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Khan YS, Alsrhani A, Kaneez S, Fatima M, Iqbal K, Alruwaili M, Farhana A. Synergy between psychological impact and biochemical manifestation of stress among the COVID-19 pandemic-affected population. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2024; 18:46-57. [PMID: 38974651 PMCID: PMC11226940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries around the world experienced an unprecedented increase in stress in the general population. Even after normal life has been reestablished, the new normal is punctuated by severely impacted vulnerable groups. Stress-associated symptoms display an intricate relationship with biochemical modulations, which coordinate the stress response. Identifying these biochemical factors is inherent to deciphering the mode of treatment needed to diminish the health-care gap resulting from the pandemic. Methods We applied psychological measures using the perceived stress (PS) and COVID-19 anxiety (CA) scales and preventive health behavior (PHB) to evaluate stress in the general population. Biochemical markers of stress, that is, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), cortisol, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were tested in the serum samples of the participants. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0. Results Stress scores for PS, CA, and PHB indicate the prevalence of moderate-to-high stress among participants, and a correlation between psychological stress and biochemical correlates, TAC, TBARS, cortisol, and CRP. Serum concentrations of TBARS, Cortisol, and CRP were found to be significantly increased, while the TAC was decreased across all stress types and levels. Our findings demonstrate a positive correlation between PS, CA, PHB TBARS, cortisol, and CRP and a strong negative correlation with TAC. Conclusion The results of this study will help in tailoring targeted interventions and preventive regimes to mitigate COVID-19-associated anxiety and stress disorders prevailing even after the actual pandemic has subsided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Saleem Khan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Kaneez
- Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahvish Fatima
- Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Surgery, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muharib Alruwaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
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Al Maqbali M, Alsayed A, Hughes C, Hacker E, Dickens GL. Stress, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance among healthcare professional during the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review of 72 meta-analyses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302597. [PMID: 38722888 PMCID: PMC11081353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has significantly impacted the psychological and physical health of a wide range of individuals, including healthcare professionals (HCPs). This umbrella review aims provide a quantitative summary of meta-analyses that have investigated the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance among HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses reviews was conducted. The search was performed using the EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases from 01st January 2020 to 15th January 2024. A random-effects model was then used to estimate prevalence with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analyses were then conducted to explore the heterogeneity of the sample. Seventy-two meta-analyses involved 2,308 primary studies were included after a full-text review. The umbrella review revealed that the pooled prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance among HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic was 37% (95% CI 32.87-41.22), 31.8% (95% CI 29.2-34.61) 29.4% (95% CI 27.13-31.84) 36.9% (95% CI 33.78-40.05) respectively. In subgroup analyses the prevalence of anxiety and depression was higher among nurses than among physicians. Evidence from this umbrella review suggested that a significant proportion of HCPs experienced stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance during the COVID-19 pandemic. This information will support authorities when implementing specific interventions that address mental health problems among HCPs during future pandemics or any other health crises. Such interventions may include the provision of mental health support services, such as counseling and peer support programs, as well as the implementation of organizational strategies to reduce workplace stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Alsayed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jorden
| | - Ciara Hughes
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Hacker
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey L. Dickens
- Midwifery and Health Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Mental Health Nursing Department of Nursing, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- Adjunct Professor Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
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3
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Ghasempour S, Abbasi A, Basirinezhad MH, Dadgari A, Ebrahimi H. Relationship between resilience and self-efficacy among Iranian nurses: a cross-sectional study during the post-Corona era. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:243. [PMID: 38622581 PMCID: PMC11020472 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience and self-efficacy play an influential role in nurses' clinical performance, which are considered resources for improving adaptability and promoting work engagement. This study aimed to determine the relationship between resilience and self-efficacy among nurses at Shahroud University of Medical Sciences hospitals during the post-Corona era. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 nurses in all clinical departments. Nurses with a bachelor of science in nursing or higher degree and at least one year of full-time work experience were included in the study using a convenience sampling method. Participants completed a three-part tool, which included the demographic information form, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests (multivariate linear regression using the backward method). RESULTS In this study, nurses reported low levels of resilience (63.64 ± 15.66) and high levels of self-efficacy (63.01 ± 9.57). Among the five resilience subscales, the highest mean item score was associated with "spiritual influences" (2.80 out of 4), while the lowest mean item score was associated with "trust in one's instincts and tolerance of negative affect" (2.36 out of 4). Furthermore, the multivariate linear regression model results indicated that self-efficacy accounted for 33.6% of the variance in resilience (P < 0.001 and β = 0.952). CONCLUSION According to the results of the present study, it is suggested that nurses' psychological capabilities, such as self-efficacy, should be increased to improve resilience and address the stressful conditions of the work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghasempour
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Dadgari
