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Agarwal M, Roth K, Yang Z, Sharma R, Maddipati K, Westrick J, Petriello MC. Loss of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 modulates dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 126-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118492. [PMID: 38373550 PMCID: PMC11102846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Dioxin-like pollutants (DLPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB 126), are synthetic chemicals classified as persistent organic pollutants. They accumulate in adipose tissue and have been linked to cardiometabolic disorders, including fatty liver disease. The toxicity of these compounds is associated with activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), leading to the induction of phase I metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P4501a1 (Cyp1a1) and the subsequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent research has shown that DLPs can also induce the xenobiotic detoxification enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), which plays a role in metabolic homeostasis. We hypothesized whether genetic deletion of Fmo3 could protect mice, particularly in the liver, where Fmo3 is most inducible, against PCB 126 toxicity. To test this hypothesis, male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice and Fmo3 knockout (Fmo3 KO) mice were exposed to PCB 126 or vehicle (safflower oil) during a 12-week study, at weeks 2 and 4. Various analyses were performed, including hepatic histology, RNA-sequencing, and quantitation of PCB 126 and F2-isoprostane concentrations. The results showed that PCB 126 exposure caused macro and microvesicular fat deposition in WT mice, but this macrovesicular fatty change was absent in Fmo3 KO mice. Moreover, at the pathway level, the hepatic oxidative stress response was significantly different between the two genotypes, with the induction of specific genes observed only in WT mice. Notably, the most abundant F2-isoprostane, 8-iso-15-keto PGE2, increased in WT mice in response to PCB 126 exposure. The study's findings also demonstrated that hepatic tissue concentrations of PCB 126 were higher in WT mice compared to Fmo3 KO mice. In summary, the absence of FMO3 in mice led to a distinctive response to dioxin-like pollutant exposure in the liver, likely due to alterations in lipid metabolism and storage, underscoring the complex interplay of genetic factors in the response to environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Katherine Roth
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Zhao Yang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Krishnarao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomic Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Judy Westrick
- Department of Chemistry, Lumigen Instrumentation Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Wu N, Liu T, Tian M, Liu C, Ma S, Cao H, Bian H, Wang L, Feng Y, Qi J. Albumin, an interesting and functionally diverse protein, varies from 'native' to 'effective' (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:24. [PMID: 38099350 PMCID: PMC10784728 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumins (HSAs) are synthesized in the liver and are the most abundant proteins in plasma of healthy human. They play an important role in the pathophysiological processes of the liver and even the whole organism. Previous studies have mainly focused on the regulation of HSAs' expression. However, with the progress of research in recent years, it has been found that the content of circulating albumin cannot fully reflect the biological function of albumin itself. Given the aforementioned fact, the concept of serum 'effective albumin concentration' has been proposed. It refers to the content of albumin that is structurally and functionally intact. Alterations in the molecular structure and function of albumin have been reported in a variety of diseases, including liver disease. Moreover, these changes have been verified to affect the progression of oxidative stress‑related diseases. However, the link between albumin structure and function has not been fully elaborated, and the mechanisms by which different forms of albumin affect disease also need to be further investigated. In this context, the present review mainly expounded the biological characteristics and functions of albumin, summarized the different types of post‑translational modification of albumin, and discussed their functional changes and possible mechanisms in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, viral hepatitis and different stages of cirrhosis. This will help to improve understanding of the role of albumin in disease development and provide a more comprehensive physiological basis for it in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Bian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yuemin Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jianni Qi
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Rastgoo S, Fateh ST, Nikbaf-Shandiz M, Rasaei N, Aali Y, Zamani M, Shiraseb F, Asbaghi O. The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2173-2199. [PMID: 37656233 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
L-carnitine supplementation may be beneficial in improving inflammatory conditions and reducing the level of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, according to the finding of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammation in adults. To obtain acceptable articles up to October 2022, a thorough search was conducted in databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus. A random-effects model was used to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD). We included the 48 RCTs (n = 3255) with 51 effect sizes in this study. L-carnitine supplementation had a significant effect on C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p = 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p = 0.002), malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.001), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p = 0.029), alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.001), and aspartate transaminase (AST) (p < 0.001) in intervention, compared to the placebo group. Subgroup analyses showed that L-carnitine supplementation had a lowering effect on CRP and TNF-α in trial duration ≥ 12 weeks in type 2 diabetes and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. L-carnitine supplementation reduced ALT levels in overweight and normal BMI subjects at any trial dose and trial duration ≥ 12 weeks and reduced AST levels in overweight subjects and trial dose ≥ 2 g/day. This meta-analysis revealed that L-carnitine supplementation effectively reduces the inflammatory state by increasing the level of TAC and decreasing the levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Rastgoo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Aali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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The Cardioprotective Effect of Corosolic Acid in the Diabetic Rats: A Possible Mechanism of the PPAR-γ Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030929. [PMID: 36770602 PMCID: PMC9919720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine whether corosolic acid could protect the myocardium of diabetic rats from damage caused by isoproterenol (ISO) and, if so, how peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) activation might contribute into this protection. Diabetes in the rats was induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and it was divided into four groups: the diabetic control group, diabetic rats treated with corosolic acid, diabetic rats treated with GW9662, and diabetic rats treated with corosolic acid plus GW9662. The study was carried out for 28 days. The diabetic control and ISO control groups showed a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and an increase in systolic arterial pressure (SAP). The rat myocardium was activated by corosolic acid treatment, which elevated PPAR-γ expression. A histopathological analysis showed a significant reduction in myocardial damage by reducing myonecrosis and edema. It was found that myocardial levels of CK-MB and LDH levels were significantly increased after treatment with corosolic acid. By decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing endogenous antioxidant levels, corosolic acid therapy showed a significant improvement over the ISO diabetic group. In conclusion, our results prove that corosolic acid can ameliorate ISO-induced acute myocardial injury in rats. Based on these results, corosolic acid seems to be a viable new target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and other diseases of a similar nature.
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Higher hepatic advanced glycation end products and liver damage markers are associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nutr Res 2022; 104:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cross-Talking Pathways of Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Huntington’s Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7619255. [PMID: 35154571 PMCID: PMC8831070 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7619255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD) are destructive worldwide diseases. Efforts have been made to elucidate the process of these two diseases, yet the pathogenesis remains elusive as it involves a combination of multiple factors, including genetic and environmental ones. To explore the potential role of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in the development of AD and HD, we identified 1,853 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 19,414 background genes in both the AD&HD/control and FOXO1-low/high groups. Four coexpression modules were predicted by the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), among which blue and turquoise modules had the strongest correlation with AD&HD and high expression of FOXO1. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs in these modules were enriched in phagosome, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cellular senescence, FOXO signaling pathway, pathways of neurodegeneration, GABAergic synapse, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Furthermore, the cross-talking pathways of FOXO1 in AD and HD were jointly determined in a global regulatory network, such as the FOXO signaling pathway, cellular senescence, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Based on the performance evaluation of the area under the curve of 85.6%, FOXO1 could accurately predict the onset of AD and HD. We then identified the cross-talking pathways of FOXO1 in AD and HD, respectively. More specifically, FOXO1 was involved in the FOXO signaling pathway and cellular senescence in AD; correspondingly, FOXO1 participated in insulin resistance, insulin, and the FOXO signaling pathways in HD. Next, we use GSEA to validate the biological processes in AD&HD and FOXO1 expression. In GSEA analysis, regulation of protein maturation and regulation of protein processing were both enriched in the AD&HD and FOXO1-high groups, suggesting that FOXO1 may have implications in onset and progression of these two diseases through protein synthesis. Consequently, a high expression of FOXO1 is a potential pathogenic factor in both AD and HD involving mechanisms of the FOXO signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and cellular senescence. Our findings provide a comprehensive perspective on the molecular function of FOXO1 in the pathogenesis of AD and HD.
