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Zhao XR, Zhao DT, Zhang LY, Chang JH, Cui JH. Combining transcriptome and metabolome analysis to understand the response of sorghum to Melanaphis sacchari. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:529. [PMID: 38862926 PMCID: PMC11165916 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sorghum aphid Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is an important insect in the late growth phase of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). However, the mechanisms of sorghum response to aphid infestation are unclear. RESULTS In this paper, the mechanisms of aphid resistance in different types of sorghum varieties were revealed by studying the epidermal cell structure and performing a transcriptome and metabolome association analysis of aphid-resistant and aphid-susceptible varieties. The epidermal cell results showed that the resistance of sorghum to aphids was positively correlated with epidermal cell regularity and negatively correlated with the intercellular space and leaf thickness. Transcriptome and metabolomic analyses showed that differentially expressed genes in the resistant variety HN16 and susceptible variety BTX623 were mainly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and differentially expressed metabolites were mainly related to isoflavonoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. The q-PCR results of key genes were consistent with the transcriptome expression results. Meanwhile, the metabolome test results showed that after aphidinfestation, naringenin and genistein were significantly upregulated in the aphid-resistant variety HN16 and aphid-susceptible variety BTX623 while luteolin was only significantly upregulated in BTX623. These results show that naringenin, genistein, and luteolin play important roles in plant resistance to aphid infestation. The results of exogenous spraying tests showed that a 1‰ concentration of naringenin and genistein is optimal for improving sorghum resistance to aphid feeding. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the physical properties of the sorghum leaf structure related to aphid resistance were studied to provide a reference for the breeding of aphid-resistant varieties. The flavonoid biosynthesis pathway plays an important role in the response of sorghum aphids and represents an important basis for the biological control of these pests. The results of the spraying experiment provide insights for developing anti-aphid substances in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rui Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Dong-Ting Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Jin-Hua Chang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Jiang-Hui Cui
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, 071000, China.
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Wang H, Jafir M, Irfan M, Ahmad T, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Usman M, Rizwan M, Hamoud YA, Shaghaleh H. Emerging trends to replace pesticides with nanomaterials: Recent experiences and future perspectives for ecofriendly environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121178. [PMID: 38796869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite the widespread usage to safeguard crops and manage pests, pesticides have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. The necessity to find sustainable agricultural techniques and meet the growing demand for food production has spurred the quest for pesticide substitutes other than traditional ones. The unique qualities of nanotechnology, including its high surface area-to-volume ratio, controlled release, and better stability, have made it a promising choice for pest management. Over the past ten years, there has been a noticeable growth in the usage of nanomaterials for pest management; however, concerns about their possible effects on the environment and human health have also surfaced. The purpose of this review paper is to give a broad overview of the worldwide trends and environmental effects of using nanomaterials in place of pesticides. The various types of nanomaterials, their characteristics, and their possible application in crop protection are covered. The limits of the current regulatory frameworks for nanomaterials in agriculture are further highlighted in this review. Additionally, it describes how standard testing procedures must be followed to assess the effects of nanomaterials on the environment and human health before their commercialization. In order to establish sustainable and secure nanotechnology-based pest control techniques, the review concludes by highlighting the significance of taking into account the possible hazards and benefits of nanomaterials for pest management and the necessity of an integrated approach. It also emphasizes the importance of more investigation into the behavior and environmental fate of nanomaterials to guarantee their safe and efficient application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Muhammad Jafir
- Department of Ecology, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, MNS-University of Agriculture Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hiba Shaghaleh
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Lo MM, Benfodda Z, Molinié R, Meffre P. Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Flowers: Ecological Roles, Production by Plants, Extraction, and Identification. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:417. [PMID: 38337950 PMCID: PMC10857460 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with a large chemical diversity are emitted by plant flowers. These compounds play an important role in the ecology of plants. This review presents the different ecological roles of VOCs present in the odor plumes of plant flowers, such as pollination, defense, adaptation to their environment, and communication with other organisms. The production and accumulation sites of VOCs in plants with their spatial and temporal variations, including environmental issues, are also summarized. To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of VOCs, several methods of extraction and analysis were used. Headspace (HS) sampling coupled with solid phase microextraction (SPME) is now well-developed for the extraction process. Parameters are known, and several fibers are now available to optimize this extraction. Most of the time, SPME is coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the structural identification of the VOCs, paying attention to the use of several complementary methods for identification like the use of databases, retention indices, and, when available, comparison with authentic standards analyses. The development of the knowledge on VOCs emitted by flowers is of great importance for plant ecology in the context of environmental and climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mame-Marietou Lo
- UPR Détection, Évaluation, Gestion des Risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME), UNIV. NIMES, CEDEX 1, F-30021 Nîmes, France; (M.-M.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zohra Benfodda
- UPR Détection, Évaluation, Gestion des Risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME), UNIV. NIMES, CEDEX 1, F-30021 Nîmes, France; (M.-M.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Roland Molinié
- UMR INRAE 1158 Transfrontaliére BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, UFR de Pharmacie, F-80037 Amiens, France;
| | - Patrick Meffre
- UPR Détection, Évaluation, Gestion des Risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME), UNIV. NIMES, CEDEX 1, F-30021 Nîmes, France; (M.-M.L.); (Z.B.)
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Gao K, Lin Y, Li L, Zha W, Zhu J, Zi J. Characterization of SchTPSs Enables Construction of Yeast for the Bioproduction of α-Cadinol and the Related Sesquiterpenes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18424-18430. [PMID: 37966253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatile sesquiterpenes (PVSs) play important roles in chemical plant defense. However, it is difficult to isolate sufficient PVSs for deep investigations due to their low contents and chemical and physical properties close to those of other lipids. The extracts of Stellera chamaejasme L. exhibit insecticidal, fungicidal, and allelopathic activities. In this study, we identified three sesquiterpene synthase genes (SchTPS5, SchTPS6, and SchTPS7) from S. chamaejasme L. SchTPS7 is an α-farnesene synthase. SchTPS5 and SchTPS6 are two catalytically promiscuous sesquiterpene synthases, and α-cadinol and τ-muurolol are the predominant products for both of them in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study, for the first time, reports plant sesquiterpene synthases capable of producing α-cadinol and/or τ-muurolol in a heterologous host. More intriguingly, seven out of eight products of SchTPS6 in S. cerevisiae possess various insecticidal, fungicidal, and herbicidal activities. Building on this finding, we used SchTPS6 to construct an engineered S. cerevisiae for the production of these sesquiterpenes. The titers of two major products α-cadinol and τ-muurolol, respectively, reached 46.2 ± 4.0 and 11.2 ± 1.4 mg/L in a flask. This study lays a foundation for the development of new agrochemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Linsheng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenlong Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs, and NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianxun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs, and NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiachen Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs, and NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Wang X, Ye ZX, Wang YZ, Wang XJ, Chen JP, Huang HJ. Transcriptomic Analysis of Tobacco Plants in Response to Whitefly Infection. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1640. [PMID: 37628691 PMCID: PMC10454835 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is one of the most destructive pests worldwide, and causes tremendous economic losses. Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum serves as a model organism for studying fundamental biological processes and is severely damaged by whiteflies. Hitherto, our knowledge of how tobacco perceives and defends itself against whiteflies has been scare. In this study, we analyze the gene expression patterns of tobacco in response to whitefly infestation. A total of 244 and 2417 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 12 h and 24 h post whitefly infestation, respectively. Enrichment analysis demonstrates that whitefly infestation activates plant defense at both time points, with genes involved in plant pattern recognition, transcription factors, and hormonal regulation significantly upregulated. Notably, defense genes are more intensely upregulated at 24 h post infestation than at 12 h, indicating an increased immunity induced by whitefly infestation. In contrast, genes associated with energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, ribosomes, and photosynthesis are suppressed, suggesting impaired plant development. Taken together, our study provides comprehensive insights into how plants respond to phloem-feeding insects, and offers a theoretical basis for better research on plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.-X.Y.); (Y.-Z.W.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - Zhuang-Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.-X.Y.); (Y.-Z.W.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - Yi-Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.-X.Y.); (Y.-Z.W.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.-X.Y.); (Y.-Z.W.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.-X.Y.); (Y.-Z.W.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.-X.Y.); (Y.-Z.W.); (X.-J.W.)
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Abiotic and Herbivory Combined Stress in Tomato: Additive, Synergic and Antagonistic Effects and Within-Plant Phenotypic Plasticity. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111804. [DOI: 10.3390/life12111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drought, N deficiency and herbivory are considered the most important stressors caused by climate change in the agro- and eco-systems and varied in space and time shaping highly dynamic and heterogeneous stressful environments. This study aims to evaluate the tomato morpho-physiological and metabolic responses to combined abiotic and herbivory at different within-plant spatial levels and temporal scales. Methods: Leaf-level morphological, gas exchange traits and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profiles were measured in tomato plants exposed to N deficiency and drought, Tuta absoluta larvae and their combination. Additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects of the single stress when combined were also evaluated. Morpho-physiological traits and VOCs profile were also measured on leaves located at three different positions along the shoot axes. Results: The combination of the abiotic and biotic stress has been more harmful than single stress with antagonistic and synergistic but non-additive effects for the morpho-physiological and VOCs tomato responses, respectively. Combined stress also determined a high within-plant phenotypic plasticity of the morpho-physiological responses. Conclusions: These results suggested that the combined stress in tomato determined a “new stress state” and a higher within-plant phenotypic plasticity which could permit an efficient use of the growth and defense resources in the heterogeneous and multiple stressful environmental conditions.
