Gao WJ, Hu Y, Ji JL, Liu XQ. Relationship between depression, smartphone addiction, and sleep among Chinese engineering students during the COVID-19 pandemic. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:361-375. [PMID: 37383286 PMCID: PMC10294134 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i6.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing research has demonstrated that depression is positively related to smartphone addiction, but the role of sleep has not been discussed thoroughly, especially among engineering undergraduates affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
AIM To evaluate sleep as a mediator of the association between smartphone addiction and depression among engineering undergraduates.
METHODS Using a multistage stratified random sampling method, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 692 engineering undergraduates from a top engineering university in China, and data were collected by self-reported electronic questionnaires. The data included demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between smartphone addiction and depression, while structural equation models were established to evaluate the possible mediating role of sleep.
RESULTS Based on the cutoffs of the SAS-SV, the rate of smartphone addiction was 63.58 percent, with 56.21 percent for women and 65.68 percent for men, among 692 engineering students. The prevalence of depression among students was 14.16 percent, with 17.65 percent for women, and 13.18 percent for men. Smartphone addiction was positively correlated with depression, and sleep played a significant mediating effect between the two, accounting for 42.22 percent of the total effect. In addition, sleep latency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction significantly mediated the relationship between depression and smartphone addiction. The mediating effect of sleep latency was 0.014 [P < 0.01; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.006-0.027], the mediating effect of sleep disturbances was 0.022 (P < 0.01; 95%CI: 0.011-0.040), and the mediating effect of daytime dysfunction was 0.040 (P < 0.01; 95%CI: 0.024-0.059). The influence of sleep latency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction accounted for 18.42%, 28.95%, and 52.63% of the total mediating effect, respectively.
CONCLUSION The results of the study suggest that reducing excessive smartphone use and improving sleep quality can help alleviate depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Gao
- Institute of Higher Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Public Administration, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Center for Beijing Higher Education Development, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Institute of Higher Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Public Administration, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Center for Beijing Higher Education Development, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun-Lin Ji
- Institute of Higher Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Public Administration, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Center for Beijing Higher Education Development, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Qiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Tereshchenko SY. Neurobiological risk factors for problematic social media use as a specific form of Internet addiction: A narrative review. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:160-173. [PMID: 37303928 PMCID: PMC10251362 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Problematic social media use (PSMU) is a behavioral addiction, a specific form of problematic Internet use associated with the uncontrolled use of social networks. It is typical mostly for modern adolescents and young adults, which are the first generations fully grown up in the era of total digitalization of society. The modern biopsychosocial model of the formation of behavioral addictions, postulating the impact of a large number of biological, psychological, and social factors on addictive behavior formation, may be quite applicable to PSMU. In this narrative review, we discussed neurobiological risk factors for Internet addiction with a focus on current evidence on the association between PSMU and structural/ functional characteristics of the brain and autonomic nervous system, neurochemical correlations, and genetic features. A review of the literature shows that the vast majority of the mentioned neurobiological studies were focused on computer games addiction and generalized Internet addiction (without taking into account the consumed content). Even though a certain number of neuroimaging studies have been conducted for PSMU, there is practically no research on neuropeptide and genetic associations for PSMU to date. This fact points to the extremely high relevance of such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yu Tereshchenko
- Department of Child's Physical and Mental Health, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
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25
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Wang J, Hao QH, Peng W, Tu Y, Zhang L, Zhu TM. Relationship between smartphone addiction and eating disorders and lifestyle among Chinese college students. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1111477. [PMID: 37275494 PMCID: PMC10235600 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1111477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Smartphone addiction has been a matter of serious concern among society and parents because of its high incidence and serious negative effects. This study aimed to determine the association between smartphone addiction and eating disorders and lifestyle changes among college students. Methods The present article is a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 1,112 college students from several universities in Chengdu, China. The data were collected by using the Chinese version of the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). In addition, the information on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and smartphone use were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Results The prevalence of smartphone addiction among the students involved in the study was 22.6%, of which 10.4% were at risk for eating disorders. Female students had higher MPAI scores and EAT-26 scores than male students (p < 0.001). The proportion of male students with a risk of eating disorders was significantly higher than that of female students (p < 0.05). The total EAT-26 scores of students with smartphone addiction were higher than that of others (p < 0.001). The correlation analysis indicated that the MPAI scores were significantly positively correlated with the EAT-26 scores, depression and anxiety, difficulty in falling asleep at night, the frequency of eating fast food and drinking carbonated soft drink (p < 0.01). In addition, the MPAI scores were significantly negatively correlated with skipping breakfast and the frequency of physical activity (p < 0.05). Conclusion Smartphone addiction is significantly associated with eating disorders, eating habits, and lifestyle. The influence of dietary habits and lifestyle needs to be considered for the prevention and development of an intervention for smartphone addiction among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Hong Hao
- Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Tu
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Oncology Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-Min Zhu
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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26
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Screening for forms of problematic Internet usage. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2023.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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27
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Smartphone addiction and psychological distress among Vietnamese college students: cyber-victimization as a mediator and academic stress as a moderator. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/jpmh-08-2022-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of cyber-victimization (CV) and the moderating effect of academic stress (AS) in the link between smartphone addiction (SPA) and psychological distress (PD) among a sample of Vietnamese college students.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 423 college students participated in this study. Measures of SPA, CV, AS and PD were used for data collection. Using PROCESS macro software (Model 4 and Model 1) and the bootstrapping method, the author performed a mediation analysis and a moderation analysis.