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Pereira ENGDS, Paula DP, Araujo BPD, Fonseca MDJMD, Diniz MDFHS, Daliry A, Griep RH. Advanced glycation end product: A potential biomarker for risk stratification of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in ELSA-Brasil study. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4913-4928. [PMID: 34447235 PMCID: PMC8371502 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i29.4913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver diseases are associated with the excess formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which induce tissue inflammation and oxidative damage. However, the trend of oxidative marker levels according to the steatosis grade in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear.
AIM To compare serum AGE levels between participants with NAFLD accordingly to steatosis severity in the baseline ELSA-Brasil population.
METHODS In 305 individuals at baseline ELSA-Brasil, NAFLD-associated steatosis was classified by ultrasound hepatic attenuation. The participants were grouped according to the severity of steatosis: mild and moderate/severe pooled. The measurement of serum fluorescent AGE concentrations was based on spectrofluorimetric detection. Serum AGE content and clinical and laboratory characteristics of the participants were compared between groups. The correlation between serum AGE levels and the grade of steatosis was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between serum AGE levels and steatosis severity. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS According to the steatosis severity spectrum in NAFLD, from mild to moderate/severe, individuals with the most severe steatosis grade had a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (63% vs 34%, P ≤ 0.001), diabetes mellitus (37% vs 14%, P ≤ 0.001), and high cholesterol levels (51% vs 33%, P < 0.001). Moreover, individuals with increasing severity of steatosis presented increasing waist circumference, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, C-reactive protein, and uric acid levels and lower high-density lipoprotein. Higher serum AGE content was present in the moderate/severe group of individuals than in the mild group (P = 0.008). In addition, the serum AGE levels were correlated with the steatosis grade in the overall sample (rho = 0.146, P = 0.010). Logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding variables, showed that subjects with higher serum AGE content had a 4.6-fold increased chance of having moderate or severe steatosis when compared to low levels of serum AGEs. According to the results of the receiver operator characteristic curves analyses (areas under the curve, AUC = 0.83), AGEs could be a good marker of steatosis severity in patients with NAFLD and might be a potential biomarker in predicting NAFLD progression, strengthening the involvement of AGE in NAFLD pathogenesis.
CONCLUSION NAFLD-associated steatosis was associated with serum AGE levels; therefore, plasmatic fluorescent AGE quantification by spectroscopy could be a promising alternative method to monitor progression from mild to severe NAFLD accordingly to steatosis grade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Polessa Paula
- National School of Statistical Sciences, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Peres de Araujo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
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Lee CY, Lee CL. Comparison of the Improvement Effect of Deep Ocean Water with Different Mineral Composition on the High Fat Diet-Induced Blood Lipid and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Mouse Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051732. [PMID: 34065270 PMCID: PMC8160870 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated lipid droplets in liver cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Deep ocean water (DOW) containing high levels of magnesium, calcium, and potassium, etc. was proven to suppress hepatic lipid in obese rats fed high fat diet in the previous study. However, the effect of mineral compositions of DOW on the prevention of NAFLD is still unclear. This study removed calcium and potassium from DOW for modulating the mineral composition, and further compared the effects of DOW (D1(Mg + Ca + K)), DOW with low potassium (D2(Mg + Ca)), and DOW with low calcium and potassium (D3(Mg)) on the prevention of NAFLD in the mice model fed with high fat diet. In these results, DOW with high magnesium levels reduced serum and liver triglyceride and cholesterol levels and serum AST and ALT activities. However, when the calcium and/or potassium minerals were removed from DOW, the effects of reduction of triglyceride level, inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) expressions, and activation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities would be weaker. In conclusion, DOW including magnesium, calcium and potassium minerals has the strongest preventive effect on NAFLD in a mouse model by increasing the antioxidant system and inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis.
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Dihydro-stilbene gigantol relieves CCl 4-induced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in mice via inhibiting C5b-9 formation in the liver. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1433-1445. [PMID: 32404983 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, anti-inflammatory treatment is considered for multiple liver diseases despite the etiology. But current drugs for alleviating liver inflammation have defects, making it necessary to develop more potent and safer drugs for liver injury. In this study, we screened a series of (dihydro-)stilbene or (dihydro-)phenanthrene derivatives extracted from Pholidota chinensis for their potential biological activities. Among 31 compounds, the dihydro-stilbene gigantol exerted most potent protective effects on human hepatocytes against lithocholic acid toxicity, and exhibited solid antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect in vitro. In mice with CCl4-induced acute liver injury, pre-administration of gigantol (10, 20, 40 mg· kg-1· d-1, po, for 7 days) dose-dependently decreased serum transaminase levels and improved pathological changes in liver tissues. The elevated lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses in the livers were also significantly alleviated by gigantol. The pharmacokinetic studies showed that gigantol was highly concentrated in the mouse livers, which consisted with its efficacy in preventing liver injury. Using a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis we revealed that gigantol mainly regulated the immune system process in liver tissues of CCl4-treated mice, and the complement and coagulation cascades was the predominant pathway; gigantol markedly inhibited the expression of complement component C9, which was a key component for the formation of terminal complement complex (TCC) C5b-9. These results were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or real time-PCR. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that gigantol significantly inhibited the vascular deposition of TCC in the liver. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that oral administration of gigantol potently relieves liver oxidative stress and inflammation, possibly via a novel mechanism of inhibiting the C5b-9 formation in the liver.