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Midzi J, Jeffery DW, Baumann U, Rogiers S, Tyerman SD, Pagay V. Stress-Induced Volatile Emissions and Signalling in Inter-Plant Communication. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192566. [PMID: 36235439 PMCID: PMC9573647 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sessile plant has developed mechanisms to survive the “rough and tumble” of its natural surroundings, aided by its evolved innate immune system. Precise perception and rapid response to stress stimuli confer a fitness edge to the plant against its competitors, guaranteeing greater chances of survival and productivity. Plants can “eavesdrop” on volatile chemical cues from their stressed neighbours and have adapted to use these airborne signals to prepare for impending danger without having to experience the actual stress themselves. The role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plant–plant communication has gained significant attention over the past decade, particularly with regard to the potential of VOCs to prime non-stressed plants for more robust defence responses to future stress challenges. The ecological relevance of such interactions under various environmental stresses has been much debated, and there is a nascent understanding of the mechanisms involved. This review discusses the significance of VOC-mediated inter-plant interactions under both biotic and abiotic stresses and highlights the potential to manipulate outcomes in agricultural systems for sustainable crop protection via enhanced defence. The need to integrate physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches in understanding the underlying mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in volatile signalling is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanah Midzi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - David W. Jeffery
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Suzy Rogiers
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Vinay Pagay
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Wang F, Zhang B, Wen D, Liu R, Yao X, Chen Z, Mu R, Pei H, Liu M, Song B, Lu L. Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Camellia sinensis combined with multi-omics provides insights into its responses to infestation with green leafhoppers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1004387. [PMID: 36212364 PMCID: PMC9539759 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1004387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is an important economic crop, which is becoming increasingly popular worldwide, and is now planted in more than 50 countries. Tea green leafhopper is one of the major pests in tea plantations, which can significantly reduce the yield and quality of tea during the growth of plant. In this study, we report a genome assembly for DuyunMaojian tea plants using a combination of Oxford Nanopore Technology PromethION™ with high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technology and used multi-omics to study how the tea plant responds to infestation with tea green leafhoppers. The final genome was 3.08 Gb. A total of 2.97 Gb of the genome was mapped to 15 pseudo-chromosomes, and 2.79 Gb of them could confirm the order and direction. The contig N50, scaffold N50 and GC content were 723.7 kb, 207.72 Mb and 38.54%, respectively. There were 2.67 Gb (86.77%) repetitive sequences, 34,896 protein-coding genes, 104 miRNAs, 261 rRNA, 669 tRNA, and 6,502 pseudogenes. A comparative genomics analysis showed that DuyunMaojian was the most closely related to Shuchazao and Yunkang 10, followed by DASZ and tea-oil tree. The multi-omics results indicated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, α-linolenic acid metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis and 50 differentially expressed genes, particularly peroxidase, played important roles in response to infestation with tea green leafhoppers (Empoasca vitis Göthe). This study on the tea tree is highly significant for its role in illustrating the evolution of its genome and discovering how the tea plant responds to infestation with tea green leafhoppers will contribute to a theoretical foundation to breed tea plants resistant to insects that will ultimately result in an increase in the yield and quality of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guiyang, China
| | - Baohui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guiyang, China
- Horticulture Institute (Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center), Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Di Wen
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Rong Liu
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Xinzhuan Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guiyang, China
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Ren Mu
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Huimin Pei
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Min Liu
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxing Song
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, China
| | - Litang Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guiyang, China
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Li J, Zhao Q, Huang JP, Jia JY, Zhu TF, Hong T, Su J. The functional microbiota of on- and off-year moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) influences the development of the bamboo pest Pantana phyllostachysae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:307. [PMID: 35751037 PMCID: PMC9229751 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of Pantana phyllostachysae, a moso bamboo pest, is affected by its diet. Understanding the mechanism underlying the different insect-resistant capacities of on- and off-year moso bamboo fed by P. phyllostachysae is crucial for managing pest outbreaks. As microbes were proven to influence plant immunity, we compared gut microbial communities of P. phyllostachysae with different diets by metabarcoding sequencing. By using sterilization assay, microbes were removed from leaf surfaces, and thus we confirmed that microbes inhabiting moso bamboo leaves impact the weight of P. phyllostachysae larva. Furthermore, the gut microbial communities of P. phyllostachysae fed on on- and off-year bamboo leaves were compared, to identify the functional microbial communities that impact the interaction between bamboo leaves and P. phyllostachysae. RESULTS We found that species from orders Lactobacillales and Rickettsiales are most effective within functional microbiota. Functional prediction revealed that gut microbes of larva fed on on-year leaves were related to naphthalene degradation, while those fed on off-year leaves were related to biosynthesis of ansamycins, polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis, metabolism of xenobiotics, and tetracycline biosynthesis. Most functional microbes are beneficial to the development of larva that feed on on-year bamboo leaves, but damage the balance of intestinal microenvironment and immune systems of those larva that feed on off-year leaves. CONCLUSIONS This work developed an efficient strategy for microbiome research of Lepidopteran insects and provided insights into microbiota related to the interaction between host plants and P. phyllostachysae. We provided microbial candidates for the ecological control of P. phyllostachysae according to the function of effective microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Process and Management of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Process and Management of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jin-Peng Huang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jia-Yu Jia
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Teng-Fei Zhu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tao Hong
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Process and Management of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Jun Su
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Plant Viruses Can Alter Aphid-Triggered Calcium Elevations in Infected Leaves. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123534. [PMID: 34944040 PMCID: PMC8700420 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alighting aphids probe a new host plant by intracellular test punctures for suitability. These induce immediate calcium signals that emanate from the punctured sites and might be the first step in plant recognition of aphid feeding and the subsequent elicitation of plant defence responses. Calcium is also involved in the transmission of non-persistent plant viruses that are acquired by aphids during test punctures. Therefore, we wanted to determine whether viral infection alters calcium signalling. For this, calcium signals triggered by aphids were imaged on transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the cytosolic FRET-based calcium reporter YC3.6-NES and infected with the non-persistent viruses cauliflower mosaic (CaMV) and turnip mosaic (TuMV), or the persistent virus, turnip yellows (TuYV). Aphids were placed on infected leaves and calcium elevations were recorded by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. Calcium signal velocities were significantly slower in plants infected with CaMV or TuMV and signal areas were smaller in CaMV-infected plants. Transmission tests using CaMV-infected Arabidopsis mutants impaired in pathogen perception or in the generation of calcium signals revealed no differences in transmission efficiency. A transcriptomic meta-analysis indicated significant changes in expression of receptor-like kinases in the BAK1 pathway as well as of calcium channels in CaMV- and TuMV-infected plants. Taken together, infection with CaMV and TuMV, but not with TuYV, impacts aphid-induced calcium signalling. This suggests that viruses can modify plant responses to aphids from the very first vector/host contact.
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Silencing a Simple Extracellular Leucine-Rich Repeat Gene OsI-BAK1 Enhances the Resistance of Rice to Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212182. [PMID: 34830062 PMCID: PMC8622231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many plant proteins with extracellular leucine-rich repeat (eLRR) domains play an important role in plant immunity. However, the role of one class of eLRR plant proteins—the simple eLRR proteins—in plant defenses against herbivores remains largely unknown. Here, we found that a simple eLRR protein OsI-BAK1 in rice localizes to the plasma membrane. Its expression was induced by mechanical wounding, the infestation of gravid females of brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens or white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera and treatment with methyl jasmonate or abscisic acid. Silencing OsI-BAK1 (ir-ibak1) in rice enhanced the BPH-induced transcript levels of three defense-related WRKY genes (OsWRKY24, OsWRKY53 and OsWRKY70) but decreased the induced levels of ethylene. Bioassays revealed that the hatching rate was significantly lower in BPH eggs laid on ir-ibak1 plants than wild-type (WT) plants; moreover, gravid BPH females preferred to oviposit on WT plants over ir-ibak1 plants. The exogenous application of ethephon on ir-ibak1 plants eliminated the BPH oviposition preference between WT and ir-ibak1 plants but had no effect on the hatching rate of BPH eggs. These findings suggest that OsI-BAK1 acts as a negative modulator of defense responses in rice to BPH and that BPH might exploit this modulator for its own benefit.
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12
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Deciphering the Role of Ion Channels in Early Defense Signaling against Herbivorous Insects. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092219. [PMID: 34571868 PMCID: PMC8470099 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and insect herbivores are in a relentless battle to outwit each other. Plants have evolved various strategies to detect herbivores and mount an effective defense system against them. These defenses include physical and structural barriers such as spines, trichomes, cuticle, or chemical compounds, including secondary metabolites such as phenolics and terpenes. Plants perceive herbivory by both mechanical and chemical means. Mechanical sensing can occur through the perception of insect biting, piercing, or chewing, while chemical signaling occurs through the perception of various herbivore-derived compounds such as oral secretions (OS) or regurgitant, insect excreta (frass), or oviposition fluids. Interestingly, ion channels or transporters are the first responders for the perception of these mechanical and chemical cues. These transmembrane pore proteins can play an important role in plant defense through the induction of early signaling components such as plasma transmembrane potential (Vm) fluctuation, intracellular calcium (Ca2+), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, followed by defense gene expression, and, ultimately, plant defense responses. In recent years, studies on early plant defense signaling in response to herbivory have been gaining momentum with the application of genetically encoded GFP-based sensors for real-time monitoring of early signaling events and genetic tools to manipulate ion channels involved in plant-herbivore interactions. In this review, we provide an update on recent developments and advances on early signaling events in plant-herbivore interactions, with an emphasis on the role of ion channels in early plant defense signaling.
