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Gururani MA. Photobiotechnology for abiotic stress resilient crops: Recent advances and prospects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20158. [PMID: 37810087 PMCID: PMC10559926 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive crop failures worldwide are caused by abiotic stress. In plants, adverse environmental conditions cause extensive damage to the overall physiology and agronomic yield at various levels. Phytochromes are photosensory phosphoproteins that absorb red (R)/far red (FR) light and play critical roles in different physiological and biochemical responses to light. Considering the role of phytochrome in essential plant developmental processes, genetically manipulating its expression offers a promising approach to crop improvement. Through modulated phytochrome-mediated signalling pathways, plants can become more resistant to environmental stresses by increasing photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant activity, and expression of genes associated with stress resistance. Plant growth and development in adverse environments can be improved by understanding the roles of phytochromes in stress tolerance characteristics. A comprehensive overview of recent findings regarding the role of phytochromes in modulating abiotic stress by discussing biochemical and molecular aspects of these mechanisms of photoreceptors is offered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Anand Gururani
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Jiang L, Wang P, Jia H, Wu T, Yuan S, Jiang B, Sun S, Zhang Y, Wang L, Han T. Haplotype Analysis of GmSGF14 Gene Family Reveals Its Roles in Photoperiodic Flowering and Regional Adaptation of Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119436. [PMID: 37298387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity are fundamental traits that determine soybean adaptation to a given region or a wide range of geographic environments. The General Regulatory Factors (GRFs), also known as 14-3-3 family, are involved in protein-protein interactions in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, thus regulating ubiquitous biological processes, such as photoperiodic flowering, plant immunity and stress response. In this study, 20 soybean GmSGF14 genes were identified and divided into two categories according to phylogenetic relationships and structural characteristics. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that GmSGF14g, GmSGF14i, GmSGF14j, GmSGF14k, GmSGF14m and GmSGF14s were highly expressed in all tissues compared to other GmSGF14 genes. In addition, we found that the transcript levels of GmSGF14 family genes in leaves varied significantly under different photoperiodic conditions, indicating that their expression responds to photoperiod. To explore the role of GmSGF14 in the regulation of soybean flowering, the geographical distribution of major haplotypes and their association with flowering time in six environments among 207 soybean germplasms were studied. Haplotype analysis confirmed that the GmSGF14mH4 harboring a frameshift mutation in the 14-3-3 domain was associated with later flowering. Geographical distribution analysis demonstrated that the haplotypes related to early flowering were frequently found in high-latitude regions, while the haplotypes associated with late flowering were mostly distributed in low-latitude regions of China. Taken together, our results reveal that the GmSGF14 family genes play essential roles in photoperiodic flowering and geographical adaptation of soybean, providing theoretical support for further exploring the function of specific genes in this family and varietal improvement for wide adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163316, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peiguo Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongchang Jia
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Heihe Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heihe 164399, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shan Yuan
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bingjun Jiang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shi Sun
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163316, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianfu Han
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163316, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
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Song P, Yang Z, Guo C, Han R, Wang H, Dong J, Kang D, Guo Y, Yang S, Li J. 14-3-3 proteins regulate photomorphogenesis by facilitating light-induced degradation of PIF3. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:140-159. [PMID: 36110045 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3s are highly conserved phosphopeptide-binding proteins that play important roles in various developmental and signaling pathways in plants. However, although protein phosphorylation has been proven to be a key mechanism for regulating many pivotal components of the light signaling pathway, the role of 14-3-3 proteins in photomorphogenesis remains largely obscure. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3) is an extensively studied transcription factor repressing photomorphogenesis, and it is well-established that upon red (R) light exposure, photo-activated phytochrome B (phyB) interacts with PIF3 and induces its rapid phosphorylation and degradation. PHOTOREGULATORY PROTEIN KINASES (PPKs), a family of nuclear protein kinases, interact with phyB and PIF3 in R light and mediate multisite phosphorylation of PIF3 in vivo. Here, we report that two members of the 14-3-3 protein family, 14-3-3λ and κ, bind to a serine residue in the bHLH domain of PIF3 that can be phosphorylated by PPKs, and act as key positive regulators of R light-induced photomorphogenesis. Moreover, 14-3-3λ and κ preferentially interact with photo-activated phyB and promote the phyB-PIF3-PPK complex formation, thereby facilitating phyB-induced phosphorylation and degradation of PIF3 upon R light exposure. Together, our data demonstrate that 14-3-3λ and κ work in close concert with the phyB-PIF3 module to regulate light signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zidan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Can Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huaichang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dingming Kang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Chen CY, Chang CH, Wu CH, Tu YT, Wu K. Arabidopsis cyclin-dependent kinase C2 interacts with HDA15 and is involved in far-red light-mediated hypocotyl cell elongation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1462-1472. [PMID: 36367383 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDAs) regulate many aspects of plant development and responses to environmental changes. Previous studies have demonstrated that the Arabidopsis histone deacetylase HDA15 is a positive regulator in far-red (FR) light-mediated inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. Furthermore, HDA15 can be phosphorylated and its enzymatic activity is negatively regulated by phosphorylation. However, the kinases that can phosphorylate HDA15 are still unknown. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a large family of serine/threonine protein kinases and have been identified as major regulators of the cell cycle and transcription. In this study, we show that the cyclin-dependent kinase CDKC2 interacts with HDA15 both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro kinase assays show that CDKC2 phosphorylates HDA15. Genetic evidence suggests that HDA15 acts downstream of CDKC2 in hypocotyl elongation under FR light. Furthermore, HDA15 and CDKC2 function synergistically in the regulation of FR-mediated cell elongation. The expression of cell wall organization- and auxin signaling-related genes under FR light is increased in hda15 and cdkc2/hda15 mutants. Taken together, our study indicates that CDKC2 can phosphorylate HDA15 and plays an important role in FR light-regulated hypocotyl elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yang Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Chang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Wu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsung Tu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Keqiang Wu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Identification of the 14-3-3 Gene Family in Bamboo and Characterization of Pe14-3-3b Reveals Its Potential Role in Promoting Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911221. [PMID: 36232520 PMCID: PMC9569445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein family plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development. The genes of the 14-3-3 family have been reported in multiple species. However, little is known about the 14-3-3 gene family in bamboo. In this study, a total of 58 genes belonging to the 14-3-3 family were identified in three representative bamboo species, i.e., Olyra latifolia, Phyllostachys edulis, and Bonia amplexicaulis, whose encoding proteins were grouped into ε and non-ε groups by phylogeny analysis with 14-3-3 proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. The 14-3-3s had diverse gene structures and motif characteristics among the three bamboo species. Collinearity analysis suggested that the genes of the 14-3-3 family in bamboo had undergone a strong purification selection during evolution. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed the expression of Pe14-3-3s varied in different tissues of P. edulis, suggesting that they had functional diversity during growth and development. Co-expression analysis showed that four Pe14-3-3s co-expressed positively with eight ribosomal genes. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays showed that Pe14-3-3b/d could interact with Pe_ribosome-1/5/6, and qPCR results demonstrated that Pe14-3-3b/d and Pe_ribosome-1/5/6 had similar expression trends with the increase in shoot height, which further confirmed that they would work together to participate in the shoot growth and development of bamboo. Additionally, the transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing Pe14-3-3b had longer roots, a larger stem diameter, an earlier bolting time and a faster growth rate than wild-type Arabidopsis, indicating that Pe14-3-3b acted as a growth promoter. Our results provide comprehensive information on 14-3-3 genes in bamboo and highlight Pe14-3-3b as a potential target for bamboo improvement.
