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Avraham Y, Berry EM, Merchavia S, Vorobiev L, Najajreh Y, Furman S, Zwas DR, Albeck A. Novel N-Acylethanolamide Derivatives Affect Body Weight and Energy Balance. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300212. [PMID: 37461813 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction - The obesity pandemic is multifactorial. Nutritional, pharmacologic and surgical interventions are limited in reach and efficacy, raising need for new therapeutics. Aims - Characterization of anorexigenic and cognitive effect and central mechanism of action of novel N-acylethanolamide derivatives. Methods - Sabra mice divided to similar experimental groups, injected IP with: oleyl-L-leucinolamide (1 A), linoleyl-L-leucinolamide (4 A), linoleyl-L-valinolamide (5 A), oleyl-oxycarbonyl-L-valinolamide (1 B), oleyl-oxycarbonyl-D-valinolamide (2 B), oleylamine-carbonyl-L-valinolamide (3 B), oleylamine-carbonyl-D-valinolamide (4 B), and oleyl-L-hydroxyvalineamide (5 B). Control group with vehicle. Body weight and food consumption followed for 39 days. Motor activity and cognitive function by open field test and eight-arm maze. Mice sacrificed and mechanism of action investigated by qPCR. The genes analyzed involved in energy balance and regulation of appetite. Catecholamines and serotonin evaluated. Results - Compounds 1 A, 5 A, 1 B-4 B, caused significant weight loss of 4.2-5.6 % and 5 A, 1 B-4 B, improved cognitive function following 8 i. p. injections of 1 mg/kg during 39 days, by different mechanisms. 5 A, 3 B and 4 B decreased food consumption, whereas 1 A, 5 A and 2 B increased motor activity. 1 A, 4 A, 1 B and 3 B elevated SIRT-1, associated with survival. POMC upregulated by 1 B and 2 B, CART by 1 B, 2 B and 1 A. NPY and CAMKK2 downregulated by 5 A. 4 B enhanced 5-HT levels. 4 A, 5 A, 1 B, 4 B, 5 B decreased FAAH, showing long lasting effect. Conclusions - These new compounds might be developed for the treatment of obesity and for improved cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosefa Avraham
- Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, P.O.Box 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elliot M Berry
- Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, P.O.Box 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Merchavia
- Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, P.O.Box 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lia Vorobiev
- Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, P.O.Box 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yousef Najajreh
- Anticancer Drugs Research lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Abu-Dies, P.O.Box 20002, Jerusalem, Palestinian Authority
| | - Svetlana Furman
- The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Donna R Zwas
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Heart Institute, Hadassah University Medical Center, P.O.Box 12000, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Albeck
- The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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2
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Sosa Ponce ML, Remedios MH, Moradi-Fard S, Cobb JA, Zaremberg V. SIR telomere silencing depends on nuclear envelope lipids and modulates sensitivity to a lysolipid. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206061. [PMID: 37042812 PMCID: PMC10103788 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is important in maintaining genome organization. The role of lipids in communication between the NE and telomere regulation was investigated, including how changes in lipid composition impact gene expression and overall nuclear architecture. Yeast was treated with the non-metabolizable lysophosphatidylcholine analog edelfosine, known to accumulate at the perinuclear ER. Edelfosine induced NE deformation and disrupted telomere clustering but not anchoring. Additionally, the association of Sir4 at telomeres decreased. RNA-seq analysis showed altered expression of Sir-dependent genes located at sub-telomeric (0-10 kb) regions, consistent with Sir4 dispersion. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that two lipid metabolic circuits were activated in response to edelfosine, one mediated by the membrane sensing transcription factors, Spt23/Mga2, and the other by a transcriptional repressor, Opi1. Activation of these transcriptional programs resulted in higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids and the formation of nuclear lipid droplets. Interestingly, cells lacking Sir proteins displayed resistance to unsaturated-fatty acids and edelfosine, and this phenotype was connected to Rap1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Moradi-Fard
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Cobb
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Vanina Zaremberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Mohseni R, Teimouri M, Safaei M, Arab Sadeghabadi Z. AMP-activated protein kinase is a key regulator of obesity-associated factors. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:20-32. [PMID: 36468539 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure leads to obesity. Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of several metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. So, controlling obesity could be effective in the improvement of obesity-related diseases. Various factors are involved in obesity, such as AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK), silent information regulators, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress parameters, gastrointestinal hormones, adipokines, angiopoietin-like proteins, and microRNAs. These factors play an important role in obesity by controlling fat metabolism, energy homeostasis, food intake, and insulin sensitivity. AMPK is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein kinase known as a fuel-sensing enzyme. The central role of AMPK in obesity makes it an attractive molecule to target obesity and related metabolic diseases. In this review, the critical role of AMPK in obesity and the interplay between AMPK and obesity-associated factors were elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Mohseni