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BedÊ TP, Jesuz VA, Souza VR, Elias MB, Oliveira FL, Dias JF, Teodoro AJ, Azeredo VB. Effects of grape juice, red wine and resveratrol on liver parameters of rat submitted high-fat diet. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20191230. [PMID: 32785427 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work evaluated the effect of grape juice, red wine and resveratrol in liver parameters of rats submitted to high-fat diet. Experimental model was conducted with groups of adult females Rattus norvegicus: control (CG); high-fat (HG); grape juice (JG); red wine (RW) and resveratrol solution (RG). The high-fat diet significantly altered hepatocytes and Kupffer cells in all treated groups. HG group presented severe steatosis followed hepatocyte ballooning and tissue damages. JG group minimized hepatic histological lesion caused by high-fat diet and WG group also induced steatosis and inflammation in hepatocytes, similar to HG. Still, resveratrol protected the tissue against fatty liver disease by reducing fat infiltration and inflammation, indicating possible therapeutic effects on the liver. Cell cycle analysis showed that HG promoted damage to the tissue, reducing the viable cell content and increasing apoptosis, even when associated with wine consumption or isolated resveratrol. However, JG protected the liver against cell damage generated by the diet. Consumption of grape juice, even associated with a high-fat diet, represents a promising protection of the liver against cellular damage, but red wine further affects the tissue, and resveratrol alone was able to reduce damage but did not minimize cellular damage to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P BedÊ
- Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Jesuz
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Souza
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monique B Elias
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe L Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Dias
- Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anderson J Teodoro
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vilma B Azeredo
- Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Syed AA, Reza MI, Shafiq M, Kumariya S, Singh P, Husain A, Hanif K, Gayen JR. Naringin ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced steatohepatitis by inhibiting RAGE/NF-κB mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Life Sci 2020; 257:118118. [PMID: 32702445 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent findings have instituted the role of hyperglycemia-related AGE/RAGE and NF-κB in instigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of hepatocyte, which leads to steatohepatitis. Naringin, a flavanone glycoside found to possess myriads of pharmacological benefits along with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, we aimed to decipher the effect of naringin on RAGE/NF-κB mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced steatohepatitis. MAIN METHODS Hepatic HepG2 cells were cultured in palmitic acid medium with and without naringin. Lipid content was examined by Oil Red O and Nile Red staining. Cellular apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. An experimental T2DM-induced steatohepatitis was developed in Sprague Dawley rats by high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. The naringin was administrated orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg, daily for eight weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance test was performed. Liver sections were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red. The mRNA and protein expression of RAGE and NF-κB were determined by qPCR, Immunofluorescence, and Immunoblotting. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cellular and mitochondrial ROS were measured by FACS. KEY FINDINGS Palmitic acid encountered HepG2 cells and HFD fed rats exhibited hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, abnormal aminotransferases, steatosis, and fibrosis. Besides, the level of AGEs, RAGE, NF-κB, and oxidative stress were exacerbated. Moreover, MMP, cellular and mitochondrial ROS were altered in diabetic rats. Nevertheless, the naringin treatment ameliorated the steatohepatitis by improving the levels of aforementioned parameters. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, these findings suggested anti-steatohepatitis potential of naringin in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammed Shafiq
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjana Kumariya
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Moura FA, Goulart MOF, Campos SBG, da Paz Martins AS. The Close Interplay of Nitro-Oxidative Stress, Advanced Glycation end Products and Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2059-2076. [PMID: 30182837 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180904115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) exhibits no defined aetiology. However, factors such as genetic and nitro-oxidative stress are associated with chronic inflammation and IBD progression to Colorectal Cancer (CRC). The present review discusses the association of nitro-oxidative stress, inflammation and Advanced Glycation End products (AGE) and their corresponding receptor (RAGE) in IBD and examines the connection between these factors and nuclear factors, such as Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), factorerythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and p53 Mutant (p53M). METHODS We searched the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases using a combination of the following terms: IBD, CRC, oxidative stress, inflammation, NF-κB, Nrf2, p53M, AGE and RAGE. RESULTS Oxidative stress and inflammation activated two cellular pathways, the nuclear expression of pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant and pro-oncogenic genes based on NF-κB and p53M, which is associated with NF-κB activation, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and the expression of pro-oncogenic genes. Nrf2 stimulates the nuclear expression of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems and anti-inflammatory genes, and is inhibited by chronic oxidative stress, NF-κB and p53M. AGE/RAGE are involved in inflammation progression because RAGE polymorphisms and increased RAGE levels are found in IBD patients. Alterations of these pathways in combination with oxidative damage are responsible for IBD symptoms and the progression to CRC. CONCLUSION IBD is an inflammatory and nitro-oxidative stress-based bowel disease. Achieving a molecular understanding of the biochemical events and their complicated interactions will impact basic and applied research, animal models, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Andréa Moura
- Faculdade de Nutrição/Universidade Federal de Alagoas (FANUT/UFAL), Campus A. C. Simões, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Samara Bonfim Gomes Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Amylly Sanuelly da Paz Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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A pilot study of the effect of curcumin on epigenetic changes and DNA damage among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 51:102447. [PMID: 32507446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enhancement of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients may cause mutation in DNA by deamination of cytosine to 5-hydroxyuracil or uracil. This study aimed to discover the effects of curcumin on NAFLD progress, DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, and promoter methylation of mismatch repair enzymes. MATERIAL AND METHODS in this study, 54 NAFLD patients were randomly devided into two groups, according to a double blind parallel design either phytosomal curcumin (250 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples and anthropometric measures were taken twice, once at the baseline and once at the end of the study. Promoter methylation and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration as DNA damage mediator were measured by restriction enzymes and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULT Analysis was performed on 44 patients. According to our between groups analysis, curcumin significantly reduced the methylation in MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) and MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) promoter regions. The within-group comparison revealed that anthropometric variables significantly decreased. However, the result of the between groups comparison indicated no significant changes in the anthropometric variables except for BMI. Liver enzymes and 8-OHdG did not significantly change at the end of the study, neither in curcumin group nor in placebo group. CONCLUSION Curcumin might be able to reduce the risk of mismatch base pair in DNA among the NAFLD patients. However, it did not change the DNA damage mediator and liver enzymes. For confirming these results, more studies with longer duration, more numbers of examined genes, higher dose of curcumin, and larger sample size are required.
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Mirhafez SR, Rezai A, Dehabeh M, Nobakht M Gh BF, Bidkhori M, Sahebkar A, Hariri M. Efficacy of phytosomal curcumin among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:278-286. [PMID: 31818232 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Scientists proposed that curcumin could be used for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this article, we aimed to identify the effect of curcumin on NAFLD improvement. Fifty patients with NAFLD, were divided into two groups in this randomized, double-blind, and controlled clinical trial. Patients in the curcumin group received 250 mg/day of phytosomal curcumin, while those in the control group received 250 mg/day of placebo for duration of eight weeks. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were taken once at the baseline and once at the end of the study. Analysis was performed on 45 patients (curcumin group n = 22, placebo group n = 22). According to between groups analysis, curcumin significantly reduced the carboxymethyl lisine (CML) (148 ± 108 ng/mL vs 197 ± 101 ng/mL, P = 0.04), 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (46.9 ± 31.1 ng/mL vs 52.1 ± 43.1 ng/mL P = 0.03), liver enzymes (P < 0.001), weight (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), body fat percent (P < 0.01), and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.01) in comparison with placebo. However, curcumin supplementation compared to placebo did not reduce soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), hip circumference, waist/hip, and fat free mass by the end of the study. Our study indicated that phytosamal curcumin might be able to reduce the NAFLD progress by reducing the anthropometric measures, AGEs, and DNA damage. However, we need more studies with longer intervention duration, and larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Mirhafez
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Azam Rezai
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Maryam Dehabeh
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - B Fatemeh Nobakht M Gh
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bidkhori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Hariri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Does L-carnitine supplementation affect serum levels of enzymes mainly produced by liver? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1767-1783. [PMID: 31385062 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS L-carnitine supplementation is proposed to reduce liver enzymes levels; however, previous findings were equivocal. The current systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were performed to assess the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on serum levels of enzymes mainly produced by liver [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP)]. METHODS Online databases as well as the reference lists of relevant studies were searched from inception up to June 2019. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Data were pooled using the random-effects model and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In total, 18 RCTs (1161 participants) met the eligibility criteria. L-carnitine supplementation dose ranged from 500 to 4000 mg/day. L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced serum ALT (MD = - 8.65 IU/L, 95% CI - 13.40, - 3.90), AST (MD = - 8.52 IU/L, 95% CI - 12.16, - 4.89), and GGTP (MD = - 8.80 IU/L, 95% CI - 13.67, - 3.92) levels. The subgroup analysis showed that L-carnitine might be more effective in reducing the enzymes when supplemented in higher doses (≥ 2000 mg/day), for longer durations (> 12 weeks), and among patients with liver diseases. The meta-evidence was graded as "moderate" for ALT and AST, and "low" for GGTP according to NutriGrade scoring system. CONCLUSION L-carnitine supplementation significantly improves circulating ALT, AST and GGTP levels; therefore, it might positively affect liver function, especially among patients with liver diseases. Further high-quality RCTs are recommended to confirm our results.
