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Chen S, Yang G, Shi Q, Wan N, Lin R, Wang L, Hu X, Zhuang X, Yu L, Sui M. Frizzled 6 endows high-grade serous ovarian cancer with stem-like properties and chemoresistance. Mol Carcinog 2024. [PMID: 39129468 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Stem-like properties contribute to tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) exhibits a very aggressive phenotype characterized by extensive metastasis, rapid progression, and therapy resistance. Frizzled 6 (FZD6) is overexpressed in HGSOC, and higher levels of FZD6 have been associated with shorter survival times in patients with HGSOC. Functionally, FZD6 promotes HGSOC growth and peritoneal metastasis. It endues HGSOC cells with stem-like properties by modulating POU5F1, ALDH1, and EPCAM. It can also desensitize HGSOC cells to certain chemical drugs. As a putative ligand for FZD6, WNT7B is also implicated in cell proliferation, stem-like properties, invasion and migration, and chemoresistance. SMAD7 is a downstream component of FZD6 signaling that is thought to mediate FZD6-associated phenotypes, at least in part. Therefore, FZD6/WNT7B-SMAD7 can be considered a tumor-promoting signaling pathway in HGSOC that may be responsible for tumor growth, peritoneal metastasis, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qirong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ningning Wan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ruyin Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lianhua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Liying Yu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ming Sui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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2
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Al-Hawary SIS, Rodrigues P, Bangali H, Hassan ZF, Elawady A. The role of long noncoding RNA DGCR5 in cancers: Focus on molecular targets. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3949. [PMID: 38379219 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are major components of cellular transcripts that are emerging as important players in various biological pathways. Due to their specific expression and functional diversity in a variety of cancers, lncRNAs have promising applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Studies have shown that lncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) with high specificity and accuracy has the potential to become biomarkers in cancers. LncRNA DGCR5 can be noninvasively extracted from body fluids, tissues, and cells, and can be used as independent or auxiliary biomarkers to improve the accuracy of diagnosis or prognosis. Now, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs such as DGCR5 were explored as therapeutic targets, which have been investigated in clinical trials of several cancers. The DGCR5 lacks an appropriate animal model, which is necessary to gain greater knowledge of their functions. While some studies on the uses of DGCR5 have been carried out, the small sample size makes them unreliable. In this review, we presented a compilation of recent publications addressing the potential of lncRNA DGCR5 that could be considered as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, with the hopes of providing promised implications for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Rodrigues
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harun Bangali
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Elawady
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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3
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Wang Z, Liang W, Yan D, Tian H, Dong B, Zhao W, Chang G, Chen G. Identification of genes related to growth traits from transcriptome profiles of duck breast muscle tissue. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1239-1246. [PMID: 34965198 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2018333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The growth and development of duck skeletal muscle is an important economic trait that is genetically regulated. The internal mechanism underlying the regulation of skeletal muscle growth and development in ducks remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate genes related to the growth of duck skeletal muscle. RNA-sequencing technology was used to compare the transcriptome of duck breast muscles in an F2 population with the high breast muscle rate (HB) and the low breast muscle rate (LB). A total of 14,522 genes were confirmed to be expressed in the breast muscle, and 173 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the HB and LB groups. Functional analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in biological processes and pathways of fat metabolism and muscle growth, especially the FABP3 and MYL4 involved in the PPAR signaling pathway and cardiac muscle contraction pathway. These findings deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle growth in ducks and provided a theoretical basis for improving duck production and breeding of ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyue Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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4
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Wu S, Luwor RB, Zhu HJ. Dynamics of transforming growth factor β signaling and therapeutic efficacy. Growth Factors 2023; 41:82-100. [PMID: 37229558 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2215335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a multifunctional cytokine, and its signalling responses are exerted via integrated intracellular pathways and complex regulatory mechanisms. Due to its high potency, TGFβ signalling is tightly controlled under normal circumstances, while its dysregulation in cancer favours metastasis. The recognised potential of TGFβ as a therapeutic target led to emerging development of anti-TGFβ reagents with preclinical success, yet these therapeutics failed to recapitulate their efficacy in experimental settings. In this review, possible reasons for this inconsistency are discussed, addressing the knowledge gap between theoretical and actual behaviours of TGFβ signalling. Previous studies on oncogenic cells have demonstrated the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of TGFβ signalling intensity. Under feedback mechanisms and exosomal ligand recycling, cancer cells may achieve cyclic TGFβ signalling to facilitate dissemination and colonisation. This challenges the current presumption of persistently high TGFβ signalling in cancer, pointing to a new direction of research on TGFβ-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wu
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rodney Brian Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Australia
- Health, Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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5
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Zhou H, Tang D, Yu Y, Zhang L, Wang B, Karges J, Xiao H. Theranostic imaging and multimodal photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy using the mTOR signaling pathway. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5350. [PMID: 37660174 PMCID: PMC10475087 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastases are considered the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. While clinically applied drugs have demonstrated to efficiently remove the primary tumor, metastases remain poorly accessible. To overcome this limitation, herein, the development of a theranostic nanomaterial by incorporating a chromophore for imaging and a photosensitizer for treatment of metastatic tumor sites is presented. The mechanism of action reveals that the nanoparticles are able to intervene by local generation of cellular damage through photodynamic therapy as well as by systemic induction of an immune response by immunotherapy upon inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway which is of crucial importance for tumor onset, progression and metastatic spreading. The nanomaterial is able to strongly reduce the volume of the primary tumor as well as eradicates tumor metastases in a metastatic breast cancer and a multi-drug resistant patient-derived hepatocellular carcinoma models in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lingpu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany.
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China.
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6
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Maharati A, Moghbeli M. Long non-coding RNAs as the critical regulators of PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and MAPK signaling pathways during breast tumor progression. J Transl Med 2023; 21:556. [PMID: 37596669 PMCID: PMC10439650 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) as one of the most common causes of human deaths among women, is always considered one of the global health challenges. Despite various advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, a significant percentage of BC patients have a poor prognosis due to the lack of therapeutic response. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in BC progression can improve the therapeutic and diagnostic strategies in these patients. Cytokine and growth factor-dependent signaling pathways play a key role during BC progression. In addition to cytokines and growth factors, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also important roles in regulation of such signaling pathways. Therefore, in the present review we discussed the role of lncRNAs in regulation of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and TGF-β signaling pathways in breast tumor cells. It has been shown that lncRNAs mainly have an oncogenic role through the promotion of these signaling pathways in BC. This review can be an effective step in introducing the lncRNAs inhibition as a probable therapeutic strategy to reduce tumor growth by suppression of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and TGF-β signaling pathways in BC patients. In addition, considering the oncogenic role and increased levels of lncRNAs expressions in majority of the breast tumors, lncRNAs can be also considered as the reliable diagnostic markers in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Li ZY, Zhu YX, Chen JR, Chang X, Xie ZZ. The role of KLF transcription factor in the regulation of cancer progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114661. [PMID: 37068333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc finger transcription factors that have been found to play an essential role in the development of various human tissues, including epithelial, teeth, and nerves. In addition to regulating normal physiological processes, KLFs have been implicated in promoting the onset of several cancers, such as gastric cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, and colon cancer. To inhibit cancer progression, various existing medicines have been used to modulate the expression of KLFs, and anti-microRNA treatments have also emerged as a potential strategy for many cancers. Investigating the possibility of targeting KLFs in cancer therapy is urgently needed, as the roles of KLFs in cancer have not received enough attention in recent years. This review summarizes the factors that regulate KLF expression and function at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, which could aid in understanding the mechanisms of KLFs in cancer progression. We hope that this review will contribute to the development of more effective anti-cancer medicines targeting KLFs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Li
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhu
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Jian-Rui Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Xu Chang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Experimental teaching center of Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
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8