Findings
Results indicated a significant mediating effect of CV in the link between SPA and PD. Moreover, this relationship was moderated by AS.
Originality/value
The findings could serve as a guide for future research and mental health professionals.
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28
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Shi Y, Shi M, Zhao Y, Liu C, Sui L, Zhao Z, Fan X. Relationships Among Smartphone Use, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Chinese College Students. Asia Pac J Public Health 2023; 35:145-153. [PMID: 36856201 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231158455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlations between smartphone use, physical activity, and quality of life (QOL) among Chinese college students. We enrolled 6323 students who were chosen from three Chinese universities. All participants completed the World Health Organization QOL Scale-Brief, Smartphone Addiction Index, and Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Smartphone addiction was negatively related to QOL (β = -1.375, 95% CI [-1.442, -1.306]), whereas physical activity was positively related to QOL (β = .059, 95% CI [0.047, 0.071]). The presence of both smartphone addiction and insufficient physical activity decreased QOL scores when compared with the group with sufficient physical activity and non-smartphone addiction (β = -36.505, 95% CI [-39.046, -33.964]). Physical activity and smartphone use are potentially modifiable risk factors for poor QOL in college students. Thus, interventions to decrease smartphone use and promote physical activity could be beneficial for improving QOL in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Shi
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Sui
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuhang Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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29
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Malaeb D, Loch AA, Farah N, Stambouli M, Cheour M, Obeid S, Hallit S. Problematic Smartphone Use Mediates the Pathway from Suicidal Ideation to Positive Psychotic Experiences: a Large Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36820017 PMCID: PMC9930705 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study followed the newly hypothesized "suicidal drive for psychosis" suggesting that psychosis may be consequential to suicidal ideation (SI) and behavior and attempted to explain parts of the pathway between these variables. To this end, we aimed to test whether problematic smartphone use (PSU) has an indirect mediating effect in the cross-sectional relationship between SI and positive psychotic experiences (PEs). Lebanese community young adults (N=4158; 64.4% females; mean age 21.91±3.79) have been invited to participate to a cross-sectional, web-based study in the period from June to September 2022. After adjusting for potential confounders (i.e., the living situation, marital status, household crowding index, economic pressure, cannabis use, other drugs use, and past history of mental illness other than psychosis), we found that higher levels of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with greater PSU, which was also positively and significantly associated with more positive PEs. Finally, greater suicidal ideation was significantly and directly associated with more positive PEs. Our findings suggest that SPU may be regarded as a potential target for prevention and intervention in psychosis. Clinicians, educators, and school administrators ought to give greater attention to PSU among vulnerable young people who present with SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexandre Andrade Loch
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM 27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nour Farah
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Manel Stambouli
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Majda Cheour
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478 Saudi Arabia
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
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30
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Precht LM, Mertens F, Brickau DS, Kramm RJ, Margraf J, Stirnberg J, Brailovskaia J. Engaging in physical activity instead of (over)using the smartphone: An experimental investigation of lifestyle interventions to prevent problematic smartphone use and to promote mental health. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36785655 PMCID: PMC9909154 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim Tendencies of problematic smartphone use (PSU) have risen during the past decade. As PSU is consistently linked to mental health issues, measures to prevent its appearance and to promote mental health are urgently required. Subject and Methods The present study investigated the impact of three interventions on health behavior, PSU, positive mental health (PMH), and depression and anxiety symptoms. Overall, 503 persons from Germany (M age = 29.19, SD age = 10.51, range: 18-79) participated in the study. Over 14 days, the three experimental groups (a) reduced their daily smartphone use time by 60 minutes, (b) increased their daily level of physical activity by 30 minutes, and (c) combined both measures. The control group continued its behavior as usual. Outcomes were assessed via online surveys at five measurement time points (baseline, intermediate, post-intervention, and 1 and 3 months after the intervention). Results All interventions resulted in a significant increase in weekly physical activity and in reduced symptoms of PSU, depression, and anxiety. Furthermore, the smartphone reduction and the combination of both measures contributed to a significant reduction of participants' daily smartphone use and higher levels of PMH. The effects of the reduction of smartphone use time and its combination with increased physical activity were more stable in the longer term than the increase in physical activity only. Conclusion Combined with an increase in physical activity, the reduction of smartphone use time could serve as an efficient and cost-effective measure for the prevention of PSU and the promotion of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena-Marie Precht
