1
|
Jiang T, Zhang Y, Zuo G, Luo T, Wang H, Zhang R, Luo Z. Transcription factor PgNAC72 activates DAMMARENEDIOL SYNTHASE expression to promote ginseng saponin biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2952-2969. [PMID: 38606940 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Ginsenosides, the primary bioactive constituents in ginseng (Panax ginseng), possess substantial pharmacological potential and are in high demand in the market. The plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) effectively elicits ginsenoside biosynthesis in P. ginseng, though the regulatory mechanism remains largely unexplored. NAC transcription factors are critical in intricate plant regulatory networks and participate in numerous plant physiological activities. In this study, we identified a MeJA-responsive NAC transcription factor gene, PgNAC72, from a transcriptome library produced from MeJA-treated P. ginseng callus. Predominantly expressed in P. ginseng flowers, PgNAC72 localizes to the nucleus. Overexpressing PgNAC72 (OE-PgNAC72) in P. ginseng callus notably elevated total saponin levels, particularly dammarane-type ginsenosides, by upregulating dammarenediol synthase (PgDDS), encoding a key enzyme in the ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that PgNAC72 binds to the NAC-binding elements in the PgDDS promoter, thereby activating its transcription. Further RNA-seq and terpenoid metabolomic data in the OE-PgNAC72 line confirmed that PgNAC72 enhances ginsenoside biosynthesis. These findings uncover a regulatory role of PgNAC72 in MeJA-mediated ginsenoside biosynthesis, providing insights into the ginsenoside regulatory network and presenting a valuable target gene for metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Gege Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Tiao Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu W, Cai S, Zhao J, Hu S, Zang C, Xu J, Hu L. Beyond genome: Advanced omics progress of Panax ginseng. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 341:112022. [PMID: 38311250 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Ginseng is a perennial herb of the genus Panax in the family Araliaceae as one of the most important traditional medicine. Genomic studies of ginseng assist in the systematic discovery of genes related to bioactive ginsenosides biosynthesis and resistance to stress, which are of great significance in the conservation of genetic resources and variety improvement. The transcriptome reflects the difference and consistency of gene expression, and transcriptomics studies of ginseng assist in screening ginseng differentially expressed genes to further explore the powerful gene source of ginseng. Protein is the ultimate bearer of ginseng life activities, and proteomic studies of ginseng assist in exploring the biosynthesis and regulation of secondary metabolites like ginsenosides and the molecular mechanism of ginseng adversity adaptation at the overall level. In this review, we summarize the current status of ginseng research in genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, respectively. We also discuss and look forward to the development of ginseng genome allele mapping, ginseng spatiotemporal, single-cell transcriptome, as well as ginseng post-translational modification proteome. We hope that this review will contribute to the in-depth study of ginseng and provide a reference for future analysis of ginseng from a systems biology perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyuan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuhan Hu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Zang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lianghai Hu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng H, Fu X, Shao J, Tang Y, Yu M, Li L, Huang L, Tang K. Transcriptional regulatory network of high-value active ingredients in medicinal plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:429-446. [PMID: 36621413 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
High-value active ingredients in medicinal plants have attracted research attention because of their benefits for human health, such as the antimalarial artemisinin, anticardiovascular disease tanshinones, and anticancer Taxol and vinblastine. Here, we review how hormones and environmental factors promote the accumulation of active ingredients, thereby providing a strategy to produce high-value drugs at a low cost. Focusing on major hormone signaling events and environmental factors, we review the transcriptional regulatory network mediating biosynthesis of representative active ingredients. In this network, many transcription factors (TFs) simultaneously control multiple synthase genes; thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms affecting transcriptional regulation of active ingredients will be crucial to developing new breeding possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jin Shao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yueli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre,School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Muyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ling Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre,School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li L, Lv B, Zang K, Jiang Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Wang K, Zhao M, Chen P, Lei J, Wang Y, Zhang M. Genome-wide identification and systematic analysis of the HD-Zip gene family and its roles in response to pH in Panax ginseng Meyer. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:30. [PMID: 36639779 PMCID: PMC9838044 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer, is a traditional herb that is immensely valuable both for human health and medicine and for medicinal plant research. The homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-Zip) gene family is a plant-specific transcription factor gene family indispensable in the regulation of plant growth and development and plant response to environmental stresses. RESULTS We identified 117 HD-Zip transcripts from the transcriptome of ginseng cv. Damaya that is widely grown in Jilin, China where approximately 60% of the world's ginseng is produced. These transcripts were positioned to 64 loci in the ginseng genome and the ginseng HD-Zip genes were designated as PgHDZ genes. Identification of 82 and 83 PgHDZ genes from the ginseng acc. IR826 and cv. ChP genomes, respectively, indicated that the PgHDZ gene family consists of approximately 80 PgHDZ genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the gene family originated after Angiosperm split from Gymnosperm and before Dicots split from Monocots. The gene family was classified into four subfamilies and has dramatically diverged not only in gene structure and functionality but also in expression characteristics. Nevertheless, co-expression network analysis showed that the activities of the genes in the family remain significantly correlated, suggesting their functional correlation. Five hub PgHDZ genes were identified that might have central functions in ginseng biological processes and four of them were shown to be actively involved in plant response to environmental pH stress in ginseng. CONCLUSIONS The PgHDZ gene family was identified from ginseng and analyzed systematically. Five potential hub genes were identified and four of them were shown to be involved in ginseng response to environmental pH stress. The results provide new insights into the characteristics, diversity, evolution, and functionality of the PgHDZ gene family in ginseng and lay a foundation for comprehensive research of the gene family in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Research Center for Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Boxin Lv