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Rosic J, Miladinov M, Dragicevic S, Eric K, Bogdanovic A, Krivokapic Z, Nikolic A. Genetic analysis and allele-specific expression of SMAD7 3'UTR variants in human colorectal cancer reveal a novel somatic variant exhibiting allelic imbalance. Gene 2023; 859:147217. [PMID: 36690223 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the impact of SMAD7 deregulation in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and the significance of single nucleotide variant (SNV)-mediated disruptions of microRNA (miRNA)-dependent regulation for cancer susceptibility, our study aimed to analyze genetic variation in the SMAD7 3' untranslated region ( 3'UTR) in CRC, measure differences in allelic mRNA expression, and evaluate its interference with miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 80 patients with different CRC stages and six human colon cancer cell lines of various histological origins. SMAD7 3'UTR was analyzed by direct sequencing, followed by the relative quantification of differential allelic expression of detected variants by allele-specific qRT-PCR. In silico tools were employed for predictions of regulatory consequences of detected variants. RESULTS A total of four different SNVs in one cell line and nine patients were found, among which were a novel somatic point variant and three already known germline variants (rs16950113, rs1050799536, and rs1043778717). All evaluated SNVs exhibited variable extents of allelic imbalance in expression. In silico analysis predicted significant effects of SNVs on miRNA binding efficiency, with each SNV disrupting existing and creating new target sites for one or more miRNAs. CONCLUSION Imbalance observed in the expression of SNV alleles altering miRNA binding suggests that all investigated SNVs are potential contributing factors impacting SMAD7 expression regulation in CRC that further studies should investigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Rosic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marko Miladinov
- Clinic for Digestive Surgery - First Surgical Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Dragicevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Eric
- Department of Patohistology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Bogdanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Digestive Surgery - First Surgical Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Krivokapic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Digestive Surgery - First Surgical Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Chen W, Wang H, Mi S, Shao L, Xu Z, Xue M. ALKBH1-mediated m 1 A demethylation of METTL3 mRNA promotes the metastasis of colorectal cancer by downregulating SMAD7 expression. Mol Oncol 2022; 17:344-364. [PMID: 36550779 PMCID: PMC9892827 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and the main cause of death from CRC is tumor metastasis. m1 A RNA modification plays critical role in many biological processes. However, the role of m1 A modification in CRC remains unclear. Here, we find that the m1 A demethylase alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase (ALKBH1) is overexpressed in CRC and is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Upregulation of ALKBH1 expression promotes CRC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, knockdown of ALKBH1 results in a decrease in methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit (METTL3) expression, probably due to m1 A modification of METTL3 mRNA, followed by m6 A demethylation of SMAD family member 7 (SMAD7) mRNA. In addition, downregulation of SMAD7 establishes an aggressive phenotype. More importantly, the cell migration and invasion defects caused by ALKBH1 depletion or METTL3 depletion are significantly reversed by SMAD7 silencing. Considering these results collectively, we propose that ALKBH1 promotes CRC metastasis by destabilizing SMAD7 through METTL3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Institute of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Institute of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Shuyi Mi
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Institute of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liming Shao
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Institute of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Institute of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Meng Xue
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Institute of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Maresca C, Di Maggio G, Stolfi C, Laudisi F, Colella M, Pacifico T, Di Grazia A, Di Fusco D, Congiu D, Guida AM, Sica G, Monteleone I, Monteleone G. Smad7 Sustains Stat3 Expression and Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14204993. [PMID: 36291778 PMCID: PMC9599800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells contain elevated levels of Stat3 and Smad7, two proteins involved in the growth and survival of neoplastic cells. This study was aimed at examining whether Smad7 positively controls the expression of Stat3 in CRC cells. By employing antisense technology, which specifically inhibits Smad7 expression in selected cells, we hereby show that the reduction of Smad7 in CRC cells is paralleled by the marked suppression of the levels of Stat3 and of Stat3-related genes. Finally, we provide evidence that in human CRC tissue samples, there is a positive correlation between Smad7 expression and Stat3 content. Overall, these findings delineate a novel positive feedback loop that sustains CRC cell behavior and suggest that Smad7 is a target for therapeutic intervention in patients with such a disease. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells contain elevated levels of active signal transducer and the activator of transcription (Stat)-3, which exerts proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects. Various molecules produced in the CRC tissue can activate Stat3, but the mechanisms that amplify such an activation are yet to be determined. In this paper, we assessed whether Smad7, an inhibitor of Transforiming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1 activity, sustains Stat3 expression/activation in CRC cells. Both Smad7 and phosphorylated (p)/activated-Stat3 were more expressed in the tumoral areas of CRC patients, compared to the normal adjacent colonic mucosa of the same patients, and were co-localized in primary CRC cells and CRC cell lines. The knockdown of Smad7 with a Smad7 antisense oligonucleotide (AS) reduced p-Stat3 in both unstimulated and interleukin (IL)-6- and IL-22-stimulated DLD-1 and HCT116 cells. Consistently, reduced levels of BCL-xL and survivin, two downstream signaling targets of Stat3 activation, were seen in Smad7 AS-treated cells. An analysis of the mechanisms underlying Smad7 AS-induced Stat3 inactivation revealed that Smad7 AS reduced Stat3 RNA and protein expression. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed the direct regulatory effect of Smad7 on the Stat3 promoter. RNA-sequencing data from the Tumor, Normal and Metastatic (TNM) plot database showed a positive correlation between Smad7 and Stat3 in 1450 CRC samples. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence supporting the theory that Smad7 positively regulates Stat3 function in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Maresca
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Maggio
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Laudisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Pacifico
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Grazia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Di Fusco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Congiu
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Sica
- Department of Surgery, University of “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-20903702; Fax: +39-06-72596158
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11
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Maslankova J, Vecurkovska I, Rabajdova M, Katuchova J, Kicka M, Gayova M, Katuch V. Regulation of transforming growth factor-β signaling as a therapeutic approach to treating colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022. [PMID: 36156927 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i33.4744.pmid:36156927;pmcid:pmc9476856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
According to data from 2020, Slovakia has long been among the top five countries with the highest incidence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide, and the rate is continuing to rise every year. In approximately 80% of CRC cases, allelic loss (loss of heterozygosity, LOH) occurs in the long arm of chromosome 18q. The most important genes that can be silenced by 18q LOH or mutations are small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 2 and SMAD4, which are intracellular mediators of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily signals. TGF-β plays an important role in the pro-oncogenic processes, including such properties as invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (commonly known as EMT), promotion of angiogenesis, and immunomodulatory effects. Several recent studies have reported that activation of TGF-β signaling is related to drug resistance in CRC. Because the mechanisms of drug resistance are different between patients in different stages of CRC, personalized treatment is more effective. Therefore, knowledge of the activation and inhibition of factors that affect the TGF-β signaling pathway is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Maslankova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Vecurkovska
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Rabajdova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Jana Katuchova
- First Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty of Safarik University, Kosice 04011, Kosicky kraj, Slovakia.
| | - Milos Kicka
- First Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty of Safarik University, Kosice 04011, Kosicky kraj, Slovakia
| | - Michala Gayova
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical Faculty at Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Katuch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty at Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
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Maslankova J, Vecurkovska I, Rabajdova M, Katuchova J, Kicka M, Gayova M, Katuch V. Regulation of transforming growth factor-β signaling as a therapeutic approach to treating colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4744-4761. [PMID: 36156927 PMCID: PMC9476856 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i33.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to data from 2020, Slovakia has long been among the top five countries with the highest incidence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide, and the rate is continuing to rise every year. In approximately 80% of CRC cases, allelic loss (loss of heterozygosity, LOH) occurs in the long arm of chromosome 18q. The most important genes that can be silenced by 18q LOH or mutations are small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 2 and SMAD4, which are intracellular mediators of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily signals. TGF-β plays an important role in the pro-oncogenic processes, including such properties as invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (commonly known as EMT), promotion of angiogenesis, and immunomodulatory effects. Several recent studies have reported that activation of TGF-β signaling is related to drug resistance in CRC. Because the mechanisms of drug resistance are different between patients in different stages of CRC, personalized treatment is more effective. Therefore, knowledge of the activation and inhibition of factors that affect the TGF-β signaling pathway is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Maslankova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Vecurkovska
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Rabajdova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Jana Katuchova
- First Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty of Safarik University, Kosice 04011, Kosicky kraj, Slovakia
| | - Milos Kicka
- First Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty of Safarik University, Kosice 04011, Kosicky kraj, Slovakia
| | - Michala Gayova
