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Tathode MS, Bonomo MG, Zappavigna S, Mang SM, Bocchetti M, Camele I, Caraglia M, Salzano G. Whole-genome analysis suggesting probiotic potential and safety properties of Pediococcus pentosaceus DSPZPP1, a promising LAB strain isolated from traditional fermented sausages of the Basilicata region (Southern Italy). Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1268216. [PMID: 38638895 PMCID: PMC11024341 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1268216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains are currently gaining attention in the food industry and various biological applications because of their harmless and functional properties. Given the growing consumer demand for safe food, further research into potential probiotic bacteria is beneficial. Therefore, we aimed to characterize Pediococcus pentosaceus DSPZPP1, a LAB strain isolated from traditional fermented sausages from the Basilicata region of Southern Italy. Methods In this study, we analyzed the whole genome of the P. pentosaceus DSPZPP1 strain and performed in silico characterization to evaluate its applicability for probiotics and use in the food industry. Results and Discussion The whole-genome assembly and functional annotations revealed many interesting characteristics of the DSPZPP1 strain. Sequencing raw reads were assembled into a draft genome of size 1,891,398 bp, with a G + C content of 37.3%. Functional annotation identified 1930 protein-encoding genes and 58 RNAs including tRNA, tmRNA, and 16S, 23S, and 5S rRNAs. The analysis shows the presence of genes that encode water-soluble B-group vitamins such as biotin, folate, coenzyme A, and riboflavin. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the DSPZPP1 strain can synthesize class II bacteriocin, penocin A, adding importance to the food industry for bio-enriched food. The DSPZPP1 genome does not show the presence of plasmids, and no genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence were found. In addition, two intact bacteriophages were identified. Importantly, the lowest probability value in pathogenicity analysis indicates that this strain is non-pathogenic to humans. 16 s rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis and comparative analysis based on ANI and Tetra reveal that the DSPZPP1 strain shares the closest evolutionary relationship with P. pentosaceus DSM 20336 and other Pediococcus strains. Analysis of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) identified glycosyl transferases (GT) as a main class of enzymes followed by glycoside hydrolases (GH). Our study shows several interesting characteristics of the isolated DSPZPP1 strain from fermented Italian sausages, suggesting its potential use as a promising probiotic candidate and making it more appropriate for selection as a future additive in biopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura S. Tathode
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bonomo
- Department of Science, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff TNcKILLERS, Potenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Mirela Mang
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Marco Bocchetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Department of Science, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff TNcKILLERS, Potenza, Italy
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Pedretti N, Iseppi R, Condò C, Spaggiari L, Messi P, Pericolini E, Di Cerbo A, Ardizzoni A, Sabia C. Cell-Free Supernatant from a Strain of Bacillus siamensis Isolated from the Skin Showed a Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity. Microorganisms 2024; 12:718. [PMID: 38674662 PMCID: PMC11052359 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the search for new compounds with antibacterial activity has drastically increased due to the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. In this study, we analyzed Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) from Bacillus siamensis, assessing its potential antimicrobial activity against some of the main pathogenic microorganisms of human interest. To achieve this goal, we exploited the natural antagonism of skin-colonizing bacteria and their ability to produce compounds with antimicrobial activity. Biochemical and molecular methods were used to identify 247 strains isolated from the skin. Among these, we found that CFS from a strain of Bacillus siamensis (that we named CPAY1) showed significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Candida spp. In this study, we gathered information on CFS's antimicrobial activity and on its sensitivity to chemical-physical parameters. Time-kill studies were performed; anti-biofilm activity, antibiotic resistance, and plasmid presence were also investigated. The antimicrobial compounds included in the CFS showed resistance to the proteolytic enzymes and were heat stable. The production of antimicrobial compounds started after 4 h of culture (20 AU/mL). CPAY1 CFS showed antimicrobial activity after 7 h of bacteria co-culture. The anti-biofilm activity of the CPAY1 CFS against all the tested strains was also remarkable. B. siamensis CPAY1 did not reveal the presence of a plasmid and showed susceptibility to all the antibiotics tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pedretti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (N.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Ramona Iseppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.I.); (C.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Carla Condò
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.I.); (C.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Luca Spaggiari
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Messi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.I.); (C.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (N.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (N.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Carla Sabia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.I.); (C.C.); (P.M.)
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Wagner TM, Pöntinen AK, Fenzel CK, Engi D, Janice J, Almeida-Santos AC, Tedim AP, Freitas AR, Peixe L, van Schaik W, Johannessen M, Hegstad K. Interactions between commensal Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus lactis and clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium. FEMS MICROBES 2024; 5:xtae009. [PMID: 38606354 PMCID: PMC11008740 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium (Efm) is a versatile pathogen, responsible for multidrug-resistant infections, especially in hospitalized immunocompromised patients. Its population structure has been characterized by diverse clades (A1, A2, and B (reclassified as E. lactis (Ela)), adapted to different environments, and distinguished by their resistomes and virulomes. These features only partially explain the predominance of clade A1 strains in nosocomial infections. We investigated in vitro interaction of 50 clinical isolates (clade A1 Efm) against 75 commensal faecal isolates from healthy humans (25 clade A2 Efm and 50 Ela). Only 36% of the commensal isolates inhibited clinical isolates, while 76% of the clinical isolates inhibited commensal isolates. The most apparent overall differences in inhibition patterns were presented between clades. The inhibitory activity was mainly mediated by secreted, proteinaceous, heat-stable compounds, likely indicating an involvement of bacteriocins. A custom-made database targeting 76 Bacillota bacteriocins was used to reveal bacteriocins in the genomes. Our systematic screening of the interactions between nosocomial and commensal Efm and Ela on a large scale suggests that, in a clinical setting, nosocomial strains not only have an advantage over commensal strains due to their possession of AMR genes, virulence factors, and resilience but also inhibit the growth of commensal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Maria Wagner
- Research group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anna Kaarina Pöntinen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Carolin Kornelia Fenzel
- Research group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Daniel Engi
- Research group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jessin Janice
- Research group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ana C Almeida-Santos
- UCIBIO. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia. Faculdade de Farmácia. Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Tedim
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CiberES CB22/06/00035), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana R Freitas
- UCIBIO. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia. Faculdade de Farmácia. Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- 1H- TOXRUN – One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, 4584-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia. Faculdade de Farmácia. Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Willem van Schaik
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Research group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristin Hegstad
- Research group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
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Sevim B, Güneş Altuntaş E. Molecular Dynamic Study on the Structure and Thermal Stability of Mutant Pediocin PA-1 Peptides Engineered with Cysteine Substitutions. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10225-3. [PMID: 38424320 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Pediocin and analogous bacteriocins, valued for thermal stability, serve as versatile antimicrobials in the food sector. Improving their resilience at high temperatures and deriving derivatives not only benefit food production but also offer broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential in pharmaceuticals, spanning treatments for peptic ulcers, women's health, and novel anticancer agents. The study aims to create mutant peptides capable of establishing a third disulfide bond or enhanced through cysteine substitutions. This involves introducing additional Cys residues into the inherent structure of pediocin PA-1 to facilitate disulfide bond formation. Five mutants (Mut 1-5) were systematically generated with double Cys substitutions and assessed for thermal stability through MD simulations across temperatures (298-394 K). The most robust mutants (Mut 1, Mut 4-5) underwent extended analysis via MD simulations, comparing their structural stability, secondary structure, and surface accessibility to the reference Pediocin PA-1 molecule. This comprehensive assessment aims to understand how Cys substitutions influence disulfide bonds and the overall thermal stability of the mutant peptides. In silico analysis indicated that Mut 1 and Mut 5, along with the reference structure, lose their helical structure and one natural disulfide bond at high temperatures, and may impacting antimicrobial activity. Conversely, Mut 4 retained its helical structure and exhibited thermal stability similar to Pediocin PA-1. Pending further experimental validation, this study implies Mut 4 may have high stability and exceptional resistance to high temperatures, potentially serving as an effective antimicrobial alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Sevim
- Ankara University Biotechnology Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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Hofkens N, Gestels Z, Abdellati S, De Baetselier I, Gabant P, Martin A, Kenyon C, Manoharan-Basil SS. Microbisporicin (NAI-107) protects Galleria mellonella from infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0282523. [PMID: 37823634 PMCID: PMC10715042 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02825-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We screened 66 bacteriocins to see if they exhibited anti-gonococcal activity. We found 12 bacteriocins with anti-gonococcal effects, and 4 bacteriocins showed higher anti-gonococcal activity. Three bacteriocins, lacticin Z, lacticin Q, and Garvicin KS (ABC), showed in vitro anti-gonococcal activity but no in vivo inhibitory effects against the Neisseria gonorrhoeae (WHO-P) isolate. On the other hand, NAI-107 showed in vivo anti-gonococcal activity. The findings suggest that NAI-107 is a promising alternative to treat gonorrhea infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Hofkens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zina Gestels
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Said Abdellati
- Clinical Reference Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irith De Baetselier
- Clinical Reference Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Christopher Kenyon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Farid N, Waheed A, Motwani S. Synthetic and natural antimicrobials as a control against food borne pathogens: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17021. [PMID: 37484319 PMCID: PMC10361103 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Food borne pathogens are one of the most common yet concerning cause of illnesses around the globe. These microbes invade the body via food items, through numerous mediums of contamination and it is impossible to completely eradicate these organisms from food. Extensive research has been made regarding their treatment. Unfortunately, the only available treatment currently is by antibiotics. Recent exponential increase in antibiotic resistance and the side effect of synthetic compounds have established a need for alternate therapies that could be utilized either on their own or along with antibiotics to provide protection against food-borne diseases. The aim of this review is to provide information regarding some common food borne diseases, their current and possible natural treatment. It will include details regarding some common foodborne pathogens, the disease they cause, prevalence, manifestations and treatment of the respective disease. Some natural modes of potential treatment will be summarized, which including phytochemicals, derived from plants either as crude extracts or as purified form and Bacteriocins as microbial based treatment, obtained from various types of bacteria. The paper will describe their mechanism of action, classification, susceptible organisms, some antimicrobial compounds and producing organisms, application in food systems and as potential treatment. Along with that, synthetic treatment i.e., antibiotics will be discussed including the first-line treatment of some common food borne infections, prevalence and mechanism of resistance against antibiotics in the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Farid
- Corresponding author. Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan.