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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4
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Abstract
Metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, are a major threat to health in the modern world, but efforts to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop rational treatments are limited by the lack of appropriate human model systems. Notably, advances in stem cell and organoid technology allow the generation of cellular models that replicate the histological, molecular and physiological properties of human organs. Combined with marked improvements in gene editing tools, human stem cells and organoids provide unprecedented systems for studying mechanisms of metabolic diseases. Here, we review progress made over the past decade in the generation and use of stem cell-derived metabolic cell types and organoids in metabolic disease research, especially obesity and liver diseases. In particular, we discuss the limitations of animal models and the advantages of stem cells and organoids, including their application to metabolic diseases. We also discuss mechanisms of drug action, understanding the efficacy and toxicity of existing therapies, screening for new treatments and pursuing personalized therapies. We highlight the potential of combining stem cell-derived organoids with gene editing and functional genomics to revolutionize the approach to finding treatments for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Hu
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong, China.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Heindel JJ, Howard S, Agay-Shay K, Arrebola JP, Audouze K, Babin PJ, Barouki R, Bansal A, Blanc E, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Chevalier N, Choudhury M, Collier D, Connolly L, Coumoul X, Garruti G, Gilbertson M, Hoepner LA, Holloway AC, Howell G, Kassotis CD, Kay MK, Kim MJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Langouet S, Legrand A, Li Z, Le Mentec H, Lind L, Monica Lind P, Lustig RH, Martin-Chouly C, Munic Kos V, Podechard N, Roepke TA, Sargis RM, Starling A, Tomlinson CR, Touma C, Vondracek J, Vom Saal F, Blumberg B. Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115015. [PMID: 35395240 PMCID: PMC9124454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. The prevailing view is that obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure caused by overeating and insufficient exercise. We describe another environmental element that can alter the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure: obesogens. Obesogens are a subset of environmental chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors affecting metabolic endpoints. The obesogen hypothesis posits that exposure to endocrine disruptors and other chemicals can alter the development and function of the adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and brain, thus changing the set point for control of metabolism. Obesogens can determine how much food is needed to maintain homeostasis and thereby increase the susceptibility to obesity. The most sensitive time for obesogen action is in utero and early childhood, in part via epigenetic programming that can be transmitted to future generations. This review explores the evidence supporting the obesogen hypothesis and highlights knowledge gaps that have prevented widespread acceptance as a contributor to the obesity pandemic. Critically, the obesogen hypothesis changes the narrative from curing obesity to preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA.
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA
| | - Keren Agay-Shay
- Health and Environment Research (HER) Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Juan P Arrebola
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Karine Audouze
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, Paris France
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cote d'Azur, Cote d'Azur, France
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Alison C Holloway
- McMaster University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamilton, Ontario, CA, USA
| | - George Howell
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mathew K Kay
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Langouet
- Univ Rennes, INSERM EHESP, IRSET UMR_5S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Zhuorui Li
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Normand Podechard
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Il 60612, USA
| | - Anne Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Charbel Touma
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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6