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Yao H, Li X, Peng L, Hua X, Zhang Q, Li K, Huang Y, Ji H, Wu X, Chen Y, Yang Y, Wang J. Binding of 14-3-3κ to ADF4 is involved in the regulation of hypocotyl growth and response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 320:111261. [PMID: 35643603 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins, a family of conserved molecules in eukaryotes, target a number of protein clients through their ability to recognize well-defined phosphorylated motifs. ADF4, as one of Actin-Depolymerizing Factor (ADF) family of proteins, is involved in plant development, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we show that 14-3-3κ specially interacted with ADF4 in vitro and in vivo. The 14-3-3κ×adf4 double mutant displayed less F-actin bundle and shorter hypocotyl compared with adf4 mutant, indicating that 14-3-3κ acts upstream of ADF4 to mediate the hypocotyl growth in the dark-grown seedlings. Under the osmotic stress, 14-3-3κ mutants displayed less survival rate than wild-type plants. The adf4 mutants exhibited markedly enhanced survival rate under osmotic treatment, while ADF4-overexpressing plants displayed the opposite results, indicating that ADF4 plays a negative role in response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis. The interaction between ADF4 and 14-3-3κ inhibited the association of ADF4 with actin filament. Moreover, the in vitro phosphorylation assay demonstrates that the phosphorylation of ADF4 by CASEIN KINASE1-LIKE PROTEIN2 (CKL2) was enhanced by binding 14-3-3κ. Collectively, our data infer a fundamental role for the interaction between 14-3-3κ and ADF4 in regulating hypocotyl growth and osmotic tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xinyue Hua
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kexuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yaling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Huang Y, Wang W, Yu H, Peng J, Hu Z, Chen L. The role of 14-3-3 proteins in plant growth and response to abiotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:833-852. [PMID: 34773487 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins widely exist in almost all plant species. They specifically recognize and interact with phosphorylated target proteins, including protein kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors and functional proteins, offering an array of opportunities for 14-3-3s to participate in the signal transduction processes. 14-3-3s are multigene families and can form homo- and heterodimers, which confer functional specificity of 14-3-3 proteins. They are widely involved in regulating biochemical and cellular processes and plant growth and development, including cell elongation and division, seed germination, vegetative and reproductive growth, and seed dormancy. They mediate plant response to environmental stresses such as salt, alkaline, osmotic, drought, cold and other abiotic stresses, partially via hormone-related signalling pathways. Although many studies have reviewed the function of 14-3-3 proteins, recent research on plant 14-3-3s has achieved significant advances. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental properties of 14-3-3 proteins and systematically summarize and dissect the emerging advances in understanding the roles of 14-3-3s in plant growth and development and abiotic stress responses. Some ambiguous questions about the roles of 14-3-3s under environmental stresses are reviewed. Interesting questions related to plant 14-3-3 functions that remain to be elucidated are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenshu Wang
- Institute of Crop Science of Wuhan Academy of Agriculture Science, Wuhan, 430345, China
| | - Hua Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junhua Peng
- Huazhi Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhengrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Zuo X, Wang S, Xiang W, Yang H, Tahir MM, Zheng S, An N, Han M, Zhao C, Zhang D. Genome-wide identification of the 14-3-3 gene family and its participation in floral transition by interacting with TFL1/FT in apple. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:41. [PMID: 33419402 PMCID: PMC7796649 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a popular cultivated fruit crop with high economic value in China. Apple floral transition is an important process but liable to be affected by various environmental factors. The 14-3-3 proteins are involved in regulating diverse biological processes in plants, and some 14-3-3 members play vital roles in flowering. However, little information was available about the 14-3-3 members in apple. RESULTS In the current study, we identified eighteen 14-3-3 gene family members from the apple genome database, designated MdGF14a to MdGF14r. The isoforms possess a conserved core region comprising nine antiparallel α-helices and divergent N and C termini. According to their structural and phylogenetic features, Md14-3-3 proteins could be classified into two major evolutionary branches, the epsilon (ɛ) group and the non-epsilon (non-ɛ) group. Moreover, expression profiles derived from transcriptome data and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis showed diverse expression patterns of Md14-3-3 genes in various tissues and in response to different sugars and hormone treatments during the floral transition phase. Four Md14-3-3 isoforms (MdGF14a, MdGF14d, MdGF14i, and MdGF14j) exhibiting prominent transcriptional responses to sugars and hormones were selected for further investigation. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments showed that the four Md14-3-3 proteins interact with key floral integrators, MdTFL1 (TERMINAL FLOWER1) and MdFT (FLOWERING LOCUS T). Subcellular localization of four selected Md14-3-3 proteins demonstrated their localization in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. CONCLUSION We identified the Md14-3-3 s family in apple comprehensively. Certain Md14-3-3 genes are expressed predominantly during the apple floral transition stage, and may participate in the regulation of flowering through association with flower control genes. Our results provide a preliminary framework for further investigation into the roles of Md14-3-3 s in floral transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Zuo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wen Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Huiru Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | | | - Shangong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Na An
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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García-Roger EM, Lubzens E, Fontaneto D, Serra M. Facing Adversity: Dormant Embryos in Rotifers. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2019; 237:119-144. [PMID: 31714860 DOI: 10.1086/705701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth look at the basic aspects of dormancy in cyclic parthenogenetic organisms is now possible thanks to research efforts conducted over the past two decades with rotifer dormant embryos. In this review, we assemble and compose the current knowledge on four central themes: (1) distribution of dormancy in animals, with an overview on the phylogenetic distribution of embryo dormancy in metazoans, and (2) physiological and cellular processes involved in dormancy, with a strong emphasis on the dormant embryos of cyclically parthenogenetic monogonont rotifers; and discussions of (3) the selective pressures and (4) the evolutionary and population implications of dormancy in these animals. Dormancy in metazoans is a widespread phenomenon with taxon-specific features, and rotifers are among the animals in which dormancy is an intrinsic feature of their life cycle. Our review shows that embryo dormancy in rotifers shares common functional pathways with other taxa at the molecular and cellular level, despite the independent evolution of dormancy across phyla. These pathways include the arrest of similar metabolic routes and the usage of common metabolites for the stabilization of cellular structures and to confer stress resistance. We conclude that specific features of recurrent harsh environmental conditions are a powerful selective pressure for the fine-tuning of dormancy patterns in rotifers. We hypothesize that similar mechanisms at the organism level will lead to similar adaptive consequences at the population level across taxa, among which the formation of egg banks, the coexistence of species, and the possibility of differentiation among populations and local adaptation stand out. Our review shows how studies of rotifers have contributed to improved knowledge of all of these aspects.