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Castellano P, Melian C, Burgos C, Vignolo G. Bioprotective cultures and bacteriocins as food preservatives. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 106:275-315. [PMID: 37722775 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Food preservation technologies face the challenge of extending product shelf life applying different factors to prevent the microbiological spoilage of food and inhibit/inactivate food borne pathogens maintaining or even enhancing its quality. One such preservation strategy is the application of bacteriocins or bacteriocin-producer cultures as a kind of food biopreservation. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized small polypeptide molecules that exert antagonistic activity against closely related and unrelated bacteria without harming the producing strain by specific immunity proteins. This chapter aims to contribute to current knowledge about innovative natural preservative agents and their application in the food industry. Specifically, its purpose is to analyze the classification of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria (LAB), desirable characteristics of bacteriocins that position them in a privileged place in food biopreservation technology, their success story as well as the bacteriocinogenic LAB in various food systems. Finally, challenges and barrier strategies used to enhance the efficiency of the bacteriocins antimicrobial effect are presented in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castellano
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Constanza Melian
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carla Burgos
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Graciela Vignolo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
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Molecular Characterization, Purification, and Mode of Action of Enterocin KAE01 from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Its In Silico Analysis against MDR/ESBL Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122333. [PMID: 36553599 PMCID: PMC9777700 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are gaining immense importance in therapeutics since they show significant antibacterial potential. This study reports the bacteriocin KAE01 from Enterococcus faecium, along with its characterization, molecular modeling, and antibacterial potency, by targeting the matrix protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bacteriocin was purified by using ammonium sulfate precipitation and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), and its molecular weight was estimated as 55 kDa by means of SDS-PAGE. The bacteriocin was found to show stability in a wide range of pH values (2.0-10.0) and temperatures (100 °C for 1 h and 121 °C for 15 min). Antimicrobial screening of the purified peptide against different strains of P. aeruginosa showed its significant antibacterial potential. Scanning electron microscopy of bacteriocin-induced bacterial cultures revealed significant changes in the cellular morphology of the pathogens. In silico molecular modeling of KAE01, followed by molecular docking of the matrix protein (qSA) of P. aeruginosa and KAE01, supported the antibacterial potency and SEM findings of this study.
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Rodrigues Blanco I, José Luduverio Pizauro L, Victor dos Anjos Almeida J, Miguel Nóbrega Mendonça C, de Mello Varani A, Pinheiro de Souza Oliveira R. Pan-genomic and comparative analysis of Pediococcus pentosaceus focused on the in silico assessment of pediocin-like bacteriocins. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5595-5606. [PMID: 36284702 PMCID: PMC9568690 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by different species of bacteria, especially the Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Pediococcus pentosaceus is widely applied in the industry and stands out as Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances (BLIS) producer known to inhibit pathogens commonly considered a concern in the food industries. This study aimed to perform in silico comparisons of P. pentosaceus genomes available in the public GenBank database focusing on their pediocin-like bacteriocins repertoire. The pan-genome analysis evidenced a temporal signal in the pattern of gene gain and loss, supporting the hypothesis that the complete genetic repertoire of this group of bacteria is still uncovered. Thirteen bacteriocin genes from Class II and III were predicted in the accessory genome. Four pediocin-like bacteriocins (54% of the detected bacteriocin repertoire) and their accompanying immunity genes are highlighted; penocin A, coagulin A, pediocin PA-1, and plantaricin 423. Additionally, in silico, modeling of the pediocin-like bacteriocins revealed different configurations of the helix motif compared to other physically determined pediocin-like structures. Comparative and phylogenomic analyses support the hypothesis that a dynamic mechanism of bacteriocin acquisition and purging is not dependent on the bacterial isolation source origin. Synteny analysis revealed that while coagulin A, pediocin PA-1, and Plantaricin 423 loci are associated with insertion sequences mainly from the IS30 family and are likely of plasmid origin, penocin A lies in a conserved chromosomal locus. The results presented here provide insights into the unique pediocin-like bacteriocin peptide fold, genomic diversity, and the evolution of the bacteriocin genetic repertoire of P. pentosaceus, shedding new insights into the role of these biomolecules for application in inhibiting bacterial pathogens, and suggesting that prospecting and sequencing new strains is still an alternative to mining for new probiotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Rodrigues Blanco
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas José Luduverio Pizauro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - João Victor dos Anjos Almeida
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Carlos Miguel Nóbrega Mendonça
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro de Mello Varani
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza Oliveira
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Corresponding author.
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Osei EK, Mahony J, Kenny JG. From Farm to Fork: Streptococcus suis as a Model for the Development of Novel Phage-Based Biocontrol Agents. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091996. [PMID: 36146802 PMCID: PMC9501460 DOI: 10.3390/v14091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of livestock threaten the sustainability of agriculture and public health through production losses and contamination of food products. While prophylactic and therapeutic application of antibiotics has been successful in managing such infections, the evolution and spread of antibiotic-resistant strains along the food chain and in the environment necessitates the development of alternative or adjunct preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. Additionally, the growing consumer preference for “greener” antibiotic-free food products has reinforced the need for novel and safer approaches to controlling bacterial infections. The use of bacteriophages (phages), which can target and kill bacteria, are increasingly considered as a suitable measure to reduce bacterial infections and contamination in the food industry. This review primarily elaborates on the recent veterinary applications of phages and discusses their merits and limitations. Furthermore, using Streptococcus suis as a model, we describe the prevalence of prophages and the anti-viral defence arsenal in the genome of the pathogen as a means to define the genetic building blocks that are available for the (synthetic) development of phage-based treatments. The data and approach described herein may provide a framework for the development of therapeutics against an array of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kuffour Osei
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Food Bioscience, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.G.K.); Tel.: +353-21-490-2730 (J.M.); +353-25-42283 (J.G.K.)
| | - John G. Kenny
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Food Bioscience, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.G.K.); Tel.: +353-21-490-2730 (J.M.); +353-25-42283 (J.G.K.)
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Mining Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Carnobacterium maltaromaticum by Interference Competition Network and Genome Analysis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091794. [PMID: 36144396 PMCID: PMC9504619 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum is a non-starter lactic acid bacterium (LAB) of interest in the dairy industry for biopreservation. This study investigated the interference competition network and the specialized metabolites biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) content in this LAB in order to explore the relationship between the antimicrobial properties and the genome content. Network analysis revealed that the potency of inhibition tended to increase when the inhibition spectrum broadened, but also that several strains exhibited a high potency and narrow spectrum of inhibition. The C. maltaromaticum strains with potent anti-L. monocytogenes were characterized by high potency and a wide intraspecific spectrum. Genome mining of 29 strains revealed the presence of 12 bacteriocin BGCs: four of class I and eight of class II, among which seven belong to class IIa and one to class IIc. Overall, eight bacteriocins and one nonribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase (NRPS-PKS) BGCs were newly described. The comparison of the antimicrobial properties resulting from the analysis of the network and the BGC genome content allowed us to delineate candidate BGCs responsible for anti-L. monocytogenes and anti-C. maltaromaticum activity. However, it also highlighted that genome analysis is not suitable in the current state of the databases for the prediction of genes involved in the antimicrobial activity of strains with a narrow anti-C. maltaromaticum activity.
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Fu Y, Zhao D, Wang L, Jiang G, Liu X. A broad-spectrum novel bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sakei in Nanjing Steamed Roast Duck: Purification, antimicrobial characteristics, and antibacterial mechanisms. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Biosynthesis and Production of Class II Bacteriocins of Food-Associated Lactic Acid Bacteria. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized peptides made by bacteria that inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strains. Class II bacteriocins are a class of bacteriocins that are heat-resistant and do not undergo extensive posttranslational modification. In lactic acid bacteria (LAB), class II bacteriocins are widely distributed, and some of them have been successfully applied as food preservatives or antibiotic alternatives. Class II bacteriocins can be further divided into four subcategories. In the same subcategory, variations were observed in terms of amino acid identity, peptide length, pI, etc. The production of class II bacteriocin is controlled by a dedicated gene cluster located in the plasmid or chromosome. Besides the pre-bacteriocin encoding gene, the gene cluster generally includes various combinations of immunity, transportation, and regulatory genes. Among class II bacteriocin-producing LAB, some strains/species showed low yield. A multitude of fermentation factors including medium composition, temperature, and pH have a strong influence on bacteriocin production which is usually strain-specific. Consequently, scientists are motivated to develop high-yielding strains through the genetic engineering approach. Thus, this review aims to present and discuss the distribution, sequence characteristics, as well as biosynthesis of class II bacteriocins of LAB. Moreover, the integration of modern biotechnology and genetics with conventional fermentation technology to improve bacteriocin production will also be discussed in this review.