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical Faculty at Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Katuch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty at Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
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Jia G, Liang C, Li W, Dai H. MiR-410-3p facilitates Angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by targeting Smad7. Bioengineered 2021; 13:119-127. [PMID: 34951337 PMCID: PMC8805929 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2009968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators in the development of cardiovascular diseases. miR-410-3p was shown to play a protective or detrimental role in the progression in cardiovascular events. However, the exact role and the underlying mechanism of miR-410-3p in cardiac hypertrophy have not been documented. The current work was aimed to determine the role and underlying mechanism of miR-410-3p on Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced cardiac hypertrophy. FITC-phalloidin staining was used for determination of cardiomyocyte surface area. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to identify mRNA expression level of hypertrophic markers. Smad7 protein expression level was analyzed using Western blot. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the regulatory function of miR-410-3p on Smad7. MiR-410-3p was found significantly up-regulated in Ang II–induced cardiac hypertrophy. MiR-410-3p inhibitor remarkably alleviated cardiomyocyte hypertrophic changes. Dual-luciferase reporter assay result indicated that miR-410-3p directly targeted Smad7 and miR-410-3p inhibitor effectively prevented Ang II triggered down-regulation of Smad7. Moreover, Smad7 overexpression significantly reversed the pro-hypertrophic effect of miR-410-3p. In summary, our findings revealed that miR-410-3p mediated Ang II–induced cardiac hypertrophy via targeting inhibition of Smad7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhi Jia
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunguang Liang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Song X, Liao H, Wang P, Zhang Y, Che L, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Cigliano A, Ament C, Superville D, Ribback S, Reeves M, Pes GM, Liang B, Wu H, Evert M, Calvisi DF, Zeng Y, Chen X. Overexpression of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 7 Activates the Yes-Associated Protein/NOTCH Cascade and Promotes Liver Carcinogenesis in Mice and Humans. Hepatology 2021; 74:248-263. [PMID: 33368437 PMCID: PMC8222417 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 7 is an antagonist of TGF-β signaling. In the present investigation, we sought to determine the relevance of SMAD7 in liver carcinogenesis using in vitro and in vivo approaches. APPROACH AND RESULTS We found that SMAD7 is up-regulated in a subset of human HCC samples with poor prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that SMAD7 expression correlates with activated yes-associated protein (YAP)/NOTCH pathway and cholangiocellular signature genes in HCCs. These findings were substantiated in human HCC cell lines. In vivo, overexpression of Smad7 alone was unable to initiate HCC development, but it significantly accelerated c-Myc/myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1)-induced mouse HCC formation. Consistent with human HCC data, c-Myc/MCL1/Smad7 liver tumors exhibited an increased cholangiocellular gene expression along with Yap/Notch activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Intriguingly, blocking of the Notch signaling did not affect c-Myc/MCL1/Smad7-induced hepatocarcinogenesis while preventing cholangiocellular signature expression and EMT, whereas ablation of Yap abolished c-Myc/MCL1/Smad7-driven HCC formation. In mice overexpressing a myristoylated/activated form of AKT, coexpression of SMAD7 accelerated carcinogenesis and switched the phenotype from HCC to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) lesions. In human iCCA, SMAD7 expression was robustly up-regulated, especially in the most aggressive tumors, and directly correlated with the levels of YAP/NOTCH targets as well as cholangiocellular and EMT markers. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that SMAD7 contributes to liver carcinogenesis by activating the YAP/NOTCH signaling cascade and inducing a cholangiocellular and EMT signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Wang
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haotian Liao
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Cindy Ament
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daphne Superville
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melissa Reeves
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni M. Pes
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Binyong Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yong Zeng
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Expression and function of Smad7 in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1209-1220. [PMID: 34059951 PMCID: PMC8367892 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a critical role in the pathological processes of various diseases. However, the signaling mechanism of TGF-β in the pathological response remains largely unclear. In this review, we discuss advances in research of Smad7, a member of the I-Smads family and a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling, and mainly review the expression and its function in diseases. Smad7 inhibits the activation of the NF-κB and TGF-β signaling pathways and plays a pivotal role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Specifically, Smad7 can not only attenuate growth inhibition, fibrosis, apoptosis, inflammation, and inflammatory T cell differentiation, but also promotes epithelial cells migration or disease development. In this review, we aim to summarize the various biological functions of Smad7 in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancers, and kidney diseases, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of Smad7.
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16
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Involvement of Smad7 in Inflammatory Diseases of the Gut and Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083922. [PMID: 33920230 PMCID: PMC8069188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In physiological conditions, the human intestinal mucosa is massively infiltrated with various subsets of immune cells, the activity of which is tightly regulated by several counter-regulatory factors. One of these factors is transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine produced by multiple cell types and targeting virtually all the intestinal mucosal cells. Binding of TGF-β1 to its receptors triggers Smad2/3 signaling, thus culminating in the attenuation/suppression of immune–inflammatory responses. In patients with Crohn’s disease and patients with ulcerative colitis, the major human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and in mice with IBD-like colitis, there is defective TGF-β1/Smad signaling due to high levels of the intracellular inhibitor Smad7. Pharmacological inhibition of Smad7 restores TGF-β1 function, thereby reducing inflammatory pathways in patients with IBD and colitic mice. On the other hand, transgenic over-expression of Smad7 in T cells exacerbates colitis in various mouse models of IBD. Smad7 is also over-expressed in other inflammatory disorders of the gut, such as refractory celiac disease, necrotizing enterocolitis and cytomegalovirus-induced colitis, even though evidence is still scarce and mainly descriptive. Furthermore, Smad7 has been involved in colon carcinogenesis through complex and heterogeneous mechanisms, and Smad7 polymorphisms could influence cancer prognosis. In this article, we review the data about the expression and role of Smad7 in intestinal inflammation and cancer.
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Sharma B, Randhawa V, Vaiphei K, Gupta V, Dahiya D, Agnihotri N. Expression of miR-18a-5p, miR-144-3p, and miR-663b in colorectal cancer and their association with cholesterol homeostasis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 208:105822. [PMID: 33465419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Though cholesterol accumulation is an established hallmark of a tumor cell, the relationship between the two is still not clear. Previously, we identified 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR), Sterol Regulatory Element BindingTranscription Factor 2 (SREBF2), Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 (NR1H3), and Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 2 (NR1H2) as the key cholesterol homeostasis genes involved in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, we aimed to identify microRNAs regulating these key genes in CRC. METHODS miR-18a-5p, miR-144-3p, and miR-663b were selected as the miRNAs targeting NR1H2, HMGCR, and SREBF2, respectively, based on the bioinformatic prediction tools and literature review. Their expression was evaluated in the local and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves and Kaplan Meier analysis were performed to elucidate their diagnostic and prognostic potential. Pearson or Spearman's correlations were used to evaluate the relationship between miRNAs and their target genes. Protein-protein interaction networks and Gene Ontology analyses were performed to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of these miRNAs. RESULTS Deregulated expression of miR-18a-5p, miR-144-3p, and miR-663b was associated with various clinicopathological features. miR-18a-5p exhibited an inverse correlation with NR1H2. miR-18a-5p and miR-144-3p also had a significant direct correlation with miR-33a-5p, an important modulator of cholesterol homeostasis. These miRNAs also exhibited high centrality in the mirna-protein interaction network. miR-144-3p and miR-663b exhibited the potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS miR-18a-5p and miR-144-3p exhibited the potential to modulate cholesterol homeostasis in CRC. miR-663b is an interesting candidate in CRC pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Vinay Randhawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Kim Vaiphei
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Takemura M, Bowden N, Lu YS, Nakato E, O'Connor MB, Nakato H. Drosophila MOV10 regulates the termination of midgut regeneration. Genetics 2021; 218:6156853. [PMID: 33693718 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which stem cell proliferation is precisely controlled during the course of regeneration are poorly understood. Namely, how a damaged tissue senses when to terminate the regeneration process, inactivates stem cell mitotic activity, and organizes ECM integrity remain fundamental unanswered questions. The Drosophila midgut intestinal stem cell (ISC) offers an excellent model system to study the molecular basis for stem cell inactivation. Here, we show that a novel gene, CG6967 or dMOV10, is induced at the termination stage of midgut regeneration, and shows an inhibitory effect on ISC proliferation. dMOV10 encodes a putative component of the microRNA (miRNA) gene silencing complex (miRISC). Our data, along with previous studies on the mammalian MOV10, suggest that dMOV10 is not a core member of miRISC, but modulates miRISC activity as an additional component. Further analyses identified direct target mRNAs of dMOV10-containing miRISC, including Daughter against Dpp (Dad), a known inhibitor of BMP/TGF-β signaling. We show that RNAi knockdown of Dad significantly impaired ISC division during regeneration. We also identified six miRNAs that are induced at the termination stage and their potential target transcripts. One of these miRNAs, mir-1, is required for proper termination of ISC division at the end of regeneration. We propose that miRNA-mediated gene regulation contributes to the precise control of Drosophila midgut regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Takemura
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nanako Bowden
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yi-Si Lu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eriko Nakato
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael B O'Connor