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Malabarba J, Meents AK, Reichelt M, Scholz SS, Peiter E, Rachowka J, Konopka-Postupolska D, Wilkins KA, Davies JM, Oelmüller R, Mithöfer A. ANNEXIN1 mediates calcium-dependent systemic defense in Arabidopsis plants upon herbivory and wounding. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:243-254. [PMID: 33586181 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular calcium (Ca) transients are endogenous signals involved in local and systemic signaling and defense activation upon environmental stress, including wounding and herbivory. Still, not all Ca2+ channels contributing to the signaling have been identified, nor are their modes of action fully known. Plant annexins are proteins capable of binding to anionic phospholipids and can exhibit Ca channel-like activity. Arabidopsis ANNEXIN1 (ANN1) is suggested to contribute to Ca transport. Here, we report that wounding and simulated-herbivory-induced cytosolic free Ca elevation was impaired in systemic leaves in ann1 loss-of-function plants. We provide evidence for a role of ANN1 in local and systemic defense of plants attacked by herbivorous Spodoptera littoralis larvae. Bioassays identified ANN1 as a positive defense regulator. Spodoptera littoralis feeding on ann1 gained significantly more weight than larvae feeding on wild-type, whereas those feeding on ANN1-overexpressing lines gained less weight. Herbivory and wounding both induced defense-related responses on treated leaves, such as jasmonate accumulation and defense gene expression. These responses remained local and were strongly reduced in systemic leaves in ann1 plants. Our results indicate that ANN1 plays an important role in activation of systemic rather than local defense in plants attacked by herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiana Malabarba
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Postgraduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Anja K Meents
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Sandra S Scholz
- Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Julia Rachowka
- Plant Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Dorota Konopka-Postupolska
- Plant Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Katie A Wilkins
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB24 6DG, UK
| | - Julia M Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB24 6DG, UK
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
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Flavonone 3-hydroxylase Relieves Bacterial Leaf Blight Stress in Rice via Overaccumulation of Antioxidant Flavonoids and Induction of Defense Genes and Hormones. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116152. [PMID: 34200345 PMCID: PMC8201380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient accumulation of flavonoids is important for increased tolerance to biotic stress. Although several plant defense mechanisms are known, the roles of many pathways, proteins, and secondary metabolites in stress tolerance are unknown. We generated a flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) overexpressor rice line and inoculated Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. oryzae and compared the control and wildtype inoculated plants. In addition to promoting plant growth and developmental maintenance, the overexpression of F3H increased the accumulation of flavonoids and increased tolerance to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) stress. Moreover, leaf lesion length was higher in the infected wildtype plants compared with infected transgenics. Kaempferol and quercetin, which scavenge reactive oxygen species, overaccumulated in transgenic lines compared with wildtypes in response to pathogenic infection, detected by scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry. The induction of F3H altered the antioxidant system and reduced the levels of glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the transgenic lines compared with the wildtypes. Downstream gene regulation analysis showed that the expression of F3H increased the regulation of flavonol synthase (FLS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and slender rice mutant (SLR1) during BLB stress. The analysis of SA and JA signaling revealed an antagonistic interaction between both hormones and that F3H induction significantly promoted SA and inhibited JA accumulation in the transgenic lines. SA-dependent nonexpressor pathogenesis-related (NPR1) and Xa1 showed significant upregulation in the infected transgenic lines compared with the infected control and wildtype lines. Thus, the overexpression of F3H was essential for increasing BLB stress tolerance.
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Noman A, Aqeel M, Islam W, Khalid N, Akhtar N, Qasim M, Yasin G, Hashem M, Alamri S, Al-Zoubi OM, Jalees MM, Al-Sadi A. Insects-plants-pathogens: Toxicity, dependence and defense dynamics. Toxicon 2021; 197:87-98. [PMID: 33848517 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In a natural ecosystem, the pathogen-plant-insect relationship has diverse implications for each other. The pathogens as well as insect-pests consume plant tissues as their feed that mostly results in damage. In turn, plant species have evolved specialized defense system to not only protect themselves but reduce the damage also. Such tripartite interactions involve toxicity, metabolic modulations, resistance etc. among all participants of interaction. These attributes result in selection pressure among participants. Coevolution of such traits reveals need to focus and unravel multiple hidden aspects of insect-plant-pathogen interactions. The definite modulations during plant responses to biotic stress and the operating defense network against herbivores are vital to research areas. Different types of plant pathogens and herbivores are tackled with various changes in plants, e.g. changes in genes expression, glucosinolate metabolism detoxification, signal transduction, cell wall modifications, Ca2+dependent signaling. It is essential to clarify which chemical in plants can work as a defense signal or weapon in plant-pathogen-herbivore interactions. In spite of increased knowledge regarding signal transduction pathways regulating growth-defense balance, much more is needed to unveil the coordination of growth rate with metabolic modulations in bi-trophic interactions. Here, we addressed plant-pathogen-insect interaction for toxicity as well as dependnce along with plant defense dynamics against pathogens and insects with broad range effects at the physio-biochemical and molecular level. We have reviewed interfaces in plant-pathogen-insect research to show pulsating regulation of plant immunity for attuning survival and ecological equilibrium. An improved understanding of the systematic foundation of growth-defense stability has vital repercussions for enhancing crop yield, including insights into uncoupling of host-parasite tradeoffs for ecological and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, Government College for Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahau Din Zakria University Multan Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Saad Alamri
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Moazam Jalees
- Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Al-Sadi
- College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat. Sultanate of Oman, Oman
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Florencio-Ortiz V, Sellés-Marchart S, Casas JL. Proteome changes in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves induced by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:12. [PMID: 33407137 PMCID: PMC7788789 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphid attack induces defense responses in plants activating several signaling cascades that led to the production of toxic, repellent or antinutritive compounds and the consequent reorganization of the plant primary metabolism. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaf proteomic response against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) has been investigated and analyzed by LC-MS/MS coupled with bioinformatics tools. RESULTS Infestation with an initially low density (20 aphids/plant) of aphids restricted to a single leaf taking advantage of clip cages resulted in 6 differentially expressed proteins relative to control leaves (3 proteins at 2 days post-infestation and 3 proteins at 4 days post-infestation). Conversely, when plants were infested with a high density of infestation (200 aphids/plant) 140 proteins resulted differentially expressed relative to control leaves (97 proteins at 2 days post-infestation, 112 proteins at 4 days post-infestation and 105 proteins at 7 days post-infestation). The majority of proteins altered by aphid attack were involved in photosynthesis and photorespiration, oxidative stress, translation, protein folding and degradation and amino acid metabolism. Other proteins identified were involved in lipid, carbohydrate and hormone metabolism, transcription, transport, energy production and cell organization. However proteins directly involved in defense were scarce and were mostly downregulated in response to aphids. CONCLUSIONS The unexpectedly very low number of regulated proteins found in the experiment with a low aphid density suggests an active mitigation of plant defensive response by aphids or alternatively an aphid strategy to remain undetected by the plant. Under a high density of aphids, pepper leaf proteome however changed significantly revealing nearly all routes of plant primary metabolism being altered. Photosynthesis was so far the process with the highest number of proteins being regulated by the presence of aphids. In general, at short times of infestation (2 days) most of the altered proteins were upregulated. However, at longer times of infestation (7 days) the protein downregulation prevailed. Proteins involved in plant defense and in hormone signaling were scarce and mostly downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Florencio-Ortiz
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UA IPAB. Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Susana Sellés-Marchart
- Genomics and Proteomics Unit, Servicios Técnicos de Investigación, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - José L Casas
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UA IPAB. Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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Kalaivani K, Maruthi-Kalaiselvi M, Senthil-Nathan S. Seed treatment and foliar application of methyl salicylate (MeSA) as a defense mechanism in rice plants against the pathogenic bacterium, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 171:104718. [PMID: 33357540 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is a volatile biological compound synthesized from salicylic acid (SA) and is a plant hormone that helps defend against pests and pathogens. A major bacterial pathogen of rice, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes severe disease. Seed and plant treatments with MeSA can stimulate the defense enzyme peroxidase (POD) in plants. Response of peroxidase activity in rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars IR 20, IR 50, IR 64, ASD 16, ASD 19 and ADT 46 to MeSA were measured under greenhouse conditions. Treatments of rice seedlings with MeSA at 50 and 100 mg L-1 significantly upregulated POD expression in the plants. The activity of POD was also significantly upregulated when plants were inoculated with bacterial blight. Effects were stronger in ASD 16, ASD 19 and ADT 46 and were more pronounced in high dose treatment (100 mg L-1) when inoculated with bacterial blight condition and the effects were dose dependent, although the relationship between dose and rice varieties were not always linear. The pathogenic related (PR) protein bands at 33 kDa and 14 kDa were identified in treatments of 100 mg L-1 MeSA in the presence of bacterial blight disease. Band intensity was estimated to be twice that of those from pathogen induce MeSA levels in rice plants. These results suggest that treatment with MeSA can significantly increase the POD defense related enzyme by altering the plant physiology in ways that may be beneficial for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Kalaivani
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtallam, 627 802 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Marimuthu Maruthi-Kalaiselvi
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtallam, 627 802 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627 412 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Njaci I, Ngugi-Dawit A, Oduor RO, Kago L, Williams B, Hoang LTM, Mundree SG, Ghimire SR. Comparative Analysis Delineates the Transcriptional Resistance Mechanisms for Pod Borer Resistance in the Pigeonpea Wild Relative Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010309. [PMID: 33396747 PMCID: PMC7795875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect pests pose a serious threat to global food production. Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)) is one of the most destructive pests of leguminous crops. The use of host resistance has been an effective, environmentally friendly and sustainable approach for controlling several agricultural pests. The exploitation of natural variations in crop wild relatives could yield pest-resistant crop varieties. In this study, we used a high-throughput transcriptome profiling approach to investigate the defense mechanisms of susceptible cultivated and tolerant wild pigeonpea genotypes against H. armigera infestation. The wild genotype displayed elevated pest-induced gene expression, including the enhanced induction of phytohormone and calcium/calmodulin signaling, transcription factors, plant volatiles and secondary metabolite genes compared to the cultivated control. The biosynthetic and regulatory processes associated with flavonoids, terpenes and glucosinolate secondary metabolites showed higher accumulations in the wild genotype, suggesting the existence of distinct tolerance mechanisms. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying insect resistance in the wild pigeonpea genotype. This information highlights the indispensable role of crop wild relatives as a source of crucial genetic resources that could be important in devising strategies for crop improvement with enhanced pest resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Njaci
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa—International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya; (I.N.); (L.K.)
| | - Abigail Ngugi-Dawit
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy (CAB), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.N.-D.); (B.W.); (L.T.M.H.)
| | - Richard O. Oduor
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi P.O. Box 43844-00100, Kenya;
| | - Leah Kago
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa—International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya; (I.N.); (L.K.)