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Franziska Mertens
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Debora S. Brickau
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Romy J. Kramm
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Stirnberg
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
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31
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Zhang K, Guo H, Wang T, Zhang J, Yuan G, Ren J, Zhang X, Yang H, Lu X, Zhu Z, Du J, Shi H, Jin G, Hao J, Sun Y, Su P, Zhang Z. A bidirectional association between smartphone addiction and depression among college students: A cross-lagged panel model. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1083856. [PMID: 36761134 PMCID: PMC9902510 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1083856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphone addiction (SA) is associated with adverse consequences, especially for freshmen. Evidence indicates that SA is associated with depression, and it is necessary to conduct a longitudinal study to explore the association further. Methods SA (measured by the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version) and depression (measured by the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale) among 1,186 freshmen were surveyed at baseline and a respective 12-month follow-up for each participant. The application of a cross-lagged panel model approach (CLPM) revealed an association between SA and depression after adjusting for demographic variables. Results The CLPM results showed a significant path from baseline SA to follow-up depression (β = 0.08, P < 0.001) and a significant path from baseline depression to follow-up SA (β = 0.08, P < 0.001). Compared with the overall cross-lagged model, the cross-lagged coefficient of the path from baseline SA to follow-up depression increased in the female group (β = 0.10, P = 0.015), and the cross-lagged coefficient of the path from baseline depression to follow-up SA also increased significantly (β = 0.15, P < 0.001). In contrast, the cross-lagged model in the male group showed no predictive effect between SA and depression (P > 0.05). Conclusions The current study showed a significant bidirectional association between smartphone addiction and depression among freshmen, but only in the female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyun Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Jianghui Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guojing Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Ren
- The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guifang Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiahu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Zhihua Zhang ✉
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32
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Qiu H, Lu H, Pei J, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Xing C, Wang X, Zhu X. Effects of chronic stress on smartphone addiction: A moderated mediation model. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1048210. [PMID: 36741954 PMCID: PMC9895953 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1048210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Based on the compensatory Internet use theory and diathesis-stress model, the present study explores the effects of chronic stress on smartphone addiction (SPA). As intolerance of uncertainty and emotion-related variables are important factors that affect addictive behavior, we explore the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty and the moderating role of emotion differentiation. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey of 286 participants (13.64% female; M age = 22.88; SD = 3.77; range = 17-39) on chronic stress, SPA, intolerance of uncertainty, and emotion differentiation. SPSS 28.0 was used to analyze the descriptive statistics and correlations and test the moderated mediation model. Results We find that (1) intolerance of uncertainty, SPA, and chronic stress are positively correlated with each other. Positive emotion differentiation is positively correlated with intolerance of uncertainty and negative emotion differentiation. (2) Intolerance of uncertainty plays a mediating role in chronic stress and SPA. (3) Positive emotion differentiation significantly moderates the relationship between chronic stress and SPA. Under the condition of low positive emotion differentiation, chronic stress is more effective in predicting SPA. Discussion These findings may contribute to intervention and prevention programs for SPA. Thus, the intervention and prevention of SPA can start from two directions-reduce the intolerance of uncertainty and enhance the ability to experience positive emotion differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huake Qiu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Jiawei Pei
- Outpatient Department, 969 Hospital of PLA, Hohhot, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China,*Correspondence: Xia Zhu ✉
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Sun R, Li W, Lu S, Gao Q. Psychological needs satisfaction and smartphone addiction among Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of social anxiety and loneliness. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231203915. [PMID: 37808238 PMCID: PMC10559713 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231203915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although previous studies have initially noted that psychological needs satisfaction (PNS) might be a significant risk factor for technology addiction (e.g. online gaming addiction and Internet addiction), specific mechanisms involved in the association between PNS and adolescent smartphone addiction are largely unknown. Based on self-determination theory, this cross-sectional study constructed a multiple mediation model to examine whether PNS will influence adolescent smartphone addiction through the mediating roles of social anxiety and loneliness. Methods Eight hundred and ninety-nine Chinese adolescents answered the questionnaire including measures of PNS, social anxiety, loneliness, and smartphone addiction. SPSS 24.0 was used for common method bias test, reliability test, and correlation analysis, and Mplus 7.4 was used to examine the mediating roles of social anxiety and loneliness in the multiple mediation model. Results This study found that (1) PNS was negatively associated with adolescent smartphone addiction; (2) loneliness significantly mediated the association between PNS and smartphone addiction while the mediating role of social anxiety in this association was nonsignificant; and (3) social anxiety and loneliness also sequentially mediated this association. Conclusion This study further enriched potential mechanisms linking PNS and smartphone addiction among adolescents, which may contribute to intervention and prevention programs for adolescent smartphone addiction from the perspective of improving both PNS and negative emotions including social anxiety and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Sun