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Drescher HK, Weiskirchen R, Fülöp A, Hopf C, de San Román EG, Huesgen PF, de Bruin A, Bongiovanni L, Christ A, Tolba R, Trautwein C, Kroy DC. The Influence of Different Fat Sources on Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis Development in the Western Diet Mouse Model of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Front Physiol 2019; 10:770. [PMID: 31293441 PMCID: PMC6603084 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the leading cause of chronic liver injury and the third most common reason for liver transplantations in Western countries. It is unclear so far how different fat sources in Western diets (WD) influence the development of NASH. Our study investigates the impact of non-trans fat (NTF) and corn oil (Corn) as fat source in a WD mouse model of steatohepatitis on disease development and progression. C57BL/6J wildtype (WT) mice were fed “standard” WD (WD-Std), WD-NTF or WD-Corn for 24 weeks. WT animals treated with WD-NTF exhibit distinct features of the metabolic syndrome compared to WD-Std and WD-Corn. This becomes evident by a worsened insulin resistance and elevated serum ALT, cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels compared to WD-Corn. Animals fed WD-Corn on the contrary tend to a weakened disease progression in the described parameters. After 24 weeks feeding with WD-NTF and WD-Std, WD-Corn lead to a comparable steatohepatitis initiation by histomorphological changes and immune cell infiltration compared to WD-Std. Immune cell infiltration results in a significant increase in mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, which is more pronounced in WD-NTF compared to WD-Std and WD-Corn. Interestingly the fat source has no impact on the composition of accumulating fat within liver tissue as determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of multiple lipid classes. The described effects of different fat sources on the development of steatohepatitis finally resulted in variations in fibrosis development. Animals treated with WD-NTF displayed massive collagen accumulation, whereas WD-Corn even seems to protect from extracellular matrix deposition. Noteworthy, WD-Corn provokes massive histomorphological modifications in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and severe accumulation of extracellular matrix which are not apparent in WD-Std and WD-NTF treatment. Different fat sources in WD-Std contribute to strong steatohepatitis development in WT mice after 24 weeks treatment. Surprisingly, corn oil provokes histomorphological changes in eWAT tissue. Accordingly, both WD-NTF and WD-Corn appear suitable as alternative dietary treatment to replace “standard” WD-Std as a diet mouse model of steatohepatitis whereas WD-Corn leads to strong changes in eWAT morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Drescher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annabelle Fülöp
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3 - Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Annette Christ
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - René Tolba
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery and Central Laboratory for Laboratory Animal Science, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela C Kroy
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Amorim RG, Guedes GDS, Vasconcelos SMDL, Santos JCDF. Kidney Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: Cross-Linking between Hyperglycemia, Redox Imbalance and Inflammation. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 112:577-587. [PMID: 31188964 PMCID: PMC6555585 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia is the key point of macro- and microvascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Excess glucose is responsible for inducing redox imbalance and both systemic and intrarenal inflammation, playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, which is currently the leading cause of dialysis in the world. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex, multifactorial and not fully elucidated; many factors and mechanisms are involved in the development, progression and clinical outcomes of the disease. Despite the disparate mechanisms involved in renal damage related to diabetes mellitus, the metabolic mechanisms involving oxidative/inflammatory pathways are widely accepted. The is clear evidence that a chronic hyperglycemic state triggers oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by altered metabolic pathways in a self-perpetuating cycle, promoting progression of cell injury and of end-stage renal disease. The present study presents an update on metabolic pathways that involve redox imbalance and inflammation induced by chronic exposure to hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayne Gomes Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas - Faculdade de Nutrição, Maceió, AL - Brazil
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18
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Zaman A, Arif Z, Moinuddin, Akhtar K, Ali WM, Alam K. A study on hepatopathic, dyslipidemic and immunogenic properties of fructosylated-HSA-AGE and binding of autoantibodies in sera of obese and overweight patients with fructosylated-HSA-AGE. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216736. [PMID: 31116779 PMCID: PMC6530853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over consumption of fructose may lead to obesity and dyslipidemia and cause fructosylation-induced alterations in the structure and function of proteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of fructosylated-HSA-AGE in the pathogenesis of fatty liver (NAFLD and NASH) by biochemical, immunological and histological studies. Immunogenicity of fructosylated-HSA-AGE was probed by inducing antibodies in rabbits. Fructosylated-HSA-AGE was found to be highly immunogenic. Furthermore, fructosylated-HSA-AGE caused mild fibrosis with steatosis and portal inflammation of hepatocytes in experimental animals. Liver function test and dyslipidemic parameters in immunized animals were also found to be raised. Ultrasonography, which should form part of the assessment of chronically raised transaminases, shows fatty infiltration. Interestingly, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) profiles confirms USG images of overweight, obese patients. Thus, present study demonstrates that fructosylated-HSA-AGE is hepatotoxic, immunologically active and may cause dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Zaman
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zarina Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wasif Mohammad Ali
- Department of Surgery, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rojas A, Morales M, Gonzalez I, Araya P. Inhibition of RAGE Axis Signaling: A Pharmacological Challenge. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:340-346. [PMID: 30124149 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180820105956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) is an important cell surface receptor, which belongs to the IgG super family and is now considered as a pattern recognition receptor. Because of its relevance in many human clinical settings, it is now pursued as a very attractive therapeutic target. However, particular features of this receptor such as a wide repertoire of ligands with different binding domains, the existence of many RAGE variants as well as the presence of cytoplasmatic adaptors leading a diverse signaling, are important limitations in the search for successful pharmacological approaches to inhibit RAGE signaling. Therefore, the present review aimed to display the most promising approaches to inhibit RAGE signaling, and provide an up to date review of progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Miguel Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ileana Gonzalez
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Paulina Araya
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
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Palma-Duran SA, Kontogianni MD, Vlassopoulos A, Zhao S, Margariti A, Georgoulis M, Papatheodoridis G, Combet E. Serum levels of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and the decoy soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE) can identify non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in age-, sex- and BMI-matched normo-glycemic adults. Metabolism 2018; 83:120-127. [PMID: 29409822 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious health problem affecting ~25% of the global population. While NAFLD pathogenesis is still unclear, multiple NAFLD parameters, including reduced insulin sensitivity, impaired glucose metabolism and increased oxidative stress are hypothesised to foster the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Given the link of AGEs with end organ damage, there is scope to examine the role of the AGE/RAGE axis activation in liver injury and NAFLD. METHODS Age, sex and body mass index matched normo-glycemic NAFLD adults (n = 58) and healthy controls (n = 58) were enrolled in the study. AGEs were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CML, CEL), fluorescence (pentosidine, AGE fluorescence), colorimetry (fructosamine) and ELISA (sRAGE). Their association with liver function, inflammation, fibrosis and stage of NAFLD was examined. RESULTS Early and advanced glycation end-products, except Nε-carboxymethyl-L-lysine (CML), were 10-30% higher, sRAGE levels 1.7-fold lower, and glycation/sRAGE ratios 4-fold higher in the NAFLD cases compared to controls. While AGEs presented weak to moderate correlations with indices of liver function and damage (AST/ALT, HOMA-IR, TNF-α and TGF-β1), including sRAGE to characterize the AGEs/sRAGE axis strengthened the associations observed. High glycation/sRAGE ratios were associated with 1.3 to 14-fold likelihood of lower AST/ALT ratios. The sum of AGEs/sRAGE ratios accurately distinguished between healthy controls and NAFLD patients (area under the curve of 0.85). Elevated AGEs/sRAGE (>7.8 mmol/pmol) was associated with a 12-fold likelihood of the presence of NAFLD. CONCLUSION These findings strengthen the involvement of AGEs-RAGE axis in liver injury and the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Palma-Duran
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Meropi D Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Vlassopoulos
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Shudong Zhao
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Aikaterini Margariti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Meedical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Georgoulis
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - George Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Meedical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - Emilie Combet
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
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Muñiz A, Garcia AH, Pérez RM, García EV, González DE. In Vitro Inhibitory Activity of Acca sellowiana Fruit Extract on End Products of Advanced Glycation. Diabetes Ther 2018; 9:67-74. [PMID: 29168124 PMCID: PMC5801221 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-017-0335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperglycemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, as it increases protein glycation, as well as the progressive accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are complex structures that produce fluorescence. The glycation reaction raises the levels of protein carbonyl, N ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), and fructosamine and decreases the level of thiol groups. METHODS In the present study, the antiglycation activity was determined by fluorescence intensity using the bovine serum albumin (BSA)/glucose, CML method, and the level of fructosamine. The oxidation of proteins was determined by the carbonyl protein content and thiol groups. RESULTS The results show that the hexane extract of Acca sellowiana (FOH) at different concentrations (0.30-5 mg/ml) significantly inhibited the formation of AGEs in the BSA/glucose model during the 4 weeks of the study. FOH reduced the levels of fructosamine and CML. Our results showed a significant effect of FOH in the prevention of oxidative damage of proteins, as well as an effect on the oxidation of thiol groups and carbonyl proteins. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that FOH is effective in inhibiting the glycation of proteins in vitro, so it can prevent or ameliorate the chronic conditions of diabetes associated with the formation of AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethia Muñiz
- CONACYT-IPICYT/CIIDZA, Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4 sección, CP 78216, San Luis Potosí, México.