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Kaiyou Zang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Chaofan Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Research Center for Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Kangyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Research Center for Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Research Center for Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Research Center for Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Jun Lei
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Research Center for Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
- Research Center for Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
| | - Meiping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
- Research Center for Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang X, Li Y, Yao A, Liu W, Yang T, Zhao M, Zhang B, Han D. Overexpression of MxbHLH18 Increased Iron and High Salinity Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148007. [PMID: 35887354 PMCID: PMC9319408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the life cycle of apple, it will suffer a variety of abiotic stresses, such as iron stress and salt stress. bHLH transcription factors (TFs) play an indispensable role in the response of plants to stress. In this study, a new bHLH gene named MxbHLH18 was separated from Malus xiaojinensis. According to the results of subcellular localization, MxbHLH18 was localized in the nucleus. Salt stress and iron stress affected the expression of MxbHLH18 in Malus xiaojinensis seedlings to a large extent. Due to the introduction of MxbHLH18, the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to salt, high iron and low iron was significantly enhanced. Under the environmental conditions of high iron and low iron, the overexpression of MxbHLH18 increased many physiological indexes of transgenic Arabidopsis compared to wild type (WT), such as root length, fresh weight and iron content. The high level expression of MxbHLH18 in transformed Arabidopsis thaliana can not only increased the content of chlorophyll and proline, as well as increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT); it also reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), which was more obvious under high salt conditions. In addition, the relative conductivity, H2O2 content and O2− content in transgenic Arabidopsis decreased under salt stress. Meanwhile, MxbHLH18 can also regulate the expression of downstream genes associated with salt stress (AtCBF1/2/3, AtKIN1 and AtCOR15a/b) and iron stress (AtIRT1, AtFRO2, AtNAS2, ATACT2, AtZIF1 and AtOPT3). Therefore, MxbHLH18 can actively promote the adaptability of plants to the growth environment of salt and low and/or iron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yingmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Anqi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Wanda Liu
- Horticulture Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mengfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Bingxiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (D.H.); Tel.: +86-451-55190781 (D.H.)
| | - Deguo Han
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions/College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (A.Y.); (T.Y.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (D.H.); Tel.: +86-451-55190781 (D.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Di P, Wang P, Yan M, Han P, Huang X, Yin L, Yan Y, Xu Y, Wang Y. Genome-wide characterization and analysis of WRKY transcription factors in Panax ginseng. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:834. [PMID: 34794386 PMCID: PMC8600734 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax ginseng is a well-known medicinal plant worldwide. As an herbal medicine, ginseng is also known for its long lifecycle, which can reach several decades. WRKY proteins play regulatory roles in many aspects of biological processes in plants, such as responses to biotic or abiotic stress, plant development, and adaptation to environmental challenges. Genome-wide analyses of WRKY genes in P. ginseng have not been reported. RESULTS In this study, 137 PgWRKY genes were identified from the ginseng genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PgWRKYs could be clustered into three primary groups and five subgroups. Most of the PgWRKY gene promoters contained several kinds of hormone- and stress-related cis-regulatory elements. The expression patterns of PgWRKY genes in 14 different tissues were analyzed based on the available public RNA-seq data. The responses of the PgWRKY genes to heat, cold, salt and drought treatment were also investigated. Most of the PgWRKY genes were expressed differently after heat treatment, and expression trends changed significantly under drought and cold treatment but only slightly under salt treatment. The coexpression analysis of PgWRKY genes with the ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway genes identified 11 PgWRKYs that may have a potential regulatory role in the biosynthesis process of ginsenoside. CONCLUSIONS This work provides insights into the evolution, modulation and distribution of the WRKY gene family in ginseng and extends our knowledge of the molecular basis along with modulatory mechanisms of WRKY transcription factors in ginsenoside biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Di
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, China. .,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, China
| | - Min Yan
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Han
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, China
| | - Le Yin
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, China
| | - Yonghua Xu
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, China.