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Chaabane S, Chaabna K, Khawaja S, Aboughanem J, Mittal D, Mamtani R, Cheema S. Sleep disorders and associated factors among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4656. [PMID: 38409132 PMCID: PMC10897338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances like poor and insufficient sleep are common among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries; however, the extent of medically defined sleep disorders (SDs) remains unclear. This meta-analysis determines SD prevalence and identifies associated factors among medical students in the MENA. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and reference lists of included studies were searched (latest search: June 2022). Meta-analyses included 22 studies and were performed using random-effect models. Included studies used self-reported screening tools for assessing SDs and then estimated the proportion of participants at high risk of developing a SD. Central disorders of hypersomnolence were the most prevalent SD [prevalencepooled range: 30.9% (Jordan) to 62.5% (Saudi Arabia)], followed by insomnia disorders [prevalencepooled range: 30.4% (Jordan) to 59.1% (Morocco)], circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders [prevalencepooled range: 13.5% (Jordan) to 22.4% (Saudi Arabia)], sleep-related breathing disorders [prevalencepooled range: 12.2% (Jordan) to 22.5% (Pakistan)], sleep-related movement disorders [prevalencepooled range: 5.9% (Egypt) to 30.6% (Saudi Arabia)], and parasomnias [prevalencepooled range: 5.6% (Jordan) to 17.4% (Saudi Arabia)]. Female sex, studying in the latter academic years, having anxiety, excessive internet use, and poor academic performance were significantly associated with SDs. SDs are prevalent among MENA medical students. Implementing student-centered interventions targeting high risk groups in medical schools should be considered to improve students' health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chaabane
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Karima Chaabna
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salina Khawaja
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jasmine Aboughanem
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dhruv Mittal
- Intern, Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Mamtani
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sohaila Cheema
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
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Vicente-Gabriel S, Lugones-Sánchez C, Tamayo-Morales O, Vicente Prieto A, González-Sánchez S, Conde Martín S, Gómez-Sánchez M, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, García-Ortiz L, Gómez-Sánchez L, Gómez-Marcos MA. Relationship between addictions and obesity, physical activity and vascular aging in young adults (EVA-Adic study): a research protocol of a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1322437. [PMID: 38344236 PMCID: PMC10853417 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1322437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Behavioral and substance addictions are prevalent health problems that, alongside obesity, are linked to reduced physical activity and increased sedentary time. Similarly, arterial stiffness and vascular aging are processes that begin gradually at an early age and are closely associated with morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The main objective of this study is to analyze how addictions are related to obesity and body fat distribution, physical activity, sedentary time, arterial stiffness and vascular aging, as well as sleep quality, cognitive function and gender differences in young adults aged between 18 and 34 years. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive observational study will analyze data from 500 subjects (250 men and 250 women) aged 18-34 without cardiovascular disease, selected by simple random sampling with replacement from the urban population of the city center of Salamanca (34,044 people aged 18-34, with 18,450 women and 15,594 men). Behavioral and substance addictions, as well as sleep quality and cognitive impairment will be assessed using questionnaires. The Pittisburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) will be used to measure sleep quality and the Ford questionnaire will be used to measure insomnia in response to stress. For obesity, weight, height, waist and hip circumference, body composition will be measured with the Inbody 230® impedance meter. For physical activity and sedentary time, we will use the Actigraph® accelerometer alongside the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Marshall questionnaire. The Sphygmocor System® will be used for pulse wave analysis and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), while the Vasera VS-2000® will measure cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Vascular aging will be calculated with the 10th and 90th percentiles of cfPWV or baPWV. Demographic, analytical variables will be collected, as will data to assess vascular, cardiac, renal, and brain injury. Discussion Addictions are on the rise in today's society, affecting the mental health and well-being of those who suffer from them, generating important social problems such as job loss, family dysfunction, debt and social isolation. Together with obesity, they are prevalent health problems in young adults and are associated with lower physical activity and higher sedentary time. Meanwhile, arterial stiffness and vascular aging are processes that begin gradually at an early age and determine morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases. The results of this project will allow us to understand the situation regarding behavioral and substance addictions in young adults. Better understanding of these addictions will in turn facilitate the development of more effective prevention strategies and intervention programs, which can then reduce the negative impact at both the individual and societal levels. Clinical trial registration [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05819840].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente-Gabriel
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Intensive Care Unit, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Lugones-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Olaya Tamayo-Morales
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Vicente Prieto
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana González-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Conde Martín
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Home Hospitalization Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leticia Gómez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Emergency Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Gómez-Marcos
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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González-Hijón J, Kähler AK, Frans EM, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Sullivan PF, Fang F, Lovik A. Unravelling the link between sleep and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress Health 2023; 39:828-840. [PMID: 36649144 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 brought unparalleled changes in people's lifestyle, including sleep. We aimed to assess the bidirectional association between sleep quality and mental health and describe how sleep and mental health were affected in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic (between June 2020 and September 2021). Data were obtained from the Omtanke2020 study. Participants who completed the baseline survey and each of the 8 monthly follow-up surveys were included (N = 9035). We described the distribution of sleep and mental health in the different Swedish regions using maps and over the study period with longitudinal graphs adjusting for sex, age, recruitment type (self-recruitment or invitation), and COVID-19 status. The inner relationships between mental health, sleep and Covid infection were described through relative importance networks. Finally, we modelled how mental health affects sleep and vice versa using generalized estimating equations with different adjustments. Seasonal and north-south regional variations were found in sleep and mental health outcomes at baseline and attenuated over time. The seasonal variation of sleep and mental health correlated moderately with the incidence rate of COVID-19 in the sample. Networks indicate that the relationship between COVID-19 incidence and mental health varies over time. We observed a bidirectional relationship between sleep quality and quantity at baseline and mental health at follow-up and vice versa. Sleep quality and quantity at baseline was associated with adverse symptom trajectories of mental health at follow-up, and vice versa, during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was also a weak relationship between COVID-19 incidence, sleep, and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna K Kähler