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy (CAB), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.N.-D.); (B.W.); (L.T.M.H.)
| | - Linh Thi My Hoang
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy (CAB), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.N.-D.); (B.W.); (L.T.M.H.)
| | - Sagadevan G. Mundree
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy (CAB), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.N.-D.); (B.W.); (L.T.M.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.M.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Sita R. Ghimire
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa—International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya; (I.N.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.M.); (S.R.G.)
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Tobacco Hornworm ( Manduca sexta) Oral Secretion Elicits Reactive Oxygen Species in Isolated Tomato Protoplasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218297. [PMID: 33167454 PMCID: PMC7663960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are under constant attack by a suite of insect herbivores. Over millions of years of coexistence, plants have evolved the ability to sense insect feeding via herbivore-associated elicitors in oral secretions, which can mobilize defense responses. However, herbivore-associated elicitors and the intrinsic downstream modulator of such interactions remain less understood. In this study, we show that tobacco hornworm caterpillar (Manduca sexta) oral secretion (OS) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) protoplasts. By using a dye-based ROS imaging approach, our study shows that application of plant-fed (PF) M. sexta OS generates significantly higher ROS while artificial diet-fed (DF) caterpillar OS failed to induce ROS in isolated tomato protoplasts. Elevation in ROS generation was saturated after ~140 s of PF OS application. ROS production was also suppressed in the presence of an antioxidant NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine). Interestingly, PF OS-induced ROS increase was abolished in the presence of a Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid). These results indicate a potential signaling cascade involving herbivore-associated elicitors, Ca2+, and ROS in plants during insect feeding. In summary, our results demonstrate that plants incorporate a variety of independent signals connected with their herbivores to regulate and mount their defense responses.
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20
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Santamaria ME, Arnaiz A, Rosa-Diaz I, González-Melendi P, Romero-Hernandez G, Ojeda-Martinez DA, Garcia A, Contreras E, Martinez M, Diaz I. Plant Defenses Against Tetranychus urticae: Mind the Gaps. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040464. [PMID: 32272602 PMCID: PMC7238223 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The molecular interactions between a pest and its host plant are the consequence of an evolutionary arms race based on the perception of the phytophagous arthropod by the plant and the different strategies adopted by the pest to overcome plant triggered defenses. The complexity and the different levels of these interactions make it difficult to get a wide knowledge of the whole process. Extensive research in model species is an accurate way to progressively move forward in this direction. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch has become a model species for phytophagous mites due to the development of a great number of genetic tools and a high-quality genome sequence. This review is an update of the current state of the art in the molecular interactions between the generalist pest T. urticae and its host plants. The knowledge of the physical and chemical constitutive defenses of the plant and the mechanisms involved in the induction of plant defenses are summarized. The molecular events produced from plant perception to the synthesis of defense compounds are detailed, with a special focus on the key steps that are little or totally uncovered by previous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Irene Rosa-Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gara Romero-Hernandez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Dairon A. Ojeda-Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Alejandro Garcia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Estefania Contreras
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-910679180
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21
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Ueoka H, Sasaki K, Miyawaki T, Ichino T, Tatsumi K, Suzuki S, Yamamoto H, Sakurai N, Suzuki H, Shibata D, Yazaki K. A Cytosol-Localized Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase from Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Its Molecular Evolution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1933-1945. [PMID: 31974127 PMCID: PMC7140919 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is the direct precursor of all monoterpenoids and is the prenyl source of many meroterpenoids, such as geranylated coumarins. GPP synthase (GPPS) localized in plastids is responsible for providing the substrate for monoterpene synthases and prenyltransferases for synthesis of aromatic substances that are also present in plastids, but GPPS activity in Lithospermum erythrorhizon localizes to the cytosol, in which GPP is utilized for the biosynthesis of naphthoquinone pigments, which are shikonin derivatives. This study describes the identification of the cytosol-localized GPPS gene, LeGPPS, through EST- and homology-based approaches followed by functional analyses. The deduced amino acid sequence of the unique LeGPPS showed greater similarity to that of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS), which generally localizes to the cytosol, than to plastid-localized conventional GPPS. Biochemical characterization revealed that recombinant LeGPPS predominantly produces GPP along with a trace amount of FPP. LeGPPS expression was mainly detected in root bark, in which shikonin derivatives are produced, and in shikonin-producing cultured cells. The GFP fusion protein in onion (Allium cepa) cells localized to the cytosol. Site-directed mutagenesis of LeGPPS and another FPPS homolog identified in this study, LeFPPS1, showed that the His residue at position 100 of LeGPPS, adjacent to the first Asp-rich motif, contributes to substrate preference and product specificity, leading to GPP formation. These results suggest that LeGPPS, which is involved in shikonin biosynthesis, is recruited from cytosolic FPPS and that point mutation(s) result in the acquisition of GPPS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ueoka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kanako Sasaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyawaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takuji Ichino
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kanade Tatsumi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiro Suzuki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | | | - Nozomu Sakurai
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
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22
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Mas F, Horner R, Cazères S, Alavi M, Suckling DM. Odorant-Based Detection and Discrimination of Two Economic Pests in Export Apples. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:134-143. [PMID: 31588516 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Detection of pest infestations in fresh produce traded internationally could offer improved prospects for reducing the movement of unwanted pests. Because immature stages of some pests can be difficult to find visually, other cues such as herbivore-induced volatiles that can potentially be detected at the early stages of infestation are worth investigating. In this study, we artificially infested postharvested apples (Malus × domestica 'Royal Gala') with two economic apple pests, the specialist codling moth (CM, Cydia pomonella Linnaeus, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and the generalist Queensland fruit fly (QFF, Bactrocera tryoni, Froggatt, Diptera: Tephritidae) and collected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over time (days 0, 6, and 14-15). In both infestation experiments, we found a strong and significant interaction between time and treatment. Apples infested with the QFF emitted lower total amounts of VOCs than uninfested apples, whereas apples infested with the CM released similar total amounts of VOCs. Apples infested with CM had increases in several hexyl and butyl esters, which were particularly noticeable after 15 d. In contrast, changes in ethyl esters were characteristics of QFF infestation and could be detected from day 6. Our multilevel and multivariate statistical analysis identified specific volatile biomarkers for each species at each sampling time that can be used to design a new tool for remote detection and surveillance of these invasive pests in harvested apples. Nevertheless, other information such as the cultivar as well as the storage condition needs to be taken into consideration to increase accuracy of future odorant-based sensors for pest identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Mas
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Biosecurity Group, PB, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Better Border Biosecurity (B3) (http://b3nz.org)
| | - Rachael Horner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Biosecurity Group, PB, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Better Border Biosecurity (B3) (http://b3nz.org)
| | - Sylvie Cazères
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien, Laboratoire d'Entomologie Appliquée, Station de Recherches Fruitières de Pocquereux, La Foa, New Caledonia, France
| | - Maryam Alavi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Biosecurity Group, PB, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - David Maxwell Suckling
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Biosecurity Group, PB, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Better Border Biosecurity (B3) (http://b3nz.org)
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23
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Role of Stomatal Conductance in Modifying the Dose Response of Stress-Volatile Emissions in Methyl Jasmonate Treated Leaves of Cucumber ( Cucumis sativa). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031018. [PMID: 32033119 PMCID: PMC7038070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment by volatile plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) leads to release of methanol and volatiles of lipoxygenase pathway (LOX volatiles) in a dose-dependent manner, but how the dose dependence is affected by stomatal openness is poorly known. We studied the rapid (0-60 min after treatment) response of stomatal conductance (Gs), net assimilation rate (A), and LOX and methanol emissions to varying MeJA concentrations (0.2-50 mM) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves with partly open stomata and in leaves with reduced Gs due to drought and darkness. Exposure to MeJA led to initial opening of stomata due to an osmotic shock, followed by MeJA concentration-dependent reduction in Gs, whereas A initially decreased, followed by recovery for lower MeJA concentrations and time-dependent decline for higher MeJA concentrations. Methanol and LOX emissions were elicited in a MeJA concentration-dependent manner, whereas the peak methanol emissions (15-20 min after MeJA application) preceded LOX emissions (20-60 min after application). Furthermore, peak methanol emissions occurred earlier in treatments with higher MeJA concentration, while the opposite was observed for LOX emissions. This difference reflected the circumstance where the rise of methanol release partly coincided with MeJA-dependent stomatal opening, while stronger stomatal closure at higher MeJA concentrations progressively delayed peak LOX emissions. We further observed that drought-dependent reduction in Gs ameliorated MeJA effects on foliage physiological characteristics, underscoring that MeJA primarily penetrates through the stomata. However, despite reduced Gs, dark pretreatment amplified stress-volatile release upon MeJA treatment, suggesting that increased leaf oxidative status due to sudden illumination can potentiate the MeJA response. Taken together, these results collectively demonstrate that the MeJA dose response of volatile emission is controlled by stomata that alter MeJA uptake and volatile release kinetics and by leaf oxidative status in a complex manner.