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakato
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Want MY, Tsuji T, Singh PK, Thorne JL, Matsuzaki J, Karasik E, Gillard B, Cortes Gomez E, Koya RC, Lugade A, Odunsi K, Battaglia S. WHSC1/NSD2 regulates immune infiltration in prostate cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001374. [PMID: 33589522 PMCID: PMC7887377 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy in prostate cancer (PCa) lags behind the progresses obtained in other cancer types partially because of its limited immune infiltration. Tumor-resident immune cells have been detected in the prostate, but the regulatory mechanisms that govern tumor infiltration are still poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated the role of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 (WHSC1), a histone methyltransferase enzyme that targets dimethyl and trimethyl H3K36. WHSC1 is known to promote malignant growth and progression in multiple tumors, but its role in the interface between PCa and immune system is unknown. METHODS RNA Sequencing (RNASeq) data from patients with PCa from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were collected and divided into top/bottom 30% based on the expression of WHSC1 and disease-free survival was calculated. Publicly available chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIPSeq) data were obtained from Cistrome and integrated with the available RNASeq data. RNASeq, ATACSeq and methylomic were analyzed using R Bioconductor packages comparing C42 cells with or without stable knockdown on WHSC1. Flow cytometry was used to measure Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC) levels, MHC-bound ovalbumin and tumor infiltration. C57B6 and NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice were subcutaneously grafted with TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) C2 cells and treated with MCTP39 (10 mg/kg); tumor size was monitored over time and curves were compared using permutation analyses. All analyses used a significance threshold of 0.05. RESULTS Leveraging TCGA data, we demonstrated that elevated WHSC1 levels positively correlate with the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. We validated those results in vitro, demonstrating that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of WHSC1 restores antigen presentation. This occurs via an elegant epigenetic regulation of gene expression at the chromatin and DNA methylation levels. In vivo studies in immunocompetent mice also show an increased frequency of CD8+ T cells in tumors from mice treated with WHSC1 inhibitor, supporting the hypothesis that the antitumor effect following WHSC1 inhibition requires a fully functional immune system. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a novel role for WHSC1 in defining immune infiltration in PCa, with significant future implications for the use of immunotherapies in prostate malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Y Want
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Prashant K Singh
- Genomics Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - James L Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ellen Karasik
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Bryan Gillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard C Koya
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Amit Lugade
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sebastiano Battaglia
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Xu Z, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Luo W, Shi R, Yao J, Li D, Wang L, Liao B. MicroRNA-505, Suppressed by Oncogenic Long Non-coding RNA LINC01448, Acts as a Novel Suppressor of Glycolysis and Tumor Progression Through Inhibiting HK2 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:625056. [PMID: 33520999 PMCID: PMC7843961 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.625056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital regulatory roles in pancreatic cancer (PC) initiation and progression. We aimed to explore the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of miR-505-3p (miR-505) in PC. Methods: We first screened miRNA expression profiles using microarray in PC tissues and normal tissues, and then studied the function and underlying mechanism of miR-505. Moreover, we evaluated the regulatory effect of lncRNA LINC01448 on miR-505. Results: We demonstrated miR-505 that was significantly downregulated in PC tissues. We further revealed that miR-505 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, sphere formation, glucose consumption, and lactate production by targeting HK2. In addition, overexpression of miR-505 led to tumor growth inhibition in vivo, demonstrating that it acts as a tumor suppressor in PC. LINC01448 was identified as an oncogenic lncRNA that could reduce miR-505 expression. Subsequent studies confirmed that LINC01448 enhanced cell proliferation, invasion, sphere formation, glucose consumption, and lactate production by regulating the miR-505/HK2 pathway. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that miR-505, suppressed by LINC01448, could function as a key tumor suppressor by targeting HK2 in PC, elucidating an important role of the LINC01448/miR-505/HK2 pathway in regulating PC glycolysis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglei Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuliang Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weixiang Luo
- Nursing Department, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruiyue Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Defeng Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bihong Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Long non-coding RNA ARHGAP5-AS1 inhibits migration of breast cancer cell via stabilizing SMAD7 protein. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:607-619. [PMID: 34370213 PMCID: PMC8505316 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death from breast cancer patients and cell migration plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. Recent studies have shown long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in the initiation and progression of cancer. In the present study, the role of an LncRNA, Rho GTPase Activating Protein 5- Antisense 1 (ARHGAP5-AS1) in breast cancer was investigated. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed to find out dysregulated LncRNAs in MDA-MB-231-LM2 cells. Transwell migration assays and F-actin staining were utilized to estimate cell migration ability. RNA pulldown assays and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to prove the interaction between ARHGAP5-AS1 and SMAD7. Western blot and immunofluorescence imaging were used to examine the protein levels. Dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate the activation of TGF-β signaling. RESULTS We analyzed the RNA-seq data of MDA-MB-231 and its highly metastatic derivative MDA-MB-231-LM2 cell lines (referred to as LM2) and identified a novel lncRNA (NR_027263) named as ARHGAP5-AS1, which expression was significantly downregulated in LM2 cells. Further functional investigation showed ARHGAP5-AS1 could inhibit cell migration via suppression of stress fibers in breast cancer cell lines. Afterwards, SMAD7 was further identified to interact with ARHGAP5-AS1 by its PY motif and thus its ubiquitination and degradation was blocked due to reduced interaction with E3 ligase SMURF1 and SMURF2. Moreover, ARHGAP5-AS1 could inhibit TGF-β signaling pathway due to its inhibitory role on SMAD7. CONCLUSION ARHGAP5-AS1 inhibits breast cancer cell migration via stabilization of SMAD7 protein and could serve as a novel biomarker and a potential target for breast cancer in the future.
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22
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Role of TGF-Beta and Smad7 in Gut Inflammation, Fibrosis and Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010017. [PMID: 33375423 PMCID: PMC7823508 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract contains the largest population of immune cells in the body and this is a reflection of the fact that it is continuously exposed to a myriad of dietary and bacterial antigens. Although these cells produce a variety of inflammatory cytokines that could potentially promote tissue damage, in normal conditions the mucosal immune response is tightly controlled by counter-regulatory factors, which help induce and maintain gut homeostasis and tolerance. One such factor is transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, a cytokine produced by multiple lineages of leukocytes, stromal cells and epithelial cells, and virtually targets all the gut mucosal cell types. Indeed, studies in animals and humans have shown that defects in TGF-β1 production and/or signaling can lead to the development of immune-inflammatory pathologies, fibrosis and cancer in the gut. Here, we review and discuss the available evidence about the role of TGF-β1 and Smad7, an inhibitor of TGF-β1 activity, in gut inflammation, fibrosis and cancer with particular regard to the contribution of these two molecules in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer.
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Lactobacillus Attenuate the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer Promoted by Porphyromonas Gingivalis in K-rasG12D Transgenic Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123522. [PMID: 33255941 PMCID: PMC7760978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is aggressive and lethal with a five year survival rate of only 5–9%. While the exact pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer is not fully understood, oral pathogens associated with periodontitis, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), are linked to the disease. The aim of our study was to investigate the causal association between exposure to P. gingivalis and subsequent carcinogenesis, and the potential modulatory effects of probiotics. We demonstrated that oral exposure to P. gingivalis can accelerate the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mouse models. In addition, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway may be involved in the cancer-promoting effect of P. gingivalis and the suppressive effects of probiotics. Further understanding of the mechanisms of tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing effects of TGF-β signaling may have potential as a treatment for pancreatic cancer. Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that there is a link between the host microbiome and pancreatic carcinogenesis, and that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. The aim of the current study was to clarify the role of P. gingivalis in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and the potential immune modulatory effects of probiotics. The six-week-old LSL-K-rasG12D; Pdx-1-cre (KC) mice smeared P. gingivalis on the gums, causing pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) after four weeks to be similar to the extent of lesions in untreated KC mice at 24 weeks. The oral inoculation of P. gingivalis of six-week-old LSL-K-rasG12D; Pdx-1-cre (KC) mice caused significantly pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) after treatment four weeks is similar to the extent of lesions in untreated KC mice at 24 weeks. The pancreas weights of P. gingivalis plus probiotic-treated mice were significantly lower than the mice treated with P. gingivalis alone (P = 0.0028). The histological expressions of Snail-1, ZEB-1, collagen fibers, Galectin-3, and PD-L1 staining in the pancreas were also notably lower. In addition, probiotic administration reduced the histological expression of Smad3 and phosphorylated Smad3 in P. gingivalis treated KC mice. We demonstrated that oral exposure to P. gingivalis can accelerate the development of PanIN lesions. Probiotics are likely to have a beneficial effect by reducing cancer cell proliferation and viability, inhibiting PanIN progression, and cancer cell metastasis (Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, EMT). The transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway may be involved in the tumor suppressive effects of probiotics.