| | - Abraham H Garcia
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Col. Zacatenco, CP 07758, Mexico City, México
| | - Rosa M Pérez
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Col. Zacatenco, CP 07758, Mexico City, México
| | - Efren V García
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, CP 07340, Mexico City, México
| | - Daphne E González
- CONACYT-IPICYT/CIIDZA, Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4 sección, CP 78216, San Luis Potosí, México
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Formula derived Maillard reaction products in post-weaning intrauterine growth-restricted piglets induce developmental programming of hepatic oxidative stress independently of microRNA-21 and microRNA-155. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:566-572. [PMID: 29310731 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported augmentation of lipid peroxidation products in the liver of intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) piglets fed a high load of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) during suckling period. The underlying mechanisms of MRPs effects remain unknown. Here, we studied the long-term impact of MRPs exposure on liver oxidative status of IUGR juvenile pigs. Livers of 54-day-old pigs suckled with formula containing either a high (HHF, n=8) or a low (LHF: n=8) load of MRPs were analyzed for protein carbonylation levels , activities and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of glutathione (GSH) and main antioxidant regulators of redox homeostasis [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. In addition, mRNA levels of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 were measured. The liver of HHF group exhibited a high level of lipid peroxidation with significantly increased expression and activity of SOD. Further in liver of HHF group, CAT activity was decreased as compared with LHF group, though with comparable total protein carbonyl contents, GSH contents, and expression of GPx and microRNAs (miRNA-21 and miRNA-155). Our findings suggest that the potential mechanism of MRPs-mediated oxidative stress programming in liver of IUGR piglets may occur via impairment of antioxidant defenses.
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Alqasim AA, Noureldin EEM, Hammadi SH, Esheba GE. Effect of melatonin versus vitamin D as antioxidant and Hepatoprotective agents in STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16:41. [PMID: 29021975 PMCID: PMC5622449 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-017-0322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic disease, with multiple complications including hepatopathy associated with imbalance of the oxidative status. The purpose of this study is to observe possible protective effects of vitamin-D and melatonin on glucose profile, antioxidant-oxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and histopathological protection of the liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Eighty three male albino rats were divided into nine groups as follows: G1 (n = 10) Normal control rats; G2 (n = 8) were normal rats treated with melatonin only; G3 (n = 10) were normal rats treated with vitamin D only; G4 (n = 9) were diabetic rats, which received no medications; G5 (n = 8) were diabetic rat treated with insulin only; G6 (n = 10) were diabetic rats treated with melatonin only; G7 (n = 9) were diabetic rats treated with melatonin and insulin; G8 (n = 9) were diabetic rats treated with vitamin D only; G9 (n = 10) were diabetic rats treated with vitamin D and insulin. Two months post treatment, blood was collected to measure: Fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fructosamine (FA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdahyde (MDA). livers were isolated for histopathological study. Results As compared to normal rats, our results demonstrate that glucose, fructosamine and HbA1c levels is increased in diabetic groups and declined to lesser levels in treated groups. TAC level of diabetic rats is not significantly changed. Vitamin D administration significantly increased TAC while it is not changed with melatonin either in treated or non-treated groups. The liver of diabetic rats shows only mild focal microvesicular fatty degeneration. The liver of diabetic rats treated with insulin shows degeneration of cell edema in the stroma. The liver of diabetic rats treated with melatonin with or without insulin, exhibited marked improvement. The liver of diabetic rats treated with vitamin D with or without insulin, shows degeneration of cells and edema in the stroma. Conclusion Our results demonstrated the beneficial antioxidant effect of vitamin D administration to normal and diabetic rats as compared to melatonin. Nevertheless, melatonin still shows more therapeutic effect on liver cell injury induced by induction of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmonim A Alqasim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Eldin M Noureldin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami H Hammadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada E Esheba
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Kawaharada R, Masuda H, Chen Z, Blough E, Kohama T, Nakamura A. Intrauterine hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory signalling via the receptor for advanced glycation end products in the cardiac muscle of the infants of diabetic mother rats. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2701-2712. [PMID: 28942514 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gestational diabetes is associated with increased risk to the health of the mother and her offspring. In particular, the infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) exhibit elevated levels of preterm birth, macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and cardiomyopathy. We have previously reported that IDMs showed abnormalities in cardiac Akt-related insulin signalling, and that these deficiencies in Akt-related signalling were attenuated by supplementing the maternal diet with fish-oil. Herein, we investigated whether the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) found in fish oil can be used to attenuate diabetes associated impairments in cardiomyocyte signalling. METHODS Pregnant diabetic rats were administered streptozotocin before receiving EPA or water, and their infants were designated IDM/EPA, IDM/W. We assessed the potential molecular pathway for this effect in the primary cardiac cell from newborn rat hearts. RESULTS Insulin resistance as determined by diminished GLUT4 translocation following insulin stimulation, the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species were elevated in the neonatal hearts of IDM/W compared with that seen in the offspring born from non-diabetic control animals. Similarly, the receptor of AGEs (RAGE) mRNA levels, reactive oxygen species and the amount of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA were higher in the hearts from the IDM/W when compared to that observed in the hearts of offspring born to non-diabetic animals. These deleterious effects of gestational diabetes were significantly decreased in the offspring of diabetic mothers receiving EPA supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that the EPA in fish oil may improve the impaired signalling and the excessive protein glycation in the cardiac muscles of infants exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Kawaharada
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Haruna Masuda
- Department of Nutrition, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, 617-1, Takabayashinishi-machi, Ota, Gunma, 373-8550, Japan
| | - Zhenyi Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Eric Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.,Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Tomoko Kohama
- Maki Hospital, 71-1, Tsukunawa-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0075, Japan
| | - Akio Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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Buechler C, Haberl EM, Rein-Fischboeck L, Aslanidis C. Adipokines in Liver Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1392. [PMID: 28661458 PMCID: PMC5535885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis, which is considered a serious disease. The Child-Pugh score and the model of end-stage liver disease score have been established to assess residual liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis. The development of portal hypertension contributes to ascites, variceal bleeding and further complications in these patients. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is used to lower portal pressure, which represents a major improvement in the treatment of patients. Adipokines are proteins released from adipose tissue and modulate hepatic fibrogenesis. These proteins affect various biological processes that are involved in liver function, including angiogenesis, vasodilation, inflammation and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. The best studied adipokines are adiponectin and leptin. Adiponectin protects against hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis, and leptin functions as a profibrogenic factor. These and other adipokines are supposed to modulate disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis. Consequently, circulating levels of these proteins have been analyzed to identify associations with parameters of hepatic function, portal hypertension and its associated complications in patients with liver cirrhosis. This review article briefly addresses the role of adipokines in hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Here, studies having analyzed these proteins in systemic blood in cirrhotic patients are listed to identify adipokines that are comparably changed in the different cohorts of patients with liver cirrhosis. Some studies measured these proteins in systemic, hepatic and portal vein blood or after TIPS to specify the tissues contributing to circulating levels of these proteins and the effect of portal hypertension, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth M Haberl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Charalampos Aslanidis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