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Harkey AF, Yoon GM, Seo DH, DeLong A, Muday GK. Light Modulates Ethylene Synthesis, Signaling, and Downstream Transcriptional Networks to Control Plant Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1094. [PMID: 31572414 PMCID: PMC6751313 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by ethylene in dark-grown seedlings was the basis of elegant screens that identified ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis mutants, which remained tall even when treated with high concentrations of ethylene. This simple approach proved invaluable for identification and molecular characterization of major players in the ethylene signaling and response pathway, including receptors and downstream signaling proteins, as well as transcription factors that mediate the extensive transcriptional remodeling observed in response to elevated ethylene. However, the dark-adapted early developmental stage used in these experiments represents only a small segment of a plant's life cycle. After a seedling's emergence from the soil, light signaling pathways elicit a switch in developmental programming and the hormonal circuitry that controls it. Accordingly, ethylene levels and responses diverge under these different environmental conditions. In this review, we compare and contrast ethylene synthesis, perception, and response in light and dark contexts, including the molecular mechanisms linking light responses to ethylene biology. One powerful method to identify similarities and differences in these important regulatory processes is through comparison of transcriptomic datasets resulting from manipulation of ethylene levels or signaling under varying light conditions. We performed a meta-analysis of multiple transcriptomic datasets to uncover transcriptional responses to ethylene that are both light-dependent and light-independent. We identified a core set of 139 transcripts with robust and consistent responses to elevated ethylene across three root-specific datasets. This "gold standard" group of ethylene-regulated transcripts includes mRNAs encoding numerous proteins that function in ethylene signaling and synthesis, but also reveals a number of previously uncharacterized gene products that may contribute to ethylene response phenotypes. Understanding these light-dependent differences in ethylene signaling and synthesis will provide greater insight into the roles of ethylene in growth and development across the entire plant life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria F. Harkey
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Gyeong Mee Yoon
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dong Hye Seo
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Alison DeLong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Gloria K. Muday
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Gloria K. Muday,
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Hloušková P, Černý M, Kořínková N, Luklová M, Minguet EG, Brzobohatý B, Galuszka P, Bergougnoux V. Affinity chromatography revealed 14-3-3 interactome of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) during blue light-induced de-etiolation. J Proteomics 2018; 193:44-61. [PMID: 30583044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
De-etiolation is the first developmental process under light control allowing the heterotrophic seedling to become autotrophic. The phytohormones cytokinins (CKs) largely contribute to this process. Reversible phosphorylation is a key event of cell signaling, allowing proteins to become active or generating a binding site for specific protein interaction. 14-3-3 proteins regulate a variety of plant responses. The expression, hormonal regulation, and proteomic network under the control of 14-3-3s were addressed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) during blue light-induced photomorphogenesis. Two isoforms were specifically investigated due to their high expression during tomato de-etiolation. The multidisciplinary approach demonstrated that TFT9 expression, but not TFT6, was regulated by CKs and identified cis-regulating elements required for this response. Our study revealed >130 potential TFT6/9 interactors. Their functional annotation predicted that TFTs might regulate the activity of proteins involved notably in cell wall strengthening or primary metabolism. Several potential interactors were also predicted to be CK-responsive. For the first time, the 14-3-3 interactome linked to de-etiolation was investigated and evidenced that 14-3-3s might be involved in CK signaling pathway, cell expansion inhibition and steady-state growth rate establishment, and reprograming from heterotrophy to autotrophy. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetables consumed all around the world and represents probably the most preferred garden crop. Regulation of hypocotyl growth by light plays an important role in the early development of a seedling, and consequently the homogeneity of the culture. The present study focuses on the importance of tomato 14-3-3/TFT proteins in this process. We provide here the first report of 14-3-3 interactome in the regulation of light-induced de-etiolation and subsequent photomorphogenesis. Our data provide new insights into light-induced de-etiolation and open new horizons for dissecting the post-transcriptional regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hloušková
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Martin Černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Nikola Kořínková
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Markéta Luklová
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Eugenio Gómez Minguet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Galuszka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Véronique Bergougnoux
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czechia.
