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Baczewska I, Hawrylak-Nowak B, Ozimek E, Sęczyk Ł, Dresler S. Enhanced accumulation of biologically active compounds in lichens with potential functional food applications. Food Chem 2024; 458:140286. [PMID: 38968714 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Lichens have great potential as food, functional food additives or flavourings. The presence of specific substances with multiple biological activities is one of the characteristics of lichens. However, research on lichens as a food source or functional food additive is limited. The present study simulated, for the first time, the potential bioaccessibility of active compounds from 6 lichen species in simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. An in vitro digestion showed that the lichen substances had different bioaccessibility and stability during digestion. It was found that the application of some metabolic modulators significantly altered the accumulation of metabolites in most species. In addition, the study demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of the tested extracts as well as of 14 isolated lichen metabolites. These multi-directional studies demonstrate the potential of lichens in terms of their use as antimicrobial functional food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Baczewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - B Hawrylak-Nowak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-95 Lublin, Poland
| | - E Ozimek
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ł Sęczyk
- Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - S Dresler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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Daminova AG, Leksin IY, Khabibrakhmanova VR, Gurjanov OP, Galeeva EI, Trifonova TV, Khamatgalimov AR, Beckett RP, Minibayeva FV. The Roles of the Anthraquinone Parietin in the Tolerance to Desiccation of the Lichen Xanthoria parietina: Physiology and Anatomy of the Pale and Bright-Orange Thalli. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7067. [PMID: 39000176 PMCID: PMC11240919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms that effectively survive in harsh environments, including arid regions. Maintaining viability with an almost complete loss of water and the rapid restoration of metabolism during rehydration distinguishes lichens from most eukaryotic organisms. The lichen Xanthoria parietina is known to have high stress tolerance, possessing diverse defense mechanisms, including the presence of the bright-orange pigment parietin. While several studies have demonstrated the photoprotective and antioxidant properties of this anthraquinone, the role of parietin in the tolerance of lichens to desiccation is not clear yet. Thalli, which are exposed to solar radiation and become bright orange, may require enhanced desiccation tolerance. Here, we showed differences in the anatomy of naturally pale and bright-orange thalli of X. parietina and visualized parietin crystals on the surface of the upper cortex. Parietin was extracted from bright-orange thalli by acetone rinsing and quantified using HPLC. Although acetone rinsing did not affect PSII activity, thalli without parietin had higher levels of lipid peroxidation and a lower membrane stability index in response to desiccation. Furthermore, highly pigmented thalli possess thicker cell walls and, according to thermogravimetric analysis, higher water-holding capacities than pale thalli. Thus, parietin may play a role in desiccation tolerance by stabilizing mycobiont membranes, providing an antioxidative defense, and changing the morphology of the upper cortex of X. parietina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina G. Daminova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (A.G.D.); (I.Y.L.); (V.R.K.); (O.P.G.); (E.I.G.); (T.V.T.)
| | - Ilya Y. Leksin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (A.G.D.); (I.Y.L.); (V.R.K.); (O.P.G.); (E.I.G.); (T.V.T.)
| | - Venera R. Khabibrakhmanova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (A.G.D.); (I.Y.L.); (V.R.K.); (O.P.G.); (E.I.G.); (T.V.T.)
| | - Oleg P. Gurjanov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (A.G.D.); (I.Y.L.); (V.R.K.); (O.P.G.); (E.I.G.); (T.V.T.)
| | - Ekaterina I. Galeeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (A.G.D.); (I.Y.L.); (V.R.K.); (O.P.G.); (E.I.G.); (T.V.T.)
| | - Tatyana V. Trifonova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (A.G.D.); (I.Y.L.); (V.R.K.); (O.P.G.); (E.I.G.); (T.V.T.)
| | - Ayrat R. Khamatgalimov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420088 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Richard P. Beckett
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PBag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
- “Biomarker” Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Farida V. Minibayeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (A.G.D.); (I.Y.L.); (V.R.K.); (O.P.G.); (E.I.G.); (T.V.T.)
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Bauri AK, Dionicio IC, Arellano ES, Jeyaraj JG, Foro S, Carcache de Blanco EJ. A New Rare Halogenated Depside from Lichen and Study of its Anti-Proliferative Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301874. [PMID: 38488665 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Lichens are a symbiotic association of algae and fungus, belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. Some lichen species are edible and used as an active ingredient for preparation of exotic spices as well as folklore medicine to cure different kinds of ailments. A specimen of lichen was collected from Munner in the Kerala State of South India for chemical profiling. Chemical analyses of the diethyl ether extract of the defatted lichen led to the isolation of six phenols 1-6 with variation of relative abundance. Amongst them, the relative abundance of compound 3 was the greatest (1 % of crude extract) and it was identified as atranorin. The structures of known compounds were confirmed by comparison of their 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, and mass data with published values available in the literature. In vitro bioassay for anti-proliferative activity of these compounds has been conducted against various human cancer cell lines in comparison with paclitaxel as control using SRB assay. Interestingly, a new compound 5 was found along with previously reported compounds from this lichen. This new compound was designated as fluoroatranorin 5 which was reported for the first time herein. The structural characterization of a new depside was determined by spectral methods such as 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, IR, LC-HRESI-MS, and LC-MS/MS study. Its structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. This new compound was designated as fluoroatranorin 5 which was reported first time herein. Anti-proliferative activity of all these compounds was evaluated against six different cancer cell lines. The inhibitory activity, IC50 value of compounds 1-3 and 5 exhibited at 99.64, 102.04, 109.20, 53.0 and 2.4 μM on cancer cell lines HT-29 (colon), Hela (cervical), HT-29, HPAC (pancreas) and A2780 (ovarian cancer cell line) respectively in comparison with paclitaxel as control. The new compound 5 exhibited significant activity with IC50 value 2.4 μM on A2780 ovarian cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy K Bauri
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | | | | | - Jonathan G Jeyaraj
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Sabine Foro
- Institute of Materials Science, Darmstadt University of Technology, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Lorenz C, Bianchi E, Alberini A, Poggiali G, Benesperi R, Papini A, Brucato JR. UV photo-degradation of the secondary lichen substance parietin: A multi-spectroscopic analysis in astrobiology perspective. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 41:191-201. [PMID: 38670647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The cortical anthraquinone yellow-orange pigment parietin is a secondary lichen substance providing UV-shielding properties that is produced by several lichen species. In our work, the secondary metabolite has been extracted from air-dried thalli of Xanthoria parietina. The aims of this study were to characterize parietin absorbance through UV-VIS spectrophotometry and with IR spectroscopy and to evaluate its photodegradability under UV radiation through in situ reflectance IR spectroscopy to understand to what extent the substance may have a photoprotective role. This allows us to relate parietin photo-degradability to the lichen UV tolerance in its natural terrestrial habitat and in extreme environments relevant for astrobiology such as Mars. Extracted crystals were UV irradiated for 5.59 h under N2 flux. After the UV irradiation, we assessed relevant degradations in the 1614, 1227, 1202, 1160 and 755 cm-1 bands. However, in light of Xanthoria parietina survivability in extreme conditions such as space- and Mars-simulated ones, we highlight parietin UV photo-resistance and its relevance for astrobiology as photo-protective substance and possible bio-hint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lorenz
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Florence, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrew Alberini
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Poggiali
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Florence, Italy; LESIA-Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - John Robert Brucato
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Florence, Italy.