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24
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Chen Y, Cao C, Guo Z, Zhang Q, Li S, Zhang X, Gong J, Shen Y. Herbivore exposure alters ion fluxes and improves salt tolerance in a desert shrub. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:400-419. [PMID: 31674033 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved complex mechanisms that allow them to withstand multiple environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we investigated the interaction between herbivore exposure and salt stress of Ammopiptanthus nanus, a desert shrub. We found that jasmonic acid (JA) was involved in plant responses to both herbivore attack and salt stress, leading to an increased NaCl stress tolerance for herbivore-pretreated plants and increase in K+ /Na+ ratio in roots. Further evidence revealed the mechanism by which herbivore improved plant NaCl tolerance. Herbivore pretreatment reduced K+ efflux and increased Na+ efflux in plants subjected to long-term, short-term, or transient NaCl stress. Moreover, herbivore pretreatment promoted H+ efflux by increasing plasma membrane H+ -adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity. This H+ efflux creates a transmembrane proton motive force that drives the Na+ /H+ antiporter to expel excess Na+ into the external medium. In addition, high cytosolic Ca2+ was observed in the roots of herbivore-treated plants exposed to NaCl, and this effect may be regulated by H+ -ATPase. Taken together, herbivore exposure enhances A. nanus tolerance to salt stress by activating the JA-signalling pathway, increasing plasma membrane H+ -ATPase activity, promoting cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation, and then restricting K+ leakage and reducing Na+ accumulation in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanjian Cao
- China Forest Pest control and Quarantine Station of Ningxia, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhujuan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Gong
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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25
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Elicitor and Receptor Molecules: Orchestrators of Plant Defense and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030963. [PMID: 32024003 PMCID: PMC7037962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules produced by microorganisms and insects in the event of infection, microbial priming, and insect predation. These molecules are then recognized by receptor molecules on or within the plant, which activates the defense signaling pathways, resulting in plant’s ability to overcome pathogenic invasion, induce systemic resistance, and protect against insect predation and damage. These small molecular motifs are conserved in all organisms. Fungi, bacteria, and insects have their own specific molecular patterns that induce defenses in plants. Most of the molecular patterns are either present as part of the pathogen’s structure or exudates (in bacteria and fungi), or insect saliva and honeydew. Since biotic stresses such as pathogens and insects can impair crop yield and production, understanding the interaction between these organisms and the host via the elicitor–receptor interaction is essential to equip us with the knowledge necessary to design durable resistance in plants. In addition, it is also important to look into the role played by beneficial microbes and synthetic elicitors in activating plants’ defense and protection against disease and predation. This review addresses receptors, elicitors, and the receptor–elicitor interactions where these components in fungi, bacteria, and insects will be elaborated, giving special emphasis to the molecules, responses, and mechanisms at play, variations between organisms where applicable, and applications and prospects.
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26
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Martinez Henao J, Demers LE, Grosser K, Schedl A, van Dam NM, Bede JC. Fertilizer Rate-Associated Increase in Foliar Jasmonate Burst Observed in Wounded Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves is Attenuated at eCO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1636. [PMID: 32010155 PMCID: PMC6977439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The predicted future increase in tropospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels will have major effects on C3 plants and their interactions with other organisms in the biosphere. In response to attack by chewing arthropod herbivores or nectrotrophic pathogens, many plants mount a rapid and intense increase in jasmonate-related phytohormones that results in a robust defense response; however, previous studies have shown that C3 plants grown at elevated CO2 may have lower induced jasmonate levels, particularly in well nitrate-fertilized plants. Given the relationship between atmospheric CO2, photorespiration, cellular reductant and redox status, nitrogen assimilation and phytohormones, we compared wound-induced responses of the C3 plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These plants were fertilized at two different rates (1 or 10 mM) with nitrate or ammonium and grown at ambient or elevated CO2. In response to artificial wounding, an increase in cellular oxidative status leads to a strong increase in jasmonate phytohormones. At ambient CO2, increased oxidative state of nitrate-fertilized plants leads to a robust 7-iso-jasmonyl-L-isoleucine increase; however, the strong fertilizer rate-associated increase is alleviated in plants grown at elevated CO2. As well, the changes in ascorbate in response to wounding and wound-induced salicylic acid levels may also contribute to the suppression of the jasmonate burst. Understanding the mechanism underlying the attenuation of the jasmonate burst at elevated CO2 has important implications for fertilization strategies under future predicted climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis Erik Demers
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Katharina Grosser
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schedl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jacqueline C. Bede
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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27
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Osadchuk K, Cheng C, Irish EE. Jasmonic acid levels decline in advance of the transition to the adult phase in maize. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00180. [PMID: 31788658 PMCID: PMC6879778 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Leaf-derived signals drive the development of the shoot, eventually leading to flowering. In maize, transcripts of genes that facilitate jasmonic acid (JA) signaling are more abundant in juvenile compared to adult leaf primordia; exogenous application of JA both extends the juvenile phase and delays the decline in miR156 levels. To test the hypothesis that JA promotes juvenility, we measured JA and meJA levels using LC-MS in successive stages of leaf one development and in later leaves at stages leading up to phase change in both normal maize and phase change mutants. We concurrently measured gibberellic acid (GA), required for the timely transition to the adult phase. Jasmonic acid levels increased from germination through leaf one differentiation, declining in later formed leaves as the shoot approached phase change. In contrast, levels of GA were low in leaf one after germination and increased as the shoot matured to the adult phase. Multiple doses of exogenous JA resulted in the production of as many as three additional juvenile leaves. We analyzed two transcript expression datasets to investigate when gene regulation by miR156 begins in the context of spatiotemporal patterns of JA and GA signaling. Quantifying these hormones in phase change mutants provided insight into how these two hormones control phase-specific patterns of differentiation. We conclude that the hormone JA is a leaf-provisioned signal that influences the duration, and possibly the initiation, of the juvenile phase of maize by controlling patterns of differentiation in successive leaf primordia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erin E. Irish
- Department of BiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
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28
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Rasulov B, Talts E, Niinemets Ü. A novel approach for real-time monitoring of leaf wounding responses demonstrates unprecedently fast and high emissions of volatiles from cut leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:256-265. [PMID: 31128696 PMCID: PMC6837861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Wounding is a key plant stress that results in a rapid, within seconds to a few minutes, release of ubiquitous stress volatiles and stored volatiles in species with storage structures. Understanding the timing and extent of wound-dependent volatile elicitation is needed to gain an insight into different emission controls, but real-time monitoring of plant emissions through wounding treatments has been hampered by the need to stop the measurements to perform the wounding, slow stabilization of gas flows upon chamber closure and smearing out the signal by large chambers and long sampling lines. We developed a novel leaf cutter that allows to rapidly perform highly precise leaf cuts within the leaf chamber. The cutter was fitted to the standard Walz GFS-3000 portable gas-exchange system leaf chamber and chamber exhaust air for analysis with a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass-spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) was taken right at the leaf chamber outlet. Wounding experiments in four species of contrasting leaf structure demonstrated significant species differences in timing, extent and blend of emitted volatiles, and showed unprecedently high emission rates of several stress volatiles and stored monoterpenes. In light of the rapid rise of release of de novo synthesized and stored volatiles, the results of this study suggest that past studies have underestimated the rate of elicitation and maximum emission rates of wound-dependent volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahtijor Rasulov
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Talts
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia.