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanying Li
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sihan Lu
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiufeng Gao
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Adverse Effects of Smartphone Addiction among University Students in South Korea: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010014. [PMID: 36611474 PMCID: PMC9818487 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally there has been an exponential increase in the penetration of smartphones among the youth population and smartphones have become indispensable in the daily lives of university students in South Korea. Several studies have associated the problematic use of smartphones or addiction with different adverse outcomes. The goal of this study was to collate empirical evidence and provides an overall synthesis of the literature about the adverse effects of smartphone addiction on university students in South Korea. METHOD We carried out a systematic review of the published literature between August and October 2022 on the adverse effects of smartphone addiction on university students in South Korea, published between 2012 and 2022 in Pubmed/Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, Biomed-Central, Web of Science, Directory of Open Access Journals, Elsevier's collection, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink, Sage Journal's collection and Cochrane Library. RESULTS Thirty-four articles published between 2012 and 2022 were included in the synthesis of this review. Eight studies explored the association between smartphone addiction and the psychological and mental health of university students in Korea. Smartphone addiction was associated with physical health leading to sleep disorders and musculoskeletal and neurological problems. Academic performance, procrastination, impulsivity, self-esteem, reduced social interaction, solitude, and suicide were also negatively associated with smartphone addiction. CONCLUSIONS Our study adds to the literature regarding the adverse effects of smartphone addiction on university students in Korea and provides more information for addiction prevention and health promotion activities.
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Liu H, Novotný JS, Váchová L. The effect of mobile phone addiction on perceived stress and mediating role of ruminations: Evidence from Chinese and Czech university students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1057544. [PMID: 36600696 PMCID: PMC9806227 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1057544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rise in the capabilities of mobile devices and the associated increase in the proportion of time we spend on them has not only positive benefits but also several risks, including mobile phone addiction and its consequences. The complex mechanisms of the impact of this addiction on mental health, especially in a cross-cultural context, however, remain relatively unknown. The aim of this cross-cultural study was to investigate the mediating role of rumination on the association between mobile phone addiction and perceived stress. Methods A population of 358 Chinese and 282 Czech university students was tested using a battery of validated psychological tests that included a short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Ruminative Response Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Results The results showed significant cross-cultural differences with Czech students manifesting greater rumination (d = 0.79) and perceived stress (d = 0.42) and Chinese students showing greater mobile phone addiction (d = 1.01). Mediation analyses showed that the effect of mobile phone addiction on stress levels was mediated through the rumination in both populations (45.6% and 80.9% of the explained variance for Chinese and Czech students, respectively) and did not differ between the two countries (estimate of difference [95%CI] = -0.052[-0.166, 0.037], p = 0.27). In contrast, the significant direct effect of mobile phone addiction on perceived stress was only present in Chinese students, where it was marginally larger than the indirect effect. In Czech students, the direct effect was not manifested and the difference between countries was significant (estimate of difference [95%CI] = 0.242 [0.035, 0.413], p < 0.001). In all of the cases, the association between the variables was positive, i.e., as one grew, so did the other. Finally, a moderated-mediation analysis confirmed that country of origin significantly moderated only the direct relationship between mobile phone dependence and perceived stress (p = 0.002). Discussion These results suggest that the mechanism of interaction between excessive mobile phone use and perceived stress is culturally conditioned, which may limit the transferability of research findings in a global context and requires further cross-cultural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Liu
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Sebastian Novotný
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Translational Neuroscience and Aging Program, Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lucie Váchová