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Mendili M, Khadhri A, Sabatini F, Degano I, Aschi-Smiti S. Parietin, the Vibrant Natural Dye in Xanthoria parietina. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301357. [PMID: 38072912 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The use of natural dyes in several areas is regulated by current European and non-European legislation, due to various problems with synthetic dyes. The analysis revealed that the lichen studied: Xanthoria parietina has potential natural dye sources and provides bright colors for extraction solvents. Furthermore, dyed wool and toile fabric have good fastness properties in ammonia fermentation and boiling water, both with and without mordants. The sample dyes with Xanthoria parietina were characterized by several analytical techniques: high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and electrospray ionization with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF). As compounds from Xanthoria parietina form a complex with mordants and tissues, it is impossible to identify the molecules responsible for coloring using chromatographic techniques. However, we have evaluated the dyeing power of their major molecule, parietin. To further confirm the coloring power of the isolated parietin molecule, we performed a dye test with pure parietin. Thus, CIALAB analyses have shown parietin is the molecule responsible for the coloring obtained by Xanthoria parietina. The utilization of parietin derived from lichens facilitates the development of sustainable dyes for textile coloring, presenting an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic dyes while simultaneously enriching lichen biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mendili
- Plant, soil, and environment interactions laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ayda Khadhri
- Plant, soil, and environment interactions laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Francesca Sabatini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samira Aschi-Smiti
- Plant, soil, and environment interactions laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Yenigun S, Ipek Y, Marah S, Demirtas I, Ozen T. DNA protection, molecular docking, antioxidant, antibacterial, enzyme inhibition, and enzyme kinetic studies for parietin, isolated from Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:848-862. [PMID: 37021462 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Parietin was isolated from Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr.' (methanol:chloroform) extract, using a silica column. 13 C NMR and 1H NMR were used to confirm the structure of the isolated parietin. For the first time, parietin was investigated for its antioxidant, antibacterial and DNA protective activities. Molecular docking was carried out to determine the binding affinity and interactions between the enzymes and our molecule. Inhibition and kinetic mechanism studies for the action of the enzymes were performed too. Parietin exhibited high metal chelating activity. The MIC values of parietin were sufficient to inhibit different bacterial strains; E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus. Molecular docking applications exhibited that acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), lipase, and tyrosinase have high potential for binding with the parietin. Especially, the parietin's highest binding affinity was recorded with AChE and tyrosinase. These results were confirmed by the inhibition and kinetics results, where, parietin observed a potent inhibition with an IC50 values between 0.013-0.003 µM. Moreover, parietin acts' as a non-competitive inhibitor against AChE, BChE, and lipase, and as a competitive inhibitor against tyrosinase with a high rate of inhibition stability. The promising biological properties of parietin revealed its effectiveness in terms of suitability in the food and pharmaceutical industries.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiha Yenigun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yasar Ipek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Sarmad Marah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Demirtas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Ozen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Soares JX, Afonso I, Omerbasic A, Loureiro DRP, Pinto MMM, Afonso CMM. The Chemical Space of Marine Antibacterials: Diphenyl Ethers, Benzophenones, Xanthones, and Anthraquinones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104073. [PMID: 37241815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multiresistant bacteria and the shortage of antibacterials in the drug pipeline creates the need to search for novel agents. Evolution drives the optimization of the structure of marine natural products to act as antibacterial agents. Polyketides are a vast and structurally diverse family of compounds that have been isolated from different marine microorganisms. Within the different polyketides, benzophenones, diphenyl ethers, anthraquinones, and xanthones have shown promising antibacterial activity. In this work, a dataset of 246 marine polyketides has been identified. In order to characterize the chemical space occupied by these marine polyketides, molecular descriptors and fingerprints were calculated. Molecular descriptors were analyzed according to the scaffold, and principal component analysis was performed to identify the relationships among the different descriptors. Generally, the identified marine polyketides are unsaturated, water-insoluble compounds. Among the different polyketides, diphenyl ethers tend to be more lipophilic and non-polar than the remaining classes. Molecular fingerprints were used to group the polyketides according to their molecular similarity into clusters. A total of 76 clusters were obtained, with a loose threshold for the Butina clustering algorithm, highlighting the large structural diversity of the marine polyketides. The large structural diversity was also evidenced by the visualization trees map assembled using the tree map (TMAP) unsupervised machine-learning method. The available antibacterial activity data were examined in terms of bacterial strains, and the activity data were used to rank the compounds according to their antibacterial potential. This potential ranking was used to identify the most promising compounds (four compounds) which can inspire the development of new structural analogs with better potency and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- José X Soares
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Investigation (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Afonso
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adaleta Omerbasic
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela R P Loureiro
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Investigation (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Investigation (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carlos M M Afonso
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Investigation (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Norouzi H, Sohrabi M, Yousefi M, Boustie J. Tridepsides as potential bioactives: a review on their chemistry and the global distribution of their lichenic and non-lichenic natural sources. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2023; 4:1088966. [PMID: 37746133 PMCID: PMC10512237 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2023.1088966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Tridepsides, as fully oxidized polyketides, have been known to exist in lichens for more than a century. Recent studies have showed that these possible defensive lichenochemicals possess various biological activities. Also, a candidate biosynthetic gene cluster was recently reported for gyrophoric acid (GA), an important tridepside. The present study focused on biosynthesis, natural sources, biological activities, and bioanalytical methods of tridepside molecules. Our survey shows that, so far, lichenic tridepsides have been reported from 37 families, 111 genera, and 526 species of lichen. Because many of their species contain tridepsides, the families Parmeliaceae, Lobariaceae, and Peltigeraceae can be considered critical lichenic sources of tridepsides. Furthermore, several species of Hypotrachyna in Parmeliaceae family showed lichenic tridepsides, suggesting that this genus is a viable source of tridepsides. This research also explored tridepsides from non-lichenic sources, such as non-lichenized fungi, lichenicolous fungi, endophytes, parasites, and liverworts, which offer substantial potential as biotechnological sources to produce tridepsides, which are produced in small amounts in lichen thalli. Two lichenic tridepsides have also been detected in non-lichenic sources: GA and tenuiorin (TE). Additionally, no significant correlation was found between tridepside biosynthesis and geographical distribution patterns for several potentially tridepside-producing lichens. We further showed that GA is the most studied tridepside with various reported biological activities, including anticancer, wound healing, photoprotection, anti-aging, antioxidant, cardiovascular effect, DNA interaction, anti-diabetes, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-bacterial, and antifungal. Last but not least, this study provides an overview of some bioanalytical methods used to analyze tridepsides over the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Norouzi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sohrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Joel Boustie
- Univ Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - Mixed Research Unit (MRU) 6226, Rennes, France
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Lee S, Lee JH, Youn UJ. Steroids from the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata and their chemotaxonomical significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2023.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Yuan X, Li Y, Luo T, Bi W, Yu J, Wang Y. Genomic Analysis of the Xanthoria elegans and Polyketide Synthase Gene Mining Based on the Whole Genome. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:36-48. [PMID: 36846628 PMCID: PMC9946308 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2023.2175428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Xanthoria elegans is a lichen symbiosis, that inhabits extreme environments and can absorb UV-B. We reported the de novo sequencing and assembly of X. elegans genome. The whole genome was approximately 44.63 Mb, with a GC content of 40.69%. Genome assembly generated 207 scaffolds with an N50 length of 563,100 bp, N90 length of 122,672 bp. The genome comprised 9,581 genes, some encoded enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism such as terpene, polyketides. To further understand the UV-B absorbing and adaptability to extreme environments mechanisms of X. elegans, we searched the secondary metabolites genes and gene-cluster from the genome using genome-mining and bioinformatics analysis. The results revealed that 7 NR-PKSs, 12 HR-PKSs and 2 hybrid PKS-PKSs from X. elegans were isolated, they belong to Type I PKS (T1PKS) according to the domain architecture; phylogenetic analysis and BGCs comparison linked the putative products to two NR-PKSs and three HR-PKSs, the putative products of two NR-PKSs were emodin xanthrone (most likely parietin) and mycophelonic acid, the putative products of three HR-PKSs were soppilines, (+)-asperlin and macrolactone brefeldin A, respectively. 5 PKSs from X. elegans build a correlation between the SMs carbon skeleton and PKS genes based on the domain architecture, phylogenetic and BGC comparison. Although the function of 16 PKSs remains unclear, the findings emphasize that the genes from X. elegans represent an unexploited source of novel polyketide and utilization of lichen gene resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei, People’ Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization/National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Yunnan Rare and Endangered Species Conservation and Propagation, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, Yunnan, People’ Republic of China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization/National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Yunnan Rare and Endangered Species Conservation and Propagation, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, Yunnan, People’ Republic of China
| | - Ting Luo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization/National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Yunnan Rare and Endangered Species Conservation and Propagation, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, Yunnan, People’ Republic of China