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29
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Zhao X, Chen S, Wang S, Shan W, Wang X, Lin Y, Su F, Yang Z, Yu X. Defensive Responses of Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis) Against Tea Green Leafhopper Attack: A Multi-Omics Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1705. [PMID: 32010173 PMCID: PMC6978701 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tea green leafhopper [Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda] is one of the most devastating pests of tea plants (Camellia sinensis), greatly impacting tea yield and quality. A thorough understanding of the interactions between the tea green leafhopper and the tea plant would facilitate a better pest management. To gain more insights into the molecular and biochemical mechanisms behind their interactions, a combined analysis of the global transcriptome and metabolome reconfiguration of the tea plant challenged with tea green leafhoppers was performed for the first time, complemented with phytohormone analysis. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF MS), together with quantifications by ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ MS), revealed a marked accumulation of various flavonoid compounds and glycosidically bound volatiles but a great reduction in the level of amino acids and glutathione upon leaf herbivory. RNA-Seq data analysis showed a clear modulation of processes related to plant defense. Genes pertaining to the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids, plant-pathogen interactions, and the biosynthesis of cuticle wax were significantly up-regulated. In particular, the transcript level for a CER1 homolog involved in cuticular wax alkane formation was most drastically elevated and an increase in C29 alkane levels in tea leaf waxes was observed. The tea green leafhopper attack triggered a significant increase in salicylic acid (SA) and a minor increase in jasmonic acid (JA) in infested tea leaves. Moreover, transcription factors (TFs) constitute a large portion of differentially expressed genes, with several TFs families likely involved in SA and JA signaling being significantly induced by tea green leafhopper feeding. This study presents a valuable resource for uncovering insect-induced genes and metabolites, which can potentially be used to enhance insect resistance in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenna Shan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaxia Wang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Lin
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Su
- Fujian Farming Technology Extension Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhenbiao Yang, ; Xiaomin Yu,
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenbiao Yang, ; Xiaomin Yu,
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Wang Y, Ju D, Yang X, Ma D, Wang X. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Between Resistant and Susceptible Rice Cultivars Responding to Striped Stem Borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis (Walker) Infestation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1717. [PMID: 30555350 PMCID: PMC6283980 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is a notorious pest of rice that causes large losses in China. Breeding and screening of resistance rice cultivars are effective strategies for C. suppressalis management. In this study, insect-resistant traits of 47 rice cultivars were investigated by C. suppressalis artificial infestation (AI) both in field and greenhouse experiments, using the susceptible (S) cultivar 1665 as a control. Results suggest that two rice cultivars, namely 1688 and 1654, are resistant (R) and moderately resistant (MR) to C. suppressalis, respectively. Then, a comparative transcriptome (RNA-Seq) was de novo assembled and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with altered expression levels were investigated among cultivars 1688, 1654, and 1665, with or without C. suppressalis infestation for 24 h. A total of 2569 and 1861 genes were up-regulated, and 3852 and 1861 genes were down-regulated in cultivars 1688 and 1654, respectively after artificial infestation with C. suppressalis compared to the non-infested control (CK). For the susceptible cultivar 1665, a total of 882 genes were up-regulated and 3863 genes were down-regulated after artificial infestation with C. suppressalis compared to the CK. Twenty four DEGs belong to proteinase inhibitor, lectin and chitinase gene families; plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction pathways were selected as candidate genes to test their possible role in C. suppressalis resistance. RT-qPCR results revealed that 13 genes were significantly up-regulated and 8 were significantly down-regulated in the resistant cultivar 1688 with C. suppressalis artificial infestation (1688AI) compared to the CK. Three genes, LTPL164, LTPL151, and LOC Os11g32100, showed more than a 10-fold higher expression in 1688AI than in 1688CK, suggesting their potential role in insect resistance. Overall, our results provide an important foundation for further understanding the insect resistance mechanisms of selected resistant varieties that will help us to breed C. suppressalis resistant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Ju
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dianrong Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Chen L, Cao T, Zhang J, Lou Y. Overexpression of OsGID1 Enhances the Resistance of Rice to the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092744. [PMID: 30217023 PMCID: PMC6164479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) play pivotal roles in plant growth and development, and in defenses against pathogens. Thus far, how the GA-mediated signaling pathway regulates plant defenses against herbivores remains largely unknown. In this study, we cloned the rice GA receptor gene OsGID1, whose expression was induced by damage from the brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens, mechanical wounding, and treatment with salicylic acid (SA), but not jasmonic acid. The overexpression of OsGID1 (oe-GID1) decreased BPH-induced levels of SA, H₂O₂, and three SA-pathway-related WRKY transcripts, but enhanced BPH-induced levels of ethylene. Bioassays in the laboratory revealed that gravid BPH females preferred to feed and lay eggs on wild type (WT) plants than on oe-GID1 plants. Moreover, the hatching rate of BPH eggs on oe-GID1 plants was significantly lower than that on WT plants. In the field, population densities of BPH adults and nymphs were consistently and significantly lower on oe-OsGID1 plants than on WT plants. The increased resistance in oe-GID1 plants was probably due to the increased lignin level mediated by the GA pathway, and to the decrease in the expression of the three WRKY genes. Our findings illustrated that the OsGID1-mediated GA pathway plays a positive role in mediating the resistance of rice to BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Tiantian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Arena GD, Ramos-González PL, Rogerio LA, Ribeiro-Alves M, Casteel CL, Freitas-Astúa J, Machado MA. Making a Better Home: Modulation of Plant Defensive Response by Brevipalpus Mites. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1147. [PMID: 30158942 PMCID: PMC6104575 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
False-spider mites of the genus Brevipalpus are highly polyphagous pests that attack hundreds of plant species of distinct families worldwide. Besides causing direct damage, these mites may also act as vectors of many plant viruses that threaten high-value ornamental plants like orchids and economically important crops such as citrus and coffee. To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant-mite interaction we used an RNA-Seq approach to assess the global response of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) plants along the course of the infestation with Brevipalpus yothersi, the main vector species within the genus. Mite infestation triggered a drastic transcriptome reprogramming soon at the beginning of the interaction and throughout the time course, deregulating 1755, 3069 and 2680 genes at 6 hours after infestation (hai), 2 days after infestation (dai), and 6 dai, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a clear modulation of processes related to the plant immune system. Co-expressed genes correlated with specific classes of transcription factors regulating defense pathways and developmental processes. Up-regulation of defensive responses correlated with the down-regulation of growth-related processes, suggesting the triggering of the growth-defense crosstalk to optimize plant fitness. Biological processes (BPs) enriched at all time points were markedly related to defense against herbivores and other biotic stresses involving the defense hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Levels of both hormones were higher in plants challenged with mites than in the non-infested ones, supporting the simultaneous induction of genes from both pathways. To further clarify the functional relevance of the plant hormonal pathways on the interaction, we evaluated the mite performance on Arabidopsis mutants impaired in SA- or JA-mediated response. Mite oviposition was lower on mutants defective in SA biosynthesis (sid2) and signaling (npr1), showing a function for SA pathway in improving the mite reproduction, an unusual mechanism compared to closely-related spider mites. Here we provide the first report on the global and dynamic plant transcriptome triggered by Brevipalpus feeding, extending our knowledge on plant-mite interaction. Furthermore, our results suggest that Brevipalpus mites manipulate the plant defensive response to render the plant more susceptible to their colonization by inducing the SA-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella D. Arena
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Luana A. Rogerio
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clare L. Casteel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Fitopatológica, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Machado
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, Brazil
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Camoni L, Barbero F, Aducci P, Maffei ME. Spodoptera littoralis oral secretions inhibit the activity of Phaseolus lunatus plasma membrane H+-ATPase. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202142. [PMID: 30096181 PMCID: PMC6086434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic stresses induced by herbivores result in diverse physiological changes in plants. In the interaction between the Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and the herbivore Spodoptera littoralis, the earliest event induced by feeding on leaves is the depolarization of the plasma membrane potential (Vm), which is the results of both mechanical damage and insect oral secretions (OS). Although this herbivore-induced Vm depolarization depends on a calcium-dependent opening of potassium channels, the attacked leaf remains depolarized for an extended period, which cannot be explained by the sole action of potassium channels. Here we show that the plasma membrane H+-ATPase of P. lunatus leaves is strongly inhibited by S. littoralis OS. Inhibition of the H+-ATPase was also found in plasma membranes purified from leaf sections located distally from the application zone of OS, thus suggesting a long-distance transport of a signaling molecule(s). S. littoralis’ OS did not influence the amount of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, whereas the levels of membrane-bound 14-3-3 proteins were significantly decreased in membranes purified from treated leaves. Furthermore, OS strongly reduced the in vitro interaction between P. lunatus H+-ATPase and 14-3-3 proteins. The results of this work demonstrate that inhibition of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase is a key component of the S. littoralis OS mechanism leading to an enduring Vm depolarization in P. lunatus wounded leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Camoni
- Dept. Biology, Universtity of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Barbero
- Dept. Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Aducci
- Dept. Biology, Universtity of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Dept. Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Santamaria ME, Arnaiz A, Gonzalez-Melendi P, Martinez M, Diaz I. Plant Perception and Short-Term Responses to Phytophagous Insects and Mites. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1356. [PMID: 29751577 PMCID: PMC5983831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant⁻pest relationships involve complex processes encompassing a network of molecules, signals, and regulators for overcoming defenses they develop against each other. Phytophagous arthropods identify plants mainly as a source of food. In turn, plants develop a variety of strategies to avoid damage and survive. The success of plant defenses depends on rapid and specific recognition of the phytophagous threat. Subsequently, plants trigger a cascade of short-term responses that eventually result in the production of a wide range of compounds with defense properties. This review deals with the main features involved in the interaction between plants and phytophagous insects and acari, focusing on early responses from the plant side. A general landscape of the diverse strategies employed by plants within the first hours after pest perception to block the capability of phytophagous insects to develop mechanisms of resistance is presented, with the potential of providing alternatives for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Aldon D, Mbengue M, Mazars C, Galaud JP. Calcium Signalling in Plant Biotic Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E665. [PMID: 29495448 PMCID: PMC5877526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal second messenger involved in various cellular processes, leading to plant development and to biotic and abiotic stress responses. Intracellular variation in free Ca2+ concentration is among the earliest events following the plant perception of environmental change. These Ca2+ variations differ in their spatio-temporal properties according to the nature, strength and duration of the stimulus. However, their conversion into biological responses requires Ca2+ sensors for decoding and relaying. The occurrence in plants of calmodulin (CaM) but also of other sets of plant-specific Ca2+ sensors such as calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) indicate that plants possess specific tools and machineries to convert Ca2+ signals into appropriate responses. Here, we focus on recent progress made in monitoring the generation of Ca2+ signals at the whole plant or cell level and their long distance propagation during biotic interactions. The contribution of CaM/CMLs and CDPKs in plant immune responses mounted against bacteria, fungi, viruses and insects are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Aldon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Malick Mbengue