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12
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Huang X, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Yang C, Wang Q, Li L. Shade-induced nuclear localization of PIF7 is regulated by phosphorylation and 14-3-3 proteins in Arabidopsis. eLife 2018; 7:31636. [PMID: 29926790 PMCID: PMC6037483 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Shade avoidance syndrome enables shaded plants to grow and compete effectively against their neighbors. In Arabidopsis, the shade-induced de-phosphorylation of the transcription factor PIF7 (PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 7) is the key event linking light perception to stem elongation. However, the mechanism through which phosphorylation regulates the activity of PIF7 is unclear. Here, we show that shade light induces the de-phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of PIF7. Phosphorylation-resistant site mutations in PIF7 result in increased nuclear localization and shade-induced gene expression, and consequently augment hypocotyl elongation. PIF7 interacts with 14-3-3 proteins. Blocking the interaction between PIF7 and 14-3-3 proteins or reducing the expression of 14-3-3 proteins accelerates shade-induced nuclear localization and de-phosphorylation of PIF7, and enhances the shade phenotype. By contrast, the 14-3-3 overexpressing line displays an attenuated shade phenotype. These studies demonstrate a phosphorylation-dependent translocation of PIF7 when plants are in shade and a novel mechanism involving 14-3-3 proteins, mediated by the retention of PIF7 in the cytoplasm that suppresses the shade response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Huang X, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Yang C, Wang Q, Li L. Shade-induced nuclear localization of PIF7 is regulated by phosphorylation and 14-3-3 proteins in Arabidopsis. eLife 2018; 7:31636. [PMID: 29926790 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31636.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Shade avoidance syndrome enables shaded plants to grow and compete effectively against their neighbors. In Arabidopsis, the shade-induced de-phosphorylation of the transcription factor PIF7 (PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 7) is the key event linking light perception to stem elongation. However, the mechanism through which phosphorylation regulates the activity of PIF7 is unclear. Here, we show that shade light induces the de-phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of PIF7. Phosphorylation-resistant site mutations in PIF7 result in increased nuclear localization and shade-induced gene expression, and consequently augment hypocotyl elongation. PIF7 interacts with 14-3-3 proteins. Blocking the interaction between PIF7 and 14-3-3 proteins or reducing the expression of 14-3-3 proteins accelerates shade-induced nuclear localization and de-phosphorylation of PIF7, and enhances the shade phenotype. By contrast, the 14-3-3 overexpressing line displays an attenuated shade phenotype. These studies demonstrate a phosphorylation-dependent translocation of PIF7 when plants are in shade and a novel mechanism involving 14-3-3 proteins, mediated by the retention of PIF7 in the cytoplasm that suppresses the shade response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Ziv T, Chalifa-Caspi V, Denekamp N, Plaschkes I, Kierszniowska S, Blais I, Admon A, Lubzens E. Dormancy in Embryos: Insight from Hydrated Encysted Embryos of an Aquatic Invertebrate. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1746-1769. [PMID: 28729386 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous aquatic invertebrates remain dormant for decades in a hydrated state as encysted embryos. In search for functional pathways associated with this form of dormancy, we used label-free quantitative proteomics to compare the proteomes of hydrated encysted dormant embryos (resting eggs; RE) with nondormant embryos (amictic eggs; AM) of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilisA total of 2631 proteins were identified in rotifer eggs. About 62% proteins showed higher abundance in AM relative to RE (Fold Change>3; p = 0.05). Proteins belonging to numerous putative functional pathways showed dramatic changes during dormancy. Most striking were changes in the mitochondria indicating an impeded metabolism. A comparison between the abundance of proteins and their corresponding transcript levels, revealed higher concordance for RE than for AM. Surprisingly, numerous highly abundant dormancy related proteins show corresponding high mRNA levels in metabolically inactive RE. As these mRNAs and proteins degrade at the time of exit from dormancy they may serve as a source of nucleotides and amino acids during the exit from dormancy. Because proteome analyses point to a similarity in functional pathways of hydrated RE and desiccated life forms, REs were dried. Similar hatching and reproductive rates were found for wet and dried REs, suggesting analogous pathways for long-term survival in wet or dry forms. Analysis by KEGG pathways revealed a few general strategies for dormancy, proposing an explanation for the low transcriptional similarity among dormancies across species, despite the resemblance in physiological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Ziv