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Jin J, Liu H, Hao Y, Zhang H, Xie Y. BasS/BasR Two-Component System Affects the Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to Plantaricin BM-1 by Regulating the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:874789. [PMID: 35495665 PMCID: PMC9048260 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.874789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plantaricin BM-1, a class IIa bacteriocin produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BM-1, exhibits significant antibacterial activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, the mechanism underlying the action of class IIa bacteriocins against gram-negative bacteria remains to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the role of the BasS/BasR two-component system (TCS) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 response to plantaricin BM-1. The IC50 values for plantaricin BM-1 in E. coli K12, basS mutant (E. coli JW4073), and basR mutant (E. coli JW4074) strains were found to be 10.85, 8.94, and 7.62 mg/mL, respectively. Growth curve experiments showed that mutations in the BasS/BasR TCS led to an increase in the sensitivity of E. coli K12 to plantaricin BM-1 and that after gene complementation, the complemented mutant strain regained its original sensitivity. Proteomic analysis showed that 100 and 26 proteins were upregulated and 62 and 58 proteins were downregulated in E. coli JW4073 and E. coli JW4074, respectively. These differential proteins, which exhibited different molecular functions and participated in different molecular pathways, were mainly concentrated in the cytoplasm. More specifically, mutations in basS and basR were found to affect the synthesis and metabolism of many substances in E. coli, including many important amino acids and enzymes involved in cellular activities. In addition, 14 proteins, including 8 proteins involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, were found to be downregulated in both E. coli JW4073 and E. coli JW4074. Growth curve experiments showed that the deletion of these proteins could increase the sensitivity of E. coli to plantaricin BM-1. Therefore, we speculate that TCA pathway regulation may be an important mechanism by which the BasS/BasR TCS regulates the sensitivity of E. coli to plantaricin BM-1. This finding will facilitate the determination of the mechanism underlying the action of class IIa bacteriocins against gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Jin
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongxing Zhang,
| | - Yuanhong Xie
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Yuanhong Xie,
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Oliveira FS, da Silva Rodrigues R, de Carvalho AF, Nero LA. Genomic Analyses of Pediococcus pentosaceus ST65ACC, a Bacteriocinogenic Strain Isolated from Artisanal Raw-Milk Cheese. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 15:630-645. [PMID: 34984631 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pediococcus pentosaceus ST65ACC was obtained from a Brazilian artisanal cheese (BAC) and characterized as bacteriocinogenic. This strain presented beneficial properties in previous studies, indicating its potential as a probiotic candidate. In this study, we aimed to carry out a genetic characterization based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS), including taxonomy, biotechnological properties, bacteriocin clusters and safety-related genes. WGS was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform and the genome was annotated with the Prokaryotic Genome Annotation (Prokka). P. pentosaceus ST65ACC taxonomy was investigated and bacteriocin genes clusters were identified by BAGEL4, metabolic pathways were analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and safety-related genes were checked. P. pentosaceus ST65ACC had a total draft genome size of 1,933,194 bp with a GC content of 37.00%, and encoded 1950 protein coding sequences (CDSs), 6 rRNA, 55 tRNA, 1 tmRNA and no plasmids were detected. The analysis revealed absence of a CRISPR/Cas system, bacteriocin gene clusters for pediocin PA-1/AcH and penocin-A were identified. Genes related to beneficial properties, such as stress adaptation genes and adhesion genes, were identified. Furthermore, genes related to biogenic amines and virulence-related genes were not detected. Genes related to antibiotic resistance were identified, but not in prophage regions. Based on the obtained results, the beneficial potential of P. pentosaceus ST65ACC was confirmed, allowing its characterization as a potential probiotic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Soares Oliveira
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570 900, Brazil.,Inovaleite - Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Leite E Derivados, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570 900, Brazil
| | - Rafaela da Silva Rodrigues
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570 900, Brazil.,Inovaleite - Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Leite E Derivados, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570 900, Brazil
| | - Antônio Fernandes de Carvalho
- Inovaleite - Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Leite E Derivados, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570 900, Brazil
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570 900, Brazil.
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Manganese Privation-Induced Transcriptional Upregulation of the Class IIa Bacteriocin Plantaricin 423 in Lactobacillus plantarum Strain 423. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0097621. [PMID: 34406833 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00976-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plantaricin 423 is produced by Lactobacillus plantarum 423 using the pla biosynthetic operon located on the 8,188-bp plasmid pPLA4. As with many class IIa bacteriocin operons, the pla operon carries biosynthetic genes (plaA, precursor peptide; plaB, immunity; plaC, accessory; and plaD, ABC transporter) but does not carry local regulatory genes. Little is known about the regulatory mechanisms involved in the expression of the apparently regulationless class IIa bacteriocins, such as plantaricin 423. In this study, phylogenetic analysis of class IIa immunity proteins indicated that at least three distinct clades exist, which were then used to subgroup the class IIa operons. It became evident that the absence of classical quorum-sensing genes on mobile bacteriocin-encoding elements is a predisposition of the subgroup that includes plantaricin 423, pediocin AcH/PA-1, divercin V41, enterocin A, leucocin-A and -B, mesentericin Y105, and sakacin G. Further analysis of the subgroup suggested that the regulation of these class IIa operons is linked to transition metal homeostasis in the host. By using a fluorescent promoter-reporter system in Lactobacillus plantarum 423, transcriptional regulation of plantaricin 423 was shown to be upregulated in response to manganese privation. IMPORTANCE Lactic acid bacteria hold huge industrial application and economic value, especially bacteriocinogenic strains, which further aids in the exclusion of specific foodborne pathogens. Since bacteriocinogenic strains are sought after, it is equally important to understand the mechanism of bacteriocin regulation. This is currently an understudied aspect of class IIa operons. Our research suggests the existence of a previously undescribed mode of class IIa bacteriocin regulation, whereby bacteriocin expression is linked to management of the producer's transition metal homeostasis. This delocalized metalloregulatory model may fundamentally affect the selection of culture conditions for bacteriocin expression and change our understanding of class IIa bacteriocin gene transfer dynamics in a given microbiome.