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Zhang K, Zhang M, Luo Z, Wen Z, Yan X. The dichotomous role of TGF-β in controlling liver cancer cell survival and proliferation. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:497-512. [PMID: 33339765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major form of primary liver cancer and one of the most prevalent and life-threatening malignancies globally. One of the hallmarks in HCC is the sustained cell survival and proliferative signals, which are determined by the balance between oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is an effective growth inhibitor of epithelial cells including hepatocytes, through induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, cellular senescence, or autophagy. The antitumorigenic effects of TGF-β are bypassed during liver tumorigenesis via multiple mechanisms. Furthermore, along with malignant progression, TGF-β switches to promote cancer cell survival and proliferation. This dichotomous nature of TGF-β is one of the barriers to therapeutic targeting in liver cancer. Thereafter, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is a prerequisite for discovering novel antitumor drugs that may specifically disable the growth-promoting branch of TGF-β signaling or restore its tumor-suppressive arm. This review summarizes how TGF-β inhibits or promotes liver cancer cell survival and proliferation, highlighting the functional switch mechanisms during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegui Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Meiping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhili Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Xiaohua Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Dai ZT, Wang J, Zhao K, Xiang Y, Li JP, Zhang HM, Peng ZT, Liao XH. Integrated TCGA and GEO analysis showed that SMAD7 is an independent prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22861. [PMID: 33126329 PMCID: PMC7598801 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective markers leads to missed optimal treatment times, resulting in poorer prognosis in most cancers. Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein (SMAD) family members are important cytokines in the transforming growth factor-beta family. They jointly regulate the processes of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the expression of SMAD family genes in pan-cancers and their impact on prognosis have not been elucidated. Perl software and R software were used to perform expression analysis and survival curve analysis on the data collected by TCGA, GTEx, and GEO, and the potential regulatory pathways were determined through gene ontology enrichment and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis. It was found that SMAD7 and SMAD9 expression decreased in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and their expression was positively correlated with survival time. Additionally, SMAD7 could be used as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. In general, SMAD7 and SMAD9 can be used as prognostic markers of LUAD. Further, SMAD7 is expected to become a therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Tong Dai
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Kai Zhao
- Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi
| | | | - Jia Peng Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Zi-Tan Peng
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
- Hebei Kingsci Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xing Hua Liao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
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He Z, Long J, Yang C, Gong B, Cheng M, Wang Q, Tang J. LncRNA DGCR5 plays a tumor-suppressive role in glioma via the miR-21/Smad7 and miR-23a/PTEN axes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20285-20307. [PMID: 33085646 PMCID: PMC7655220 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most commonly diagnosed brain malignancies with a high cancer-related death rate in humans. The prognosis of glioma patients is still unsatisfactory. In the present study, we attempted to identify lncRNAs and miRNAs that might be related to NF-κB-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioma cells based on online microarray expression profiles, and investigate the specific effects of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes on glioma cell phenotypes. Herein, we identified lncRNA DGCR5 as a downregulated lncRNA in glioma that was negatively regulated by NF-κB1 in an NF-κB1 RE-dependent manner. LncRNA DGCR5 overexpression significantly inhibited the capacity of glioma cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade, whereas promoted the apoptosis of glioma cells. Moreover, lncRNA DGCR5 overexpression upregulated the epithelial marker E-cadherin while downregulating the mesenchymal marker VIM, as well as Snai2 and TWIST. Regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms, lncRNA DGCR5 could inhibit miR-21 and miR-23a expression, and miR-21 or miR-23a overexpression significantly reversed the tumor-suppressive effects of lncRNA DGCR5 overexpression. LncRNA DGCR5 exerted its tumor-suppressive effects through the DGCR5/miR-21/Smad7 and DGCR5/miR-23a/PTEN axes. In conclusion, lncRNA DGCR5 suppresses the capacity of glioma cells to migrate and invade via miR-21/Smad7, whereas it inhibits the proliferation and enhances the apoptosis of glioma cells through miR-23a/PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongze He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Chengdu Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Meixiong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
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de Ceuninck van Capelle C, Spit M, Ten Dijke P. Current perspectives on inhibitory SMAD7 in health and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:691-715. [PMID: 33081543 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members play an extensive role in cellular communication that orchestrates both early development and adult tissue homeostasis. Aberrant TGF-β family signaling is associated with a pathological outcome in numerous diseases, and in-depth understanding of molecular and cellular processes could result in therapeutic benefit for patients. Canonical TGF-β signaling is mediated by receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), a single co-mediator SMAD (Co-SMAD), and inhibitory SMADs (I-SMADs). SMAD7, one of the I-SMADs, is an essential negative regulator of the pleiotropic TGF-β and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways. In a negative feedback loop, SMAD7 inhibits TGF-β signaling by providing competition for TGF-β type-1 receptor (TβRI), blocking phosphorylation and activation of SMAD2. Moreover, SMAD7 recruits E3 ubiquitin SMURF ligases to the type I receptor to promote ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. In addition to its role in TGF-β and BMP signaling, SMAD7 is regulated by and implicated in a variety of other signaling pathways and functions as a mediator of crosstalk. This review is focused on SMAD7, its function in TGF-β and BMP signaling, and its role as a downstream integrator and crosstalk mediator. This crucial signaling molecule is tightly regulated by various mechanisms. We provide an overview of the ways by which SMAD7 is regulated, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Finally, we discuss its role in diseases, such as cancer, fibrosis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maureen Spit
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Thakur N, Hamidi A, Song J, Itoh S, Bergh A, Heldin CH, Landström M. Smad7 Enhances TGF-β-Induced Transcription of c-Jun and HDAC6 Promoting Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101470. [PMID: 32888405 PMCID: PMC7520897 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) enhances migration and invasion of cancer cells, causing life-threatening metastasis. Smad7 expression is induced by TGF-β to control TGF-β signaling in a negative feedback manner. Here we report an additional function of Smad7, i.e., to enhance TGF-β induction of c-Jun and HDAC6 via binding to their regulatory regions, promoting migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Lysine 102 in Smad7 is crucial for binding to specific consensus sites in c-Jun and HDAC6, even when endogenous Smad2, 3, and 4 were silenced by siRNA. A correlation between the mRNA expression of Smad7 and HDAC6, Smad7 and c-Jun, and c-Jun and HDAC6 was found in public databases from analyses of prostate cancer tissues. High expression of Smad7, HDAC6, and c-Jun correlated with poor prognosis for patients with prostate cancer. The knowledge that Smad7 can activate transcription of proinvasive genes leading to prostate cancer progression provides clinically relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Thakur
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anahita Hamidi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susumu Itoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maréne Landström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Zhao X, Liu S, Yan B, Yang J, Chen E. MiR-581/SMAD7 Axis Contributes to Colorectal Cancer Metastasis: A Bioinformatic and Experimental Validation-Based Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186499. [PMID: 32899503 PMCID: PMC7555590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a well-known poor prognostic factor and primary cause of mortality in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, with the progress of high through-put sequencing, aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were found to participate in the initiation and development of cancer. However, the mechanisms of ncRNA-mediated regulation of metastasis in CRC remain largely unknown. In this study, we systematically analyzed the expression network of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes in CRC metastasis using bioinformatics, and discovered that the miR-581/SMAD7 axis could be a potential factor that drives CRC metastasis. A dual luciferase report assay and protein analysis confirmed the binding relationship between miR-581 and SMAD7. Further functional assays revealed that miR-581 inhibition could suppress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in SW480 cells. Up-regulation or down-regulation of miR-581 could both affect cell invasion capacity and modulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) via a SMAD7/TGFβ signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings elucidated that miR-581/SMAD7 could be essential for CRC metastasis, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.Z.); (S.L.); (B.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.Z.); (S.L.); (B.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Bianbian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.Z.); (S.L.); (B.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.Z.); (S.L.); (B.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Erfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.Z.); (S.L.); (B.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence:
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Potentials of miR-15/16 targeting cancer stem cell pathways: Novel implication in cancer chemotherapy. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Montazeri Z, Li X, Nyiraneza C, Ma X, Timofeeva M, Svinti V, Meng X, He Y, Bo Y, Morgan S, Castellví-Bel S, Ruiz-Ponte C, Fernández-Rozadilla C, Carracedo Á, Castells A, Bishop T, Buchanan D, Jenkins MA, Keku TO, Lindblom A, van Duijnhoven FJB, Wu A, Farrington SM, Dunlop MG, Campbell H, Theodoratou E, Zheng W, Little J. Systematic meta-analyses, field synopsis and global assessment of the evidence of genetic association studies in colorectal cancer. Gut 2020; 69:1460-1471. [PMID: 31818908 PMCID: PMC7398467 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an understanding of the role of common genetic variations in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, we report an updated field synopsis and comprehensive assessment of evidence to catalogue all genetic markers for CRC (CRCgene2). DESIGN We included 869 publications after parallel literature review and extracted data for 1063 polymorphisms in 303 different genes. Meta-analyses were performed for 308 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 158 different genes with at least three independent studies available for analysis. Scottish, Canadian and Spanish data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were incorporated for the meta-analyses of 132 SNPs. To assess and classify the credibility of the associations, we applied the Venice criteria and Bayesian False-Discovery Probability (BFDP). Genetic associations classified as 'positive' and 'less-credible positive' were further validated in three large GWAS consortia conducted in populations of European origin. RESULTS We initially identified 18 independent variants at 16 loci that were classified as 'positive' polymorphisms for their highly credible associations with CRC risk and 59 variants at 49 loci that were classified as 'less-credible positive' SNPs; 72.2% of the 'positive' SNPs were successfully replicated in three large GWASs and the ones that were not replicated were downgraded to 'less-credible' positive (reducing the 'positive' variants to 14 at 11 loci). For the remaining 231 variants, which were previously reported, our meta-analyses found no evidence to support their associations with CRC risk. CONCLUSION The CRCgene2 database provides an updated list of genetic variants related to CRC risk by using harmonised methods to assess their credibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Montazeri
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xue Li
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christine Nyiraneza
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Victoria Svinti
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yazhou He
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yacong Bo
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Morgan
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ceres Fernández-Rozadilla
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel Buchanan
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Wu
- University of Southern California, Preventative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Comprehensive germline genomic profiles of children, adolescents and young adults with solid tumors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2206. [PMID: 32371905 PMCID: PMC7200683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to adult carcinomas, there is a paucity of targeted treatments for solid tumors in children, adolescents, and young adults (C-AYA). The impact of germline genomic signatures has implications for heritability, but its impact on targeted therapies has not been fully appreciated. Performing variant-prioritization analysis on germline DNA of 1,507 C-AYA patients with solid tumors, we show 12% of these patients carrying germline pathogenic and/or likely pathogenic variants (P/LP) in known cancer-predisposing genes (KCPG). An additional 61% have germline pathogenic variants in non-KCPG genes, including PRKN, SMARCAL1, SMAD7, which we refer to as candidate genes. Despite germline variants in a broad gene spectrum, pathway analysis leads to top networks centering around p53. Our drug-target analysis shows 1/3 of patients with germline P/LP variants have at least one druggable alteration, while more than half of them are from our candidate gene group, which would otherwise go unidentified in routine clinical care. Targeted therapies for solid tumors in children, adolescents, and young adults (C-AYA) lag behind that of adult carcinomas. Here, the authors study the germline genomic signatures of 1,507 C-AYA patients with solid tumors and find pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline variants in diverse genes of which 1/3 of these alterations are druggable.