| | - Yingping Wang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hou M, Wang R, Zhao S, Wang Z. Ginsenosides in Panax genus and their biosynthesis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1813-1834. [PMID: 34386322 PMCID: PMC8343117 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are a series of glycosylated triterpenoids which belong to protopanaxadiol (PPD)-, protopanaxatriol (PPT)-, ocotillol (OCT)- and oleanane (OA)-type saponins known as active compounds of Panax genus. They are accumulated in plant roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. The content and composition of ginsenosides are varied in different ginseng species, and in different parts of a certain plant. In this review, we summarized the representative saponins structures, their distributions and the contents in nearly 20 Panax species, and updated the biosynthetic pathways of ginsenosides focusing on enzymes responsible for structural diversified ginsenoside biosynthesis. We also emphasized the transcription factors in ginsenoside biosynthesis and non-coding RNAs in the growth of Panax genus plants, and highlighted the current three major biotechnological applications for ginsenosides production. This review covered advances in the past four decades, providing more clues for chemical discrimination and assessment on certain ginseng plants, new perspectives for rational evaluation and utilization of ginseng resource, and potential strategies for production of specific ginsenosides.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABA, abscisic acid
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AtCPR (ATR), Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 reductase
- BARS, baruol synthase
- Biosynthetic pathway
- Biotechnological approach
- CAS, cycloartenol synthase
- CDP, cytidine diphosphate
- CPQ, cucurbitadienol synthase
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- DDS, dammarenediol synthase
- DM, dammarenediol-II
- DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate
- FPP, farnesyl pyrophosphate
- FPPS (FPS), farnesyl diphosphate synthase
- GDP, guanosine diphosphate
- Ginsenoside
- HEJA, 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate
- HMGR, HMG-CoA reductase
- IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate
- ITS, internal transcribed spacer
- JA, jasmonic acid
- JA-Ile, (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine
- JAR, JA-amino acid synthetase
- JAZ, jasmonate ZIM-domain
- KcMS, Kandelia candel multifunctional triterpene synthases
- LAS, lanosterol synthase
- LUP, lupeol synthase
- MEP, methylerythritol phosphate
- MVA, mevalonate
- MVD, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase
- MeJA, methyl jasmonate
- NDP, nucleotide diphosphate
- Non-coding RNAs
- OA, oleanane or oleanic acid
- OAS, oleanolic acid synthase
- OCT, ocotillol
- OSC, oxidosqualene cyclase
- PPD, protopanaxadiol
- PPDS, PPD synthase
- PPT, protopanaxatriol
- PPTS, PPT synthase
- Panax species
- RNAi, RNA interference
- SA, salicylic acid
- SE (SQE), squalene epoxidase
- SPL, squamosa promoter-binding protein-like
- SS (SQS), squalene synthase
- SUS, sucrose synthase
- TDP, thymine diphosphate
- Transcription factors
- UDP, uridine diphosphate
- UGPase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphosphprylase
- UGT, UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase
- WGD, whole genome duplication
- α-AS, α-amyrin synthase
- β-AS, β-amyrin synthase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoqi Hou
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amin I, Rasool S, Mir MA, Wani W, Masoodi KZ, Ahmad P. Ion homeostasis for salinity tolerance in plants: a molecular approach. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:578-594. [PMID: 32770745 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses faced by the plants. Sodium chloride is the most important salt responsible for inducing salt stress by disrupting the osmotic potential. Due to various innate mechanisms, plants adapt to the sodic niche around them. Genes and transcription factors regulating ion transport and exclusion such as salt overly sensitive (SOS), Na+ /H+ exchangers (NHXs), high sodium affinity transporter (HKT) and plasma membrane protein (PMP) are activated during salinity stress and help in alleviating cells of ion toxicity. For salt tolerance in plants signal transduction and gene expression is regulated via transcription factors such as NAM (no apical meristem), ATAF (Arabidopsis transcription activation factor), CUC (cup-shaped cotyledon), Apetala 2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF), W-box binding factor (WRKY) and basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP). Cross-talk between all these transcription factors and genes aid in developing the tolerance mechanisms adopted by plants against salt stress. These genes and transcription factors regulate the movement of ions out of the cells by opening various membrane ion channels. Mutants or knockouts of all these genes are known to be less salt-tolerant compared to wild-types. Using novel molecular techniques such as analysis of genome, transcriptome, ionome and metabolome of a plant, can help in expanding the understanding of salt tolerance mechanism in plants. In this review, we discuss the genes responsible for imparting salt tolerance under salinity stress through transport dynamics of ion balance and need to integrate high-throughput molecular biology techniques to delineate the issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Insha Amin