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Fathizadeh H, Pakdel F, Saffari M, Esmaeili DD, Momen-Heravi M, Dao S, Ganbarov K, Kafil HS. Bacteriocins: Recent advances in application as an antimicrobial alternative. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1028-1040. [PMID: 34493194 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210907121254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the emergence and development of antibiotic resistance in the treatment of bacterial infections, efforts to discover new antimicrobial agents have increased. One of these antimicrobial agents is a compound produced by a large number of bacteria called bacteriocin. Bacteriocins are small ribosomal polypeptides that can exert their antibacterial effects against bacteria close to their producer strain or even non-closely strains. Adequate knowledge of the structure and functional mechanisms of bacteriocins and their spectrum of activity, as well as knowledge of the mechanisms of possible resistance to these compounds will lead to further development of their use as an alternative to antibiotics. Furthermore, most bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have the ability to produce bacteriocins, which spread throughout the GIT. Despite antimicrobial studies in vitro, our knowledge of bacteriocins in the GIT and the migration of these bacteriocins from the epithelial barrier is low. Hence, in this study, we reviewed general information about bacteriocins, such as classification, mechanism of action and resistance, emphasizing their presence, stability, and spectrum of activity in the GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Fathizadeh
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan. Iran
| | - Farzaneh Pakdel
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Mahmood Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan. Iran
| | - Davoud Davoud Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Mansooreh Momen-Heravi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan. Iran
| | - Sounkalo Dao
- Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS), University of Bamako, Bamako. Mali
| | | | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, IR. Iran
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18
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Bourdichon F, Arias E, Babuchowski A, Bückle A, Bello FD, Dubois A, Fontana A, Fritz D, Kemperman R, Laulund S, McAuliffe O, Miks MH, Papademas P, Patrone V, Sharma DK, Sliwinski E, Stanton C, Von Ah U, Yao S, Morelli L. The forgotten role of food cultures. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:fnab085. [PMID: 34223876 PMCID: PMC8397475 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is one of if not the oldest food processing technique, yet it is still an emerging field when it comes to its numerous mechanisms of action and potential applications. The effect of microbial activity on the taste, bioavailability and preservation of the nutrients and the different food matrices has been deciphered by the insights of molecular microbiology. Among those roles of fermentation in the food chain, biopreservation remains the one most debated. Presumably because it has been underestimated for quite a while, and only considered - based on a food safety and technological approach - from the toxicological and chemical perspective. Biopreservation is not considered as a traditional use, where it has been by design - but forgotten - as the initial goal of fermentation. The 'modern' use of biopreservation is also slightly different from the traditional use, due mainly to changes in cooling of food and other ways of preservation, Extending shelf life is considered to be one of the properties of food additives, classifying - from our perspective - biopreservation wrongly and forgetting the role of fermentation and food cultures. The present review will summarize the current approaches of fermentation as a way to preserve and protect the food, considering the different way in which food cultures and this application could help tackle food waste as an additional control measure to ensure the safety of the food.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bourdichon
- Food Safety, Microbiology, Hygiene, 16 Rue Gaston de Caillavet, 75015 Paris, France
- Facoltà di Scienze agrarie, alimentarie ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, Piacenza-Cremona, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Arias
- AGROSCOPE, Food Microbial Systems, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Bückle
- Milchprüfring Baden-Württemberg e.V., Marie-Curie-Straße 19, 73230 Kirchheim, u.T., Germany
| | | | - Aurélie Dubois
- International Dairy Federationiry Federation, 70 Boulevard Auguste Reyers, 1030 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Fontana
- Facoltà di Scienze agrarie, alimentarie ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, Piacenza-Cremona, Italy
| | - Duresa Fritz
- International Flavors and Fragrances, 20 rue Brunel, Paris 75017, France
| | - Rober Kemperman
- Lesaffre International, 152 rue du Docteur Yersin, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Svend Laulund
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Agern Allé 24, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark
| | | | - Marta Hanna Miks
- Glycom A/S, Kogle Allé 4, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Faculty of Food Science, Food Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszynski 1, 10–726 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Photis Papademas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Archiepiskopou Kyprianou, PO BOX 50329, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Vania Patrone
- Facoltà di Scienze agrarie, alimentarie ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, Piacenza-Cremona, Italy
| | | | - Edward Sliwinski
- The European Federation of Food Science & Technology, Nieuwe Kanaal 9a, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ueli Von Ah
- AGROSCOPE, Food Microbial Systems, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Su Yao
- China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries, China Center of Industrial Culture Collection, Building 6, No.24, Jiuxianqiaozhong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- Facoltà di Scienze agrarie, alimentarie ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, Piacenza-Cremona, Italy
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19
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Benítez-Chao DF, León-Buitimea A, Lerma-Escalera JA, Morones-Ramírez JR. Bacteriocins: An Overview of Antimicrobial, Toxicity, and Biosafety Assessment by in vivo Models. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:630695. [PMID: 33935991 PMCID: PMC8083986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.630695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is facing a significant increase in infections caused by drug-resistant infectious agents. In response, various strategies have been recently explored to treat them, including the development of bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are a group of antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, capable of controlling clinically relevant susceptible and drug-resistant bacteria. Bacteriocins have been studied to be able to modify and improve their physicochemical properties, pharmacological effects, and biosafety. This manuscript focuses on the research being developed on the biosafety of bacteriocins, which is a topic that has not been addressed extensively in previous reviews. This work discusses the studies that have tested the effect of bacteriocins against pathogens and assess their toxicity using in vivo models, including murine and other alternative animal models. Thus, this work concludes the urgency to increase and advance the in vivo models that both assess the efficacy of bacteriocins as antimicrobial agents and evaluate possible toxicity and side effects, which are key factors to determine their success as potential therapeutic agents in the fight against infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Francisco Benítez-Chao
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico
| | - Angel León-Buitimea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico
| | - Jordy Alexis Lerma-Escalera
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico
| | - José Rubén Morones-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico
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20
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Yang JM, Moon GS. Partial Characterization of an Anti-Listerial Bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecium CJNU 2524. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:164-171. [PMID: 33506226 PMCID: PMC7810390 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a representative foodborne pathogen
and causes listeriosis. Enterococcus faecium CJNU 2524 was
confirmed to produce a bacteriocin with anti-listerial activity. To establish
optimal culture conditions for the production of the bacteriocin from E.
faecium CJNU 2524, different media (MRS and BHI broth) and
temperatures (25°C, 30°C, and 37°C) were investigated. The
results showed that the optimal culture conditions were MRS broth and
25°C or 30°C temperatures. The crude bacteriocin was stable in a
broad range of pH conditions (2.0–10.0), temperatures
(60°C–100°C), and organic solvents (methanol, ethanol,
acetone, acetonitrile, and chloroform). The bacteriocin activity was abolished
when treated with protease but not α-amylase or lipase, indicating the
proteinaceous nature of the bacteriocin. Finally, the bacteriocin showed a
bactericidal mode of action against L. monocytogenes.
Therefore, it can be a biopreservative candidate for controlling L.
monocytogenes in dairy and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mo Yang
- Major of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Korea
| | - Gi-Seong Moon
- Major of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Korea
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21
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Shastry RP, Arunrenganathan R, Rai VR. Characterization of probiotic Enterococcus lactis RS5 and purification of antibiofilm enterocin. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Mining and Statistical Modeling of Natural and Variant Class IIa Bacteriocins Elucidate Activity and Selectivity Profiles across Species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01646-20. [PMID: 32917749 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01646-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IIa bacteriocin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a compelling alternative to current antimicrobials because of potential specific activity toward antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Engineering of these molecules would be enhanced by a better understanding of AMP sequence-activity relationships to improve efficacy in vivo and limit effects of off-target activity. Toward this goal, we experimentally evaluated 210 natural and variant class IIa bacteriocins for antimicrobial activity against six strains of enterococci. Inhibitory activity was ridge regressed to AMP sequence to predict performance, achieving an area under the curve of 0.70 and demonstrating the potential of statistical models for identifying and designing AMPs. Active AMPs were individually produced and evaluated against eight enterococcus strains and four Listeria strains to elucidate trends in susceptibility. It was determined that the mannose phosphotransferase system (manPTS) sequence is informative of susceptibility to class IIa bacteriocins, yet other factors, such as membrane composition, also contribute strongly to susceptibility. A broadly potent bacteriocin variant (lactocin DT1) from a Lactobacillus ruminis genome was identified as the only variant with inhibitory activity toward all tested strains, while a novel enterocin variant (DT2) from an Enterococcus faecium genome demonstrated specificity toward Listeria strains. Eight AMPs were evaluated for proteolytic stability to trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pepsin, and three C-terminal disulfide-containing variants, including divercin V41, were identified as compelling for future in vivo studies, given their high potency and proteolytic stability.IMPORTANCE Class IIa bacteriocin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), an alternative to traditional small-molecule antibiotics, are capable of selective activity toward various Gram-positive bacteria, limiting negative side effects associated with broad-spectrum activity. This selective activity is achieved through targeting of the mannose phosphotransferase system (manPTS) of a subset of Gram-positive bacteria, although factors affecting this mechanism are not entirely understood. Peptides identified from genomic data, as well as variants of previously characterized AMPs, can offer insight into how peptide sequence affects activity and selectivity. The experimental methods presented here identify promising potent and selective bacteriocins for further evaluation, highlight the potential of simple computational modeling for prediction of AMP performance, and demonstrate that factors beyond manPTS sequence affect bacterial susceptibility to class IIa bacteriocins.
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23
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Latilactobacillus curvatus: A Candidate Probiotic with Excellent Fermentation Properties and Health Benefits. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101366. [PMID: 32993033 PMCID: PMC7600897 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Latilactobacillus curvatus is a candidate probiotic that has been included in the list of recommended biological agents for certification by the European Food Safety Authority. According to the published genomic information, L. curvatus has several genes that encode metabolic pathways of carbohydrate utilization. In addition, there are some differences in cell surface complex related genes of L. curvatus from different sources. L. curvatus also has several genes that encode bacteriocin production, which can produce Curvacin A and Sakacin P. Due to its ability to produce bacteriocin, it is often used as a bioprotective agent in fermented meat products, to inhibit the growth of a variety of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. L. curvatus exerts some probiotic effects, such as mediating the production of IL-10 by dendritic cells through NF-κB and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signals to relieve colitis in mice. This review is the first summary of the genomic and biological characteristics of L. curvatus. Our knowledge on its role in the food industry and human health is also discussed, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the development of applications of L. curvatus.
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24
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Unraveling microbial fermentation features in kimchi: from classical to meta-omics approaches. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7731-7744. [PMID: 32749526 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kimchi is a traditional Korean fermented food prepared via spontaneous fermentation by various microorganisms originating from vegetables such as kimchi cabbage, radishes, and garlic. Recent advances in meta-omics approaches that integrate metataxonomics, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics have contributed to explaining and understanding food fermentation processes. Kimchi microbial communities are composed of majorly lactic acid bacteria such as Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Weissella and fewer eukaryotic microorganisms and kimchi fermentation are accomplished by complex microbial metabolisms to produce diverse metabolites such as lactate, acetate, CO2, ethanol, mannitol, amino acids, formate, malate, diacetyl, acetoin, and 2, 3-butanediol, which determine taste, quality, health benefit, and safety of fermented kimchi products. Therefore, in the future, kimchi researches should be systematically performed using the meta-omics approaches to understand complex microbial metabolisms during kimchi fermentation. KEY POINTS: • Spontaneous fermentation by raw material microbes gives kimchi its unique flavor. • The kimchi microbiome is altered by environmental factors and raw materials. • Through the multi-omics approaches, it is possible to accurately analyze the diversity and metabolic characteristics of kimchi microbiome and discover potential functionalities.