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Drescher HK, Schippers A, Clahsen T, Sahin H, Noels H, Hornef M, Wagner N, Trautwein C, Streetz KL, Kroy DC. β 7-Integrin and MAdCAM-1 play opposing roles during the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2017; 66:1251-1264. [PMID: 28192190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries. It is unclear how infiltrating leukocytes affect NASH-development. Our study aims to investigate the role of the homing/receptor, pair mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1)/β7-Integrin, on immune cell recruitment and disease progression in a steatohepatitis model. METHODS Constitutive β7-Integrin deficient (β7-/-) and MAdCAM-1 deficient (MAdCAM-1-/-) mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 26weeks or methionine-choline-deficient-diet (MCD) for 4weeks. RESULTS β7-/- mice displayed earlier and more progressive steatohepatitis during HFD- and MCD-treatment, while MAdCAM-1-/- mice showed less histomorphological changes. The anti-oxidative stress response was significantly weaker in β7-/- mice as reflected by a significant downregulation of the transcription factors nuclear-factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme-oxigenase-1 (HO-1). Additionally, stronger dihydroethidium-staining revealed an increased oxidative stress response in β7-/- animals. In contrast, MAdCAM-1-/- mice showed an upregulation of the anti-oxidative stress response. β7-/- animals exhibited stronger hepatic infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils, reflecting earlier steatohepatitis initiation. Expression of regulatory T cell (TReg) markers as well as numbers of anti-inflammatory macrophages was significantly enhanced in MAdCAM-1-/- mice. Those changes finally resulted in earlier and stronger collagen accumulation in β7-/- mice, whereas MAdCAM-1-/- mice were protected from fibrosis initiation. CONCLUSIONS Adhesion molecule mediated effector cell migration contributes to the outcome of steatohepatitis in the HFD- and the MCD model. While MAdCAM-1 promotes steatohepatitis, β7-Integrin unexpectedly exerts protective effects. β7-/- mice show earlier steatohepatitis initiation and significantly stronger fibrosis progression. Accordingly, the interaction of β7-Integrins and their receptor MAdCAM-1 provide novel targets for therapeutic interventions in steatohepatitis. LAY SUMMARY The mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) is expressed in livers upon diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Loss of MAdCAM-1 has beneficial effects regarding the development of NASH - manifested by reduced hepatic oxidative stress and decreased inflammation. In contrast, β7-Integrin-deficiency results in increased steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Drescher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Hacer Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Konrad L Streetz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela C Kroy
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
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Dietary Sugars and Endogenous Formation of Advanced Glycation Endproducts: Emerging Mechanisms of Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040385. [PMID: 28420091 PMCID: PMC5409724 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in metabolic diseases, which occurred in the last three decades in both industrialized and developing countries, has been related to the rise in sugar-added foods and sweetened beverages consumption. An emerging topic in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases related to modern nutrition is the role of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs). AGEs can be ingested with high temperature processed foods, but also endogenously formed as a consequence of a high dietary sugar intake. Animal models of high sugar consumption, in particular fructose, have reported AGE accumulation in different tissues in association with peripheral insulin resistance and lipid metabolism alterations. The in vitro observation that fructose is one of the most rapid and effective glycating agents when compared to other sugars has prompted the investigation of the in vivo fructose-induced glycation. In particular, the widespread employment of fructose as sweetener has been ascribed by many experimental and observational studies for the enhancement of lipogenesis and intracellular lipid deposition. Indeed, diet-derived AGEs have been demonstrated to interfere with many cell functions such as lipid synthesis, inflammation, antioxidant defences, and mitochondrial metabolism. Moreover, emerging evidence also in humans suggest that this impact of dietary AGEs on different signalling pathways can contribute to the onset of organ damage in liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle, and the brain, affecting not only metabolic control, but global health. Indeed, the most recent reports on the effects of high sugar consumption and diet-derived AGEs on human health reviewed here suggest the need to limit the dietary sources of AGEs, including added sugars, to prevent the development of metabolic diseases and related comorbidities.
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Abstract
Advanced glycation end products constitute a complex group of compounds derived from the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids formed endogenously, but also from exogenous supplies such as tobacco smoking (glycotoxins). Accumulating evidence underlies the beneficial effect of the dietary restriction of glycotoxins in animal studies and also in patients with diabetic complications and metabolic diseases. Composition of infant formulas and their processing methods render an extraordinary favorable milieu for the formation of glycotoxins, and the content of glycotoxins in infant formula exceeds that of breast milk by hundred folds. Data from a limited number of short-term small studies in healthy infants do not provide direct evidence of acute negative health effects of glycotoxins in early infancy. However, the effects in sensitive groups on the state of future health in adulthood remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Kutlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Division of Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Ahmadian E, Pennefather PS, Eftekhari A, Heidari R, Eghbal MA. Role of renin-angiotensin system in liver diseases: an outline on the potential therapeutic points of intervention. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:1279-1288. [PMID: 27352778 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2016.1207523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current review aimed to outline the functions of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in the context of the oxidative stress-associated liver disease. Areas covered: Angiotensin II (Ang II) as the major effector peptide of the RAS is a pro-oxidant and fibrogenic cytokine. Mechanistically, NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a multicomponent enzyme complex that is able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a downstream signaling pathway of Ang II which is expressed in liver. Ang II has a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease through possessing pro-oxidant, fibrogenic, and pro-inflammatory impact in the liver. The alternative axis (ACE2/Ang(1-7)/mas) of the RAS serves as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic component of the RAS. Expert commentary: In summary, the use of alternative axis inhibitors accompanying with ACE2/ Ang(1-7)/mas axis activation is a promising new strategy serving as a novel therapeutic option to prevent and treat chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadian
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Biotechnology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,d Students Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Peter S Pennefather
- e Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,d Students Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- f Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.,g Gerash School of Paramedical Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Eghbal
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Biotechnology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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31
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Delgado-Andrade C. Carboxymethyl-lysine: thirty years of investigation in the field of AGE formation. Food Funct 2016; 7:46-57. [PMID: 26462729 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In 1985 carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), the first glycoxidation product, was discovered by Dr Ahmed while trying to identify the major products formed in reactions of glucose with lysine under physiological conditions. From that moment, a significant number of researchers have joined efforts to study its formation routes both in foods and in living beings, and the possibility of the existence of an additive action between food-occurring and in vivo produced CML and to explore all the implications associated with its appearance in the biological systems, regardless of its origin. This review presents interesting information on the latest advances in the research on CML sources, mitigation strategies, intake, metabolism and body fluid and tissue delivery, its possible in vivo synergy with highly modified advanced glycation end products-protein, and the physio-pathological implications derived from the presence of this compound in body fluids and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Delgado-Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), 18100, Granada, Spain.
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Leung C, Herath CB, Jia Z, Andrikopoulos S, Brown BE, Davies MJ, Rivera LR, Furness JB, Forbes JM, Angus PW. Dietary advanced glycation end-products aggravate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8026-8040. [PMID: 27672297 PMCID: PMC5028816 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.8026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine if manipulation of dietary advanced glycation end product (AGE), intake affects non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and whether these effects are mediated via RAGE.