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, FVSc & A.H., SKUAST, Shuhama, India
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Department of School Education, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar, 190001, India
| | - Mudasir A Mir
- Transcriptomics Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, India
| | - Wasia Wani
- Transcriptomics Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, India
| | - Khalid Z Masoodi
- Transcriptomics Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S. P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yao L, Lu J, Wang J, Gao WY. Advances in biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins in medicinal plants. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:417-424. [PMID: 32503733 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins in medicinal plants has been widely studied because of their active ingredients with diverse pharmacological activities. Various oxidosqualene cyclases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases, and transcription factors related to triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis have been explored and identified. In the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins, the progress of gene mining by omics-based sequencing, gene screening, gene function verification, catalyzing mechanism of key enzymes and gene regulation are summarized and discussed. By the progress of the biosynthesis pathway of triterpenoid saponins, the large-scale production of some triterpenoid saponins and aglycones has been achieved through plant tissue culture, transgenic plants and engineered yeast cells. However, the complex biosynthetic pathway and structural diversity limit the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins in different system. Special focus can further be placed on the systematic botany information of medicinal plants obtained from omics large dataset, and triterpenoid saponins produced by synthetic biology strategies, gene mutations and gene editing technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wen-Yuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Penicillium sp. YJM-2013 induces ginsenosides biosynthesis in Panax ginseng adventitious roots by inducing plant resistance responses. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2020; 12:257-264. [PMID: 36119014 PMCID: PMC9476754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Fusarium oxysporum is a common pathogenic fungus in ginseng cultivation. Both pathogens and antagonistic fungi have been reported to induce plant resistance responses, thereby promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites. The purpose of this experiment is to compare the advantages of one of the two fungi, in order to screen out more effective elicitors. The mechanism of fungal elicitor-induced plant resistance response is supplemented. Methods A gradient dilution and the dural culture were carried out to screen strains. The test strain was identified by morphology and 18 s rDNA. The effect of different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/L) of Penicillium sp. YJM-2013 and F. oxysporum on fresh weight and ginsenosides accumulation were tested. Signal molecules transduction, expression of transcription factors and functional genes were investigated to study the induction mechanism of fungal elicitors. Results Antagonistic fungi of F. oxysporum was identified as Penicillium sp. YJM-2013, which reduced root biomass. The total ginsenosides content of Panax ginseng adventitious roots reached the maximum (48.95 ± 0.97 mg/g) treated with Penicillium sp. YJM-2013 at 200 mg/L, higher than control by 2.59-fold, in which protopanoxadiol-type ginsenosides (PPD) were increased by 4.57 times. Moreover, Penicillium sp. YJM-2013 activated defense signaling molecules, up-regulated the expression of PgWRKY 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and functional genes in ginsenosides synthesis. Conclusion Compared with the pathogenic fungi F. oxysporum, antagonistic fungi Penicillium sp. YJM-2013 was more conducive to the accumulation of ginsenosides in P. ginseng adventitious roots. Penicillium sp. YJM-2013 promoted the accumulation of ginsenosides by intensifying the generation of signal molecules, activating the expression of transcription factors and functional genes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Wang N, Zhao S. Functional characterization of a WRKY family gene involved in somatic embryogenesis in Panax ginseng. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:449-458. [PMID: 31760482 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a perennial herbaceous species, Panax ginseng is widely cultivated and used as traditional herbal medicine. The root of Panax ginseng commonly remains expensive as conventional breeding of Panax ginseng is difficult. Somatic embryogenesis (S.E.) is a useful tool for plant propagation and optimal model for understanding the mechanisms of plant embryogenesis. In Panax ginseng, increasing studies have been widely performed to optimize the technology of S.E., while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, we cloned and identified a WRKY family gene named PgWRKY6 which is upregulated in response to 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)-induced embryogenic callus development. The silencing of PgWRKY6 obviously reduces the induction rate of embryogenic callus, indicating its crucial role in S.E. of Panax ginseng hairy root. The expressions of several ROS-scavenging genes are also inducible during embryogenic callus development, and the transcriptions of PgGST, PgAPX1, and PgSOD are demonstrated to be regulated by PgWRKY6. Recombinant PgWRKY6, an approximate 40-KDa protein purified from Escherichia coli, shows a specific DNA-binding activity with a potential recognition site of TTGAC(C/T). This work demonstrated that as a conserved WRKY family transcription factor, PgWRKY6 functions upstream of PgGST, PgAPX1, and PgSOD, and potentially mediated auxins -ROS signaling pathway in the process of S.E. in Panax species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Jining Medical University, No. 133 Hehua Street, Jining, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, China
| | - Ni Wang
- Changchun Vocational Institute of Technology, No. 3278 Weixing Street, Changchun, China
| | - Shoujing Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dabi M, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. Functional Validation of JcWRKY2, a Group III Transcription Factor Toward Mitigating Salinity Stress in Transgenic Tobacco. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1278-1291. [PMID: 31584843 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plants being sessile cannot escape from the adverse environmental stresses, hence get negatively affected in terms of their growth and yield. Transcriptional control simultaneously regulate different cellular processes, minimizing the deleterious effects of these stresses. The salicylic acid (SA)-inducible WRKY family of transcription factors auto or crossregulate the stress signaling in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, facilitating enhanced stress tolerance. In this study, we characterized the group III WRKY gene, JcWRKY2 from ecological and economical valued shrub Jatropha curcas. The JcWRKY2 tobacco transgenics showed improved physiological growth parameters, elevated chlorophyll content, improved antioxidative activities, and increased endogenous SA with both salt and SA stress. Interestingly, the pretreatment with SA and hydrogen peroxide facilitated improved germination of transgenic seeds with salinity stress. The transgenics showed differential regulation of antioxidative enzymes, calcium/calmodulin, dehydrins, and phospholipase genes with salt and SA stress. The increased SA content in transgenics on stress treatments, enhanced the antioxidant capacity leading to reduced susceptibility to stresses. Thus, JcWRKY2 transgenics participate in SA-mediated, improved antioxidative status during salinity stress with reduced reactive oxygen species damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Dabi
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Genome-Wide Identification of WRKY Transcription Factors in the Asteranae. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100393. [PMID: 31581604 PMCID: PMC6843914 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors family, which participates in many physiological processes in plants, constitutes one of the largest transcription factor families. The Asterales and the Apiales are two orders of flowering plants in the superorder Asteranae. Among the members of the Asterales, globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) are important economic crops worldwide. Within the Apiales, ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen are important medicinal plants, while carrot (Daucus carota subsp. carota L.) has significant economic value. Research involving genome-wide identification of WRKY transcription factors in the Asterales and the Apiales has been limited. In this study, 490 WRKY genes, 244 from three species of the Apiales and 246 from three species of the Asterales, were identified and categorized into three groups. Within each group, WRKY motif characteristics and gene structures were similar. WRKY gene promoter sequences contained light responsive elements, core regulatory elements, and 12 abiotic stress cis-acting elements. WRKY genes were evenly distributed on each chromosome. Evidence of segmental and tandem duplication events was found in all six species in the Asterales and the Apiales, with segmental duplication inferred to play a major role in WRKY gene evolution. Among the six species, we uncovered 54 syntenic gene pairs between globe artichoke and