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Emma M Frans
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Center of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anikó Lovik
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Moya-Salazar J, Chiu-Higa E, Jaime-Quispe A, Cañari B, Moya-Espinoza JG, Contreras-Pulache H. Quality of life in families under quarantine: a cross-sectional study in seven countries during the first outbreak of COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1238569. [PMID: 37732081 PMCID: PMC10508986 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1238569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted human well-being worldwide in unforeseen ways. In early 2020, the spread of the virus left its mark on every affected country, impacting mental health by limiting daily activities and causing fatalities amidst public health strategies to mitigate its impact. The influence of COVID-19 on the quality of life (QoL) may vary between countries, underscoring the need to examine its effects on individuals and families during the mandatory home quarantine. We aimed to assess the QoL of individuals and families during home isolation by COVID-19 lockdown. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2020. We included adult partners (≥18 years) of families from Brazil, Colombia, Spain, Japan, Peru, Russia, and Venezuela. Using the 26-item World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire we assess the impact of COVID-19 on their partner/family member's QoL. Results The survey was completed by 466 participants (mean age = 38.59 ± 13.75 years; females = 298) and 76% worked mostly as health professionals from South America (69.2%), Europe (18.4%), and Asia (12.4%). The WHOQOL-BREF mean score from 38.38 ± 11.55 (range = 22.8-43.4). The average quality of life in South America (41.9 ± 1.2) was significantly higher than that of European countries (30.9 ± 11.5) (p = 0.002). The social relations dimension was the only one with values close to 100 (mean = 83.3) in 6/7 evaluated countries, where only Spain had a low score (41 ± 33.12). Women had a slightly lower quality of life than men, but it was not significant (40.2 ± 8.8 vs. 41.5 ± 9.9, p = 0.354), while we found differences in the overall QoL between young and older, and by employment type (p < 0.05). According to family structure, we found differences on QoL between nuclear and siblings' families (p = 0.024). Conclusion Families from seven countries of three continents reported poor QoL during the first outbreak of COVID-19. The pandemic scenario has dramatically weakened the QoL in 3/4 dimensions, where social relationships have remained high. It is important to fully address the impact of this reduced QoL on families after several waves of infection and to provide comprehensive support in the post-COVID future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Moya-Salazar
- Faculties of Health Science, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Erika Chiu-Higa
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, Lima, Peru
| | - Alexis Jaime-Quispe
- Qualitative Unit, Nesh Hubbs, Lima, Peru
- Digital Transformation Center, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Betsy Cañari
- Qualitative Unit, Nesh Hubbs, Lima, Peru
- Digital Transformation Center, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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Zhang Y, Ma J, Xu Q, Rong Y, Lu S, Wang Z. Effects of sleep duration, perceived organisational support and personal resilience on anxiety in non-hospitalised residents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study in Ningbo, China. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073648. [PMID: 37607791 PMCID: PMC10445373 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the association between sleep duration, perceived organisational support (POS), personal resilience and anxiety among non-hospitalised residents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ningbo, China. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was conducted from 27 January 2023 to 5 February 2023, involving non-hospitalised residents over 14 years old in Ningbo. We received 1938 valid responses. The study used the General Demographic Characteristics Scale, the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale, Brief Resilient Coping Scale and the POS questionnaire. RESULTS Among the 1938 valid questionnaires, 1068 (55.1%) participants reported anxiety. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high organisational support (β=-0.34, adjusted OR (aOR) 0.71, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.98, p=0.038), moderate resilience (β=-0.26, aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.95, p=0.013), high resilience (β=-0.67, aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.73, p<0.001) and sleep duration of ≥7 hours (β=-1.00, aOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.49, p<0.001) were significantly associated with anxiety. Participant characteristics were not associated with anxiety. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, organisational support, personal resilience and adequate sleep duration were associated with anxiety among non-hospitalised residents. These findings highlight the importance of increasing organisational support, implementing interventions that promote resilience and stress management, ensuring sufficient rest and sleep duration, and helping residents better manage anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Nursing, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qihang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuezheng Rong
- Department of Nursing, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shunshun Lu
- Department of Infection, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhengzheng Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
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9
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Moya-Salazar J, Jaime-Quispe A, Cañari B, Moya-Espinoza JG, Contreras-Pulache H. A systematic review of mental health in rural Andean populations in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1136328. [PMID: 37663592 PMCID: PMC10470633 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1136328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has been causing mental health problems around the world, with rural and indigenous peoples likely to be the most affected. This systematic review synthesizes and critically analyzes the existing literature on mental disorders in the rural Andean population in Latin America. Methods A systematic review with narrative synthesis was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. We searched nine databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scielo, LILACS, and Latindex), five public prepublication servers (SocArXiv, medRxiv, bioRxiv, SportRXiv, and Preprints), ALICIA, and Google Scholar for articles that included the analysis of mental health problems using data collected from the rural Andean population in Latin America. These were eligible for inclusion. Articles that included Non-Latin American populations (including European or African migrants) and studies conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (since the declaration of national lockdown) were excluded. Results A total of 23,761 articles were retrieved, 14 of which met the inclusion requirements. Most were cross-sectional (n = 12) and related to anxiety (n = 9), depression (n = 8), and stress (n = 5). The mental health analysis of 5,976 rural dwellers from four countries in Latin America also included gray literature studies (n = 7) that allowed the quantification of mental health problems in adults (n = 7) and adolescents/children (n = 4). Only one study was multinational, and the quality of publications varied. Despite the high frequency of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms among rural Latin American populations during COVID-19, published research is very limited. This review found preliminary evidence that the frequency of anxiety (45%), depression (27.6%), and stress (33.1%) in the rural population was associated with pandemic restrictions across countries. Measures of other psychiatric problems, such as distress or suicidal ideation, cannot be estimated. Conclusion Regional-wide studies investigating changes in the frequency of symptoms of mental health problems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are warranted to inform culturally adapted prevention strategies. This study is limited to a narrative synthesis and may be subject to publication bias. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=320489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Moya-Salazar