METHODS Male C57Bl6 mice were fed a high fat, high fructose, high cholesterol (HFHC) diet for 33 wk and compared with animals on normal chow. A third group were given a HFHC diet that was high in AGEs. Another group was given a HFHC diet that was marinated in vinegar to prevent the formation of AGEs. In a second experiment, RAGE KO animals were fed a HFHC diet or a high AGE HFHC diet and compared with wildtype controls. Hepatic biochemistry, histology, picrosirius red morphometry and hepatic mRNA were determined.
RESULTS Long-term consumption of the HFHC diet generated significant steatohepatitis and fibrosis after 33 wk. In this model, hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal content (a marker of chronic oxidative stress), hepatocyte ballooning, picrosirius red staining, α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type 1A gene expression were all significantly increased. Increasing the AGE content of the HFHC diet by baking further increased these markers of liver damage, but this was abrogated by pre-marination in acetic acid. In response to the HFHC diet, RAGE-/- animals developed NASH of similar severity to RAGE+/+ animals but were protected from the additional harmful effects of the high AGE containing diet. Studies in isolated Kupffer cells showed that AGEs increase cell proliferation and oxidative stress, providing a likely mechanism through which these compounds contribute to liver injury.
CONCLUSION In the HFHC model of NAFLD, manipulation of dietary AGEs modulates liver injury, inflammation, and liver fibrosis via a RAGE dependent pathway. This suggests that pharmacological and dietary strategies targeting the AGE/RAGE pathway could slow the progression of NAFLD.
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Pinkas A, Aschner M. Advanced Glycation End-Products and Their Receptors: Related Pathologies, Recent Therapeutic Strategies, and a Potential Model for Future Neurodegeneration Studies. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:707-14. [PMID: 27054356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the result of a nonenzymatic reaction between sugars and proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. AGEs are both consumed and endogenously formed; their accumulation is accelerated under hyperglycemic and oxidative stress conditions, and they are associated with the onset and complication of many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. AGEs exert their deleterious effects by either accumulating in the circulation and tissues or by receptor-mediated signal transduction. Several receptors bind AGEs: some are specific and contribute to clearance of AGEs, whereas others, like the RAGE receptor, are nonspecific, associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, and considered to be mediators of the aforementioned AGE-related diseases. Although several anti-AGE compounds have been studied, understanding the underlying mechanisms of RAGE and targeting it as a therapeutic strategy is becoming increasingly desirable. For achieving these goals efficiently and expeditiously, the C. elegans model has been suggested. This model is already used for studying several human diseases and, by expressing RAGE, could also be used to study RAGE-related pathways and pathologies to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Pinkas
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 209, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 209, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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Lam P, Cheung F, Tan HY, Wang N, Yuen MF, Feng Y. Hepatoprotective Effects of Chinese Medicinal Herbs: A Focus on Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:465. [PMID: 27043533 PMCID: PMC4848921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is intimately connected to inflammation, which is the innate defense system of the body for removing harmful stimuli and participates in the hepatic wound-healing response. Sustained inflammation and the corresponding regenerative wound-healing response can induce the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Oxidative stress is associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways, while chronic inflammation is found associated with some human cancers. Inflammation and cancer may be connected by the effect of the inflammation-fibrosis-cancer (IFC) axis. Chinese medicinal herbs display abilities in protecting the liver compared to conventional therapies, as many herbal medicines have been shown as effective anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agents. We review the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation, the development of hepatic diseases, and the hepatoprotective effects of Chinese medicinal herbs via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms. Moreover, several Chinese medicinal herbs and composite formulae, which have been commonly used for preventing and treating hepatic diseases, including Andrographis Herba, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, Coptidis Rhizoma, curcumin, xiao-cha-hu-tang and shi-quan-da-bu-tang, were selected for reviewing their hepatoprotective effects with focus on their anti-oxidative and ant-inflammatory activities. This review aims to provide new insight into how Chinese medicinal herbs work in therapeutic strategies for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puiyan Lam
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Fan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man Fung Yuen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Queen Mary Hospital and Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Yao Y, Han K, Dong S, Zeng M, Liu Z. Antioxidant balance and accumulation of advanced glycation end products after the consumption of standard diets including Maillard reaction products from silver carp peptides. Food Funct 2016; 7:4709-4719. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative stress of diabetic mice fed on peptide MRPs with high AGE levels was aggravated, and the uptake of CML correlated with excretion but affected the accumulation in organs to a lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Kaining Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Shiyuan Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zunying Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hepatic Diseases: Therapeutic Possibilities of N-Acetylcysteine. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30269-308. [PMID: 26694382 PMCID: PMC4691167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is highly prevalent in the world. Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are the most important pathogenetic events in liver diseases, regardless the different etiology and natural course. N-acetyl-l-cysteine (the active form) (NAC) is being studied in diseases characterized by increased OS or decreased glutathione (GSH) level. NAC acts mainly on the supply of cysteine for GSH synthesis. The objective of this review is to examine experimental and clinical studies that evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of NAC in attenuating markers of inflammation and OS in hepatic damage. The results related to the supplementation of NAC in any form of administration and type of study are satisfactory in 85.5% (n = 59) of the cases evaluated (n = 69, 100%). Within this percentage, the dosage of NAC utilized in studies in vivo varied from 0.204 up to 2 g/kg/day. A standard experimental design of protection and treatment as well as the choice of the route of administration, with a broader evaluation of OS and inflammation markers in the serum or other biological matrixes, in animal models, are necessary. Clinical studies are urgently required, to have a clear view, so that, the professionals can be sure about the effectiveness and safety of NAC prescription.
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Ahmed AA, Fedail JS, Musa HH, Kamboh AA, Sifaldin AZ, Musa TH. Gum Arabic extracts protect against hepatic oxidative stress in alloxan induced diabetes in rats. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2015; 22:189-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Botham KM, Napolitano M, Bravo E. The Emerging Role of Disturbed CoQ Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development and Progression. Nutrients 2015; 7:9834-46. [PMID: 26633474 PMCID: PMC4690053 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterised by the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver, is the most common liver disorder, the causes of its development and progression to the more serious non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain incompletely understood. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a key factor in both these processes, and mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are also believed to play a part. Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a powerful antioxidant found in all cell membranes which has an essential role in mitochondrial respiration and also has anti-inflammatory properties. NAFLD has been shown to be associated with disturbances in plasma and liver CoQ concentrations, but the relationship between these changes and disease development and progression is not yet clear. Dietary supplementation with CoQ has been found to be hepatoprotective and to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation as well as improving mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that it may be beneficial in NAFLD. However, studies using animal models or patients with NAFLD have given inconclusive results. Overall, evidence is now emerging to indicate that disturbances in CoQ metabolism are involved in NAFLD development and progression to NASH, and this highlights the need for further studies with human subjects to fully clarify its role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Botham
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College St., London NW1-0TU, UK.