- From the ‡Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vered Chalifa-Caspi
- §National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Denekamp
- ¶Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbar Plaschkes
- §National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Idit Blais
- **Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and IVF, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- From the ‡Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Esther Lubzens
- From the ‡Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel;
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15
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Hong JP, Adams E, Yanagawa Y, Matsui M, Shin R. AtSKIP18 and AtSKIP31, F-box subunits of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, mediate the degradation of 14-3-3 proteins in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:174-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Ermert AL, Mailliet K, Hughes J. Holophytochrome-Interacting Proteins in Physcomitrella: Putative Actors in Phytochrome Cytoplasmic Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:613. [PMID: 27242820 PMCID: PMC4867686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytochromes are the principle photoreceptors in light-regulated plant development, primarily acting via translocation of the light-activated photoreceptor into the nucleus and subsequent gene regulation. However, several independent lines of evidence indicate unambiguously that an additional cytoplasmic signaling mechanism must exist. Directional responses in filament tip cells of the moss Physcomitrella patens are steered by phy4 which has been shown to interact physically with the blue light receptor phototropin at the plasma membrane. This complex might perceive and transduce vectorial information leading to cytoskeleton reorganization and finally a directional growth response. We developed yeast two-hybrid procedures using photochemically functional, full-length phy4 as bait in Physcomitrella cDNA library screens and growth assays under different light conditions, revealing Pfr-dependent interactions possibly associated with phytochrome cytoplasmic signaling. Candidate proteins were then expressed in planta with fluorescent protein tags to determine their intracellular localization in darkness and red light. Of 14 candidates, 12 were confirmed to interact with phy4 in planta using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. We also used database information to study their expression patterns relative to those of phy4. We discuss the likely functional characteristics of these holophytochrome-interacting proteins (HIP's) and their possible roles in signaling.
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17
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Sun X, Sun M, Jia B, Chen C, Qin Z, Yang K, Shen Y, Meiping Z, Mingyang C, Zhu Y. A 14-3-3 Family Protein from Wild Soybean (Glycine Soja) Regulates ABA Sensitivity in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146163. [PMID: 26717241 PMCID: PMC4696740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the 14-3-3 family proteins are key regulators of multiple stress signal transduction cascades. By conducting genome-wide analysis, researchers have identified the soybean 14-3-3 family proteins; however, until now, there is still no direct genetic evidence showing the involvement of soybean 14-3-3s in ABA responses. Hence, in this study, based on the latest Glycine max genome on Phytozome v10.3, we initially analyzed the evolutionary relationship, genome organization, gene structure and duplication, and three-dimensional structure of soybean 14-3-3 family proteins systematically. Our results suggested that soybean 14-3-3 family was highly evolutionary conserved and possessed segmental duplication in evolution. Then, based on our previous functional characterization of a Glycine soja 14-3-3 protein GsGF14o in drought stress responses, we further investigated the expression characteristics of GsGF14o in detail, and demonstrated its positive roles in ABA sensitivity. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses in Glycine soja seedlings and GUS activity assays in PGsGF14O:GUS transgenic Arabidopsis showed that GsGF14o expression was moderately and rapidly induced by ABA treatment. As expected, GsGF14o overexpression in Arabidopsis augmented the ABA inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth, promoted the ABA induced stomata closure, and up-regulated the expression levels of ABA induced genes. Moreover, through yeast two hybrid analyses, we further demonstrated that GsGF14o physically interacted with the AREB/ABF transcription factors in yeast cells. Taken together, results presented in this study strongly suggested that GsGF14o played an important role in regulation of ABA sensitivity in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Sun
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhe Sun
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Bowei Jia
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Qin
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Kejun Yang
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Meiping
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Cong Mingyang
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
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