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Charążka B, Siejka A. Correlations between serum sirtuin levels and cardiovascular risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:123-128. [PMID: 35134601 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic complications often related to obesity, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases, which modulate protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), gene transcription, increase repairing activities of DNA, and regulate metabolic processes. The aim of our study was to measure the serum levels of SIRTs 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7, and evaluate correlations between SIRTs levels and cardiovascular risk factors in women with PCOS. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 54 women with PCOS and 33 healthy volunteers. Concentrations of SIRTs were measured by ELISA technique. RESULTS Mean serum levels of SIRTs did not differ significantly between PCOS and controls. SIRTs 1, 2, and 6 positively correlated with HDL, while SIRTs 2 and 6 negatively correlated with LDL cholesterol. Negative correlation between SIRT 3 and HOMA-IR and negative correlations of SIRT 1 and 2 with insulin 120' in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were demonstrated. A positive correlation between BMI and SIRT 7 concentration, and a positive correlation between body weight and SIRT 7 concentration were verified in the study group. The observed correlations between concentrations of SIRTs and metabolic parameters may indicate the involvement of these factors in the development of cardiometabolic complications. CONCLUSIONS The results may indicate the involvement of SIRTs in the development of cardiometabolic complications. However, additional studies are required to validate this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Charążka
- Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic, Central Teaching Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Siejka
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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7
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Obesity and Male Reproduction: Do Sirtuins Play a Role? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020973. [PMID: 35055159 PMCID: PMC8779691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major current public health problem of global significance. A progressive sperm quality decline, and a decline in male fertility, have been reported in recent decades. Several studies have reported a strict relationship between obesity and male reproductive dysfunction. Among the many mechanisms by which obesity impairs male gonadal function, sirtuins (SIRTs) have an emerging role. SIRTs are highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases that play a role in gene regulation, metabolism, aging, and cancer. SIRTs regulate the energy balance, the lipid balance, glucose metabolism, and adipogenesis, but current evidence also indicates a role for SIRTs in male reproduction. However, the majority of the studies have been conducted in animal models and very few have been conducted with humans. This review shows that SIRTs play an important role among the molecular mechanisms by which obesity interferes with male fertility. This highlights the need to deepen this relationship. It will be of particular interest to evaluate whether synthetic and/or natural compounds capable of modifying the activity of SIRTs may also be useful for the treatment of obesity and its effects on gonadal function. Although few studies have explored the role of SIRT activators in obesity-induced male infertility, some molecules, such as resveratrol, appear to be effective in modulating SIRT activity, as well as counteracting the negative effects of obesity on male fertility. The search for strategies to improve male reproductive function in overweight/obese patients is a challenge and understanding the role of SIRTs and their activators may open new interesting scenarios in the coming years.
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Mamdouh D, Shawky H, Moustafa El-Assaly N, El-Shishtawy S, Sherif N, Metwaly A, Mohamed Fteah A. Role of Transcription Factor 7 like 2 and Silent Information Regulator 1 Genes in the Development of Cardiovascular Complications in a Group of Egyptian Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sirtuins silent information regulator 1 (SIRT) is histone deacetylases that act as antioxidants and involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which are the major complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) genetic polymorphisms could contribute to the risk of CVD as TCF7L2 proteins regulate vascular remodeling.
AIM: We tried to demonstrate the role of genetic polymorphisms: rs7069102 and rs10823108 in SIRT1 gene and rs7903146 in TCF7L2 gene in the development of CVD in CKD Egyptian patients.
METHODS: This study included 120 CKD patients (60 with CVD and 60 without CVD) and 60 age and sex-matched healthy subjects as a control group. Routine laboratory investigations were performed and genotyping for candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms was done by Taqman-real-time polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: The frequency of the C allele of rs7069102 was significantly higher in CKD patients with CVD as compared to the normal control group (p < 0.001) and as compared to CKD patients without CVD (p < 0.001). Percentages of AG and GG genotypes of rs10823108 were significantly higher in CKD patients with CVD as compared to the normal control group (p = 0.002, 0.035, respectively). The frequency of the T allele of rs7903146 was significantly higher in CKD patients with CVD as compared to the normal control group (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: We found that C allele of rs7069102, GG and AG genotypes of rs10823108 in the SIRT1 gene and T allele of rs7903146 in TCF7L2 gene have a potential role in the pathogenesis and the risk of CVD development in CKD Egyptian patients.
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Abstract
As obesity continues a relentless march across the globe, researchers are beginning to unlock the complicated interplay among obesity, its ensuing inflammation, and downstream complications. It is becoming clear that obesity is a chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease of maladaptive adipose tissue mass involving complex links among genetics, hormonal-signaling, and the environment. Understanding the intricate pathogenesis of obesity and its sequela will go a long way to discovering better treatment options and lessen anti-obesity bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kessler
- Metabolic Medicine Associates, 6315 Vista Court, King George, VA 22485, USA.