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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The predictive role of addiction to smartphones in the relationship of metacognitive problems and social media addiction with general belongingness and perceived stress in higher education students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ratan ZA, Parrish AM, Alotaibi MS, Hosseinzadeh H. Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and Its Association with Sociodemographic, Physical and Mental Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Young Adults of Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16583. [PMID: 36554468 PMCID: PMC9778917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Smartphones have made our lives easier and have become indispensable for everyday life; however, their uncontrolled and excessive use can trigger "smartphone addiction" (SA). SA is a rising public health issue, particularly among young people around the world. There is a dearth of empirical research about SA and its impacts on young adults, particularly in developing countries such as Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study is an attempt to fill this gap. The data were collected from 440 eligible young adults in Bangladesh using an online survey between July 2021 and February 2022. Study results revealed that 61.4% of the young adults were addicted to their smartphone. Logistic regression analysis showed that being male, aged ≤25, unemployed and living with a large family size (≥8) were the significant sociodemographic predictors of SA. Smartphone-addicted participants were more likely to be less physically active, suffer from insomnia, be overweight or obese and use their phones while driving, walking and eating. In addition, the SA group were more likely to have physical and mental well-being problems. This study brings to light significant implications for policy makers and indicates a need for an SA community awareness programme which aims to reduce SA at the societal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Anne-Maree Parrish
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Mohammad Saud Alotaibi
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department of Social Work, College of Social Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Hosseinzadeh
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Lin HM, Chang YT, Chen MH, Liu ST, Chen BS, Li L, Lee CY, Sue YR, Sung TM, Sun CK, Yeh PY. Structural and Functional Neural Correlates in Individuals with Excessive Smartphone Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16277. [PMID: 36498362 PMCID: PMC9739413 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite known association of internet addiction with a reduced brain volume and abnormal connectivity, the impact of excessive smartphone use remains unclear. Methods: PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrial.gov, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to July 2022 using appropriate keywords for observational studies comparing differences in brain volumes and activations between excessive smartphone users and individuals with regular use by magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Of the 11 eligible studies retrieved from 6993 articles initially screened, seven and six evaluated brain volumes and activations, respectively. The former enrolled 421 participants (165 excessive smartphone users vs. 256 controls), while the latter recruited 276 subjects with 139 excessive smartphone users. The results demonstrated a smaller brain volume in excessive smartphone users compared to the controls (g = −0.55, p < 0.001), especially in subcortical regions (p < 0.001). Besides, the impact was more pronounced in adolescents than in adults (p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between impulsivity and volume reduction. Regarding altered activations, the convergences of foci in the declive of the posterior lobe of cerebellum, the lingual gyrus, and the middle frontal gyrus were noted. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated a potential association of excessive smartphone use with a reduced brain volume and altered activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Man Lin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Chang
- School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83300, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Tsen Liu
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Shen Chen
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Sue
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Mei Sung
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yang Yeh
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Clinical Psychology Center, Asia University Hospital, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Tateno M, Kato TA. Personality traits of female vocational school students in Japan with smartphone addiction with comorbid modern-type depression traits. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:675-676. [PMID: 36082827 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tateno
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokiwa Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Indulging in Smartphones in Times of Stress: A Moderated Mediation Model of Experiential Avoidance and Trait Mindfulness. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12120485. [PMID: 36546968 PMCID: PMC9774252 DOI: 10.3390/bs12120485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have shown that perceived stress is positively related to problematic smartphone use, knowledge of mediating and moderating mechanisms underpinning this relationship is quite limited. In this study, we explored whether experiential avoidance mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone use and whether trait mindfulness moderated this mediating process. A total of 763 Chinese college students completed the measures of perceived stress, experiential avoidance, problematic smartphone use, and trait mindfulness. The results indicate that perceived stress was positively related to problematic smartphone use and this relation was partially mediated by experiential avoidance. Furthermore, moderated mediation analysis showed that trait mindfulness moderated the linkage between perceived stress and problematic smartphone use via experiential avoidance. This link became weaker for college students with higher levels of trait mindfulness. The results highlight the value of identifying the underlying mechanisms between perceived stress and college students' problematic smartphone use.