| | - Wei Bi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization/National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Yunnan Rare and Endangered Species Conservation and Propagation, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, Yunnan, People’ Republic of China
| | - Jiaojun Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei, People’ Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization/National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Yunnan Rare and Endangered Species Conservation and Propagation, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, Yunnan, People’ Republic of China
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Avan İ, Akbulut VM. Synthesis and Antioxidant Evaluation of O-Methylated Emodacidamides: Starting from Parietin, a Secondary Metabolite of Lichen Xanthoria parietina. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200771. [PMID: 36512748 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxy-anthraquinones bearing amino acids are found rather seldom in nature. Emodacidamides, isolated from a marine-derived fungus, Penicillium sp. SCSIO sof101 by Luo et al. (2017) are the first natural example of amino acid conjugated anthraquinone. In this study, O-methylated emodacidamides and emodinic acid-anilides were synthesized starting from parietin, extracted from the lichen Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. The structural elucidations of prepared compounds were confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR analyses including HSQC and HMBC techniques. In addition, all newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for the antioxidant activities with free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging. The synthesized compounds showed low to moderate antioxidant and DPPH scavenging activities. The antioxidant activities were supported within quantum chemical calculations using the DFT-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. It is observed that the antioxidant activity of emodacidamides mostly depends on the phenolic groups on anthraquinone ring. The phenolic groups on other substituents help to improve antioxidant activity and also the position of hydroxy group is a decisive factor for antioxidant ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlker Avan
- Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Volkan Mustafa Akbulut
- Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Eskişehir, Türkiye
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12
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Karagöz Y, Öztürk Karagöz B. Lichens in Pharmacological Action: What Happened in the Last Decade? Eurasian J Med 2022; 54:195-208. [PMID: 36655467 PMCID: PMC11163341 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens are a unique group of organisms, which can produce compounds that are named secondary metabolites and rarely or are not produced in other organisms. Lichens possess pharmacological actions related to their secondary metabolites. Our knowledge of lichens and their pharmacological actions rapidly increases as new technologies and devices, which facilitate the investigation of the chemical profile and biological activities of lichens, are introduced and become more readily available. In addition, new methods and perspectives, as well as suggestions for pharmacological mechanisms, accumulate daily. Furthermore, lichen substances stand as a relatively untapped source of natural products. Accordingly, researchers investigate the pharmacological actions of lichen-derived material more frequently than it was in the past. This review focused on the pharmacological activities of lichens published in the last 11 years (2012-2022). Literature data obtained from WebOfScience and PubMed databases using related search keywords revealed that anti-genotoxicity, anticancer, and anti-microbial activity studies have constantly been conducted. More recently, immunomodulatory and inflammation-related studies took to the stage. Enzyme inhibition actions were popular as well. Our selection was based on the novelty and mechanistic insight that papers presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalçın Karagöz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Berna Öztürk Karagöz
- Department of Pharmacology, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı, Turkey
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Adenubi OT, Famuyide IM, McGaw LJ, Eloff JN. Lichens: An update on their ethnopharmacological uses and potential as sources of drug leads. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115657. [PMID: 36007717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lichens, a unique symbiotic association between an alga/cyanobacterium and a fungus, produce secondary metabolites that are a promising source of novel drug leads. The beauty and importance of lichens have not been adequately explored despite their manifold biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antiparasitic. AIM OF THE STUDY The present review collates and discusses the available knowledge on secondary metabolites and biological activities of lichens (in vitro and in vivo). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using relevant keywords (lichens, secondary metabolites, bioactivity, pharmacological activities), five electronic databases, namely ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Recent Literature on Lichens, were searched for past and current scientific contributions up until May 2022. Literature focusing broadly on the bioactivity of lichens including their secondary metabolites were identified and summarized. RESULTS A total of 50 review articles and 189 research articles were searched. Information related to antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and insecticidal activities of 90 lichen species (from 13 families) and 12 isolated metabolites are reported. Over 90% of the studies comprised in vitro investigations, such as bioassays evaluating radical scavenging properties, lipid peroxidation inhibition and reducing power, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial bioassays of lichen species and constituents. In vivo studies were scarce and available only in fish and rats. Most of the studies were done by research groups in Brazil, France, Serbia, India and Turkey. There were relatively few reports from Asia and Africa despite the ubiquitous nature of lichens and the high occurrence in these continents. CONCLUSION Secondary metabolites from lichens are worthy of further investigation in terms of their potential therapeutic applicability, including better understanding of their mechanism(s) of action. This would be of great importance in the search for novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola Tolulope Adenubi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Ibukun Michael Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Lyndy Joy McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
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14
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Qi F, Zhang W, Xue Y, Geng C, Jin Z, Li J, Guo Q, Huang X, Lu X. Microbial production of the plant-derived fungicide physcion. Metab Eng 2022; 74:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Isolation, Characterization, and Breast Cancer Cytotoxic Activity of Gyrophoric Acid from the Lichen Umbilicaria muhlenbergii. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens produce a large variety of secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities, chemical structures, and physicochemical properties. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the use of lichen-derived bioactive molecules for drug discovery and development. Here, we report on the isolation, identification, and cytotoxic evaluation of gyrophoric acid (GA) from the lichen Umbilicaria muhlenbergii, a largely unexplored and scantly described lichen species. A simple purification protocol was developed for the fractionation of lichen crude extracts with silica gel column chromatography using solvents with changing polarity. GA was identified in one of the fractions with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ion trap mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). The FTIR spectra demonstrated the presence of aromatic and ester functional groups C=C, C-H, and C=O bonds, with the most remarkable signals recorded at 1400 cm−1 for the aromatic region, at 1400 cm−1 for the CH3 groups, and at 1650 cm−1 for the carbonyl groups in GA. The MS spectra showed a molecular ion [M-1]− at (m/z) 467 with a molecular weight of 468.4 and the molecular formula C24H20O10. that correspond to GA. The 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra verified the chemical shifts that are typical for GA. GA reduced the cell viability of breast cancer cells from the MCF-7 cell line by 98%, which is indicative of the strong cytotoxic properties of GA and its significant potential to serve as a potent anticancer drug.
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Della Greca M, Mendili M, Khadhri A, Ben Jemâa JM, Andolfi A, Tufano I, Aschi-smiti S. Anti‐Inflammatory Potential of Compounds Isolated from Tunisian Lichens Species. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200134. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Della Greca
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Chemical Sciences Complesso Univ. Mt. S. Angelovia Cintia, 4 80126 Napoli ITALY
| | - Mohamed Mendili
- University of Tunis El Manar: Universite de Tunis El Manar Sciences, Plant, Soil, Environment Interaction Laboratory Campus Academia Tunis TUNISIA
| | - Ayda Khadhri
- University of Tunis El Manar: Universite de Tunis El Manar Faculty of Sciences, Plant, Soil, Environment Interactions Laboratory Campus Academia Tunis TUNISIA
| | - Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa
- National Agricultural Research Institute Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture Rue Hedi Karray, El-Menzah Tunis TUNISIA
| | - Anna Andolfi
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Chemical Sciences via Cinthia Naples ITALY
| | - Immacolata Tufano
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Chemical Sciences via Cinthia Naples ITALY
| | - Samira Aschi-smiti
- University of Tunis El Manar: Universite de Tunis El Manar Sciences, Plant, Soil, Environment Interaction Laboratory Campus Academia Tunis TUNISIA
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Zakeri Z, Junne S, Jäger F, Dostert M, Otte V, Neubauer P. Lichen cell factories: methods for the isolation of photobiont and mycobiont partners for defined pure and co-cultivation. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:80. [PMID: 35534897 PMCID: PMC9082883 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to their huge biodiversity and the capability to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites, lichens have a great potential in biotechnological applications. They have, however, hardly been used as cell factories to date, as it is considered to be difficult and laborious to cultivate lichen partners in pure or co-culture in the laboratory. The various methods used to isolate lichen fungi, based on either the ascospores, the conidia, or the thallus, have so far not been compared or critically examined. Therefore, here we systematically investigate and compare the known methods and two new methods to identify the most suitable technology for isolation of fungi from lichens. Results Within this study six lichen fungi species were isolated and propagated as pure cultures. All of them formed colonies within one month. In case of lichens with ascocarps the spore discharge was the most suitable method. Spores were already discharged within 2 days and germinated within only four days and the contamination rate was low. Otherwise, the soredia and thallus method without homogenization, as described in this work, are also well suited to obtain pure fungal cultures. For the isolation of algae, we were also successful with the thallus method without homogenization. Conclusion With the methods described here and the proposed strategic approach, we believe that a large proportion of the lichen fungi can be cultivated within a reasonable time and effort. Based on this, methods of controlled cultivation and co-cultivation must now be developed in order to use the potential of lichens with regard to their secondary metabolites, but also for other applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01804-6.