| | - Mariarosaria Napolitano
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Elena Bravo
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
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Khodeer DM, Zaitone SA, Farag NE, Moustafa YM. Cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone in diabetic and non-diabetic rats subjected to acute myocardial infarction involves suppression of AGE-RAGE axis and inhibition of apoptosis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:463-76. [PMID: 27119311 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance increases risk of cardiovascular diseases. This work investigated the protective effect of pioglitazone on myocardial infarction (MI) in non-diabetic and diabetic rats, focusing on its role on advanced glycated endproducts (AGEs) and cardiac apoptotic machinery. Male rats were divided into 2 experiments: experiment I and II (non-diabetic and diabetic rats) were assigned as saline, MI (isoproterenol, 85 mg/kg, daily), and MI+pioglitazone (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg). Injection of isoproterenol in diabetic rats produced greater ECG disturbances compared to non-diabetic rats. Treatment with pioglitazone (5 mg/kg) reduced the infarct size and improved some ECG findings. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) enhanced ECG findings, improved the histopathological picture and downregulated apoptosis in cardiac tissues. Whereas the higher dose of pioglitazone (20 mg/kg) did not improve most of the measured parameters but rather worsened some of them, such as proapoptotic markers. Importantly, a positive correlation was found between serum AGEs and cardiac AGE receptors (RAGEs) versus caspase 3 expression in the two experiments. Therefore, the current effect of pioglitazone was, at least in part, mediated through downregulation of AGE-RAGE axis and inhibition of apoptosis. Consequently, these data suggest that pioglitazone, at optimized doses, may have utility in protection from acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Khodeer
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Noha E Farag
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Moustafa
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
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Ottum MS, Mistry AM. Advanced glycation end-products: modifiable environmental factors profoundly mediate insulin resistance. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:1-12. [PMID: 26236094 PMCID: PMC4512899 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products are toxic by-products of metabolism and are also acquired from high-temperature processed foods. They promote oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and nucleotides. Aging and chronic diseases are strongly associated with markers for oxidative stress, especially advanced glycation end-products, and resistance to peripheral insulin-mediated glucose uptake. Modifiable environmental factors including high levels of refined and simple carbohydrate diets, hypercaloric diets and sedentary lifestyles drive endogenous formation of advanced glycation end-products via accumulation of highly reactive glycolysis intermediates and activation of the polyol/aldose reductase pathway producing high intracellular fructose. High advanced glycation end-products overwhelm innate defenses of enzymes and receptor-mediated endocytosis and promote cell damage via the pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant receptor for advanced glycation end-products. Oxidative stress disturbs cell signal transduction, especially insulin-mediated metabolic responses. Here we review emerging evidence that restriction of dietary advanced glycation end-products significantly reduces total systemic load and insulin resistance in animals and humans in diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, healthy populations and dementia. Of clinical importance, this insulin sensitizing effect is independent of physical activity, caloric intake and adiposity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S Ottum
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition Program, 318 Marshall Building, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - Anahita M Mistry
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition Program, 318 Marshall Building, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
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Choline and Cystine Deficient Diets in Animal Models with Hepatocellular Injury: Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Expression of RAGE, TNF-α, and IL-1β. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:121925. [PMID: 26137185 PMCID: PMC4468296 DOI: 10.1155/2015/121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of diets deficient in choline and/or cystine on hepatocellular injury in animal models (young male Wistar rats, aged 21 days), by monitoring some of the oxidative stress biomarkers and the expression of RAGE, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The animals were divided into 6 groups (n = 10) and submitted to different diets over 30 days: AIN-93 diet (standard, St), AIN-93 choline deficient (CD) diet and AIN-93 choline and cystine deficient (CCD) diet, in the pellet (pl) and powder (pw) diet forms. Independently of the diet form, AIN-93 diet already led to hepatic steatosis and CD/CCD diets provoked hepatic damage. The increase of lipid peroxidation, represented by the evaluation of thiobarbituric acid reactive species, associated with the decrease of levels of antioxidant enzymes, were the parameters with higher significance toward redox profile in this model of hepatic injury. Regarding inflammation, in relation to TNF-α, higher levels were evidenced in CD(pl), while, for IL-1β, no significant alteration was detected. RAGE expression was practically the same in all groups, with exception of CCD(pw) versus CCD(pl). These results together confirm that AIN-93 causes hepatic steatosis and choline and/or cysteine deficiencies produce important hepatic injury associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory profiles.
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Xu C, Liu Y, Gong Y, Duan X, Tang X, Zhang M, Pang D, Yu L, Wei H, Ouyang H. Overexpression of NPC1L1 in the livers of transgenic Bama miniature pigs accelerates lipid peroxidation. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Palimeri S, Palioura E, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Current perspectives on the health risks associated with the consumption of advanced glycation end products: recommendations for dietary management. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2015; 8:415-26. [PMID: 26366100 PMCID: PMC4562717 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s63089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) constitute a complex group of compounds produced endogenously during the aging process and under conditions of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. AGEs also have an emerging exogenous origin. Cigarette smoke and diet are the two main exogenous sources of AGEs (glycotoxins). Modern Western diets are rich in AGEs which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several metabolic and degenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence underlies the beneficial effect of the dietary restriction of AGEs not only in animal studies but also in patients with diabetic complications and metabolic diseases. This article reviews the evidence linking dietary glycotoxins to several disorders from diabetic complications and renal failure to liver dysfunction, female reproduction, eye and cognitive disorders as well as cancer. Furthermore, strategies for AGE reduction are discussed with a focus on dietary modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Palimeri
- Endocrine Unit, Medical School University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Palioura
- Endocrine Unit, Medical School University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Endocrine Unit, Medical School University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis, Endocrine Unit, Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece, Email
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Ma H, Cui F, Dong JJ, You GP, Yang XJ, Lu HD, Huang YL. Therapeutic effects of globular adiponectin in diabetic rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14950-14957. [PMID: 25356056 PMCID: PMC4209559 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the therapeutic role of globular adiponectin (gAd) in high-fat diet/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
METHODS: Seven rats were fed a basic diet (normal control group; NC) during the experiment. Experimental rats (14 rats) were given a high-fat diet for 4 wk and were then injected with STZ to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and NAFLD. Half of the T2DM/NAFLD rats were randomly injected intraperitoneally with gAd for 7 d (gAd-treated group), while the other 7 rats (T2DM/NAFLD group) received 0.9% saline. Plasma biochemical parameters and insulin concentrations were measured. Liver histopathology was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Insulin receptor expression in the liver was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, Western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis.
RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the T2DM/NAFLD group had increased levels of glucolipid and decreased levels of insulin. Plasma glucose and lipid levels were decreased in the gAd-treated group, while serum insulin levels increased. The expression of insulin receptor in the T2DM/NAFLD group increased compared with the NC group, and gAd downregulated insulin receptor expression in the livers of T2DM/NAFLD rats. Steatosis of the liver was alleviated in the gAd-treated group compared to the T2DM/NAFLD group (NAS 1.39 ± 0.51 vs 1.92 ± 0.51, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Globular adiponectin exerts beneficial effects in T2DM rats with NAFLD by promoting insulin secretion, mediating glucolipid metabolism, regulating insulin receptor expression and alleviating hepatic steatosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/administration & dosage
- Adiponectin/pharmacology
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diet, High-Fat
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Insulin/blood
- Lipids/blood
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/blood
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/genetics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Insulin/drug effects
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Streptozocin
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Cichoż-Lach H, Michalak A. Oxidative stress as a crucial factor in liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8082-8091. [PMID: 25009380 PMCID: PMC4081679 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i25.8082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 680] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox state constitutes an important background of numerous liver disorders. The redox state participates in the course of inflammatory, metabolic and proliferative liver diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are primarily produced in the mitochondria and in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes via the cytochrome P450 enzymes. Under the proper conditions, cells are equipped with special molecular strategies that control the level of oxidative stress and maintain a balance between oxidant and antioxidant particles. Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents. Hepatocytic proteins, lipids and DNA are among the cellular structures that are primarily affected by ROS and reactive nitrogen species. The process results in structural and functional abnormalities in the liver. Thus, the phenomenon of oxidative stress should be investigated for several reasons. First, it may explain the pathogenesis of various liver disorders. Moreover, monitoring oxidative markers among hepatocytes offers the potential to diagnose the degree of liver damage and ultimately to observe the response to pharmacological therapies. The present report focuses on the role of oxidative stress in selected liver diseases.
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