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10
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Oldfield CJ, Moffatt TL, O'Hara KA, Xiang B, Dolinsky VW, Duhamel TA. Muscle-specific sirtuin 3 overexpression does not attenuate the pathological effects of high-fat/high-sucrose feeding but does enhance cardiac SERCA2a activity. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14961. [PMID: 34405591 PMCID: PMC8371348 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease are linked to an unhealthy diet. Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium (Ca2+ ) ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) controls cardiac function by transporting Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes. SERCA2a is altered by diet and acetylation, independently; however, it is unknown if diet alters cardiac SERCA2a acetylation. Sirtuin (SIRT) 3 is an enzyme that might preserve health under conditions of macronutrient excess by modulating metabolism via regulating deacetylation of target proteins. Our objectives were to determine if muscle-specific SIRT3 overexpression attenuates the pathological effects of high fat-high sucrose (HFHS) feeding and if HFHS feeding alters cardiac SERCA2a acetylation. We also determined if SIRT3 alters cardiac SERCA2a acetylation and regulates cardiac SERCA2a activity. C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice and MCK-mSIRT3-M1-Flag transgenic (SIRT3TG ) mice, overexpressing SIRT3 in cardiac and skeletal muscle, were fed a standard-diet or a HFHS-diet for 4 months. SIRT3TG and WT mice developed obesity, glucose intolerance, cardiac dysfunction, and pathological cardiac remodeling after 4 months of HFHS feeding, indicating muscle-specific SIRT3 overexpression does not attenuate the pathological effects of HFHS-feeding. Overall cardiac lysine acetylation was increased by 63% in HFHS-fed mice (p = 0.022), though HFHS feeding did not alter cardiac SERCA2a acetylation. Cardiac SERCA2a acetylation was not altered by SIRT3 overexpression, whereas SERCA2a Vmax was 21% higher in SIRT3TG (p = 0.039) than WT mice. This suggests that SIRT3 overexpression enhanced cardiac SERCA2a activity without direct SERCA2a deacetylation. Muscle-specific SIRT3 overexpression may not prevent the complications associated with an unhealthy diet in mice, but it appears to enhance SERCA2a activity in the mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Oldfield
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation ManagementUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Teri L. Moffatt
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation ManagementUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Kimberley A. O'Hara
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMax Rady College of MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Vernon W. Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMax Rady College of MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Todd A. Duhamel
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation ManagementUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
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11
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Genomics of aging: The role of sirtuin and metabolic health. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2021; 33:345-347. [PMID: 33930006 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Healthy aging is not the result of a single factor. Genes, dietary choices/options, exercise, and environmental exposures all play a role. A family of seven nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent sirtuin proteins are very involved in various metabolic functions, such as glucose and fat regulation, and polymorphisms in these genes have been associated with the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and longevity. Nutraceuticals (i.e., resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol, and curcumin) and other therapies (i.e., synthetic sirtuin-activating compounds, NAD, nicotinamide mononucleotide) are all being explored as in potential therapies in the sirtuin pathway and point to promising treatments to promote metabolic health and reduce obesity and age-related disease. For the clinician looking to reduce the risk of age-related metabolic disorders, evidence points to these supplements and appropriate food choices as the next generation of pharmaceutical grade therapies continue to be researched for human use.
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Sridevi V, Naveen P, Karnam VS, Reddy PR, Arifullah M. Beneficiary and Adverse Effects of Phytoestrogens: A Potential Constituent of Plant-based Diet. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:802-815. [PMID: 32942973 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999200917154747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens are non-endocrine, non-steroidal secondary derivatives of plants and consumed through a plant-based diet also named as "dietary estrogens". The major sources of phytoestrogens are soy and soy-based foods, flaxseed, chickpeas, green beans, dairy products, etc. The dietary inclusion of phytoestrogen based foods plays a crucial role in the maintenance of metabolic syndrome cluster, including obesity, diabetes, blood pressure, cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, postmenopausal ailments and their complications. In recent days, phytoestrogens are the preferred molecules for hormone replacement therapy. On the other hand, they act as endocrine disruptors via estrogen receptor-mediated pathways. These effects are not restricted to adult males or females and identified even in development. OBJECTIVE Since phytoestrogenic occurrence is high at daily meals for most people worldwide, they focused to study for its beneficiary effects towards developing pharmaceutical drugs for treating various metabolic disorders by observing endocrine disruption. CONCLUSION The present review emphasizes the pros and cons of phytoestrogens on human health, which may help to direct the pharmaceutical industry to produce various phytoestrongen based drugs against various metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaadala Sridevi
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | - Ponneri Naveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | | | - Pamuru R Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | - Mohammed Arifullah
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture (IFSSA) & Faculty of Agrobased Industry (FIAT), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Campus Jeli, Locked Bag 100, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
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13
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Longo M, Paolini E, Meroni M, Dongiovanni P. Remodeling of Mitochondrial Plasticity: The Key Switch from NAFLD/NASH to HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4173. [PMID: 33920670 PMCID: PMC8073183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Currently, the global burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has dramatically overcome both viral and alcohol hepatitis, thus becoming the main cause of HCC incidence. NAFLD pathogenesis is severely influenced by lifestyle and genetic predisposition. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that may adapt in response to environment, genetics and epigenetics in the liver ("mitochondrial plasticity"). Mounting evidence highlights that mitochondrial dysfunction due to loss of mitochondrial flexibility may arise before overt NAFLD, and from the early stages of liver injury. Mitochondrial failure promotes not only hepatocellular damage, but also release signals (mito-DAMPs), which trigger inflammation and fibrosis, generating an adverse microenvironment in which several hepatocytes select anti-apoptotic programs and mutations that may allow survival and proliferation. Furthermore, one of the key events in malignant hepatocytes is represented by the remodeling of glucidic-lipidic metabolism combined with the reprogramming of mitochondrial functions, optimized to deal with energy demand. In sum, this review will discuss how mitochondrial defects may be translated into causative explanations of NAFLD-driven HCC, emphasizing future directions for research and for the development of potential preventive or curative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (E.P.); (M.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Paolini
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (E.P.); (M.M.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (E.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (E.P.); (M.M.)