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Ayoub AM, Gutberlet B, Preis E, Abdelsalam AM, Abu Dayyih A, Abdelkader A, Balash A, Schäfer J, Bakowsky U. Parietin Cyclodextrin-Inclusion Complex as an Effective Formulation for Bacterial Photoinactivation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020357. [PMID: 35214089 PMCID: PMC8875783 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria has become a significant public health concern. As an alternative therapeutic option, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can successfully eradicate antibiotic-resistant bacteria with a lower probability of developing resistance or systemic toxicity commonly associated with the standard antibiotic treatment. Parietin (PTN), also termed physcion, a natural anthraquinone, is a promising photosensitizer somewhat underrepresented in aPDT because of its poor water solubility and potential to aggregate in the biological environment. This study investigated whether the complexation of PTN with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) could increase its solubility, enhance its photophysical properties, and improve its phototoxicity against bacteria. At first, the solubilization behavior and complexation constant of the PTN/HP-β-CD inclusion complexes were evaluated by the phase solubility method. Then, the formation and physicochemical properties of PTN/HP-β-CD complexes were analyzed and confirmed in various ways. At the same time, the photodynamic activity was assessed by the uric acid method. The blue light-mediated photodegradation of PTN in its free and complexed forms were compared. Complexation of PTN increased the aqueous solubility 28-fold and the photostability compared to free PTN. PTN/HP-β-CD complexes reduce the bacterial viability of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Escherichia coli by > 4.8 log and > 1.0 log after irradiation, respectively. Overall, the low solubility, aggregation potential, and photoinstability of PTN were overcome by its complexation in HP-β-CD, potentially opening up new opportunities for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Mohamed Ayoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.M.A.); (B.G.); (E.P.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.D.); (A.A.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Bernd Gutberlet
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.M.A.); (B.G.); (E.P.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.D.); (A.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Eduard Preis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.M.A.); (B.G.); (E.P.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.D.); (A.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.M.A.); (B.G.); (E.P.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.D.); (A.A.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Alice Abu Dayyih
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.M.A.); (B.G.); (E.P.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.D.); (A.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Ayat Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.M.A.); (B.G.); (E.P.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.D.); (A.A.); (J.S.)
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Amir Balash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 10, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Jens Schäfer
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.M.A.); (B.G.); (E.P.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.D.); (A.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.M.A.); (B.G.); (E.P.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.D.); (A.A.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Mohammadi M, Bagheri L, Badreldin A, Fatehi P, Pakzad L, Suntres Z, van Wijnen AJ. Biological Effects of Gyrophoric Acid and Other Lichen Derived Metabolites, on Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis and Cell Signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109768. [PMID: 34864007 PMCID: PMC8808380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites from fungi, algae and lichens have remarkable biological activities as antibiotics, fungicides, antiviral drugs, and cancer therapeutics. This review focuses on the lichen-derived metabolite gyrophoric acid and other select secondary metabolites (e.g., usnic acid, salazinic acid, physodic acid, vulpinic acid ceratinalone, flavicansone, ramalin, physciosporin, tumidulin, atranorin, parmosidone) that modulate a number of cellular pathways relevant to several biomedical diseases and disorders, including cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We discuss the chemical structure and biochemical activities of gyrophoric acid and other compounds relative to the molecular mechanisms and cellular processes that these metabolites target in a distinct human and rodent cell types. The therapeutic promise of gyrophoric acid and similar lichen derived metabolites is associated with the chemical versatility of these compounds as polyaromatic depsides with functional carboxyl and hydroxyl side-groups that may permit selective interactions with distinct enzymatic active sites. Gyrophoric acid has been examined in a series of studies as an effective anticancer drug because it impinges on topoisomerase 1 activity, as well as causes cell cycle arrest, comprises cell survival, and promotes apoptosis. Because gyrophoric acid has cytostatic properties, its biological roles and possible medicinal utility may extend beyond effects on cancer cells and be relevant to any process that is controlled by cell growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mohammadi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada.
| | - Leila Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Amr Badreldin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada.
| | - Leila Pakzad
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada.
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MÜKEMRE M, ZENGİN G, TÜRKER RS, ASLAN A, DALAR A. Biological activities and chemical composition of Xanthoria lichens from Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2021. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.994427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Ayoub AM, Amin MU, Ambreen G, Dayyih AA, Abdelsalam AM, Somaida A, Engelhardt K, Wojcik M, Schäfer J, Bakowsky U. Photodynamic and antiangiogenic activities of parietin liposomes in triple negative breast cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 134:112543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Olivieri L, Saville RJ, Gange AC, Xu X. Apple endophyte community in relation to location, scion and rootstock genotypes and susceptibility to European canker. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:fiab131. [PMID: 34601593 PMCID: PMC8497447 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
European apple canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, is a severe disease of apple. Achieving effective control is difficult with the currently available pesticides. Specific apple endophytes associated with cultivars may partially contribute to the cultivar response to the pathogen and thus could be used for disease management. We sought to determine whether the overall endophyte community differed among cultivars differing in their susceptibility to N. ditissima and to identify specific microbial groups associated with the susceptibility. Using Illumina MiSeq meta-barcoding, we profiled apple tree endophytes in 16 scion-rootstock combinations at two locations and quantified the relative contribution of scion, rootstock and location to the observed variability in the endophyte communities. Endophyte diversity was primarily affected by the orchard location (accounting for 29.4% and 85.9% of the total variation in the PC1 for bacteria and fungi, respectively), followed by the scion genotype (24.3% and 19.5% of PC2), whereas rootstock effects were small (<3% of PC1 and PC2). There were significant differences in the endophyte community between canker-resistant and -susceptible cultivars. Several bacterial and fungal endophyte groups had different relative abundance between susceptible and resistant cultivars. These endophyte groups included putative pathogen antagonists as well as plant pathogens. Their possible ecological roles in the N. ditissima pathosystem are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leone Olivieri
- NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Robert J Saville
- NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
- Agriculture & Horticulture Development Board, Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth, Warwickshire CV8 2TL, UK
| | - Alan C Gange
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Xiangming Xu
- NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
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Bhaktavalsala Suresh A, Kilingar Nadumane V. The metabolite 5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol and its derivative methyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate from the lichen Parmotrema tinctorum with potent apoptotic and anti-angiogenesis effects. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:346. [PMID: 34178568 PMCID: PMC8212346 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has been a rich resource of novel anticancer agents, one such source being lichens, which represent the symbiosis between algae and fungi with diverse range of secondary metabolites having therapeutic significance. With respect to this, the present study evaluates the in vitro apoptogenic profile of secondary metabolites from the lichen Parmotrema tinctorum towards cancer cell lines. Treatment with TLC-purified fraction 1 from P. tinctorum resulted in significant reduction in the cell viabilities of cancer cells with IC50 values ranging between 1.2 and 12.8 μg/ml. The potential anticancer effect of the bioactive fraction was further supported by Trypan blue cell viability, LDH and DNA fragmentation assays. At the cellular level, induction of apoptosis was confirmed through the activation of the caspase cascade and apoptotic cells accumulating in the Sub-G1 phase of cell cycle. Angiogenesis being one of the major characteristics needed for cancer growth, the ability of the lichen fraction to inhibit angiogenesis was checked through in ovo Yolk Sac Membrane (YSM) assay and was found to be significant. The study also verified the non-toxic nature of the bioactive fraction towards normal human peripheral lymphocytes. HPLC analysis and GC-MS characterisation of the bioactive fraction indicated the presence of 5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol and its derivative methyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrini Bhaktavalsala Suresh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Block-I, Jain (Deemed-to-be-University), #18/3, 9th Main, III Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore, 560 011 India
| | - Varalakshmi Kilingar Nadumane
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Block-I, Jain (Deemed-to-be-University), #18/3, 9th Main, III Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore, 560 011 India
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Shishido TK, Wahlsten M, Laine P, Rikkinen J, Lundell T, Auvinen P. Microbial Communities of Cladonia Lichens and Their Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Potentially Encoding Natural Products. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1347. [PMID: 34206222 PMCID: PMC8304397 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens have been widely used in traditional medicine, especially by indigenous communities worldwide. However, their slow growth and difficulties in the isolation of lichen symbionts and associated microbes have hindered the pharmaceutical utilisation of lichen-produced compounds. Advances in high-throughput sequencing techniques now permit detailed investigations of the complex microbial communities formed by fungi, green algae, cyanobacteria, and other bacteria within the lichen thalli. Here, we used amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, and in silico metabolomics together with compound extractions to study reindeer lichens collected from Southern Finland. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of Cladonia species as sources of novel natural products. We compared the predicted biosynthetic pathways of lichen compounds from isolated genome-sequenced lichen fungi and our environmental samples. Potential biosynthetic genes could then be further used to produce secondary metabolites in more tractable hosts. Furthermore, we detected multiple compounds by metabolite analyses, which revealed connections between the identified biosynthetic gene clusters and their products. Taken together, our results contribute to metagenomic data studies from complex lichen-symbiotic communities and provide valuable new information for use in further biochemical and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Keiko Shishido
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (P.L.); (P.A.)
| | - Matti Wahlsten
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Pia Laine
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (P.L.); (P.A.)
| | - Jouko Rikkinen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botany Unit, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Lundell
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (P.L.); (P.A.)