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25
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Begrem S, Ivaniuk F, Gigout-Chevalier F, Kolypczuk L, Bonnetot S, Leroi F, Grovel O, Delbarre-Ladrat C, Passerini D. New Insight into Antimicrobial Compounds from Food and Marine-Sourced Carnobacterium Species through Phenotype and Genome Analyses. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071093. [PMID: 32708353 PMCID: PMC7409045 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnobacteriummaltaromaticum and Carnobacteriumdivergens, isolated from food products, are lactic acid bacteria known to produce active and efficient bacteriocins. Other species, particularly those originating from marine sources, are less studied. The aim of the study is to select promising strains with antimicrobial potential by combining genomic and phenotypic approaches on large datasets comprising 12 Carnobacterium species. The biosynthetic gene cluster (BGCs) diversity of 39 publicly available Carnobacterium spp. genomes revealed 67 BGCs, distributed according to the species and ecological niches. From zero to six BGCs were predicted per strain and classified into four classes: terpene, NRPS (non-ribosomal peptide synthetase), NRPS-PKS (hybrid non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase), RiPP (ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide). In parallel, the antimicrobial activity of 260 strains from seafood products was evaluated. Among the 60% of active strains, three genomes were sequenced and submitted to a dereplication process. C. inhibens MIP2551 produced a high amountof H2O2, probably thanks to the presence of four oxidase-encoding genes. C. maltaromaticum EBP3019 and SF668 strains were highly efficient against Listeria monocytogenes. A new extracellular 16 kDa unmodified bacteriocin in the EBP3019 strain and five different bacteriocins in SF668 were highlighted. In this study, the overview of antimicrobial BGC and inhibitory activities of Carnobacterium spp. allowed the prediction of potential innovative natural products that could be relevant for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Begrem
- University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; (S.B.); (O.G.)
- IFREMER, BRM, EM3B Laboratory, 44300 Nantes Cedex 3, France; (F.I.); (F.G.-C.); (L.K.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (C.D.-L.)
| | - Flora Ivaniuk
- IFREMER, BRM, EM3B Laboratory, 44300 Nantes Cedex 3, France; (F.I.); (F.G.-C.); (L.K.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (C.D.-L.)
| | - Frédérique Gigout-Chevalier
- IFREMER, BRM, EM3B Laboratory, 44300 Nantes Cedex 3, France; (F.I.); (F.G.-C.); (L.K.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (C.D.-L.)
| | - Laetitia Kolypczuk
- IFREMER, BRM, EM3B Laboratory, 44300 Nantes Cedex 3, France; (F.I.); (F.G.-C.); (L.K.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (C.D.-L.)
| | - Sandrine Bonnetot
- IFREMER, BRM, EM3B Laboratory, 44300 Nantes Cedex 3, France; (F.I.); (F.G.-C.); (L.K.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (C.D.-L.)
| | - Françoise Leroi
- IFREMER, BRM, EM3B Laboratory, 44300 Nantes Cedex 3, France; (F.I.); (F.G.-C.); (L.K.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (C.D.-L.)
| | - Olivier Grovel
- University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; (S.B.); (O.G.)
| | - Christine Delbarre-Ladrat
- IFREMER, BRM, EM3B Laboratory, 44300 Nantes Cedex 3, France; (F.I.); (F.G.-C.); (L.K.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (C.D.-L.)
| | - Delphine Passerini
- IFREMER, BRM, EM3B Laboratory, 44300 Nantes Cedex 3, France; (F.I.); (F.G.-C.); (L.K.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (C.D.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Angelopoulou A, Warda AK, O'Connor PM, Stockdale SR, Shkoporov AN, Field D, Draper LA, Stanton C, Hill C, Ross RP. Diverse Bacteriocins Produced by Strains From the Human Milk Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:788. [PMID: 32508758 PMCID: PMC7248182 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial colonization of the infant gut is a convoluted process dependent on numerous contributing factors, including age, mode of delivery and diet among others that has lifelong implication for human health. Breast milk also contains a microbiome which acts as a source of colonizing bacteria for the infant. Here, we demonstrate that human milk harbors a wide diversity of bacteriocin-producing strains with the potential to compete among the developing gut microbiota of the infant. We screened 37 human milk samples and found isolates with antimicrobial activity and distinct cross-immunity profiles. From these isolates, we detected 73 putative gene clusters for bacteriocins of all known sub-classes, including 16 novel prepeptides. More specifically, we detected two novel lantibiotics, four sactibiotics and three class IIa bacteriocins with an unusual modification of the pediocin box that is composed of YDNGI instead of the highly conserved motif YGNGV. Moreover, we identified a novel class IIb bacteriocin, four novel class IIc and two class IId bacteriocins. In conclusion, human milk contains a variety of bacteriocin-producing strains which may provide them a competitive advantage in the colonization of the infant gut and suggests that the milk microbiota is a source of antimicrobial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Angelopoulou
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicja K Warda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paula M O'Connor
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | | | | | - Des Field
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
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27
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Liu S, Liu Y, Takala TM, Zhang P, Wang S. Phenotypic comparison and DNA sequencing analysis of a wild-type and a pediocin-resistant mutant of Listeria ivanovii. Res Microbiol 2020; 171:115-121. [PMID: 32119904 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Listeria ivanovii is one of the two pathogenic species within the genus Listeria, the other being Listeria monocytogenes. In this study, we generated a stable pediocin resistant mutant Liv-r1 of a L. ivanovii strain, compared phenotypic differences between the wild-type and the mutant, localised the pediocin-induced mutations in the chromosome, and analysed the mechanisms behind the bacteriocin resistance. In addition to pediocin resistance, Liv-r1 was also less sensitive to nisin. The growth of Liv-r1 was significantly reduced with glucose and mannose, but less with cellobiose. The cells of Liv-r1 adsorbed less pediocin than the wild-type cells. Consequently, with less pediocin on the cell surface, the mutant was also less leaky, as shown as the release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase to the supernatant. The surface of the mutant cells was more hydrophobic than that of the wild-type. Whole genome sequencing revealed numerous changes in the Liv-r1 chromosome. The mutations were found e.g., in genes encoding sigma-54-dependent transcription regulator and internalin B, as well as in genes involved in metabolism of carbohydrates such as glucose and cellobiose. Genetic differences observed in the mutant may be responsible for resistance to pediocin but no direct evidence is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Liu
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongjun Liu
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China.
| | - Timo M Takala
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pingping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Vermeulen RR, Van Staden ADP, Dicks L. Heterologous Expression of the Class IIa Bacteriocins, Plantaricin 423 and Mundticin ST4SA, in Escherichia coli Using Green Fluorescent Protein as a Fusion Partner. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1634. [PMID: 32765464 PMCID: PMC7381239 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antilisterial class IIa bacteriocins, plantaricin 423 and mundticin ST4SA, have previously been purified from the cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA, respectively. Here, we present the fusions of mature plantaricin 423 and mundticin ST4SA to His-tagged green fluorescent protein (GFP) for respective heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. Fusion of plantaricin 423 and mundticin ST4SA to His-tagged GFP produced the fusion proteins GFP-PlaX and GFP-MunX, respectively. Both fusion proteins were autofluorescent, circumvented inclusion body formation and lowered the toxicity of class IIa bacteriocins during heterologous expression. Not only did GFP-class IIa fusion stabilize heterologous expression and boost yields, the fluorescent intensity of GFP-PlaX and GFP-MunX could be monitored quantitatively and qualitatively throughout expression and purification. This robust fluorometric property allowed rapid optimization of conditions for expression and bacteriocin liberation from GFP via the incorporated WELQut protease cleavage sequence. Incubation temperature and IPTG concentration had a significant effect on bacteriocin yield, and was optimal at 18°C and 0.1-0.2 mM, respectively. GFP-MunX was approximately produced at a yield of 153.30 mg/L culture which resulted in 12.4 mg/L active mundticin ST4SA after liberation and HPLC purification. While GFP-PlaX was produced at a yield of 121.29 mg/L culture, evidence suggests heterologous expression resulted in conformation isomers of WELQut liberated plantaricin 423.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Du Preez Van Staden
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Anton Du Preez Van Staden,
| | - Leon Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Leon Dicks,
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29
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Molecular characterization of enterocin EF35 against human pathogens and its in-silico analysis against human cancer proteins TOP1 and PI3K. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Navarro SA, Lanza L, Colombo NSR, de Ullivarri MF, Acuña L, Sosa-Padilla B, Picariello G, Bellomio A, Chalón MC. Obtaining an Ent35-MccV derivative with mutated hinge region that exhibits increased activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9607-9618. [PMID: 31713671 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes the generation of derivatives from the hybrid peptide called Ent35-MccV, active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This peptide has a triple glycine hinge region between enterocin CRL35 and microcin V. In order to obtain variants of Ent35-MccV with greater biotechnological potential, a saturation mutagenesis was carried out in the hinge region. As a result, we obtained a bank of E. coli strains expressing different mutated hybrid bacteriocins in the central position of the hinge region. From all these variants, we found that the one bearing a tyrosine in the central region of the hinge (Ent35-GYG-MccV) is 2-fold more active against E. coli and 4-fold more active against Listeria than the original peptide Ent35-MccV. This derivative was purified and characterized. The development and evaluation of alternative hinges for Ent35-MccV represents a step forward in the bioengineering of antimicrobial peptides. This approach fosters the rational design of peptides with enhanced antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Navarro
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - L Lanza
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - N S Ríos Colombo
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - M Fernandez de Ullivarri
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - L Acuña
- Instituto de Patología Experimental (IPE-CONICET-UNSa), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia, 5150, Salta, Argentina
| | - B Sosa-Padilla
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - G Picariello
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Roma, 64 -, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - A Bellomio
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - Miriam C Chalón
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina.