- Faculties of Health Science, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Alexis Jaime-Quispe
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
- Qualitative Unit, Nesh Hubbs, Lima, Peru
| | - Betsy Cañari
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Hans Contreras-Pulache
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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10
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Domènech-Abella J, Gabarrell-Pascuet A, García-Mieres H, Mortier P, Felez-Nobrega M, Cristóbal-Narváez P, Vilagut G, Olaya B, Alonso J, Haro JM. Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115327. [PMID: 37413806 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aims to investigate the courses of loneliness following a national state of emergency including a curfew due to a rise in COVID-19 cases, associated risk factors, and the effect of loneliness on symptoms of depression and anxiety. METHODS Data of 2,000 adults in Spain which were interviewed by telephone at the first follow-up of the MINDCOVID project (February-March 2021) and of whom 953 were interviewed nine months later (November-December 2021) were analyzed. Group-based trajectories and mixed models were constructed. RESULTS Three courses of loneliness were detected: (1) invariant low loneliness (42.6%), (2) decreasing medium loneliness (51.5%), and (3) fairly invariant high loneliness (5.9%). Loneliness courses were associated with the severity and variability of symptoms of depression and anxiety. In contrast to the majority of pre-pandemic studies, younger adults more frequently reported loneliness compared to middle-aged and, particularly, older individuals. Other risk factors for loneliness were being female, being unmarried, and, notably, having pre-pandemic mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should validate whether the newly observed loneliness patterns across age groups persist and assess the evolution of loneliness courses and their impact on mental health, with particular attention given to young adults and individuals with pre-existing mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Domènech-Abella
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aina Gabarrell-Pascuet
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena García-Mieres
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippe Mortier
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Felez-Nobrega
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Cristóbal-Narváez
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Mud Shukri MI, Minhat HS, Ahmad N, Ismail F, Kanthavelu C, Nurfarahin D, Ghazali WSW, Mohd Zulkefli NA. Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288618. [PMID: 37471310 PMCID: PMC10358990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe impacts on mental health status worldwide. Several studies have investigated the prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in different countries, however, a systematic review on the research topic during COVID-19 is presently lacking in Malaysia's context. To fill this gap, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Sagepub, CINAHL, Psychology, and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched for relevant studies. A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review. METHODS To fill this gap, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Sagepub, CINAHL, Psychology, and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched for relevant studies. A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review. RESULTS The analyses showed that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress ranged from 14.3% to 81.7%, 8.0% to 81.7%, and 0.9% to 56.5% respectively. Adult populations demonstrated the highest prevalence of depression, whereas university students reported the highest prevalence of anxiety and stress. Several factors were associated with mental health conditions including age, gender, family income, and perception of COVID-19. CONCLUSION Differentials in mental health screening practices call for standardised screening practices. Mental health intervention should be targeted at high-risk populations with effective risk communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikhwan Mud Shukri
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ahmad
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chandramalar Kanthavelu
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dina Nurfarahin
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Syahirah Wan Ghazali
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Zhang SX, Kowalczuk K. Editorial: New evidence on the psychological impacts and consequences of COVID-19 on mental workload healthcare workers in diverse regions in the world. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1226793. [PMID: 37383617 PMCID: PMC10295729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1226793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X. Zhang
- Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Krystyna Kowalczuk
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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13
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Putekova S, Martinkova J, Urickova A, Kober L, Reichertova S, Plancikova D, Majdan M. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and working conditions of nurses and its implications for policies: a cross-sectional study in Slovakia. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:185. [PMID: 37248500 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased workload and of the health workforce (HW) strained the capacity to maintain essential health services (EHS) during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, while putting them at increased risk of COVID-19 and other consequences to their health. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the health, wellbeing, and working conditions of nurses in Slovakia and to identify gaps in policies to be addressed to increase preparedness of the HW for future emergencies. METHODS A nation-wide cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses during November-December 2021, referring to the period of January 2021 to November 2021. To assess the differences between impact on HW on various levels of care, respondents were grouped by type of facility: hospital-COVID-19 wards; Hospital-non-covid ward; Outpatient or ER; Other care facilities. RESULTS 1170 nurses participated, about 1/3 of them tested positive for COVID-19 by November 2021, mostly developing mild disease. Almost 2/3 reported long-covid symptoms and about 13% reported that they do not plan to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The median of the score of the impact of workload on health was 2.8 (56% of the maximum 5), the median score of mental health-wellbeing was 1.9 (63% of a maximum of 3). The studied impacts in all domains were highest in nurses working in COVID-19 hospital wards. Significant disruptions of health care were reported, with relatively high use of telemedicine to mitigate them. Overall, about 70% of the respondents thought of leaving their job, mostly due to working stress or inadequate pay. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic poses a substantial burden on the health, wellbeing and working conditions of nurses in Slovakia and that a large proportion of nurses considered leaving their jobs because of work overload or low salaries. Human resource strategies should be adopted to attract, retain and continuously invest in HW development including in emergency preparedness and response. Such an approach may improve the resilience and preparedness of the health system in Slovakia for future emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Putekova