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Pichler G, Candotto Carniel F, Muggia L, Holzinger A, Tretiach M, Kranner I. Enhanced culturing techniques for the mycobiont isolated from the lichen Xanthoria parietina. Mycol Prog 2021; 20:797-808. [PMID: 34720793 PMCID: PMC8550697 DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lichens and their isolated symbionts are potentially valuable resources for biotechnological approaches. Especially mycobiont cultures that produce secondary lichen products are receiving increasing attention, but lichen mycobionts are notoriously slow-growing organisms. Sufficient biomass production often represents a limiting factor for scientific and biotechnological investigations, requiring improvement of existing culturing techniques as well as methods for non-invasive assessment of growth. Here, the effects of pH and the supplement of growth media with either D-glucose or three different sugar alcohols that commonly occur in lichens, D-arabitol, D-mannitol and ribitol, on the growth of the axenically cultured mycobiont isolated from the lichen Xanthoria parietina were tested. Either D-glucose or different sugar alcohols were offered to the fungus at different concentrations, and cumulative growth and growth rates were assessed using two-dimensional image analysis over a period of 8 weeks. The mycobiont grew at a pH range from 4.0 to 7.0, whereas no growth was observed at higher pH values. Varying the carbon source in Lilly-Barnett medium (LBM) by replacing 1% D-glucose used in the originally described LBM by either 1%, 2% or 3% of D-mannitol, or 3% of D-glucose increased fungal biomass production by up to 26%, with an exponential growth phase between 2 and 6 weeks after inoculation. In summary, we present protocols for enhanced culture conditions and non-invasive assessment of growth of axenically cultured lichen mycobionts using image analysis, which may be useful for scientific and biotechnological approaches requiring cultured lichen mycobionts. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11557-021-01707-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Pichler
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia Muggia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Dar TUH, Dar SA, Islam SU, Mangral ZA, Dar R, Singh BP, Verma P, Haque S. Lichens as a repository of bioactive compounds: an open window for green therapy against diverse cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1120-1137. [PMID: 34052413 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lichens, algae and fungi-based symbiotic associations, are sources of many important secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and anticancer agents. Wide range of experiments based on in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that lichens are a rich treasure of anti-cancer compounds. Lichen extracts and isolated lichen compounds can interact with all biological entities currently identified to be responsible for tumor development. The critical ways to control the cancer development include induction of cell cycle arrests, blocking communication of growth factors, activation of anti-tumor immunity, inhibition of tumor-friendly inflammation, inhibition of tumor metastasis, and suppressing chromosome dysfunction. Also, lichen-based compounds induce the killing of cells by the process of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, that inturn positively modulates metabolic networks of cells against uncontrolled cell division. Many lichen-based compounds have proven to possess potential anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cells, either alone or in conjunction with other anti-cancer compounds. This review primarily emphasizes on an updated account of the repository of secondary metabolites reported in lichens. Besides, we discuss the anti-cancer potential and possible mechanism of the most frequently reported secondary metabolites derived from lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ul Hassan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahid Ahmed Mangral
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rubiya Dar
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Tripathi AH, Negi N, Gahtori R, Kumari A, Joshi P, Tewari LM, Joshi Y, Bajpai R, Upreti DK, Upadhyay SK. A Review of Anti-Cancer and Related Properties of Lichen-Extracts and Metabolites. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:115-142. [PMID: 34225637 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210322094647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichens are a composite consortium of fungus and alga. The symbiotic organisms are naturally equipped with distinct characteristics as compared to constituting organisms separately. Lichens due to their peculiar anatomy and physiology, are the reservoir of more than 600 unique secondary metabolites, also known as 'lichen substances'. Since ancient times, many ethnic groups from various parts of the world had knowledge about the applications of lichens as major provenance of food/fodder, medicine, dyes, spices, perfumes, etc. Lichen substances have shown impressive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities under experimental conditions. Usnic acid, a well-known metabolite, found in several species of lichens, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It also has significant anti-proliferative potential as revealed through testing in different cancer cell lines. Atranorin, Lecanoric acid, Norstictic acid, Lobaric acid, Stictic acid, Ramalin, Gyrophoric acid, Salazinic acid, Protolichesterinic, and Fumarprotocetraric acid are some of the other purified lichen metabolites with potent anti-cancer activities. OBJECTIVE This study presents an overview of lichen derived extracts/compounds augmenting the anti-cancer (related) properties. METHOD The review comprehends different studies (in vivo and in vitro) backing up the possibility of lichen extracts and metabolites towards their use as antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and EMT-inhibiting agents. RESULTS The review focuses on anti-cancer and related properties of lichen extracts and metabolites that include their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic, cancer stemness reduction, activities and, the potential of inhibition of cancer-associated Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is responsible for multiple drug-resistance and metastasis of cancer cells in a large proportion of cases. CONCLUSION Lichens can be the repertoire of a plethora of lichen metabolites with putative bioactive potential, which is needed to be explored in order to find out novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita H Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nidhi Negi
- Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rekha Gahtori
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India-263136; b Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amrita Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India-263136; b Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Penny Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand. 0
| | - Lalit M Tewari
- Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yogesh Joshi
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Bajpai
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Dalip K Upreti
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Santosh K Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
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Evaluation of the biological activities of olivetoric acid, a lichen-derived molecule, in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-00976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Akiel M, Alsughayyir J, Basudan AM, Alamri HS, Dera A, Barhoumi T, Al Subayyil AM, Basmaeil YS, Aldakheel FM, Alakeel R, Ghneim HK, Al-Sheikh YA, Alraey Y, Asiri S, Alfhili MA. Physcion Induces Hemolysis and Premature Phosphatidylserine Externalization in Human Erythrocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:372-378. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maaged Akiel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC)
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Jawaher Alsughayyir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Ahmed M. Basudan
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Hassan S. Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC)
| | - Ayed Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University
- Research Center of Advanced Materials, King Khalid University
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- Medical Core Facility and Research Platforms, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS)
| | - Abdullah M. Al Subayyil
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS)
| | - Yasser S. Basmaeil
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS)
| | - Fahad M. Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Raid Alakeel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Hazem K. Ghneim
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Yazeed A. Al-Sheikh
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Yasser Alraey
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University
| | - Saeed Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University
| | - Mohammad A. Alfhili
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University
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Mendili M, Essghaier B, Seaward MRD, Khadhri A. In vitro evaluation of lysozyme activity and antimicrobial effect of extracts from four Tunisian lichens: Diploschistes ocellatus, Flavoparmelia caperata, Squamarina cartilaginea and Xanthoria parietina. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1461-1469. [PMID: 33388791 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since lichens have been recognised as a potential natural source of bioactive substances, the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial, lysozyme and antifungal effects of methanol, acetone and quencher extracts from four lichens: Diploschistes ocellatus, Flavoparmelia caperata, Squamarina cartilaginea and Xanthoria parietina. The results showed that the tested extracts had antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and anti-candida, and inhibit the spore germination of tested fungi. The different extracts varied in their effect as determined by the diameter of the inhibition zone, the highest values being observed with the methanol and acetone extracts (29.5 and 27.5 mm, respectively) for S. cartilaginea against Enterococcus faecalis. For powdered material (quencher), F. caperata showed the highest inhibition diameter (25.5 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values varied from 125 to 2000 μg mL-1. Methanol extracts of S. cartilaginea were more active against Enterobacter cloacae (MIC 125 µg mL-1) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 125 µg mL-1), and also affected lysozyme activity against Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the morphology of fungal hyphae. This study demonstrated that the investigated species are a potential source of bioactive compounds which are potentially important antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mendili
- Unit of Research of Plant Ecology, University of Tunis El-Manar II, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - B Essghaier
- Laboratory Mycology Pathology and Biomarkers, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El-Manar II, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M R D Seaward
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - A Khadhri
- Unit of Research of Plant Ecology, University of Tunis El-Manar II, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Abdel-Naime WA, Kimishima A, Setiawan A, Fahim JR, Fouad MA, Kamel MS, Arai M. Mitochondrial Targeting in an Anti-Austerity Approach Involving Bioactive Metabolites Isolated from the Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110555. [PMID: 33171814 PMCID: PMC7694948 DOI: 10.3390/md18110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a nutrient-deficient region that alters the cancer cell phenotype to aggravate cancer pathology. The ability of cancer cells to tolerate nutrient starvation is referred to as austerity. Compounds that preferentially target cancer cells growing under nutrient-deficient conditions are being employed in anti-austerity approaches in anticancer drug discovery. Therefore, in this study, we investigated physcion (1) and 2-(2',3-epoxy-1',3',5'-heptatrienyl)-6-hydroxy-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) benzaldehyde (2) obtained from a culture extract of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus species (sp.), which were isolated from an unidentified marine sponge, as anti-austerity agents. The chemical structures of 1 and 2 were determined via spectroscopic analysis and comparison with authentic spectral data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited selective cytotoxicity against human pancreatic carcinoma PANC-1 cells cultured under glucose-deficient conditions, with IC50 values of 6.0 and 1.7 µM, respectively. Compound 2 showed higher selective growth-inhibitory activity (505-fold higher) under glucose-deficient conditions than under general culture conditions. Further analysis of the mechanism underlying the anti-austerity activity of compounds 1 and 2 against glucose-starved PANC-1 cells suggested that they inhibited the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed A Abdel-Naime
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.A.A.-N.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (J.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Atsushi Kimishima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.A.A.-N.); (A.K.)