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31
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Gontijo MTP, Silva JDS, Vidigal PMP, Martin JGP. Phylogenetic distribution of the bacteriocin repertoire of lactic acid bacteria species associated with artisanal cheese. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108783. [PMID: 31955749 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota contributes to artisanal cheese bioprotection and biopreservation through inter and intraspecific competition. This work aimed to investigate the phylogenetic distribution of the repertoire of bacteriocin structural genes of model lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in order to investigate its respective role in the artisanal cheeses microenvironment. A phylogenetic analysis of the rRNA 16S gene from 445 model strains of LAB was conducted using bayesian inference and the repertoire of bacteriocin genes was predicted from these strains by BAGEL software. Bacterial strains were clustered in five monophyletic clades (A, B, C, D and E) with high posterior probability values (PP > 0.99). One bacteriocin structural gene was predicted for 88.5% of the analyzed strains. The majority of the species encoded different classes of bacteriocins. Greater diversity of bacteriocin genes was found for strains included in clade A, comprising Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus macedonicus, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. In addition, Lactococcus lactis presented higher diversity of bacteriocin classes, encoding glycocins, lanthipeptides, sactipeptides, cyclic and linear azole-containing peptides, included in bacteriocins class I, besides class II and III. The results suggest that the distribution of bacteriocin structural genes is related to the phylogenetic clades of LAB species, with a higher frequency in some specific clades. Information comprised in this study contributes to comprehend the bacterial competition mechanisms in the artisanal cheese microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Túlio Pardini Gontijo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Jackson de Sousa Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia de Produção, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia (CCT), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Juazeiro do Norte, 63040-000 Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NUBIOMOL), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme Prado Martin
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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32
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Liu G, Wang Y, Li X, Hao X, Xu D, Zhou Y, Mehmood A, Wang C. Genetic and Biochemical Evidence That Enterococcus faecalis Gr17 Produces a Novel and Sec-Dependent Bacteriocin, Enterocin Gr17. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1806. [PMID: 31456764 PMCID: PMC6700250 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antibacterial peptides or proteins from microorganisms. We report a novel bacteriocin producing strain, Enterococcus faecalis Gr17, that was isolated from the Chinese traditional low-salt fermented whole fish product Suan yu. E. faecalis Gr17 displayed potent antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. The complete genome of E. faecalis Gr17 contained one circular chromosome and plasmid. The gene cluster of a novel bacteriocin designated enterocin Gr17 was identified. The enterocin Gr17 structural gene encodes a precursor of the bacteriocin. Two other transporter genes and an immunity gene within two divergent operons were identified as being associated with enterocin Gr17 secretion and protection. The novel enterocin Gr17 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation exchange, gel filtration, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The molecular weight of enterocin Gr17 was 4,531.01 Da as determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and its mature amino acid sequence of enterocin Gr17 was RSYGNGVYCNNSKCWVNWGEAKENIIGIVISGWATGLAGMGR. Sequence alignment revealed that enterocin Gr17 is a class IIa bacteriocin with similarities to enterocin P. The merits of bactericidal activity, sensitivity to enzymes, and pronounced stability to chemicals, temperature (60°C, 30 min and 121°C, 15 min), and pH (2-10) indicated practicality and safety of enterocin Gr17 in the food industry. The complete genome information of E. faecalis Gr17 will improve the understanding of the biosynthetic mechanism of enterocin Gr17, which has potential value as a food biopreservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Duoxia Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingning Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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33
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Verdi MC, Melian C, Castellano P, Vignolo G, Blanco Massani M. Synergistic antimicrobial effect of lactocin
AL
705 and nisin combined with organic acid salts against
Listeria innocua
7 in broth and a hard cheese. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Clara Verdi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI) Av. Gral. Paz 5445 1650 San Martin Argentina
| | - Constanza Melian
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) CONICET Chacabuco 145 4000 Tucumán Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Av. Rivadavia 1917 C1033AAJ Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Patricia Castellano
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) CONICET Chacabuco 145 4000 Tucumán Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Av. Rivadavia 1917 C1033AAJ Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Graciela Vignolo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) CONICET Chacabuco 145 4000 Tucumán Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Av. Rivadavia 1917 C1033AAJ Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Mariana Blanco Massani
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI) Av. Gral. Paz 5445 1650 San Martin Argentina
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34
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Melian C, Segli F, Gonzalez R, Vignolo G, Castellano P. Lactocin AL705 as quorum sensing inhibitor to control
Listeria monocytogenes
biofilm formation. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:911-920. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Melian
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) Tucumán Argentina
| | - F. Segli
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) Tucumán Argentina
| | - R. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - G. Vignolo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) Tucumán Argentina
| | - P. Castellano
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) Tucumán Argentina
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Balandin SV, Sheremeteva EV, Ovchinnikova TV. Pediocin-Like Antimicrobial Peptides of Bacteria. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:464-478. [PMID: 31234762 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791905002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are bacterial antimicrobial peptides that, unlike classical peptide antibiotics, are products of ribosomal synthesis and usually have a narrow spectrum of antibacterial activity against species closely related to the producers. Pediocin-like bacteriocins (PLBs) belong to the class IIa of the bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria. PLBs possess high activity against pathogenic bacteria from Listeria and Enterococcus genera. Molecular target for PLBs is a membrane protein complex - bacterial mannose-phosphotransferase. PLBs can be synthesized by components of symbiotic microflora and participate in the maintenance of homeostasis in various compartments of the digestive tract and on the surface of epithelial tissues contacting the external environment. PLBs could give a rise to a new group of antibiotics of narrow spectrum of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Balandin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - E V Sheremeteva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - T V Ovchinnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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Funck GD, de Lima Marques J, da Silva Dannenberg G, Dos Santos Cruxen CE, Sehn CP, Prigol M, Silva MRP, da Silva WP, Fiorentini ÂM. Characterization, Toxicity, and Optimization for the Growth and Production of Bacteriocin-like Substances by Lactobacillus curvatus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:91-101. [PMID: 30843169 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize, evaluate toxicity and optimize the conditions for the growth and production of bacteriocin-like substances by Lactobacillus curvatus P99. The antibacterial activity of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) containing bacteriocin-like substances was evaluated by the agar diffusion technique. The stability of the CFS was also examined after heat treatment, refrigeration, freezing, pH variations, and treatment with different chemical substances. The toxic effect of CFS on Drosophila melanogaster diet was determined by calculating the survival rate of the flies. The effects of pH, temperature, and incubation time were the parameters used to optimize cell growth and production of bacteriocin-like substances through response surface methodology. The CFS was stable for 36 weeks under freezing and refrigeration, as well as under heat treatment, in acidic and basic pH and for all chemical substances tested. Fewer than 50,000 AU/mL of CFS added to D. melanogaster diet showed no toxic effect. The optimum growth condition was pH 6.3 at 29.3 °C for 18.6 h, and the optimum production of bacteriocin-like substances was under pH 6.22 at 30.6 °C for 17.9 h. The data on the optimization of cell growth and the characterization and optimization of bacteriocin-like substances provided information to support the industrial-scale production of this microorganism and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciele Daiana Funck
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, P.O. Box: 354, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Lima Marques
- Center for Technology Development, Federal University of Pelotas, P.O. Box: 354, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme da Silva Dannenberg
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, P.O. Box: 354, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Pohl Sehn
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Reviews Applied to Bioactive Molecules-LaftamBio Pampa, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Reviews Applied to Bioactive Molecules-LaftamBio Pampa, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rósula Poetini Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Reviews Applied to Bioactive Molecules-LaftamBio Pampa, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, P.O. Box: 354, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.,Center for Technology Development, Federal University of Pelotas, P.O. Box: 354, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Fiorentini
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, P.O. Box: 354, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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Vasilchenko AS, Valyshev AV. Pore-forming bacteriocins: structural–functional relationships. Arch Microbiol 2018; 201:147-154. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and Their Bacteriocins as Alternative Biotechnological Tools to Control Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms in Food Processing Facilities. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:712-726. [PMID: 30073512 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria Gram-negative and Gram-positive, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), organisms that are traditionally used in food preservation practices. Bacteriocins have been shown to have an aptitude as biofilm controlling agents in Listeria monocytogenes biofilms, a major risk for consumers and the food industry. Biofilms protect pathogens from sanitization procedures, allowing them to survive and persist in processing facilities, resulting in the cross-contamination of the end products. Studies have been undertaken on bacteriocinogenic LAB, their bacteriocins, and bioengineered bacteriocin derivatives for controlling L. monocytogenes biofilms on different surfaces through inhibition, competition, exclusion, and displacement. These alternative strategies can be considered promising in preventing the development of resistance to conventional sanitizers and disinfectants. Bacteriocins are "friendly" antimicrobial agents, and with high prevalence in nature, they do not have any known associated public health risk. Most trials have been carried out in vitro, on food contact materials such as polystyrene and stainless steel, while there have been few studies performed in situ to consolidate the results observed in vitro. There are strategies that can be employed for prevention and eradication of L. monocytogenes biofilms (such as the establishment of standard cleaning procedures using the available agents at proper concentrations). However, commercial cocktails using alternatives compounds recognized as safe and environmental friendly can be an alternative approach to be applied by the industries in the future.