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41
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Glued to your phone? Generation Z's smartphone addiction and online compulsive buying. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu D, Liu X, Long Y, Xiang Z, Wu Z, Liu Z, Bian D, Tang S. Problematic smartphone use is associated with differences in static and dynamic brain functional connectivity in young adults. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1010488. [PMID: 36340758 PMCID: PMC9635624 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1010488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the possible associations between problematic smartphone use and brain functions in terms of both static and dynamic functional connectivity patterns. Materials and methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were scanned from 53 young healthy adults, all of whom completed the Short Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV) to assess their problematic smartphone use severity. Both static and dynamic functional brain network measures were evaluated for each participant. The brain network measures were correlated the SAS-SV scores, and compared between participants with and without a problematic smartphone use after adjusting for sex, age, education, and head motion. Results Two participants were excluded because of excessive head motion, and 56.9% (29/51) of the final analyzed participants were found to have a problematic smartphone use (SAS-SV scores ≥ 31 for males and ≥ 33 for females, as proposed in prior research). At the global network level, the SAS-SV score was found to be significantly positively correlated with the global efficiency and local efficiency of static brain networks, and negatively correlated with the temporal variability using the dynamic brain network model. Large-scale subnetwork analyses indicated that a higher SAS-SV score was significantly associated with higher strengths of static functional connectivity within the frontoparietal and cinguloopercular subnetworks, as well as a lower temporal variability of dynamic functional connectivity patterns within the attention subnetwork. However, no significant differences were found when directly comparing between the groups of participants with and without a problematic smartphone use. Conclusion Our results suggested that problematic smartphone use is associated with differences in both the static and dynamic brain network organizations in young adults. These findings may help to identify at-risk population for smartphone addiction and guide targeted interventions for further research. Nevertheless, it might be necessary to confirm our findings in a larger sample, and to investigate if a more applicable SAS-SV cutoff point is required for defining problematic smartphone use in young Chinese adults nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yicheng Long
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhibiao Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dujun Bian
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shixiong Tang
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Nowak M, Rachubińska K, Starczewska M, Kupcewicz E, Szylińska A, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Grochans E. Correlations between Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Depressiveness and Daytime Sleepiness, as Well as Perceived Social Support in Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13549. [PMID: 36294125 PMCID: PMC9603194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) The aim of this study was to estimate the scale of mobile phone addiction among young adults as well as to establish whether the low level of perceived social support is related to problematic smartphone use, and whether an addictive pattern of mobile phone use is related to the prevalence of depressiveness and excessive daytime sleepiness. (2) The study was carried out using the diagnostic poll method via the questionnaire technique. Both the author's own questionnaire and the following standardized research tools were used: the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale for Adolescents (MPPUSA), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). (3) Perceived social support was significantly lower in the group of respondents who problematically used their mobile phones in comparison with the ones who used them in a proper way. Severity of depressive symptoms and daytime sleepiness was significantly higher in respondents addicted to their mobiles compared to nonaddicted ones. (4) Conclusions: An important correlation between phone addiction and the prevalence of depressive symptoms and excessive daytime sleepiness exists. Problematic mobile phone use concerns individuals with low levels of perceived social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nowak
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Rachubińska
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Starczewska
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kupcewicz
- Department of Nursing, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 14 C Zolnierska Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szylińska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
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Abo-Ali EA, Al-Ghanmi A, Hadad H, Etaiwi J, Bhutta K, Hadad N, Almilaibary A, Ghareeb WA, Sanad A, Zaytoun S. Problematic Smartphone Use: Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Health Sciences Students in Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2022; 43:659-671. [PMID: 35838936 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive smartphone use leads to several physical and psychological disorders, particularly among young adults. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the associated factors of problematic smartphone use (PSU) among health sciences students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. During the 2019 academic year, a cross-sectional analytic study randomly recruited 408 health sciences students (67.5% were females), with a mean age of 20.5 ± 1.42. Data on sociodemographic and health profiles, smartphone usage patterns, and overuse symptoms were collected for each participant. The Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale were used to assess PSU and anxiety levels. PSU was detected in 66.9% of the study participants. The prevalence is high among both females and males (69.5 and 61.7%, respectively). PSU was found to be associated with more years of use and frequent smartphone upgrading (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.97) and (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.65), respectively (p = 0.021 and 0.021, respectively). Participants with moderate and severe anxiety levels were found to be more likely to have PSU (aOR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.21, 4.05) and (aOR = 5.97, 95% CI: 2.41, 14.78), respectively. (p = 0.010 and < 0.001, respectively). PSU is an emerging problem among health sciences students in Saudi Arabia with a high prevalence in both genders. Longer years of use, more frequent smartphone upgrades, and higher anxiety levels are associated with PSU among health sciences students. Special health education and psychological support programs are recommended to guide and support future healthcare providers against the consequences of PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Abo-Ali
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
- Community Medicine Department, Medicine Program, Batterjee Health Sciences College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amal Al-Ghanmi
- Final Year Student, Medicine Program, Batterjee Health Sciences College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajar Hadad
- Final Year Student, Medicine Program, Batterjee Health Sciences College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumanah Etaiwi
- Final Year Student, Medicine Program, Batterjee Health Sciences College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kainat Bhutta
- Final Year Student, Medicine Program, Batterjee Health Sciences College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa Hadad
- Final Year Student, Medicine Program, Batterjee Health Sciences College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesssam A Ghareeb
- Neuro-Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Sanad
- Neuro-Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Sameh Zaytoun
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of South Valley, Qena, Egypt
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Psychological Morbidities Associated With Excessive Usage of Smartphones Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e30756. [PMID: 36447680 PMCID: PMC9700485 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults have progressively become smartphone and internet-dependent. Its addiction is affecting them mentally and physically. Due to its overutilization, it is causing a detrimental effect on them. These dilemmas need to be acknowledged. Furthermore, the goal is to reduce overutilization and overreliance, and the task is to reduce the heavy toll on their mental and psychological condition. We need to review the evidence linking smartphone and social media use with psychological morbidities among adolescents and young adults. The aim of this study is to summarize the present situation and the correlation between smartphones and mental health. Cognitive, emotional difficulties, poor cognitive function, impulsivity, shyness, social networking addiction, low self-esteem, and some medical issues like insomnia, anxiety, depression, and a lack of cognitive control have been linked to excessive smartphone use.