| | - Andi Setiawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lampung University, J1. Prof. Dr. Sumantri Brodjonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia;
| | - John Refaat Fahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (J.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Mostafa A. Fouad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (J.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Mohamed Salah Kamel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (J.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.S.K.); (M.A.); Tel.: +20-86-211-0026 (M.S.K.); +81-66879-8215 (M.A.); Fax: +20-86-211-0032 (M.S.K.); +81-66879-8215 (M.A.)
| | - Masayoshi Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.A.A.-N.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.K.); (M.A.); Tel.: +20-86-211-0026 (M.S.K.); +81-66879-8215 (M.A.); Fax: +20-86-211-0032 (M.S.K.); +81-66879-8215 (M.A.)
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HPLC Fingerprint Analysis with the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Selected Lichens Combined with the Chemometric Calculations. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184301. [PMID: 32961727 PMCID: PMC7571045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of multivariate techniques to predict antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the selected lichens from the chromatographic data. A simple and reproducible HPLC-DAD technique has been used to obtain the chromatographic fingerprint profiles. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) linear gradient system with methanol, water and phosphoric acid (V) (pH 2.3) as the mobile phase was used (50 min). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been applied to the evaluation of the phytochemical similarity between studied samples, especially between the same species collected in various places of Poland (Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach., CI, Cladina mitis Sandst., CM, Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., HP). The ability to scavenge free radicals was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) test. In the case of DPPH % of inhibition was higher for selected species (Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf, H. physodes in comparison to the literature data. The FRAP test showed that the H. physodes extract had higher ability to scavenge free radical in comparison to Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrader and Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., whereas P. furfuracea extract showed higher ability than C. islandica. The high content of phenolics in P. furfuracea and H. physodes confirms their high antioxidant activity. The cytotoxic activity of studied extracts was tested by cell culture method using the human HL-60 / MX2 acute CKL-22 (CRL-2257) promyelocytic leukemia tumor cell line. The lowest values of IC50 [µg∙mL-1] were obtained for: H. physodes (HP1)-99.4; C. digitate-122.6; H. physodes (HP)-136.5, C. subulata-142.6; C. mitis-180.2.
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Catechin isolated from cashew nut shell exhibits antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of MRSA through ROS-mediated oxidative stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8279-8297. [PMID: 32857200 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes severe infections and among all methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) remains a great challenge in spite of decade research of antibacterial compounds. Even though some synthetic antibiotics have been developed, they are not effective against MRSA, and hence, there is a search for natural, alternative and plant-based antibacterial compound. In this connection, catechin isolated from cashew nut shell was investigated for its antibacterial potential against MRSA. Catechin exhibited zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a range of 15.1-19.5 mm and 78.1-156.2 μg/ml, respectively, against ATCC and clinical isolates of MRSA. Among all clinical isolates, clinical isolate-3 exhibited highest sensitivity to catechin. Catechin has arrested the growth of MRSA strains and also caused toxicity by membrane disruption which was illustrated by AO/EB fluorescence staining. Increased nucleic acid leakage (1.58-28.6-fold) and protein leakage (1.40-23.50-fold) was noticed in MRSA due to catechin treatment when compared to methicillin. Bacteria treated with catechin at its MIC showed 1.52-, 1.87- and 1.74-fold increase of ROS production in methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), MRSA and clinical isolate-3 strains, respectively, as compared to control. Superoxide dismutase (5.31-9.63 U/mg protein) and catalase (1573-3930 U/mg protein) were significantly decreased as compared to control in catechin-treated S. aureus. Thus, catechin exhibited antibacterial activity through oxidative stress by increased production of ROS and decreased antioxidant enzymes. Altogether results suggest that catechin is a promising lead compound with antibacterial potential against MRSA. KEY POINTS: • Catechin was isolated and identified as active compound in cashew nut shell. • Catechin exhibited antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of MRSA. • Bacterial cell wall damage was caused by catechin in MRSA strains. • Catechin increased the oxidative stress in MRSA by intracellular ROS production.
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Alfarouk KO, Ahmed SBM, Elliott RL, Benoit A, Alqahtani SS, Ibrahim ME, Bashir AHH, Alhoufie STS, Elhassan GO, Wales CC, Schwartz LH, Ali HS, Ahmed A, Forde PF, Devesa J, Cardone RA, Fais S, Harguindey S, Reshkin SJ. The Pentose Phosphate Pathway Dynamics in Cancer and Its Dependency on Intracellular pH. Metabolites 2020; 10:E285. [PMID: 32664469 PMCID: PMC7407102 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is one of the key metabolic pathways occurring in living cells to produce energy and maintain cellular homeostasis. Cancer cells have higher cytoplasmic utilization of glucose (glycolysis), even in the presence of oxygen; this is known as the "Warburg Effect". However, cytoplasmic glucose utilization can also occur in cancer through the PPP. This pathway contributes to cancer cells by operating in many different ways: (i) as a defense mechanism via the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to prevent apoptosis, (ii) as a provision for the maintenance of energy by intermediate glycolysis, (iii) by increasing genomic material to the cellular pool of nucleic acid bases, (iv) by promoting survival through increasing glycolysis, and so increasing acid production, and (v) by inducing cellular proliferation by the synthesis of nucleic acid, fatty acid, and amino acid. Each step of the PPP can be upregulated in some types of cancer but not in others. An interesting aspect of this metabolic pathway is the shared regulation of the glycolytic and PPP pathways by intracellular pH (pHi). Indeed, as with glycolysis, the optimum activity of the enzymes driving the PPP occurs at an alkaline pHi, which is compatible with the cytoplasmic pH of cancer cells. Here, we outline each step of the PPP and discuss its possible correlation with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid O. Alfarouk
- Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Temple Terrace, FL 33617, USA
- American Biosciences Inc., New York, NY 10913, USA;
- Al-Ghad International College for Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42316, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Robert L. Elliott
- The Elliott-Elliott-Baucom Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA;
- The Sallie A. Burdine Breast Foundation, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA;
| | - Amanda Benoit
- The Sallie A. Burdine Breast Foundation, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA;
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muntaser E. Ibrahim
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan; (M.E.I.); (A.H.H.B.)
| | - Adil H. H. Bashir
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan; (M.E.I.); (A.H.H.B.)
| | - Sari T. S. Alhoufie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gamal O. Elhassan
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 56264, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | | | - Heyam S. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan;
| | - Ahmed Ahmed
- Department of Oesphogastric and General Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK;
| | - Patrick F. Forde
- CancerResearch@UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12 XF62, Ireland;
| | - Jesus Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, Travesía de Montouto 24, 15886 Teo, Spain;
| | - Rosa A. Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 90126 Bari, Italy; (R.A.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Salvador Harguindey
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 90126 Bari, Italy; (R.A.C.); (S.J.R.)