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The extracellular loop of Man-PTS subunit IID is responsible for the sensitivity of Lactococcus garvieae to garvicins A, B and C. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15790. [PMID: 30361679 PMCID: PMC6202411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose phosphotransferase system (Man-PTS) serves as a receptor for several bacteriocins in sensitive bacterial cells, namely subclass IIa bacteriocins (pediocin-like; pediocins) and subclass IId ones - lactococcin A (LcnA), lactococcin B (LcnB) and garvicin Q (GarQ). Here, to identify the receptor for three other narrow-spectrum subclass IId bacteriocins - garvicins A, B and C (GarA-C) Lactococcus garvieae mutants resistant to bacteriocins were generated and sequenced to look for mutations responsible for resistance. Spontaneous mutants had their whole genome sequenced while in mutants obtained by integration of pGhost9::ISS1 regions flanking the integration site were sequenced. For both types of mutants mutations were found in genes encoding Man-PTS components IIC and IID indicating that Man-PTS likely serves as the receptor for these bacteriocins as well. This was subsequently confirmed by deletion of the man-PTS operon in the bacteriocin-sensitive L. garvieae IBB3403, which resulted in resistant cells, and by heterologous expression of appropriate man-PTS genes in the resistant Lactococcus lactis strains, which resulted in sensitive cells. GarA, GarB, GarC and other Man-PTS-targeting bacteriocins differ in the amino acid sequence and activity spectrum, suggesting that they interact with the receptor through distinct binding patterns. Comparative analyses and genetic studies identified a previously unrecognized extracellular loop of Man-PTS subunit IID (γ+) implicated in the L. garvieae sensitivity to the bacteriocins studied here. Additionally, individual amino acids localized mostly in the sugar channel-forming transmembrane parts of subunit IIC or in the extracellular parts of IID likely involved in the interaction with each bacteriocin were specified. Finally, template-based 3D models of Man-PTS subunits IIC and IID were built to allow a deeper insight into the Man-PTS structure and functioning.
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Bioinspired Designs, Molecular Premise and Tools for Evaluating the Ecological Importance of Antimicrobial Peptides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030068. [PMID: 29996512 PMCID: PMC6161137 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of recent developments in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), summarizing structural diversity, potential new applications, activity targets and microbial killing responses in general. The use of artificial and natural AMPs as templates for rational design of peptidomimetics are also discussed and some strategies are put forward to curtail cytotoxic effects against eukaryotic cells. Considering the heat-resistant nature, chemical and proteolytic stability of AMPs, we attempt to summarize their molecular targets, examine how these macromolecules may contribute to potential environmental risks vis-à-vis the activities of the peptides. We further point out the evolutional characteristics of the macromolecules and indicate how they can be useful in designing target-specific peptides. Methods are suggested that may help to assess toxic mechanisms of AMPs and possible solutions are discussed to promote the development and application of AMPs in medicine. Even if there is wide exposure to the environment like in the hospital settings, AMPs may instead contribute to prevent healthcare-associated infections so long as ecotoxicological aspects are considered.
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Bédard F, Hammami R, Zirah S, Rebuffat S, Fliss I, Biron E. Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and conformational analysis of the class IIa bacteriocin pediocin PA-1 and analogs thereof. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9029. [PMID: 29899567 PMCID: PMC5998028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide pediocin PA-1 is a class IIa bacteriocin that inhibits several clinically relevant pathogens including Listeria spp. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of whole pediocin PA-1 and novel analogs thereof using a combination of solid- and solution-phase strategies to overcome difficulties due to instability and undesired reactions. Pediocin PA-1 thus synthesized was a potent inhibitor of Listeria monocytogenes (MIC = 6.8 nM), similar to the bacteriocin produced naturally by Pediococcus acidilactici. Of particular interest is that linear analogs lacking both of the disulfide bridges characterizing pediocin PA-1 were as potent. One linear analog was also a strong inhibitor of Clostridium perfringens, another important food-borne pathogen. These results are discussed in light of conformational information derived from circular dichroism, solution NMR spectroscopy and structure-activity relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bédard
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval and Laboratoire de chimie médicinale, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- STELA Dairy Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Riadh Hammami
- STELA Dairy Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Séverine Zirah
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR 7245), Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Rebuffat
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR 7245), Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ismail Fliss
- STELA Dairy Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Eric Biron
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval and Laboratoire de chimie médicinale, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Garcia-Gutierrez E, Mayer MJ, Cotter PD, Narbad A. Gut microbiota as a source of novel antimicrobials. Gut Microbes 2018; 10:1-21. [PMID: 29584555 PMCID: PMC6363078 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1455790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya and viruses coexist in the human gut, and this coexistence is functionally balanced by symbiotic or antagonistic relationships. Antagonism is often characterized by the production of antimicrobials against other organisms occupying the same environmental niche. Indeed, close co-evolution in the gut has led to the development of specialized antimicrobials, which is attracting increased attention as these may serve as novel alternatives to antibiotics and thereby help to address the global problem of antimicrobial resistance. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is especially suitable for finding novel antimicrobials due to the vast array of microbes that inhabit it, and a considerable number of antimicrobial producers of both wide and narrow spectrum have been described. In this review, we summarize some of the antimicrobial compounds that are produced by bacteria isolated from the gut environment, with a special focus on bacteriocins. We also evaluate the potential therapeutic application of these compounds to maintain homeostasis in the gut and the biocontrol of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Melinda J. Mayer
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome, Ireland
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
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43
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Wang Y, Shang N, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li P. The complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum LPL-1, a novel antibacterial probiotic producing class IIa bacteriocin. J Biotechnol 2017; 266:84-88. [PMID: 29229543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antibacterial proteins or peptides synthesized by ribosomes to inhibit or kill both closely related and non-related bacterium. Class IIa bacteriocins possess high activity against foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. A novel strain Lactobacillus plantarum LPL-1 was isolated from fermented fish and considered as a bacteriocin producing probiotic with great antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes 54002. The complete genome of L. plantarum LPL-1 contains one circular chromosome and plasmid. According to the genome, biosynthetic genes of bacteriocin including precursor, immunity protein,accessory protein and transporter protein were identified; and biosynthetic mechanism of class IIa bacteriocin was also further analyzed. The antibacterial activity of purified bacteriocin against L.monocytogenes54002 was determined and the diameter of inhibition zone was about 16.6 mm by vernier caliper. This work provided the complete genome information of L. plantarum LPL-1 that could benefit for understanding the biosynthetic mechanism of class IIa bacteriocin as well as the potential application of L. plantarum LPL-1 in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Shang
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2P5, Canada
| | - Yuxuan Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pinglan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Quintana G, Niederle MV, Minahk CJ, Picariello G, Nader-Macías MEF, Pasteris SE. Nisin Z produced by Lactococcus lactis from bullfrog hatchery is active against Citrobacter freundii, a red-leg syndrome related pathogen. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:186. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dong B, Yi Y, Liang L, Shi Q. High Throughput Identification of Antimicrobial Peptides from Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9090266. [PMID: 28867788 PMCID: PMC5618199 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9090266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of small peptides, which are secreted by almost all creatures in nature. They have been explored in therapeutic and agricultural aspects as they are toxic to many bacteria. A considerable amount of work has been conducted in analyzing 16S and metagenomics of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). However, these datasets are still untapped resources. In this present study, a homologous search was performed to predict AMPs from our newly generated metagenome of grass carp. We identified five AMPs with high similarities to previously reported bacterial toxins, such as lantibiotic and class II bacteriocins. In addition, we observed that the top abundant genus in the GI microbiota of the grass carp was generally consistent with the putative AMP-producing strains, which are mainly from Lactobacillales. Furthermore, we constructed the phylogenetic relationship of these putative AMP-producing bacteria existing in the GI of grass carp and some popular commercial probiotics (commonly used for microecologics), demonstrating that they are closely related. Thus, these strains have the potential to be developed into novel microecologics. In a word, we provide a high-throughput way to discover AMPs from fish GI microbiota, which can be developed as alternative pathogen antagonists (toxins) for microecologics or probiotic supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Dong