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Department of Nursing, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Martinkova
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Department of Nursing, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Urickova
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Department of Nursing, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Kober
- Faculty of Health, Department of Nursing, Catholic University, Ruzomberok, Slovakia
- Slovak Chamber of Nurses and Midwives, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislava Reichertova
- Department of Paramedic Science, Medical Diagnostic Studies and Public Health, Faculty of Health Care Studies, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Plancikova
- Institute for Global Health and Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Hornopotocna 23, 91843, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Majdan
- Institute for Global Health and Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Hornopotocna 23, 91843, Trnava, Slovakia.
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14
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Yi X, Jing C, Meimei M, Jianhui X, Jihong H, Ding X, Lihui Z. Acute stress reaction, depression anxiety stress, and job withdrawal behavior in non-frontline pediatric nurses during the pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1123445. [PMID: 37265551 PMCID: PMC10230301 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1123445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented healthy crisis to people worldwide. It is crucial to assess the psychological status of non-frontline nurses. More attention to the mental and physical health of non-frontline nurses during a public health emergency is necessary for a full understanding of the implications. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors that influence the acute stress reaction of non-frontline pediatric nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This study aimed to explore factors associated with acute stress reactions of non-frontline pediatric nurses in Hunan province during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional design. Five hundred eighteen pediatric nurses from Hunan province, China, completed the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), and Job Withdrawal Behavior Scales (JWB). Multiple linear regression analyses and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the results. Results The mean scores of DASS-21, JWB, SASRQ were 1.443 ± 0.500, 1.601 ± 0.544, and 1.858 ± 0.805, respectively. Stress, anxiety, depression (three sub-dimensions of DASS-21), JWB, monthly income and department were the major predictive factors for SASRQ (Adjusted R2 = 0.579, p < 0.001). Pearson's correlation showed that the mean score of SASRQ was positively correlated with JWB, DASS-21, and all its dimensions (p < 0.01). Conclusion The study indicated that the SASRQ was greater with higher levels of DASS-21 and JWB. It revealed an acute stress reaction in non-frontline pediatric nurses and recommends more focus on the factors influencing the SASRQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Cao Jing
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Ma Meimei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Xie Jianhui
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Hu Jihong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- International Affairs Department, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Zhu Lihui
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Hunan, China
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15
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Witteveen AB, Young SY, Cuijpers P, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Barbui C, Bertolini F, Cabello M, Cadorin C, Downes N, Franzoi D, Gasior M, Gray B, Melchior M, van Ommeren M, Palantza C, Purgato M, van der Waerden J, Wang S, Sijbrandij M. COVID-19 and common mental health symptoms in the early phase of the pandemic: An umbrella review of the evidence. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004206. [PMID: 37098048 PMCID: PMC10129001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remains uncertainty about the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health. This umbrella review provides a comprehensive overview of the association between the pandemic and common mental disorders. We qualitatively summarized evidence from reviews with meta-analyses of individual study-data in the general population, healthcare workers, and specific at-risk populations. METHODS AND FINDINGS A systematic search was carried out in 5 databases for peer-reviewed systematic reviews with meta-analyses of prevalence of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during the pandemic published between December 31, 2019 until August 12, 2022. We identified 123 reviews of which 7 provided standardized mean differences (SMDs) either from longitudinal pre- to during pandemic study-data or from cross-sectional study-data compared to matched pre-pandemic data. Methodological quality rated with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews checklist scores (AMSTAR 2) instrument was generally low to moderate. Small but significant increases of depression, anxiety, and/or general mental health symptoms were reported in the general population, in people with preexisting physical health conditions, and in children (3 reviews; SMDs ranged from 0.11 to 0.28). Mental health and depression symptoms significantly increased during periods of social restrictions (1 review; SMDs of 0.41 and 0.83, respectively) but anxiety symptoms did not (SMD: 0.26). Increases of depression symptoms were generally larger and longer-lasting during the pandemic (3 reviews; SMDs depression ranged from 0.16 to 0.23) than those of anxiety (2 reviews: SMDs 0.12 and 0.18). Females showed a significantly larger increase in anxiety symptoms than males (1 review: SMD 0.15). In healthcare workers, people with preexisting mental disorders, any patient group, children and adolescents, and in students, no significant differences from pre- to during pandemic were found (2 reviews; SMD's ranging from -0.16 to 0.48). In 116 reviews pooled cross-sectional prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms ranged from 9% to 48% across populations. Although heterogeneity between studies was high and largely unexplained, assessment tools and cut-offs used, age, sex or gender, and COVID-19 exposure factors were found to be moderators in some reviews. The major limitations are the inability to quantify and explain the high heterogeneity across reviews included and the shortage of within-person data from multiple longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS A small but consistent deterioration of mental health and particularly depression during early pandemic and during social restrictions has been found in the general population and in people with chronic somatic disorders. Also, associations between mental health and the pandemic were stronger in females and younger age groups than in others. Explanatory individual-level, COVID-19 exposure, and time-course factors were scarce and showed inconsistencies across reviews. For policy and research, repeated assessments of mental health in population panels including vulnerable individuals are recommended to respond to current and future health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke B. Witteveen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Y. Young