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Mohammadi M, Zambare V, Malek L, Gottardo C, Suntres Z, Christopher L. Lichenochemicals: extraction, purification, characterization, and application as potential anticancer agents. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:575-601. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1730325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mohammadi
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasudeo Zambare
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- School of Sciences, Sandip University, Nashik, India
| | - Ladislav Malek
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Gottardo
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zacharias Suntres
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lew Christopher
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Biorefinery World, LLC, Rapid City, SD, USA
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Biodeterioration Patterns and Their Interpretation for Potential Applications to Stone Conservation: A Hypothesis from Allelopathic Inhibitory Effects of Lichens on the Caestia Pyramid (Rome). SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12031132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The colonisation of stone by different organisms often leaves biodeterioration patterns (BPs) on the surfaces even if their presence is no longer detectable. Peculiar weathering patterns on monuments and rocks, such as pitting phenomena, were recognised as a source of information on past colonisers and environmental conditions. The evident inhibition areas for new bio-patinas observed on the marble blocks of the Caestia Pyramid in Rome, recognisable as tracks of previous colonisations, seem a source for developing new natural products suitable for restoration activities. To hypothesise past occurring communities and species, which gave rise to such BPs, we carried out both in situ observations and analyses of the rich historical available iconography (mainly photographs). Moreover, we analysed literature on the lichen species colonising carbonate stones used in Roman sites. Considering morphology, biochemical properties and historical data on 90 lichen species already reported in Latium archaeological sites, we suppose lichen species belonging to the genus Circinaria (Aspicilia s.l.) to be the main aetiological agent of such peculiar BPs. These results seem relevant to highlight the long-lasting allelopathic properties of some lichen substances potentially applicable as a natural product to control colonisation, improving the environmental and economical sustainability of stone restoration.
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Anticancer Potential of Lichens' Secondary Metabolites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010087. [PMID: 31948092 PMCID: PMC7022966 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens produce different classes of phenolic compounds, including anthraquinones, xanthones, dibenzofuranes, depsides and depsidones. Many of them have revealed effective biological activities such as antioxidant, antiviral, antibiotics, antifungal, and anticancer. Although no clinical study has been conducted yet, there are number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating anticancer effects of lichen metabolites. The main goal of our work was to review most recent published papers dealing with anticancer activities of secondary metabolites of lichens and point out to their perspective clinical use in cancer management.
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Parietin as an efficient and promising anti-angiogenic and apoptotic small-molecule from Xanthoria parietina. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Physcion and physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside: A review of their pharmacology, toxicities and pharmacokinetics. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ozturk S, Erkisa M, Oran S, Ulukaya E, Celikler S, Ari F. Lichens exerts an anti-proliferative effect on human breast and lung cancer cells through induction of apoptosis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:259-267. [PMID: 30835567 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1573825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Successful cancer treatment still requires new complexes or compounds from natural sources. Therefore, we investigated anti-growth/apoptotic effects of methanol extracts of the lichen species (Xanthoparmelia somloensis (Gleyn.) Hale, Usnea intermedia (A. Massal.) Jatta, Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw and Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.) on human lung (A549, H1299) and breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines. Anti-growth effects were monitored by the MTT and ATP viability assays. Cell death mode was evaluated by employing the fluorescence staining of nucleus, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 detection, caspase 3/7 activity assay, Anneksin V cytofluorimetric assay and mitochondria membrane potential assay. Among the lichen extracts, Usnea intermedia exhibited strong anti-growth activity in a dose-dependent manner (1.56-100 µg/ml) compared to the others. Usnea intermedia was especially cytotoxic against MDA-MB-231 and H1299 cells (IC50 value for was found 3.0 and 10.2 μg/ml respectively). The cytotoxicity was resulted from apoptosis as proved by the presence of pyknotic nuclei, caspase 3/7 activity, phosphatidylserine translocation and loss of mitochondria membrane potential. In conclusion, Usnea intermedia warrants for further in vivo evaluation as a new alternative in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Ozturk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Merve Erkisa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Oran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Celikler
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Isolation and in silico prediction of potential drug-like compounds from Anethum sowa L. root extracts targeted towards cancer therapy. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 78:242-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gundogdu G, Gundogdu K, Nalci KA, Demirkaya AK, Yılmaz Tascı S, Demirkaya Miloglu F, Senol O, Hacimuftuoglu A. The Effect of Parietin Isolated From Rheum ribes L on In Vitro Wound Model Using Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2019; 18:56-64. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734618819660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parietin is one of the well-known anthraquinone compounds that can be extracted from Rheum ribes L. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of parietin isolated from Rheum ribes L on an in vitro wound model using human dermal fibroblast cells and compare its effectiveness against zinc. The antioxidant effect of parietin was determined by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) method. Human dermal fibroblast cells were cultured in proculture medium and were kept until 100% confluence was achieved. The wound model was created by using a pipette tip. After that, different concentrations of parietin and zinc (final concentrations in the well to be 5-250 µM and 25-200 µM, respectively) were added into the medium. The proliferation-inducing effect on cell viability was determined by using MTT assay. Images of cells were taken at 0, 12, and 24 hours. According to the DPPH method, parietin exhibited have antioxidant activity. According to the MTT results, parietin exhibited significant proliferation-inducing effect on cell viability in a dose range of 5 to 10 M, and zinc showed significant proliferation-inducing effect on cell viability at dose 50 µM ( P < .05). In addition, the image of cell proliferation was also shown at the same doses at 24 hours. In this study, we claim that parietin induces cell proliferation at low doses in cases of dermal fibroblast loss. In conclusion, parietin as an alternative to zinc in wound healing could be used by clinicians in the future with more extensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koksal Gundogdu
- Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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Can Parietin Transfer Energy Radiatively to Photosynthetic Pigments? Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071741. [PMID: 30018202 PMCID: PMC6099737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The main role of lichen anthraquinones is in protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, such as UV radiation. These compounds are frequently deposited as crystals outside the fungal hyphae and most of them emit visible fluorescence when excited by UV. We wondered whether the conversion of UV into visible fluorescence might be photosynthetically used by the photobiont, thereby converting UV into useful energy. To address this question, thalli of Xanthoria parietina were used as a model system. In this species the anthraquinone parietin accumulates in the outer upper cortex, conferring the species its characteristic yellow-orange colouration. In ethanol, parietin absorbed strongly in the blue and UV-B and emitted fluorescence in the range 480–540 nm, which partially matches with the absorption spectra of photosynthetic pigments. In intact thalli, it was determined by confocal microscopy that fluorescence emission spectra shifted 90 nm towards longer wavelengths. Then, to study energy transfer from parietin, we compared the response to UV of untreated and parietin-free thalli (removed with acetone). A chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic assessment provided evidence of UV-induced electron transport, though independently of the presence of parietin. Thus, a role for anthraquinones in energy harvesting is not supported for X. parietina under presented experimental conditions.