lettuce. The six species are thus relatively closely related, consistent with their traditional taxonomic placement in the Asterales. This study, based on traditional species classifications, was the first to identify WRKY transcription factors in six species from the Asteranae. Our results lay a foundation for further understanding of the role of WRKY transcription factors in species evolution and functional differentiation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kochan E, Balcerczak E, Szymczyk P, Sienkiewicz M, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H, Szymańska G. Abscisic Acid Regulates the 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA Reductase Gene Promoter and Ginsenoside Production in Panax quinquefolium Hairy Root Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061310. [PMID: 30875925 PMCID: PMC6471273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax quinquefolium hairy root cultures synthesize triterpenoid saponins named ginsenosides, that have multidirectional pharmacological activity. The first rate-limiting enzyme in the process of their biosynthesis is 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR). In this study, a 741 bp fragment of the P. quinquefoliumHMGR gene (PqHMGR), consisting of a proximal promoter, 5′UTR (5′ untranslated region) and 5′CDS (coding DNA sequence) was isolated. In silico analysis of an isolated fragment indicated a lack of tandem repeats, miRNA binding sites, and CpG/CpNpG elements. However, the proximal promoter contained potential cis-elements involved in the response to light, salicylic, and abscisic acid (ABA) that was represented by the motif ABRE (TACGTG). The functional significance of ABA on P. quinquefolium HMGR gene expression was evaluated, carrying out quantitative RT-PCR experiments at different ABA concentrations (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg·L−1). Additionally, the effect of abscisic acid and its time exposure on biomass and ginsenoside level in Panax quinquefolium hairy root was examined. The saponin content was determined using HPLC. The 28 day elicitation period with 1 mg·L−1 ABA was the most efficient for Rg2 and Re (17.38 and 1.83 times increase, respectively) accumulation; however, the protopanaxadiol derivative content decreased in these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kochan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego l, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Interfaculty Cathedral of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Piotr Szymczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego l, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, 2nd Chair of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-725, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Hanna Zielińska-Bliźniewska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, 2nd Chair of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-725, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Szymańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego l, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
El-Esawi MA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Ali HM, Ahmad M. Overexpression of AtWRKY30 Transcription Factor Enhances Heat and Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020163. [PMID: 30791662 PMCID: PMC6410048 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought and heat factors have negative impacts on wheat yield and growth worldwide. Improving wheat tolerance to heat and drought stress is of the utmost importance to maintain crop yield. WRKY transcription factors help improve plant resistance to environmental factors. In this investigation, Arabidopsis WRKY30 (AtWRKY30) transcription factor was cloned and expressed in wheat. Plants growth, biomass, gas-exchange attributes, chlorophyll content, relative water content, prolines content, soluble proteins content, soluble sugars content, and antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) of the AtWRKY30-overexpressing wheat plants were higher than those of the wild type. However, levels of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide of the AtWRKY30-overexpressing wheat plants were significantly less than those of the wild-type. Additionally, the expression level of antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes and stress-responsive genes (ERF5a, DREB1, DREB3, WRKY19, TIP2, and AQP7) were significantly induced in the transgenic wheat plants in comparison with the wild type. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that AtWRKY30 overexpression promotes heat and drought tolerance in wheat by inducing gas-exchange attributes, antioxidant machinery, osmolytes biosynthesis, and stress-related gene expression. AtWRKY30 could serve as a potential candidate gene for improving stress tolerance in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah A Al-Ghamdi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Timber Trees Research Department, Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
| | - Margaret Ahmad
- UMR CNRS 8256 (B2A), Université Paris VI, 75005 Paris, France.
- Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH 45207, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang MQ, Huang QX, Lin P, Zeng QH, Li Y, Liu QL, Zhang L, Pan YZ, Jiang BB, Zhang F. The Overexpression of a Transcription Factor Gene VbWRKY32 Enhances the Cold Tolerance in Verbena bonariensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1746. [PMID: 32063911 PMCID: PMC7000379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress poses a serious threat to the survival and bloom of Verbena bonariensis. The enhancement of the cold tolerance of V. bonariensis is the central concern of our research. The WRKY transcription factor (TF) family was paid great attention to in the field of abiotic stress. The VbWRKY32 gene was obtained from V. bonariensis. The VbWRKY32 predicted protein contained two typical WRKY domains and two C2H2 zinc-finger motifs. Under cold stress, VbWRKY32 in leaves was more greatly induced than that in stems and roots. The overexpression (OE) in V. bonariensis increased cold tolerance compared with wild-type (WT). Under cold stress, the OE lines possessed showed greater recovery after cold-treatment restoration ratios, proline content, soluble sugar content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes than WT; the relative electrolyte conductivity (EL), the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2 -) are lower in OE lines than that in WT. In addition, a series of cold-response genes of OE lines were compared with WT. The results revealed that VbWRKY32 worked as a positive regulator by up-regulating transcription levels of cold-responsive genes. The genes above can contribute to the elevation of antioxidant activities, maintain the membrane stability, and raise osmotic regulation ability, leading to the enhancement of the survival capacity under cold stress. According to this work, VbWRKY32 could serve as an essential gene to confer enhanced cold tolerance in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-qi Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu-xiang Huang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin-han Zeng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Qing-lin Liu,
| | - Qing-lin Liu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Qing-lin Liu,
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-zhi Pan
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei-bei Jiang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zeng X, Luo T, Li J, Li G, Zhou D, Liu T, Zou X, Pandey A, Luo Z. Transcriptomics-based identification and characterization of 11 CYP450 genes of Panax ginseng responsive to MeJA. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1094-1103. [PMID: 30321253 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYP450s), a superfamily of mono-oxygenases, are essential to generate highly functionalized secondary metabolites in plants and contribute to the diversification of specialized triterpenoid biosynthesis in eudicots. However, screening and identifying the exact CYP450 genes in ginsenoside biosynthesis is extremely challenging due to existence of large quantities of members in CYP450 superfamily. Therefore, to screen the CYP450 genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis, transcriptome dataset of Panax ginseng was created in our previous work using the technique of the next-generation sequencing. On the basis of bioinformatics analysis, 16 putative CYP450 genes with significant differential expression were screened from the dataset and submitted to GenBank, in which 11 of them have been cloned. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was used as an elicitor to analyze the expression profiles of candidate CYP450 genes by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results of qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of some CYP450 genes were strongly induced by MeJA and showed different transcription levels at different treatment time points. Homology analysis indicated that each putative CYP450 protein of P. ginseng has a conserved domain consisting of E-E-R-F-P-R-G. The CYP450 genes were screened and cloned here to enrich the resources of CYP450 genes, and the results of bioinformatics analysis provided a foundation to further identify the function of CYP450s involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis. Furthermore, this study facilitated the construction of microbial cell factories for increasing the production of ginsenosides by means of metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zeng
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiao Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jijia Li
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gui Li
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Donghua Zhou
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tuo Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xian Zou
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aparna Pandey
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lu J, Li J, Wang S, Yao L, Liang W, Wang J, Gao W. Advances in ginsenoside biosynthesis and metabolic regulation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:514-522. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu SR, Gao K, Liu X, Xu J, Wei JH, Sui C. Identification of WRKY Transcription Factors Related to Saikosaponin Biosynthesis in Adventitious Roots of Bupleurum chinense. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(17)60089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
20
|
Wang K, Wu YH, Tian XQ, Bai ZY, Liang QY, Liu QL, Pan YZ, Zhang L, Jiang BB. Overexpression of DgWRKY4 Enhances Salt Tolerance in Chrysanthemum Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1592. [PMID: 28959270 PMCID: PMC5604078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High salinity seriously affects the production of chrysanthemum, so improving the salt tolerance of chrysanthemum becomes the focus and purpose of our research. The WRKY transcription factor (TF) family is highly associated with a number of processes of abiotic stress responses. We isolated DgWRKY4 from Dendranthema grandiflorum, and a protein encoded by this new gene contains two highly conserved WRKY domains and two C2H2 zinc-finger motifs. Then, we functionally characterized that DgWRKY4 was induced by salt, and DgWRKY4 overexpression in chrysanthemum resulted in increased tolerance to high salt stress compared to wild-type (WT). Under salt stress, the transgenic chrysanthemum accumulated less malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]) than WT, accompanied by more proline, soluble sugar, and activities of antioxidant enzymes than WT; in addition, a stronger photosynthetic capacity and a series of up-regulated stress-related genes were also found in transgenic chrysanthemum. All results demonstrated that DgWRKY4 is a positive regulatory gene responding to salt stress, via advancing photosynthetic capacity, promoting the operation of reactive oxygen species-scavenging system, maintaining membrane stability, enhancing the osmotic adjustment, and up-regulating transcript levels of stress-related genes. So, DgWRKY4 can serve as a new candidate gene for salt-tolerant plant breeding.
Collapse
|
21
|
Duraisamy GS, Mishra AK, Kocabek T, Matoušek J. Identification and characterization of promoters and cis-regulatory elements of genes involved in secondary metabolites production in hop (Humulus lupulus. L). Comput Biol Chem 2016; 64:346-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|