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Christian Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Luo X, Li X. Long Non-Coding RNAs Serve as Diagnostic Biomarkers of Preeclampsia and Modulate Migration and Invasiveness of Trophoblast Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:84-91. [PMID: 29302021 PMCID: PMC5766055 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of tumor progression. However, the effects of lncRNAs in preeclampsia are not entirely clear. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential of lncRNAs to serve as biomarkers in preeclampsia. Material/Methods The RNA expression levels of lncRNAs (NR_027457, BC030099, AF037219, NR_024178, AF085938, G43016, G36948, NR_029420, NR_024015, AK002210, NR_026643, and AL049277) in the serum of patients with preeclampsia and in the serum of normal controls were measured by qRT-PCR. The area under the curve (AUC), the optimal cut-off values, the specificity, and the sensitivity of NR_027457, AF085938, G36948, and AK002210 were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We designed RNA interference species to suppress NR_027457 and G36948 and identified the roles of NR_027457 and G36948 in the functions of a trophoblast cell line (HTR-8/SVneo). Results The qRT-PCR results indicated that NR_027457 and AF085938 were significantly up-regulated, whereas G36948 and AK002210 were significantly down-regulated in preeclampsia. We found that NR_027457, AF085938, G36948, and AK002210 had potential diagnostic value for the detection of preeclampsia. Furthermore, the levels of NR_027457, AF085938, G36948, and AK002210 in the serum of patients were significantly different before vs. after surgery. The silencing of NR_027457 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of HTR-8/SVneo cells, while the silencing of G36948 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Conclusions NR_027457, AF085938, G36948, and AK002210 can serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers in preeclampsia, and NR_027457 and G36948 might be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucui Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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DNA Sensing across the Tree of Life. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:719-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Sobhy IS, Miyake A, Shinya T, Galis I. Oral Secretions Affect HIPVs Induced by Generalist (Mythimna loreyi) and Specialist (Parnara guttata) Herbivores in Rice. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:929-943. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Woźniak A, Drzewiecka K, Kęsy J, Marczak Ł, Narożna D, Grobela M, Motała R, Bocianowski J, Morkunas I. The Influence of Lead on Generation of Signalling Molecules and Accumulation of Flavonoids in Pea Seedlings in Response to Pea Aphid Infestation. Molecules 2017; 22:E1404. [PMID: 28837107 PMCID: PMC6151543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an abiotic factor, i.e., lead at various concentrations (low causing a hormesis effect and causing high toxicity effects), on the generation of signalling molecules in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Cysterski) seedlings and then during infestation by the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris). The second objective was to verify whether the presence of lead in pea seedling organs and induction of signalling pathways dependent on the concentration of this metal trigger defense responses to A. pisum. Therefore, the profile of flavonoids and expression levels of genes encoding enzymes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (phenylalanine ammonialyase and chalcone synthase) were determined. A significant accumulation of total salicylic acid (TSA) and abscisic acid (ABA) was recorded in the roots and leaves of pea seedlings growing on lead-supplemented medium and next during infestation by aphids. Increased generation of these phytohormones strongly enhanced the biosynthesis of flavonoids, including a phytoalexin, pisatin. This research provides insights into the cross-talk between the abiotic (lead) and biotic factor (aphid infestation) on the level of the generation of signalling molecules and their role in the induction of flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Woźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Kinga Drzewiecka
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jacek Kęsy
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dorota Narożna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marcin Grobela
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Environmental Analyses, the Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute, Węgorka 20, 60-101 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Rafał Motała
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Environmental Analyses, the Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute, Węgorka 20, 60-101 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Iwona Morkunas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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Rahman MU, Khan AQ, Rahmat Z, Iqbal MA, Zafar Y. Genetics and Genomics of Cotton Leaf Curl Disease, Its Viral Causal Agents and Whitefly Vector: A Way Forward to Sustain Cotton Fiber Security. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1157. [PMID: 28725230 PMCID: PMC5495822 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) after its first epidemic in 1912 in Nigeria, has spread to different cotton growing countries including United States, Pakistan, India, and China. The disease is of viral origin-transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, which is difficult to control because of the prevalence of multiple virulent viral strains or related species. The problem is further complicated as the CLCuD causing virus complex has a higher recombination rate. The availability of alternate host crops like tomato, okra, etc., and practicing mixed type farming system have further exaggerated the situation by adding synergy to the evolution of new viral strains and vectors. Efforts to control this disease using host plant resistance remained successful using two gene based-resistance that was broken by the evolution of new resistance breaking strain called Burewala virus. Development of transgenic cotton using both pathogen and non-pathogenic derived approaches are in progress. In future, screening for new forms of host resistance, use of DNA markers for the rapid incorporation of resistance into adapted cultivars overlaid with transgenics and using genome editing by CRISPR/Cas system would be instrumental in adding multiple layers of defense to control the disease-thus cotton fiber production will be sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob-ur- Rahman
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Q. Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Rahmat
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A. Iqbal
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yusuf Zafar
- Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad, Pakistan
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Pizzolante G, Cordero C, Tredici SM, Vergara D, Pontieri P, Del Giudice L, Capuzzo A, Rubiolo P, Kanchiswamy CN, Zebelo SA, Bicchi C, Maffei ME, Alifano P. Cultivable gut bacteria provide a pathway for adaptation of Chrysolina herbacea to Mentha aquatica volatiles. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:30. [PMID: 28249605 PMCID: PMC5333409 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-0986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chemical cross-talk between plants and insects is required in order to achieve a successful co-adaptation. In response to herbivory, plants produce specific compounds, and feeding insects respond adequately7 to molecules produced by plants. Here we show the role of the gut microbial community of the mint beetle Chrysolina herbacea in the chemical cross-talk with Mentha aquatica (or watermint). RESULTS By using two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry we first evaluated the chemical patterns of both M. aquatica leaf and frass volatiles extracted by C. herbacea males and females feeding on plants, and observed marked differences between males and females volatiles. The sex-specific chemical pattern of the frass paralleled with sex-specific distribution of cultivable gut bacteria. Indeed, all isolated gut bacteria from females belonged to either α- or γ-Proteobacteria, whilst those from males were γ-Proteobacteria or Firmicutes. We then demonstrated that five Serratia marcescens strains from females possessed antibacterial activity against bacteria from males belonging to Firmicutes suggesting competition by production of antimicrobial compounds. By in vitro experiments, we lastly showed that the microbial communities from the two sexes were associated to specific metabolic patterns with respect to their ability to biotransform M. aquatica terpenoids, and metabolize them into an array of compounds with possible pheromone activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that cultivable gut bacteria of Chrysolina herbacea males and females influence the volatile blend of herbivory induced Mentha aquatica volatiles in a sex-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Pizzolante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria n°9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore M. Tredici
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Davide Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Paola Pontieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-UOS Portici (IBBR-UOS Portici), CNR, Portici (NA) c/o, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-UOS Portici (IBBR-UOS Portici), CNR, Portici (NA) c/o, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Capuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria n°9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Chidananda N. Kanchiswamy
- Research and Innovation Centre Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Istituto Agrario San Michele (IASMA), Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN Italy
| | - Simon A. Zebelo
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, 1117 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, 21853 MD USA
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria n°9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Donze-Reiner T, Palmer NA, Scully ED, Prochaska TJ, Koch KG, Heng-Moss T, Bradshaw JD, Twigg P, Amundsen K, Sattler SE, Sarath G. Transcriptional analysis of defense mechanisms in upland tetraploid switchgrass to greenbugs. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:46. [PMID: 28209137 PMCID: PMC5314684 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-0998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphid infestation of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has the potential to reduce yields and biomass quality. Although switchgrass-greenbug (Schizaphis graminum; GB) interactions have been studied at the whole plant level, little information is available on plant defense responses at the molecular level. RESULTS The global transcriptomic response of switchgrass cv Summer to GB was monitored by RNA-Seq in infested and control (uninfested) plants harvested at 5, 10, and 15 days after infestation (DAI). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in infested plants were analyzed relative to control uninfested plants at each time point. DEGs in GB-infested plants induced by 5-DAI included an upregulation of reactive burst oxidases and several cell wall receptors. Expression changes in genes linked to redox metabolism, cell wall structure, and hormone biosynthesis were also observed by 5-DAI. At 10-DAI, network analysis indicated a massive upregulation of defense-associated genes, including NAC, WRKY, and MYB classes of transcription factors and potential ancillary signaling molecules such as leucine aminopeptidases. Molecular evidence for loss of chloroplastic functions was also detected at this time point. Supporting these molecular changes, chlorophyll content was significantly decreased, and ROS levels were elevated in infested plants 10-DAI. Total peroxidase and laccase activities were elevated in infested plants at 10-DAI relative to control uninfested plants. The net result appeared to be a broad scale defensive response that led to an apparent reduction in C and N assimilation and a potential redirection of nutrients away from GB and towards the production of defensive compounds, such as pipecolic acid, chlorogenic acid, and trehalose by 10-DAI. By 15-DAI, evidence of recovery in primary metabolism was noted based on transcript abundances for genes associated with carbon, nitrogen, and nutrient assimilation. CONCLUSIONS Extensive remodeling of the plant transcriptome and the production of ROS and several defensive metabolites in an upland switchgrass cultivar were observed in response to GB feeding. The early loss and apparent recovery in primary metabolism by 15-DAI would suggest that these transcriptional changes in later stages of GB infestation could underlie the recovery response categorized for this switchgrass cultivar. These results can be exploited to develop switchgrass lines with more durable resistance to GB and potentially other aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Donze-Reiner
- Department of Biology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA 19383 USA
| | - Nathan A. Palmer
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937 USA
| | - Erin D. Scully
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937 USA
- Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA
| | - Travis J. Prochaska
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0816 USA
- Present address: North Central Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, South Minot, ND 58701 USA
| | - Kyle G. Koch
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0816 USA
| | - Tiffany Heng-Moss
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0816 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Bradshaw
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0816 USA
| | - Paul Twigg
- Biology Department, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849 USA
| | - Keenan Amundsen
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915 USA
| | - Scott E. Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937 USA
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 251 Filley Hall, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937 USA