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Emsen B, Togar B, Turkez H, Aslan A. Effects of two lichen acids isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in cultured human lymphocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 73:303-312. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study aims at assessing the efficacies of olivetoric acid (OA) and physodic acid (PA) isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) in human lymphocytes (HLs) in vitro. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed to establish cytotoxicity in HLs. Besides, oxidative stress and genotoxicity were monitored by estimating the changes of total oxidative stress (TOS) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels, respectively, in HLs. At the same time, OA- and PA-induced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in HLs were determined. Although especially low concentrations of OA (IC50=109.94 mg/L) and PA (IC50=665.49 mg/L) did not show cytotoxic effect at high levels in HLs, it was revealed that cytotoxicity was significantly (p<0.05) associated with oxidative stress and genotoxicity via correlation analysis. While TOS level in HLs did not statistically (p>0.05) increase in the presence of all treatments (0.5–100 mg/L) of PA, TAC level was increased by PA applications in certain concentrations (0.5–10 mg/L). Overall, the obtained data indicate that OA and especially PA as lichen compounds that do not cause oxidative stress can be a new resource of therapeutics as recognized in the present study with their high antioxidant features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bugrahan Emsen
- Department of Biology, Kamil Özdağ Faculty of Science , Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University , Karaman , Turkey , Phone: +90-3382263825, Fax: +90-3382262150
| | - Basak Togar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques , Vocational School of Health Services, Bayburt University , Bayburt , Turkey
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University , Erzurum , Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy , University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Ali Aslan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
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Vannini A, Paoli L, Vichi M, Bačkor M, Bačkorová M, Loppi S. Toxicity of Diclofenac in the Fern Azolla filiculoides and the Lichen Xanthoria parietina. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:430-437. [PMID: 29335758 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence of toxicity, expressed as damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, in the aquatic fern Azolla filiculoides and the lichen Xanthoria parietina following treatments with diclofenac at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L) and different exposure times (24, 48, 72 and 240 h). Measurements of photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll degradation indicated dose- and time-dependent toxicity, since significant differences with control samples as well as among treatments, emerged mainly for the highest concentration (100 mg/L) and the longest time (240 h). In addition, also the mycobiont of the lichen X. parietina showed similar toxic effects, expressed as ergosterol content. The absence of relevant alterations at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L) suggested a very limited susceptibility of these species to environmentally relevant levels of this pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vannini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Paoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Vichi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Martin Bačkor
- Department of Botany, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Manesova 23, Košice, 041 67, Slovak Republic
| | - Miriam Bačkorová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovak Republic
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Vannini A, Paoli L, Ceccarelli S, Sorbo S, Basile A, Carginale V, Nali C, Lorenzini G, Pica M, Loppi S. Physiological and ultrastructural effects of acute ozone fumigation in the lichen Xanthoria parietina: the role of parietin and hydration state. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8104-8112. [PMID: 28702906 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The physiological and ultrastructural effects induced by acute exposure to ozone (O3) were investigated in the lichen Xanthoria parietina. Our working hypothesis was that parietin content and hydration of the thalli may play a role in the modulation of the effects of O3 exposure. Four batches of X. parietina samples, dry and wet, with (P+) and without (P-) parietin, were fumigated for 1 h with 3 ppm O3. The effects of O3 were assessed immediately after the fumigation and after one week of recovery under controlled conditions. O3 fumigation caused physiological and ultrastructural impairment both to the photobiont and the mycobiont, irrespective if samples were fumigated wet or dry, and P+ or P-. However, one week after fumigation, a recovery was observed in P+ samples for the photobiont and in dry samples for the mycobiont. We suggest that the hydration state may play a major role in determining the severity of the damage, while the presence of parietin may promote the recovery. Our results provide physiological and ultrastructural basis to explain the ecological insensitivity of lichens to high environmental levels of ozone occurring during dry Mediterranean summers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vannini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Paoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Ceccarelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Comini LR, Morán Vieyra FE, Mignone RA, Páez PL, Laura Mugas M, Konigheim BS, Cabrera JL, Núñez Montoya SC, Borsarelli CD. Parietin: an efficient photo-screening pigment in vivo with good photosensitizing and photodynamic antibacterial effects in vitro. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:201-210. [PMID: 27976779 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00334f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical, photoinduced pro-oxidant and antibacterial properties in vitro of the natural occurring parietin (PTN; 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone) were evaluated. PTN was extracted from the lichen identified as Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norm. (Telochistaceae). Results indicate that in chloroform solution, PTN presents spectroscopic features corresponding to an excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) state with partial keto-enol tautomerization. In argon-saturated solutions, the singlet excited state is poorly fluorescent (ΦF = 0.03), decaying by efficient intersystem crossing to an excited triplet state 3PTN*, as detected by laser-flash photolysis experiments. In the presence of triplet molecular oxygen, the 3PTN* was fully quenched producing singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) with a quantum yield of 0.69. In addition, in buffer solutions, PTN has the ability to also generate a superoxide radical anion (O2˙-) in a human leukocyte model and its production was enhanced under UVA-Vis irradiation. Finally, the in vitro antibacterial capability of PTN in the dark and under UVA-Vis illumination was compared in microbial cultures of both Gram positive and negative bacteria. As a result, PTN showed promising photo-induced antibacterial activity through the efficient photosensitized generation of both 1O2 and O2˙- species. Thus, we have demonstrated that PTN, an efficient photo-screening pigment in lichens, is also a good photosensitizer in solution with promising applications in antibacterial photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Comini
- IMBIV, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - F Eduardo Morán Vieyra
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero - CONICET, RN9, Km 1125, G4206XCP Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
| | - Ricardo A Mignone
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero - CONICET, RN9, Km 1125, G4206XCP Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
| | - Paulina L Páez
- Dto. Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Unidad de Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA) - CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Laura Mugas
- IMBIV, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Brenda S Konigheim
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J.M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José L Cabrera
- IMBIV, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Susana C Núñez Montoya
- IMBIV, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Claudio D Borsarelli
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero - CONICET, RN9, Km 1125, G4206XCP Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
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Suryanarayanan TS, Thirunavukkarasu N. Endolichenic fungi: the lesser known fungal associates of lichens. Mycology 2017; 8:189-196. [PMID: 30123639 PMCID: PMC6059131 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2017.1352048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens are the result of a stable mutualism between a fungal and a photosynthesising partner (alga or cyanobacterium). In addition to the fungal partner in this mutualism, lichens are associated with endolichenic fungi which reside inside their thalli. The endolichenic fungi appear to have evolved with the lichen and many of them are a source of novel metabolites vested with unique bioactivities. There is very little information on the biology of endolichenic fungi and their interactions with the other components of a lichen microbiome. There is an urgent need to understand these aspects of endolichenic fungi such that their ecology and economic potential are known more completely. The current knowledge on endolichenic fungi is reviewed here.
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Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogens and food poisoning caused by spoilage microorganisms are threatening human health all over the world. The efficacies of some antimicrobial agents, which are currently used to extend shelf-life and increase the safety of food products in food industry and to inhibit disease-causing microorganisms in medicine, have been weakened by microbial resistance. Therefore, new antimicrobial agents that could overcome this resistance need to be discovered. Many spices-such as clove, oregano, thyme, cinnamon, and cumin-possessed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against food spoilage bacteria like Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, harmful fungi like Aspergillus flavus, even antibiotic resistant microorganisms such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, spices have a great potential to be developed as new and safe antimicrobial agents. This review summarizes scientific studies on the antibacterial and antifungal activities of several spices and their derivatives.
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Felczykowska A, Pastuszak-Skrzypczak A, Pawlik A, Bogucka K, Herman-Antosiewicz A, Guzow-Krzemińska B. Antibacterial and anticancer activities of acetone extracts from in vitro cultured lichen-forming fungi. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:300. [PMID: 28592323 PMCID: PMC5463493 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Lichens that were used in traditional medicine for ages produce numerous secondary metabolites, however our knowledge about biological activities of substances secreted by separated bionts is scarce. The main objectives of this study were to isolate and find optimal conditions for the growth of mycelia from three common lichen-forming fungi, i.e. Caloplaca pusilla, Protoparmeliopsis muralis and Xanthoria parietina and to evaluate antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of their acetone extracts. Methods Agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used to test antimicrobial activity against six species of bacteria. MTT method, flow cytometry assay and DAPI staining were applied to test antiproliferative activity of selected extracts against MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), PC-3 (human prostate cancer) and HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma) cancer cells. Results P. muralis strongly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MICs from 6.67 to 100.00 μg mL−1). X. parietina grown on PDA and G-LBM media decreased HeLa or MCF-7 cancer cells viability with IC50 values of about 8 μg mL−1, while C. pusilla grown on G-LBM medium showed the highest potency in decreasing MCF-7 (7.29 μg mL−1), PC-3 (7.96 μg mL−1) and HeLa (6.57 μg mL−1) cancer cells viability. We also showed induction of apoptosis in HeLa, PC-3 and MCF-7 cell lines treated with increasing concentrations of C. pusilla extract. Conclusion We showed that selected acetone extracts demonstrated a strong antimicrobial and anticancer effects that suggests that aposymbiotically cultured lichen-forming fungi can be a source of antibacterial and antiproliferative compounds.
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