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- South African PTSD Research Programme of Excellence, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mental Health Services at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corrado Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Bertolini
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Cabello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mental Health Services at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camilla Cadorin
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Naomi Downes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Daniele Franzoi
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Gasior
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brandon Gray
- World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Mark van Ommeren
- World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christina Palantza
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianna Purgato
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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Sun M, Li X, Yao J, Huang X, Kang Y, Li Z. Psychological status of medical staff dedicated to nucleic acid collection in COVID-19 epidemic during closed-loop management: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1131971. [PMID: 36969671 PMCID: PMC10036577 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1131971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the depression, anxiety and somnipathy situation occurred in the nucleic acid collection staff during the closed-loop management period of COVID-19. And try to understand the influencing factors of related psychological status.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 1,014 nucleic acid collection staff from seven Chinese hospitals was conducted. Various investigation methods were involved in the questionnaires to collect data, including 12-items self-made questionnaire survey of basic demographic information, 9-items patient health questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9), 7-items generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 and Excel software. Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-square test, correlation analysis, mono-factor analysis and binary logistic regression were applied accordingly for further analysis.ResultsThe positive rate of depression, anxiety and sleep disorder of 1,014 nucleic acid collectors under closed-loop management were 33.5, 27.2, and 50.1%, respectively. Depression was significantly positively correlated with anxiety and sleep (P < 0.05). The scores of depression scale were positively correlated with the age and the fear for infection (r = 0.106, 0.218, both P < 0.05); The scores of anxiety scale were also positively correlated with the age and the fear for infection (r = 0.124, 0.225, both P < 0.05); The length of service, collection time and the degree of worry about infection and was positively correlated with the score of sleep scale (r = 0.077, 0.074, 0.195, both P < 0.05); Education level had a significant negative association with PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PSQI (r = −0.167,−0.172, both P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, technical title, education level, collection time, collection frequency, collection location, fear for infection and external environment were important influencing factors of depression, anxiety and sleep disorders.ConclusionThe results of this study suggested that when carrying out nucleic acid collection mission, managers should intervene to optimize the collection location, control the duration of each collection mission, replace the collection staff in time and pay close attention to the psychological state of the collection staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Sun
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowei Li
| | - Jie Yao
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Huang
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujuan Kang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
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Ellis J, Ferini-Strambi L, García-Borreguero D, Heidbreder A, O’Regan D, Parrino L, Selsick H, Penzel T. Chronic Insomnia Disorder across Europe: Expert Opinion on Challenges and Opportunities to Improve Care. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050716. [PMID: 36900721 PMCID: PMC10001099 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One in ten adults in Europe have chronic insomnia, which is characterised by frequent and persistent difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep and daily functioning impairments. Regional differences in practices and access to healthcare services lead to variable clinical care across Europe. Typically, a patient with chronic insomnia (a) will usually present to a primary care physician; (b) will not be offered cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia-the recommended first-line treatment; (c) will instead receive sleep hygiene recommendations and eventually pharmacotherapy to manage their long-term condition; and (d) will use medications such as GABA receptor agonists for longer than the approved duration. Available evidence suggests that patients in Europe have multiple unmet needs, and actions for clearer diagnosis of chronic insomnia and effective management of this condition are long overdue. In this article, we provide an update on the clinical management of chronic insomnia in Europe. Old and new treatments are summarised with information on indications, contraindications, precautions, warnings, and side effects. Challenges of treating chronic insomnia in European healthcare systems, considering patients' perspectives and preferences are presented and discussed. Finally, suggestions are provided-with healthcare providers and healthcare policy makers in mind-for strategies to achieve the optimal clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ellis
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of General Psychology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Heidbreder
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David O’Regan
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Disorder Centre, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Liborio Parrino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Hugh Selsick
- Insomnia and Behavioural Sleep Medicine Clinic, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Sleep Medicine, Medicine Centre, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Prevalence of Insomnia and Sleep Habits during the First and Second Wave of COVID-19 in Belgium. Psychol Belg 2023; 63:18-29. [PMID: 36845643 PMCID: PMC9951628 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Belgium has one of the highest numbers of COVID-19 cases per 1 million inhabitants. The pandemic has led to significant societal changes with repercussions on sleep and on mental health. We aimed to investigate the effect of the first and the second wave of COVID-19 on the sleep of the Belgian populationWe launched two online questionnaires, one during the first lockdown (7240 respondents) and one during the second (3240 respondents), to test differences in self-reported clinical insomnia (as measured by the Insomnia Severity Index) and sleep habits during the two lockdowns in comparison with the pre-COVID period. The number of persons with clinical insomnia rose during the first lockdown (19.22%) and further during the second (28.91%) in comparison with pre-lockdown (7.04-7.66%). Bed and rise times were delayed and there was an increased time in bed and sleep onset latency. There was further a decrease in total sleep time and in sleep efficiency during both confinements. The prevalence of clinical insomnia quadrupled during the second wave in comparison with the pre-lockdown situation. Sleep habits were most altered in the younger population, indicating a greater risk for this group to develop a sleep-wake rhythm disorder.