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Zhong Y, Ma H, Liang YF, Liao CJ, Zhang CC, Jiang WJ. Prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students: A meta-analysis of multinational observational studies. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1171-1183. [PMID: 35422151 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221089535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students may contribute to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. AIM To estimate the prevalence of smartphone addiction, and explore the influencing factors and related mental health symptoms of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE were searched for relevant literature from the inception to September 10, 2021. Using Stata software 11.0, the meta-analysis of prevalence and the influencing factors of smartphone addiction were determined with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Nineteen articles, published between 2014 and 2019, were included, producing medical student studies from seven different Asian countries. The included studies were conducted in India (n = 11) and Malaysia (n = 3), with China, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Nepal, and Iran each contributing one study. Among a total of 5,497 medical students, the participants included 3,214 females, of whom 2,181 were medical students with smartphone addiction. The prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students was 41.93% (95% CI [36.24%, 47.72%]). The influencing factors of smartphone addiction among medical students included gender, duration of smartphone use, smartphone function, and marital status. Ten studies (52.63%) explored related mental health symptoms of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students. Smartphone addiction was positively correlated with poor sleep quality (r = .17-.31), stress (r = .30-.40), anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and general health among Asian medical students. CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction is highly prevalent among Asian medical students. Smartphone addiction may adversely affect mental health, resulting in sleep disturbance, stress, anxiety, depression, and neuroticism. It is necessary to take appropriate precautionary actions and interventions to prevent smartphone overuse among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhong
- Nursing Department, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Nursing Department, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Fen Liang
- Nursing Department, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang-Ju Liao
- Nursing Department, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Cui-Cui Zhang
- Nursing Department, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Jiang
- Nursing Department, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
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Feng Z, Diao Y, Ma H, Liu M, Long M, Zhao S, Wu H, Wang Y. Mobile phone addiction and depression among Chinese medical students: the mediating role of sleep quality and the moderating role of peer relationships. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:567. [PMID: 35999533 PMCID: PMC9396829 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature has shown that mobile phone addiction is an important risk factor for depression. However, the internal mechanisms of mobile phone addiction leading to depression are still not clear. This study examined the mediating role of sleep quality and moderating role of peer relationships in the association between mobile phone addiction and depression. A sample of 450 Chinese medical students were recruited to complete measures of mobile phone addiction, depression, sleep quality and peer relationships. In this study, SPSS 25.0 and macro PROCESS were used to conduct statistical analysis on the collected data. The results showed that sleep quality partially mediated the association between mobile phone addiction and depression. Moreover, the effect of sleep quality on depression was moderated by peer relationships. The present study can advance our understanding of how and when mobile phone addiction leads to depression. Limitations and implications of this study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Feng
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122 PR China
| | - Yucong Diao
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122 PR China
| | - Hongfei Ma
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122 PR China
| | - Minghui Liu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122 PR China
| | - Meijun Long
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122 PR China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122 PR China
| | - Hui Wu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122 PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