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Yunhai Yi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Lifeng Liang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Tymoszewska A, Diep DB, Wirtek P, Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk T. The Non-Lantibiotic Bacteriocin Garvicin Q Targets Man-PTS in a Broad Spectrum of Sensitive Bacterial Genera. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8359. [PMID: 28827688 PMCID: PMC5566476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose phosphotransferase system (Man-PTS) is the main mannose permease in bacteria but it is also a known receptor for subclass IIa bacteriocins (pediocin-like group) as well as subclass IId lactococcin A (LcnA) and lactococcin B (LcnB) (LcnA-like group). Subclass IIa bacteriocins exhibit a strong activity against Listeria spp. but they are not against Lactococcus spp. In contrast, the LcnA-like bacteriocins act only against Lactococcus lactis strains. Garvicin Q (GarQ) is a subclass IId bacteriocin with minor similarity to LcnA-like bacteriocins and a relatively broad antimicrobial spectrum including, among others, Listeria and Lactococcus spp. To identify the GarQ receptor, we obtained GarQ-resistant mutants of Lactococcus garvieae IBB3403 and L. lactis IL1403 and sequenced their genomes that revealed mutations in genes encoding the membrane-bound Man-PTS IIC or IID subunits encoded by ptnCD in L. lactis and manCD in L. garvieae. This is the first time that a bacteriocin outside the pediocin- and LcnA-like groups is shown to target Man-PTS. The interaction between GarQ and Man-PTS may occur through a new binding pattern involving specific amino acids highly conserved among the GarQ-sensitive bacterial species located in the N-terminal part and extracellular loops of subunit IID and in transmembrane region of IIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Tymoszewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences (IBB PAS), Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dzung B Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Paulina Wirtek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences (IBB PAS), Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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Mills S, Griffin C, O'Connor PM, Serrano LM, Meijer WC, Hill C, Ross RP. A Multibacteriocin Cheese Starter System, Comprising Nisin and Lacticin 3147 in Lactococcus lactis, in Combination with Plantaricin from Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e00799-17. [PMID: 28476774 PMCID: PMC5494623 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00799-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional starter cultures demonstrating superior technological and food safety properties are advantageous to the food fermentation industry. We evaluated the efficacies of single- and double-bacteriocin-producing starters of Lactococcus lactis capable of producing the class I bacteriocins nisin A and/or lacticin 3147 in terms of starter performance. Single producers were generated by mobilizing the conjugative bacteriophage resistance plasmid pMRC01, carrying lacticin genetic determinants, or the conjugative transposon Tn5276, carrying nisin genetic determinants, to the commercial starter L. lactis CSK2775. The effect of bacteriocin coproduction was examined by superimposing pMRC01 into the newly constructed nisin transconjugant. Transconjugants were improved with regard to antimicrobial activity and bacteriophage insensitivity compared to the recipient strain, and the double producer was immune to both bacteriocins. Bacteriocin production in the starter was stable, although the recipient strain proved to be a more efficient acidifier than transconjugant derivatives. Overall, combinations of class I bacteriocins (the double producer or a combination of single producers) proved to be as effective as individual bacteriocins for controlling Listeria innocua growth in laboratory-scale cheeses. However, using the double producer in combination with the class II bacteriocin producer Lactobacillus plantarum or using the lacticin producer with the class II producer proved to be most effective for reducing bacterial load. As emergence of bacteriocin tolerance was reduced 10-fold in the presence of nisin and lacticin, we suggest that the double producer in conjunction with the class II producer could serve as a protective culture providing a food-grade, multihurdle approach to control pathogenic growth in a variety of industrial applications.IMPORTANCE We generated a suite of single- and double-bacteriocin-producing starter cultures capable of generating the class I bacteriocin lacticin 3147 or nisin or both bacteriocins simultaneously via conjugation. The transconjugants exhibited improved bacteriophage resistance and antimicrobial activity. The single producers proved to be as effective as the double-bacteriocin producer at reducing Listeria numbers in laboratory-scale cheese. However, combining the double producer or the lacticin-producing starter with a class II bacteriocin producer, Lactobacillus plantarum LMG P-26358, proved to be most effective at reducing Listeria numbers and was significantly better than a combination of the three bacteriocin-producing strains, as the double producer is not inhibited by either of the class I bacteriocins. Since the simultaneous use of lacticin and nisin should reduce the emergence of bacteriocin-tolerant derivatives, this study suggests that a protective starter system produced by bacteriocin stacking is a worthwhile multihurdle approach for food safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mills
- CSK Food Enrichment, Ede, The Netherlands
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Griffin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- CSK Food Enrichment, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - P M O'Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | | | - W C Meijer
- CSK Food Enrichment, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - C Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R P Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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48
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Castellano P, Pérez Ibarreche M, Blanco Massani M, Fontana C, Vignolo GM. Strategies for Pathogen Biocontrol Using Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Metabolites: A Focus on Meat Ecosystems and Industrial Environments. Microorganisms 2017; 5:E38. [PMID: 28696370 PMCID: PMC5620629 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The globalization of trade and lifestyle ensure that the factors responsible for the emergence of diseases are more present than ever. Despite biotechnology advancements, meat-based foods are still under scrutiny because of the presence of pathogens, which causes a loss of consumer confidence and consequently a fall in demand. In this context, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as GRAS organisms offer an alternative for developing pathogen-free foods, particularly avoiding Listeria monocytogenes, with minimal processing and fewer additives while maintaining the foods' sensorial characteristics. The use of LAB strains, enabling us to produce antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) in addition to lactic acid, with an impact on quality and safety during fermentation, processing, and/or storage of meat and ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products, constitutes a promising tool. A number of bacteriocin-based strategies including the use of bioprotective cultures, purified and/or semi-purified bacteriocins as well as their inclusion in varied packaging materials under different storage conditions, have been investigated. The application of bacteriocins as part of hurdle technology using non-thermal technologies was explored for the preservation of RTE meat products. Likewise, considering that food contamination with L. monocytogenes is a consequence of the post-processing manipulation of RTE foods, the role of bacteriocinogenic LAB in the control of biofilms formed on industrial surfaces is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castellano
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Chacabuco 145, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Pérez Ibarreche
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Chacabuco 145, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Blanco Massani
- INTI-Plásticos, Gral Paz 5445 e/Constituyentes y Albarelos, B1650KNA Gral, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia Fontana
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA-EEA, Ruta Provincial 301 Km 32, Famaillá 4132, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Graciela M Vignolo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Chacabuco 145, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina.
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Controlled functional expression of the bacteriocins pediocin PA-1 and bactofencin A in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3069. [PMID: 28596555 PMCID: PMC5465099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteriocins bactofencin A (class IId) and pediocin PA-1 (class IIa) are encoded by operons with a similarly clustered gene organization including a structural peptide, an immunity protein, an ABC transporter and accessory bacteriocin transporter protein. Cloning of these operons in E. coli TunerTM (DE3) on a pETcoco-2 derived vector resulted in successful secretion of both bacteriocins. A corresponding approach, involving the construction of vectors containing different combinations of these genes, revealed that the structural and the transporter genes alone are sufficient to permit heterologous production and secretion in this host. Even though the accessory protein, usually associated with optimal disulfide bond formation, was not required for bacteriocin synthesis, its presence did result in greater pediocin PA-1 production. The simplicity of the system and the fact that the associated bacteriocins could be recovered from the extracellular medium provides an opportunity to facilitate protein engineering and the overproduction of biologically-active bacteriocins at industrial scale. Additionally, this system could enable the characterization of new bacteriocin operons where genetic tools are not available for the native producers.
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50
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Fahimirad S, Abtahi H, Razavi SH, Alizadeh H, Ghorbanpour M. Production of Recombinant Antimicrobial Polymeric Protein Beta Casein-E 50-52 and Its Antimicrobial Synergistic Effects Assessment with Thymol. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060822. [PMID: 28561787 PMCID: PMC6152712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerating emergence of antimicrobial resistance among food pathogens and consumers’ increasing demands for preservative-free foods are two contemporary challenging aspects within the food industry. Antimicrobial packaging and the use of natural preservatives are promising solutions. In the present study, we used beta-casein—one of the primary self-assembly proteins in milk with a high polymeric film production capability—as a fusion partner for the recombinant expression of E 50-52 antimicrobial peptide in Escherichia coli. The pET21a-BCN-E 50-52 construct was transformed to E. coli BL21 (DE3), and protein expression was induced under optimized conditions. Purified protein obtained from nickel affinity chromatography was refolded under optimized dialysis circumstances and concentrated to 1600 µg/mL fusion protein by ultrafiltration. Antimicrobial activities of recombinant BCN-E 50-52 performed against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans. Subsequently, the synergistic effects of BCN-E 50-52 and thymol were assayed. Results of checkerboard tests showed strong synergistic activity between two compounds. Time–kill and growth kinetic studies indicated a sharp reduction of cell viability during the first period of exposure, and SEM (scanning electron microscope) results validated the severe destructive effects of BCN E 50-52 and thymol in combination on bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Fahimirad
- Agriculture and Natural Resources Biotechnology Department, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (S.F.); (S.H.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Hamid Abtahi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak 38181-76941, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-913-114-6154
| | - Seyed Hadi Razavi
- Agriculture and Natural Resources Biotechnology Department, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (S.F.); (S.H.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Houshang Alizadeh
- Agriculture and Natural Resources Biotechnology Department, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (S.F.); (S.H.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 3815688349, Iran;
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