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19
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Yang Y, Cao Q, Zhao M, Zhuang Q. Knowledge mapping of students' mental health status in the COVID-19 pandemic: A bibliometric study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:985866. [PMID: 36507008 PMCID: PMC9728543 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the international scientific output on mental health of students during COVID-19 from 2020 to 2022 through a bibliometric analysis and to explore trend and research hotspots in this field. Methods We searched the Web of Science Core Collection for publications and used a variety of software to analyze and visualize the data such as R, CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Scimago. Results A total of 2,734 publications were retrieved as of June 4, 2022, published by 3,894 institutions from 120 countries/regions. China and the United States lead in the quantity and quality of publications in this field. According to Bradford's Law, 16 journals are considered core journals in the field. Co-cited references indicate the main psychological problems of students under the epidemic revolve around anxiety, poor sleep and financial difficulty. Their behavior might also be influenced by increased internet and alcohol use. Conclusion Mental health of students during COVID-19 is attracting increasing attention. It is identified that the research hotspots in this field continue to revolve around emotional anxiety and unhealthy behaviors. Due to the different troubles faced by different groups under COVID-19, further exploration of the relevant factors specific for students are needed, with a hopeful view to providing ideas for intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingtai Cao
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Mingyi Zhao, ; Quan Zhuang,
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Educational Affairs, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Research Center on Transplantation Medicine of National Health Ministry, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Mingyi Zhao, ; Quan Zhuang,
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20
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Rico-Bordera P, Falcó R, Vidal-Arenas V, Piqueras JA. Do healthy habits regulate the relationship between psychosocial dysfunction by COVID-19 and bidimensional mental health? J Health Psychol 2022; 28:462-476. [PMID: 36000211 PMCID: PMC10076176 DOI: 10.1177/13591053221116627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected mental health and well-being. Lifestyles are relevant to understand the impact of psychosocial dysfunctions. The objective was to examine the role of healthy habits in the relations between psychosocial dysfunction and psychological well-being/distress during COVID-19. Participants completed measures of psychosocial dysfunction, healthy habits, life satisfaction, well-being, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Psychosocial dysfunction was associated with distress symptoms, while health habits were associated with well-being. Healthy habits were mediators: greater psychosocial dysfunction was associated with less healthy habits, which in turn were associated with lower overall well-being, and greater depression. Programs addressing healthy habits can be of great utility.