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Kashif RF, Rashad MA, Said AMA, Rabie MAEM, Gomaa WA. Ultrasound biomicroscopy study of accommodative state in Smartphone abusers. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:330. [PMID: 35922842 PMCID: PMC9347154 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Addiction to Smartphone usage has psychological and physical impacts. However, the state of spasm of accommodation is unclear in Smartphone abusers. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study among adults aged 18–35 years between October 2016 and December 2018. Forty participants were Smartphone abusers according to the Smartphone addiction questionnaire, and 40 participants were non users. We measured auto refraction precycloplegia and postcycloplegia at far for all participants to evaluate the state of spasm of accommodation. We assessed the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) parameters including anterior chamber angle (ACA). Results There was a significant difference in the odds of having spasm of accommodation between Smartphone abusers compared to non-users (OR = 6.64, 95% CI = 1.73–25.47; adjusted OR = 14.63, 95% CI = 2.99–71.62). The Smartphone abusers and non-users groups had a superior ACA median of 30.45° ± 8.3° vs. 26.75° ± 6.6° (P = 0.04) precycloplegia at far and 31.70° ± 11.8° vs. 31.45° ± 8.3° (P = 0.15) postcycloplegia at far, respectively, demonstrated by the Mann-Whitney U test. There was significant higher difference in the precycloplegic nasal ACA at far in the Smartphone abusers group than the non-users group (mean precycloplegic nasal ACA difference = 3.57°, 95% CI = 0.76° - 6.37°), demonstrated by the independent t test. Similarly, there was significant higher difference in the postcycloplegic nasal ACA at far (mean postcycloplegic nasal ACA difference = 4.26°, 95% CI = 1.33° - 7.19°). Conclusions Smartphone abusers are in a condition of accommodation spasm. As a result, cycloplegic refraction should be done for Smartphone abusers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-022-02557-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Farouk Kashif
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Wael Adel Gomaa
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Jonnatan L, Seaton CL, Rush KL, Li EPH, Hasan K. Mobile Device Usage before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Rural and Urban Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148231. [PMID: 35886082 PMCID: PMC9315523 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Technology has played a critical role during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite affording a safe way for people to connect with others, the potential for problematic device usage (e.g., overuse, addiction) should be considered. The goal of this study was to examine mobile device use during the COVID-19 pandemic among rural and urban people in Canada. Based on an online survey conducted in the summer of 2021 in British Columbia (n = 465), participants self-reported spending more hours per day (M = 8.35 h) using technology during the pandemic compared to prior (M = 6.02 h), with higher increases among urban participants (p < 0.001). Mobile device usage scores were highest for reasons of social connectedness and productivity, with no rural/urban differences; however, urban participants reported higher use of mobile devices for their mental well-being (p = 0.001), but also reported higher, continuous use (p < 0.001), addiction (p < 0.001), and detrimental impacts on their physical health (p < 0.001) compared to rural participants. Because urban participants were more vulnerable to mobile device overuse and addiction during the pandemic, researchers and policy makers should consider the ongoing role and positive/negative impacts of mobile device use, paying particular attention to urban populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Jonnatan
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | - Cherisse L. Seaton
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (C.L.S.); (K.L.R.)
| | - Kathy L. Rush
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (C.L.S.); (K.L.R.)
| | - Eric P. H. Li
- Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | - Khalad Hasan
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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Anxiety, Addiction to Social Networks, Internet and Smartphones in Paraguayan Adolescents: A Brief Report. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2022; 10:58-63. [PMID: 35836475 PMCID: PMC9238431 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several authors have pointed out that the use of smartphones might have an impact on mental health in general. Most of the evidences are focused on the incorrect or overblown use of smartphones, videogame or Internet, particularly focusing on related addiction problems among adolescents. Objective The present study, although preliminary, aims to report the first evidence in Paraguay regarding the association between anxiety and addiction to social networks/internet as well as the use of smartphones among adolescents. Method Participants (100 adolescents, aged 12- 17 years old) were assessed in a school setting with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Scale of risk of Addiction to Social Networks and Internet for adolescents (ERA-RSI). Categorical variables and associations were statistically assessed. Results The average smartphone use in boys rated 8.06 ±3.81 hours and in girls 9.46 ±4.4 hours. The BAI mean score was 20.71 ± 13.2. Of the participants, 27% reported moderate anxiety, and 36% severe anxiety and scores on this scale were not associated with hours of smartphone use. The ERA-RSI mean score was 1.94 ± 0.46 and anxiety was related to the symptoms-addiction, social-use, and nomophobia dimensions of the scale. Conclusion The misuse of smartphones in the Paraguayan pediatric population has been reported to be closely related to anxious symptoms. Our results suggest further research with an impact on possible public health policies aimed at preserving the mental health of children and adolescents exposed to internet and electronic devices.
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