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Arena GD, Ramos-González PL, Nunes MA, Ribeiro-Alves M, Camargo LEA, Kitajima EW, Machado MA, Freitas-Astúa J. Citrus leprosis virus C Infection Results in Hypersensitive-Like Response, Suppression of the JA/ET Plant Defense Pathway and Promotion of the Colonization of Its Mite Vector. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1757. [PMID: 27933078 PMCID: PMC5122717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leprosis is a serious disease of citrus caused by Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C, genus Cilevirus) whose transmission is mediated by false spider mites of the genus Brevipalpus. CiLV-C infection does not systemically spread in any of its known host plants, thus remaining restricted to local lesions around the feeding sites of viruliferous mites. To get insight into this unusual pathosystem, we evaluated the expression profiles of genes involved in defense mechanisms of Arabidopsis thaliana and Citrus sinensis upon infestation with non-viruliferous and viruliferous mites by using reverse-transcription qPCR. These results were analyzed together with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the appearance of dead cells as assessed by histochemical assays. After interaction with non-viruliferous mites, plants locally accumulated ROS and triggered the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET) pathways. ERF branch of the JA/ET pathways was highly activated. In contrast, JA pathway genes were markedly suppressed upon the CiLV-C infection mediated by viruliferous mites. Viral infection also intensified the ROS burst and cell death, and enhanced the expression of genes involved in the RNA silencing mechanism and SA pathway. After 13 days of infestation of two sets of Arabidopsis plants with non-viruliferous and viruliferous mites, the number of mites in the CiLV-C infected Arabidopsis plants was significantly higher than in those infested with the non-viruliferous ones. Oviposition of the viruliferous mites occurred preferentially in the CiLV-C infected leaves. Based on these results, we postulated the first model of plant/Brevipalpus mite/cilevirus interaction in which cells surrounding the feeding sites of viruliferous mites typify the outcome of a hypersensitive-like response, whereas viral infection induces changes in the behavior of its vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella D. Arena
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Citros, Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de CampinasSão Paulo, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro L. Ramos-González
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Citros, Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de CampinasSão Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Fitopatológica, Instituto BiológicoSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Nunes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Citros, Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de CampinasSão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luis E. A. Camargo
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elliot W. Kitajima
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Machado
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Citros, Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de CampinasSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Fitopatológica, Instituto BiológicoSão Paulo, Brazil
- Embrapa Mandioca e FruticulturaCruz das Almas, Brazil
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Li J, Zhu L, Hull JJ, Liang S, Daniell H, Jin S, Zhang X. Transcriptome analysis reveals a comprehensive insect resistance response mechanism in cotton to infestation by the phloem feeding insect Bemisia tabaci (whitefly). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1956-75. [PMID: 26923339 PMCID: PMC5042180 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) causes tremendous damage to cotton production worldwide. However, very limited information is available about how plants perceive and defend themselves from this destructive pest. In this study, the transcriptomic differences between two cotton cultivars that exhibit either strong resistance (HR) or sensitivity (ZS) to whitefly were compared at different time points (0, 12, 24 and 48 h after infection) using RNA-Seq. Approximately one billion paired-end reads were obtained by Illumina sequencing technology. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the cotton transcriptional response to whitefly infestation involves genes encoding protein kinases, transcription factors, metabolite synthesis, and phytohormone signalling. Furthermore, a weighted gene co-expression network constructed from RNA-Seq datasets showed that WRKY40 and copper transport protein are hub genes that may regulate cotton defenses to whitefly infestation. Silencing GhMPK3 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in suppression of the MPK-WRKY-JA and ET pathways and lead to enhanced whitefly susceptibility, suggesting that the candidate insect resistant genes identified in this RNA-Seq analysis are credible and offer significant utility. Taken together, this study provides comprehensive insights into the cotton defense system to whitefly infestation and has identified several candidate genes for control of phloem-feeding pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J Joe Hull
- USDA-ARS, Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Sijia Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Extracellular Self-DNA (esDNA), but Not Heterologous Plant or Insect DNA (etDNA), Induces Plasma Membrane Depolarization and Calcium Signaling in Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and Maize (Zea mays). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101659. [PMID: 27690017 PMCID: PMC5085692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular self-DNA (esDNA) is produced during cell and tissue damage or degradation and has been shown to induce significant responses in several organisms, including plants. While the inhibitory effects of esDNA have been shown in conspecific individuals, little is known on the early events involved upon plant esDNA perception. We used electrophysiology and confocal laser scanning microscopy calcium localization to evaluate the plasma membrane potential (Vm) variations and the intracellular calcium fluxes, respectively, in Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and maize (Zea mays) plants exposed to esDNA and extracellular heterologous DNA (etDNA) and to etDNA from Spodoptera littoralis larvae and oral secretions. In both species, esDNA induced a significant Vm depolarization and an increased flux of calcium, whereas etDNA was unable to exert any of these early signaling events. These findings confirm the specificity of esDNA to induce plant cell responses and to trigger early signaling events that eventually lead to plant response to damage.
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Hulsmans S, Rodriguez M, De Coninck B, Rolland F. The SnRK1 Energy Sensor in Plant Biotic Interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:648-661. [PMID: 27156455 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of plant biotic interactions has grown significantly in recent years with the identification of the mechanisms involved in innate immunity, hormone signaling, and secondary metabolism. The impact of such interactions on primary metabolism and the role of metabolic signals in the response of the plants, however, remain far less explored. The SnRK1 (SNF1-related kinase 1) kinases act as metabolic sensors, integrating very diverse stress conditions, and are key in maintaining energy homeostasis for growth and survival. Consistently, an important role is emerging for these kinases as regulators of biotic stress responses triggered by viral, bacterial, fungal, and oomycete infections as well as by herbivory. While this identifies SnRK1 as a promising target for directed modification or selection for more quantitative and sustainable resistance, its central function also increases the chances of unwanted side effects on growth and fitness, stressing the need for identification and in-depth characterization of the mechanisms and target processes involved. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Hulsmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven-KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marianela Rodriguez
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Camino 60 cuadras km 5.5 X5020ICA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Barbara De Coninck
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Microbial and Molecular Systems Department, University of Leuven-KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium; Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Department of Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Filip Rolland
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven-KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium.
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Carmody M, Crisp PA, d'Alessandro S, Ganguly D, Gordon M, Havaux M, Albrecht-Borth V, Pogson BJ. Uncoupling High Light Responses from Singlet Oxygen Retrograde Signaling and Spatial-Temporal Systemic Acquired Acclimation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1734-49. [PMID: 27288360 PMCID: PMC4936574 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Distinct ROS signaling pathways initiated by singlet oxygen ((1)O2) or superoxide and hydrogen peroxide have been attributed to either cell death or acclimation, respectively. Recent studies have revealed that more complex antagonistic and synergistic relationships exist within and between these pathways. As specific chloroplastic ROS signals are difficult to study, rapid systemic signaling experiments using localized high light (HL) stress or ROS treatments were used in this study to uncouple signals required for direct HL and ROS perception and distal systemic acquired acclimation (SAA). A qPCR approach was chosen to determine local perception and distal signal reception. Analysis of a thylakoidal ascorbate peroxidase mutant (tapx), the (1)O2-retrograde signaling double mutant (ex1/ex2), and an apoplastic signaling double mutant (rbohD/F) revealed that tAPX and EXECUTER 1 are required for both HL and systemic acclimation stress perception. Apoplastic membrane-localized RBOHs were required for systemic spread of the signal but not for local signal induction in directly stressed tissues. Endogenous ROS treatments revealed a very strong systemic response induced by a localized 1 h induction of (1)O2 using the conditional flu mutant. A qPCR time course of (1)O2 induced systemic marker genes in directly and indirectly connected leaves revealed a direct vascular connection component of both immediate and longer term SAA signaling responses. These results reveal the importance of an EXECUTER-dependent (1)O2 retrograde signal for both local and long distance RBOH-dependent acclimation signaling that is distinct from other HL signaling pathways, and that direct vascular connections have a role in spatial-temporal SAA induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Carmody
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Acton ACT 0200, Australia (M.C., P.C., D.G., M.G., V.A.-B., B.J.P.); Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland (M.C.); andCEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.A., M.H.)
| | - Peter A Crisp
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Acton ACT 0200, Australia (M.C., P.C., D.G., M.G., V.A.-B., B.J.P.); Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland (M.C.); andCEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.A., M.H.)
| | - Stefano d'Alessandro
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Acton ACT 0200, Australia (M.C., P.C., D.G., M.G., V.A.-B., B.J.P.); Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland (M.C.); andCEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.A., M.H.)
| | - Diep Ganguly
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Acton ACT 0200, Australia (M.C., P.C., D.G., M.G., V.A.-B., B.J.P.); Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland (M.C.); andCEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.A., M.H.)
| | - Matthew Gordon
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Acton ACT 0200, Australia (M.C., P.C., D.G., M.G., V.A.-B., B.J.P.); Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland (M.C.); andCEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.A., M.H.)
| | - Michel Havaux
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Acton ACT 0200, Australia (M.C., P.C., D.G., M.G., V.A.-B., B.J.P.); Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland (M.C.); andCEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.A., M.H.)
| | - Verónica Albrecht-Borth
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Acton ACT 0200, Australia (M.C., P.C., D.G., M.G., V.A.-B., B.J.P.); Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland (M.C.); andCEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.A., M.H.)
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Acton ACT 0200, Australia (M.C., P.C., D.G., M.G., V.A.-B., B.J.P.); Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland (M.C.); andCEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.A., M.H.)
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de Rijk M, Yang D, Engel B, Dicke M, Poelman EH. Feeding guild of non-host community members affects host-foraging efficiency of a parasitic wasp. Ecology 2016; 97:1388-99. [DOI: 10.1890/15-1300.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein de Rijk
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Daowei Yang
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Bas Engel
- Biometris; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 100 6700 AC Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
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49
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Rowen E, Kaplan I. Eco-evolutionary factors drive induced plant volatiles: a meta-analysis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:284-94. [PMID: 26725245 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) mediate critical ecological functions, but no studies have quantitatively synthesized data published on HIPVs to evaluate broad patterns. We tested three hypotheses that use eco-evolutionary theory to predict volatile induction: feeding guild (chewing arthropods > sap feeders), diet breadth (specialist herbivores > generalists), and selection history (domesticated plants < wild species). To test these hypotheses, we extracted data from 236 experiments that report volatiles produced by herbivore-damaged and undamaged plants. These data were subjected to meta-analysis, including effects on total volatiles and major biochemical classes. Overall, we found that chewers induced more volatiles than sap feeders, for both total volatiles and most volatile classes (e.g. green leaf volatiles, monoterpenes). Although specialist herbivores induced more total volatiles than generalists, this was inconsistent across chemical classes. Contrary to our expectation, domesticated species induced stronger volatile responses than wild species, even when controlling for plant taxonomy. Surprisingly, this is the first quantitative synthesis of published studies on HIPVs. Our analysis provides support for perceptions in the published literature (chewers > sap feeders), while challenging other commonly held notions (wild > crop). Despite the large number of experiments, we identified several gaps in the existing literature that should guide future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rowen
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-3508, USA
| | - Ian Kaplan
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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de Rijk M, Krijn M, Jenniskens W, Engel B, Dicke M, Poelman EH. Flexible parasitoid behaviour overcomes constraint resulting from position of host and nonhost herbivores. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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