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21
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Lee HL, Wilson KS, Bernstein C, Naicker N, Yassi A, Spiegel JM. Psychological Distress in South African Healthcare Workers Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Associations and Mitigating Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159722. [PMID: 35955078 PMCID: PMC9368661 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
While the global COVID-19 pandemic has been widely acknowledged to affect the mental health of health care workers (HCWs), attention to measures that protect those on the front lines of health outbreak response has been limited. In this cross-sectional study, we examine workplace contextual factors associated with how psychological distress was experienced in a South African setting where a severe first wave was being experienced with the objective of identifying factors that can protect against HCWs experiencing negative impacts. Consistent with mounting literature on mental health effects, we found a high degree of psychological distress (57.4% above the General Health Questionnaire cut-off value) and a strong association between perceived risks associated with the presence of COVID-19 in the healthcare workplace and psychological distress (adjusted OR = 2.35, p < 0.01). Our research indicates that both training (adjusted OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21−0.81) and the reported presence of supportive workplace relationships (adjusted OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.27−0.97) were associated with positive outcomes. This evidence that workplace resilience can be reinforced to better prepare for the onset of similar outbreaks in the future suggests that pursuit of further research into specific interventions to improve resilience is well merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Lee
- Global Health Research Program, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kerry S. Wilson
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Colleen Bernstein
- Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Nisha Naicker
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Annalee Yassi
- Global Health Research Program, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Jerry M. Spiegel
- Global Health Research Program, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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22
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Qi M, Hu X, Liu J, Wen J, Hu X, Wang Z, Shi X. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence among healthcare workers in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:938423. [PMID: 35958846 PMCID: PMC9358256 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.938423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pandemic of COVID-19 has significantly increased the burden on healthcare workers and potentially affect their risk of workplace violence (WPV). This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of WPV among healthcare workers during the peaking and the remission of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods Using the snowball method, a repeated online questionnaire survey was conducted among Chinese healthcare workers from March 27th to April 26th in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Data included healthcare workers' socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, psychological status, and workplace violence. Results A total of 3006 samples in 2020 and 3465 samples in 2021 were analyzed. In 2020, the prevalence of WPV and witnessing colleagues suffering from WPV among healthcare workers were 64.2% and 79.7% respectively. Compared with 2020, the prevalence decreased by 11.0% and 14.4% in 2021, respectively. Logistic regression showed that WPV in 2020 was influenced by males, long working experience, working in the psychiatric department, direct contact with COVID-19 patients, self-discovery of medical errors, moral injury, depression, and anxiety (minimum OR = 1.22, maximum OR = 2.82). While risk factors of WPV in 2021 included males, working in psychiatric departments, self-discovery of medical errors, moral injury, depression, and anxiety (minimum OR = 1.33, maximum OR = 3.32); and protective factors were holding a master's degree (OR = 0.78) and working in other departments (OR = 0.54). Conclusion This study retains the common effects of WPV among healthcare workers, though after the baptism of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of WPV among healthcare workers decreased; however, part of the influencing factors changed. In addition, COVID-19 has seriously affected the mental health of healthcare workers, and the effect of mental health problems on WPV should also attract more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhizhong Wang
| | - Xiuquan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Center for Injury Research and Policy & Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
- Xiuquan Shi
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23
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Dong RK. Emotion and International Business: Theorising Fear of Failure in the Internationalisation. Front Psychol 2022; 13:850816. [PMID: 35391974 PMCID: PMC8983206 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The road to internationalisation is paved with risk, uncertainty, the possibility of failure, and the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) phenomenon. However, the process of internationalisation (IP) theory treats an individual decision-maker as a "black box." Emotions are largely ignored by international business (IB) researchers. This study offers conceptual thoughts on the role of fear of failure in the process of internationalisation. It argues that managers experience this emotion in making internationalisation decisions for a firm, which is an area of study that requires further understanding. Following the content analysis method in the literature review and a theory-based adaptation approach to complete the conceptualisation, this manuscript joins the scholarly conversations on "connecting the IP model to people" and "emotion and internationalisation." Focussing on fear of failure as a new perspective, this manuscript contributes to IB literature by suggesting new avenues in understanding decision-making about international activities by embracing psychological insights. It also contributes to IB practitioners by offering implications for understanding one's emotional state and its effect on decision-making about internationalising ventures.
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24
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Cai H, Zhao YJ, Xing X, Tian T, Qian W, Liang S, Wang Z, Cheung T, Su Z, Tang YL, Ng CH, Sha S, Xiang YT. Network Analysis of Comorbid Anxiety and Insomnia Among Clinicians with Depressive Symptoms During the Late Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1351-1362. [PMID: 35959360 PMCID: PMC9359521 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s367974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high proportion of clinicians experienced common anxiety, insomnia and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the item-level association of comorbid anxiety and insomnia symptoms among clinicians who suffered from depressive symptoms during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic using network analysis (NA). METHODS Clinicians with depressive symptoms (with a Patients Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) total score of 5 and above) were included in this study. Anxiety and insomnia symptoms were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale - 7-item (GAD-7) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), respectively. Network analysis was conducted to investigate the network structure, central symptoms, bridge symptoms, and network stability of these disturbances. Expected influence (EI) was used to measure the centrality of index. RESULTS Altogether, 1729 clinicians were included in this study. The mean age was 37.1 [standard deviation (SD)=8.04 years], while the mean PHQ-9 total score was 8.42 (SD=3.33), mean GAD-7 total score was 6.45 (SD=3.13) and mean ISI total score was 8.23 (SD=5.26). Of these clinicians, the prevalence of comorbid anxiety symptoms (GAD-7≥5) was 76.8% (95% CI 74.82-78.80%), while the prevalence of comorbid insomnia symptoms (ISI≥8) was 43.8% (95% CI: 41.50-46.18%). NA revealed that nodes ISI7 ("Interference with daytime functioning") (EI=1.18), ISI4 ("Sleep dissatisfaction") (EI=1.08) and ISI5 ("Noticeability of sleep problem by others") (EI=1.07) were the most central (influential) symptoms in the network model of comorbid anxiety and insomnia symptoms in clinicians. Bridge symptoms included nodes PHQ3 ("Sleep") (bridge EI=0.55) and PHQ4 ("Fatigue") (bridge EI=0.49). Gender did not significantly influence the network structure, but "having the experience of caring for COVID-19 patients" significantly influenced the network structure. CONCLUSION Central symptoms and key bridge symptoms identified in this NA should be targeted in the treatment and preventive measures for clinicians suffering from comorbid anxiety, insomnia and depressive symptoms during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Xing
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Tian
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Qian
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixiang Liang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sha Sha
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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