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Hu X, Xiong H, Wang W, Huang L, Mao T, Yang L, Wang C, Huang D, Wu J, Xia K, Su T. Study on the expression and function of smad family member 7 in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 112:104687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang X, Jian X, Dou J, Wei Z, Zhao F. Decreasing Microtubule Actin Cross-Linking Factor 1 Inhibits Melanoma Metastasis by Decreasing Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:663-673. [PMID: 32099463 PMCID: PMC7005719 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s229156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1) is involved in cellular migration, adhesion, and invasion processes. Its abnormal expression initiates tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in numerous cancer types. Methods In this study, we utilized short hair-pin RNA interference of MACF1 to assess the inhibitory effects on the metastatic potential of B16F10 melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo a mouse model. Results The MACF1 expression was increased in B16F10 cells-induced tumor tissues; while the down-regulation of MACF1 impacted the B16F10 melanoma cell metastatic behavior by decreasing the ability of colony formation and invasion in vitro as well as inhibiting B16F10 cells-induced tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. The results of Western blot and immunohistochemistry indicated that the expression of E-cadherin and Smad-7 was significantly increased whereas the expression of N-cadherin and TGF-β1 was significantly decreased in tumor tissue of mice challenged with the B16F10/MACF1-RNAi cells when compared with the B16F10 cells challenged mice. Conclusion The data presented in this study demonstrated that down-regulated MACF1 expression decreased B16F10 melanoma metastasis in mice by inhibiting the epithelial to mesenchymal transition program. Thus, MACF1 may be a novel target for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jian
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zicheng Wei
- Department of Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Akbari Z, Safari-Alighiarloo N, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Vahedi M, Montazer Haghighi M, Matani Borkheili M, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Zali MR. The association between SMAD7 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer susceptibility as well as clinicopathological features in the Iranian population. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2020; 13:23-30. [PMID: 32190221 PMCID: PMC7069530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to investigate the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SMAD7 and the risk of CRC among Iranian individuals. BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 18q21 as a risk locus for colorectal cancer (CRC), which maps to the SMAD7 gene. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 109 CRC cases and 109 controls in the Iranian population to evaluate the influence of two SNPs of SMAD7, rs2337106 and rs6507874, on the risk of CRC as well as on clinicopathological features. Genotype determination was performed by TaqMan assay via an ABI 7500 Real Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems) for the DNA of peripheral blood. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression model were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Genotyping of the SNPs in the SMAD7 gene revealed that the frequency of G allele of rs2337106 was 53.7% in controls and 56.4% in cases (p-value=0.564) while the frequency of C allele of rs6507874 was 55.5% in controls and 56.3% in cases (p-value=0.772). Further, there were no significant differences in genotype frequencies of these SNPs between CRC patients and controls. The SMAD7 genotypes were not associated with the risk of CRC or with any clinicopathological characteristics such as tumor site, tumor grade, and stage TNM in CRC patients (p-value>0.05), even after adjustment for sex, age, and smoking status. CONCLUSION Our results provided the first evidence that SMAD7 genotypes, rs2337106 and rs6507874, could not be predisposing markers in genetic susceptibility to CRC in an Iranian population, at least in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Akbari
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Safari-Alighiarloo
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Vahedi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Montazer Haghighi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Matani Borkheili
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gordeeva O. TGFβ Family Signaling Pathways in Pluripotent and Teratocarcinoma Stem Cells' Fate Decisions: Balancing Between Self-Renewal, Differentiation, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121500. [PMID: 31771212 PMCID: PMC6953027 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family factors induce pleiotropic effects and are involved in the regulation of most normal and pathological cellular processes. The activity of different branches of the TGFβ family signaling pathways and their interplay with other signaling pathways govern the fine regulation of the self-renewal, differentiation onset and specialization of pluripotent stem cells in various cell derivatives. TGFβ family signaling pathways play a pivotal role in balancing basic cellular processes in pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives, although disturbances in their genome integrity induce the rearrangements of signaling pathways and lead to functional impairments and malignant transformation into cancer stem cells. Therefore, the identification of critical nodes and targets in the regulatory cascades of TGFβ family factors and other signaling pathways, and analysis of the rearrangements of the signal regulatory network during stem cell state transitions and interconversions, are key issues for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of both stem cell biology and cancer initiation and progression, as well as for clinical applications. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of TGFβ family functions in naїve and primed pluripotent stem cells and discusses how these pathways are involved in perturbations in the signaling network of malignant teratocarcinoma stem cells with impaired differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gordeeva
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
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Ha Thi HT, Kim HY, Lee YJ, Kim SJ, Hong S. SMAD7 in keratinocytes promotes skin carcinogenesis by activating ATM-dependent DNA repair and an EGFR-mediated cell proliferation pathway. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:112-120. [PMID: 30219864 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SMA- and MAD-related protein 7 (SMAD7) is a general inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling that acts through interaction and degradation of TGF-β receptors. SMAD7 has been demonstrated to be transcriptionally upregulated in chemical-induced skin tumors and TGF-β-treated normal keratinocytes. To evaluate the function of SMAD7 in skin carcinogenesis in vivo, Smad7 transgenic mice that specifically express either wild-type (WT) SMAD7 (TG-Smad7-WT) or mutant SMAD7 (TG-Smad7-MT) in keratinocytes, as well as Smad7 keratinocyte-specific knockout (Smad72f/2f-K14Cre) mice, were subjected to chemical-induced skin carcinogenesis. WT-SMAD7-expressing transgenic mice showed significantly greater papilloma formation than did non-TG control and Smad7-MT mice. The expression of WT-SMAD7 attenuated DNA damage-induced apoptosis in epidermal keratinocytes by stimulating the ATM-dependent DNA repair pathway. Nonetheless, overexpression of WT-SMAD7 caused a susceptibility to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced epidermal hyperproliferation through activation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling. In agreement with the transgenic mouse data, keratinocyte-specific deletion of SMAD7 markedly suppressed the tumor formation by inhibiting ATM and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Moreover, specific inhibition of EGFR signaling attenuated the hyperproliferation and tumor formation in TG-Smad7-WT mice. Taken together, these data support a novel role for SMAD7 as a tumor promoter in skin carcinogenesis where SMAD7 stimulates the DNA repair pathway and EGFR signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Trang Ha Thi
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Youn Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Lee
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suntaek Hong
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Neckmann U, Wolowczyk C, Hall M, Almaas E, Ren J, Zhao S, Johannessen B, Skotheim RI, Bjørkøy G, Ten Dijke P, Holien T. GREM1 is associated with metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in ER-negative breast cancer patients. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:140. [PMID: 31694641 PMCID: PMC6836336 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In breast cancer, activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and elevated levels of BMP-antagonists have been linked to tumor progression and metastasis. However, the simultaneous upregulation of BMPs and their antagonist, and the fact that both promote tumor aggressiveness seems contradictory and is not fully understood. Methods We analyzed the transcriptomes of the metastatic 66cl4 and the non-metastatic 67NR cell lines of the 4T1 mouse mammary tumor model to search for factors that promote metastasis. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was used for mechanistic studies in the same cell lines. Furthermore, we analyzed gene expression patterns in human breast cancer biopsies obtained from public datasets to evaluate co-expression and possible relations to clinical outcome. Results We found that mRNA levels of the BMP-antagonist Grem1, encoding gremlin1, and the ligand Bmp4 were both significantly upregulated in cells and primary tumors of 66cl4 compared to 67NR. Depletion of gremlin1 in 66cl4 could impair metastasis to the lungs in this model. Furthermore, we found that expression of Grem1 correlated with upregulation of several stem cell markers in 66cl4 cells compared to 67NR cells. Both in the mouse model and in patients, expression of GREM1 associated with extracellular matrix organization, and formation, biosynthesis and modification of collagen. Importantly, high expression of GREM1 predicted poor prognosis in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer patients. Analyses of large patient cohorts revealed that amplification of genes encoding BMP-antagonists and elevation of the corresponding transcripts is evident in biopsies from more than half of the patients and much more frequent for the secreted BMP-antagonists than the intracellular inhibitors of SMAD signaling. Conclusion In conclusion, our results show that GREM1 is associated with metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in ER-negative breast cancer patients. Gremlin1 could represent a novel target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Neckmann
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camilla Wolowczyk
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martina Hall
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind Almaas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jiang Ren
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjarne Johannessen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørkøy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU, Gastro Center, Prinsesse Kristinas gt 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Hematology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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Rezapour S, Hosseinzadeh E, Marofi F, Hassanzadeh A. Epigenetic-based therapy for colorectal cancer: Prospect and involved mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19366-19383. [PMID: 31020647 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable variations in gene expression not encoded by the DNA sequence. According to reports, a large number of studies have been performed to characterize epigenetic modification during normal development and also in cancer. Epigenetics can be regarded more widely to contain all of the changes in expression of genes that make by adjusted interactions between the regulatory portions of DNA or messenger RNAs that lead to indirect variation in the DNA sequence. In the last decade, epigenetic modification importance in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis was demonstrated powerfully. Although developments in CRC therapy have been made in the last years, much work is required as it remains the second leading cause of cancer death. Nowadays, epigenetic programs and genetic change have pivotal roles in the CRC incidence as well as progression. While our knowledge about epigenetic mechanism in CRC is not comprehensive, selective histone modifications and resultant chromatin conformation together with DNA methylation most likely regulate CRC pathogenesis that involved genes expression. Undoubtedly, the advanced understanding of epigenetic-based gene expression regulation in the CRC is essential to make epigenetic drugs for CRC therapy. The major aim of this review is to deliver a summary of valuable results that represent evidence of principle for epigenetic-based therapeutic approaches employment in CRC with a focus on the advantages of epigenetic-based therapy in the inhibition of the CRC metastasis and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleheh Rezapour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer amongst women worldwide. The mortality rate for patients with early-stage breast cancer has been decreasing, however, the 5-year survival rate for patients with metastatic disease remains poor, currently at 27%. Here, we have reviewed the current understanding of the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in breast cancer progression, and have highlighted the discordant results that are reported in different studies. We propose that some of these contradictory outcomes may result from signaling through either the canonical or non-canonical pathways in different cell lines and tumors, or from different tumor-stromal interactions that occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lap Hing Chi
- a Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Heidelberg , Australia
- b School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - Allan D Burrows
- a Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Heidelberg , Australia
- b School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- a Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Heidelberg , Australia
- b School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
- c Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia
- d Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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Manzanarez-Ozuna E, Flores DL, Gutiérrez-López E, Cervantes D, Juárez P. Model based on GA and DNN for prediction of mRNA-Smad7 expression regulated by miRNAs in breast cancer. Theor Biol Med Model 2018; 15:24. [PMID: 30594253 PMCID: PMC6310970 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-018-0095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Smad7 protein is negative regulator of the TGF-β signaling pathway, which is upregulated in patients with breast cancer. miRNAs regulate proteins expressions by arresting or degrading the mRNAs. The purpose of this work is to identify a miRNAs profile that regulates the expression of the mRNA coding for Smad7 in breast cancer using the data from patients with breast cancer obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas Project. Methods We develop an automatic search method based on genetic algorithms to find a predictive model based on deep neural networks (DNN) which fit the set of biological data and apply the Olden algorithm to identify the relative importance of each miRNAs. Results A computational model of non-linear regression is shown, based on deep neural networks that predict the regulation given by the miRNA target transcripts mRNA coding for Smad7 protein in patients with breast cancer, with R2 of 0.99 is shown and MSE of 0.00001. In addition, the model is validated with the results in vivo and in vitro experiments reported in the literature. The set of miRNAs hsa-mir-146a, hsa-mir-93, hsa-mir-375, hsa-mir-205, hsa-mir-15a, hsa-mir-21, hsa-mir-20a, hsa-mir-503, hsa-mir-29c, hsa-mir-497, hsa-mir-107, hsa-mir-125a, hsa-mir-200c, hsa-mir-212, hsa-mir-429, hsa-mir-34a, hsa-let-7c, hsa-mir-92b, hsa-mir-33a, hsa-mir-15b, hsa-mir-224, hsa-mir-185 and hsa-mir-10b integrate a profile that critically regulates the expression of the mRNA coding for Smad7 in breast cancer. Conclusions We developed a genetic algorithm to select best features as DNN inputs (miRNAs). The genetic algorithm also builds the best DNN architecture by optimizing the parameters. Although the confirmation of the results by laboratory experiments has not occurred, the results allow suggesting that miRNAs profile could be used as biomarkers or targets in targeted therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12976-018-0095-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Manzanarez-Ozuna
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917 Colonia Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Dora-Luz Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917 Colonia Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico.
| | - Everardo Gutiérrez-López
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917 Colonia Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - David Cervantes
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917 Colonia Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Patricia Juárez
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in SMAD7 and CHI3L1 and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9853192. [PMID: 30498395 PMCID: PMC6222239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9853192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers throughout the world. It represents the third most common cancer and the fourth in mortality. Most of CRC are sporadic, arise with no known high-penetrant genetic variation and with no previous family history. The etiology of sporadic CRC is considered to be multifactorial and arises from the interaction of genetic variants of low-penetrant genes and environmental risk factors. The most common well-studied genetic variation is single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP arises as a point mutation. If the frequency of the sequence variation reaches 1% or more in the population, it is referred to as polymorphism, but if it is lower than 1%, the allele is typically considered as a mutation. Lots of SNPs have been associated with CRC development and progression, for example, genes of TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 pathways. TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a dual role in cancer development and progression. TGF-β1 mediates its actions through canonical and noncanonical pathways. The most important negative regulatory protein for TGF-β1 activity is termed SMAD7. The production of TGF-β can be controlled by another protein called YKL-40. YKL-40 is a glycoprotein with an important role in cancer initiation and metastasis. YKL-40 is encoded by the CHI3L1 gene. The aim of the present review is to give a brief introduction of CRC, SNP, and examples of some SNPs that have been documented to be associated with CRC. We also discuss two important signaling pathways TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 that influence the incidence and progression of CRC.
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Mota MSV, Jackson WP, Bailey SK, Vayalil P, Landar A, Rostas JW, Mulekar MS, Samant RS, Shevde LA. Deficiency of tumor suppressor Merlin facilitates metabolic adaptation by co-operative engagement of SMAD-Hippo signaling in breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1165-1175. [PMID: 29893810 PMCID: PMC6148973 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF2 gene encodes the tumor and metastasis suppressor protein Merlin. Merlin exerts its tumor suppressive role by inhibiting proliferation and inducing contact-growth inhibition and apoptosis. In the current investigation, we determined that loss of Merlin in breast cancer tissues is concordant with the loss of the inhibitory SMAD, SMAD7, of the TGF-β pathway. This was reflected as dysregulated activation of TGF-β signaling that co-operatively engaged with effectors of the Hippo pathway (YAP/TAZ/TEAD). As a consequence, the loss of Merlin in breast cancer resulted in a significant metabolic and bioenergetic adaptation of cells characterized by increased aerobic glycolysis and decreased oxygen consumption. Mechanistically, we determined that the co-operative activity of the Hippo and TGF-β transcription effectors caused upregulation of the long non-coding RNA Urothelial Cancer-Associated 1 (UCA1) that disengaged Merlin's check on STAT3 activity. The consequent upregulation of Hexokinase 2 (HK2) enabled a metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis. In fact, Merlin deficiency engendered cellular dependence on this metabolic adaptation, endorsing a critical role for Merlin in regulating cellular metabolism. This is the first report of Merlin functioning as a molecular restraint on cellular metabolism. Thus, breast cancer patients whose tumors demonstrate concordant loss of Merlin and SMAD7 may benefit from an approach of incorporating STAT3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus S V Mota
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - William P Jackson
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sarah K Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Praveen Vayalil
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aimee Landar
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jack W Rostas
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Madhuri S Mulekar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Biological processes and signal transduction pathways regulated by the protein methyltransferase SETD7 and their significance in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:19. [PMID: 30013796 PMCID: PMC6043541 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein methyltransferases have been shown to methylate histone and non-histone proteins, leading to regulation of several biological processes that control cell homeostasis. Over the past few years, the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD7 (SETD7; also known as SET7/9, KIAA1717, KMT7, SET7, SET9) has emerged as an important regulator of at least 30 non-histone proteins and a potential target for the treatment of several human diseases. This review discusses current knowledge of the structure and subcellular localization of SETD7, as well as its function as a histone and non-histone methyltransferase. This work also underlines the putative contribution of SETD7 to the regulation of gene expression, control of cell proliferation, differentiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which indicate that SETD7 is a candidate for novel targeted therapies with the aim of either stimulating or inhibiting its activity, depending on the cell signaling context.
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Troncone E, Marafini I, Stolfi C, Monteleone G. Transforming Growth Factor-β1/Smad7 in Intestinal Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1407. [PMID: 29973939 PMCID: PMC6019438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In physiological conditions, the activity of the intestinal immune system is tightly regulated to prevent tissue-damaging reactions directed against components of the luminal flora. Various factors contribute to maintain immune homeostasis and diminished production and/or function of such molecules trigger and/or propagate detrimental signals, which can eventually lead to chronic colitis and colon cancer. One such a molecule is transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine produced by many inflammatory and non-inflammatory cells and targeting virtually all the intestinal mucosal cell types, with the down-stream effect of activating intracellular Smad2/3 proteins and suppressing immune reactions. In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), there is defective TGF-β1/Smad signaling due to high Smad7, an inhibitor of TGF-β1 activity. Indeed, knockdown of Smad7 with a specific antisense oligonucleotide restores endogenous TGF-β1 activity, thereby inhibiting inflammatory pathways in patients with IBD and colitic mice. Consistently, mice over-expressing Smad7 in T cells develop severe intestinal inflammation in various experimental models. Smad7 expression is also upregulated in colon cancer cells, in which such a protein controls positively intracellular pathways that sustain neoplastic cell growth and survival. We here review the role of TGF-β1 and Smad7 in intestinal immunity, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Troncone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Marafini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Deregulation of Negative Controls on TGF-β1 Signaling in Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060159. [PMID: 29799477 PMCID: PMC6025439 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-functional cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has growth inhibitory and anti-inflammatory roles during homeostasis and the early stages of cancer. Aberrant TGF-β activation in the late-stages of tumorigenesis, however, promotes development of aggressive growth characteristics and metastatic spread. Given the critical importance of this growth factor in fibrotic and neoplastic disorders, the TGF-β1 network is subject to extensive, multi-level negative controls that impact receptor function, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (SMAD2/3) activation, intracellular signal bifurcation into canonical and non-canonical pathways and target gene promotor engagement. Such negative regulators include phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), protein phosphatase magnesium 1A (PPM1A), Klotho, bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7), SMAD7, Sloan-Kettering Institute proto-oncogene/ Ski related novel gene (Ski/SnoN), and bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound Inhibitor (BAMBI). The progression of certain cancers is accompanied by loss of expression, overexpression, mislocalization, mutation or deletion of several endogenous repressors of the TGF-β1 cascade, further modulating signal duration/intensity and phenotypic reprogramming. This review addresses how their aberrant regulation contributes to cellular plasticity, tumor progression/metastasis and reversal of cell cycle arrest and discusses the unexplored therapeutic value of restoring the expression and/or function of these factors as a novel approach to cancer treatment.
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Pande M, Joon A, Brewster AM, Chen WV, Hopper JL, Eng C, Shete S, Casey G, Schumacher F, Lin Y, Harrison TA, White E, Ahsan H, Andrulis IL, Whittemore AS, John EM, Ko Win A, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Kapuscinski MK, Ochs-Balcom HM, Gallinger S, Jenkins MA, Newcomb PA, Lindor NM, Peters U, Amos CI, Lynch PM. Genetic susceptibility markers for a breast-colorectal cancer phenotype: Exploratory results from genome-wide association studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196245. [PMID: 29698419 PMCID: PMC5919670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clustering of breast and colorectal cancer has been observed within some families and cannot be explained by chance or known high-risk mutations in major susceptibility genes. Potential shared genetic susceptibility between breast and colorectal cancer, not explained by high-penetrance genes, has been postulated. We hypothesized that yet undiscovered genetic variants predispose to a breast-colorectal cancer phenotype. METHODS To identify variants associated with a breast-colorectal cancer phenotype, we analyzed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from cases and controls that met the following criteria: cases (n = 985) were women with breast cancer who had one or more first- or second-degree relatives with colorectal cancer, men/women with colorectal cancer who had one or more first- or second-degree relatives with breast cancer, and women diagnosed with both breast and colorectal cancer. Controls (n = 1769), were unrelated, breast and colorectal cancer-free, and age- and sex- frequency-matched to cases. After imputation, 6,220,060 variants were analyzed using the discovery set and variants associated with the breast-colorectal cancer phenotype at P<5.0E-04 (n = 549, at 60 loci) were analyzed for replication (n = 293 cases and 2,103 controls). RESULTS Multiple correlated SNPs in intron 1 of the ROBO1 gene were suggestively associated with the breast-colorectal cancer phenotype in the discovery and replication data (most significant; rs7430339, Pdiscovery = 1.2E-04; rs7429100, Preplication = 2.8E-03). In meta-analysis of the discovery and replication data, the most significant association remained at rs7429100 (P = 1.84E-06). CONCLUSION The results of this exploratory analysis did not find clear evidence for a susceptibility locus with a pleiotropic effect on hereditary breast and colorectal cancer risk, although the suggestive association of genetic variation in the region of ROBO1, a potential tumor suppressor gene, merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Pande
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas, MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Aron Joon
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas, MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Abenaa M. Brewster
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas, MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Wei V. Chen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - John L. Hopper
- Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathy Eng
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas, MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Yi Lin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Tabitha A. Harrison
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Health System, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Esther M. John
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, United States of America
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Enes Makalic
- Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Schmidt
- Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Miroslaw K. Kapuscinski
- Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather M. Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Health System, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark A. Jenkins
- Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Polly A. Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Noralane M. Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Lynch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas, MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
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Saad El-Din S, Fouad H, Rashed LA, Mahfouz S, Hussein RE. Impact of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Vitamin D on Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:905-912. [PMID: 29693337 PMCID: PMC6031804 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.4.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling is recognized as being critical for carcinogenesis. Vitamin D has proved to exert numerous tumor suppressive effects. Effects of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on tumor progression are still controversial. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of BM-MSCs and vitamin D on TGF-β signaling in an experimental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model in rats. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on fifty female white albino rats divided equally into 5 groups: controls, HCC induced by diethyl-nitrosamine (DENA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), HCC plus MSCs, HCC plus vitamin D and HCC plus both MSCs and vitamin D. The following parameters were assessed in rat liver tissues: TGF-β and Smad2 protein levels by ELISA and western blotting, respectively, gene expression of Smad3, Smad7, Snail, HNF4α and MMP-2 and histopathological lesions. Serum levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP), ALT and albumin were also assessed. Results: TGF-β protein levels and gene expression of its downstream effectors (Smad3 and Snail), in addition to Smad2 protein levels were significantly higher in the HCC group than in the control group. On the other hand, they were significantly down-regulated in all treated groups with most significant amelioration with both MSCs and vitamin D. Also, the serum levels of AFP were significantly increased in the untreated HCC group, and this was again reversed in all treated groups. Histopathological examination of liver tissue revealed that administration of MSCs or vitamin D into HCC rat group improved the histopathological picture with residual tumor pathology, while administration of both MSCs and vitamin D showed better restoration of liver parenchyma. These data suggest that the TGF-β signaling pathway could be used as a therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Saad El-Din
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Hu Z, Qin F, Gao S, Zhen Y, Huang D, Dong L. Paeoniflorin exerts protective effect on radiation-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats via TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1012-1021. [PMID: 29636890 PMCID: PMC5883141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of paeoniflorin (PAE) on radiation-induced hepatic fibrosis in a rat model. METHODS Fifty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal control group, hepatic fibrosis group, and PAE treatment groups. X-ray exposure was employed to establish radiation-induced hepatic fibrosis model. PAE was administered once daily, and rats were sacrificed at week 26 after irradiation. The liver histopathology was evaluated under a light microscope after HE staining and Masson staining. Meanwhile, the protein expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), Smad3/4 and Smad7 was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Radiation-induced liver damage and collagen deposition were observed in the model group as compared to normal control group, but PAE treatment significantly attenuated the liver injury and reduce collagen deposition (P<0.05 or 0.01). The hepatic hydroxyproline content and serum levels of TGF-β1, hyaluronic acid, ro-collagen type III and laminin markedly increased in model group as compared to control group (P<0.01), but they decreased dramatically after PAE treatment. The expression of TGF-β1, Smad3/4 and Smad7 in the liver increased significantly in model group as compared to control group (P<0.01), and PAE could down-regulate the expression of Smad3/4 and up-regulate Smad7 expression (P<0.05 or 0.01). The activities of serum amino-transferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly higher in hepatic fibrosis group than in normal control group, but PAE treatment markedly reduced them (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PAE can inhibit the radiation induced hepatic fibrosis via regulating TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Hu
- Center of Cancer, The 105 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Clinical College of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Qin
- Department of Medical, The 81 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation ArmyNanjing 210002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shile Gao
- Center of Cancer, The 105 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Clinical College of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230032, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilan Zhen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230032, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuyi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230032, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Wei L, Zhao S, Wang G, Zhang S, Luo W, Qin Z, Bi X, Tan Y, Meng M, Qin J, Qin H, Tian D, Zhang A. SMAD7 methylation as a novel marker in atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:700-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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