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Maldonado M, Chen J, Duan H, Huang T, Jiang G, Zhong Y. High calorie diet background alters the expression of sirtuins in the testes of mice under caloric restriction. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Jakab J, Miškić B, Mikšić Š, Juranić B, Ćosić V, Schwarz D, Včev A. Adipogenesis as a Potential Anti-Obesity Target: A Review of Pharmacological Treatment and Natural Products. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:67-83. [PMID: 33447066 PMCID: PMC7802907 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s281186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a severe threat to overall human health and is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Abnormal expansion of white adipose tissue involves increasing the existing adipocytes' cell size or increasing the number through the differentiation of new adipocytes. Adipogenesis is a process of proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte precursor cells in mature adipocytes. As a key process in determining the number of adipocytes, it is a possible therapeutic approach for obesity. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in adipogenesis that could serve as suitable therapeutic targets. Reducing bodyweight is regarded as a major health benefit. Limited efficacy and possible side effects and drug interactions of available anti-obesity treatment highlight a constant need for finding novel efficient and safe anti-obesity ingredients. Numerous studies have recently investigated the inhibitory effects of natural products on adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Possible anti-obesity effects of natural products include the induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest or delayed progression, and interference with transcription factor cascade or intracellular signaling pathways during the early phase of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jakab
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: Jelena Jakab Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, Osijek31 000, CroatiaTel +385 91 224 1502 Email
| | - Blaženka Miškić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital “Dr. Josip Benčević”, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Štefica Mikšić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Brankica Juranić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Ćosić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dragan Schwarz
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Special Hospital Radiochirurgia Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Včev
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Caon I, Parnigoni A, Viola M, Karousou E, Passi A, Vigetti D. Cell Energy Metabolism and Hyaluronan Synthesis. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:35-47. [PMID: 32623953 PMCID: PMC7780193 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420929772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a linear glycosaminoglycan (GAG) of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesized by three hyaluronan synthases (HASes) at the plasma membrane using uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) as substrates. The production of HA is mainly regulated by hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), that can be controlled at different levels, from epigenetics to transcriptional and post-translational modifications. HA biosynthesis is an energy-consuming process and, along with HA catabolism, is strongly connected to the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. The cytoplasmic pool of UDP-sugars is critical for HA synthesis. UDP-GlcNAc is an important nutrient sensor and serves as donor substrate for the O-GlcNAcylation of many cytosolic proteins, including HAS2. This post-translational modification stabilizes HAS2 in the membrane and increases HA production. Conversely, HAS2 can be phosphorylated by AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master metabolic regulator activated by low ATP/AMP ratios, which inhibits HA secretion. Similarly, HAS2 expression and the deposition of HA within the pericellular coat are inhibited by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), another important energetic sensor, confirming the tight connection between nutrients availability and HA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Caon
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Arianna Parnigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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de Oliveira DT, Guerra-Sá R. Uncovering epigenetic landscape: a new path for biomarkers identification and drug development. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9097-9122. [PMID: 33089404 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Scientific advances in recent decades have revealed an incredible degree of plasticity in gene expression in response to various environmental, nutritional, physiological, pathological, and behavioral conditions. Epigenetics emerges in this sense, as the link between the internal (genetic) and external (environmental) factors underlying the expression of the phenotype. Methylation of DNA and histone post-translationa modifications are canonical epigenetic events. Additionally, noncoding RNAs molecules (microRNAs and lncRNAs) have also been proposed as another layer of epigenetic regulation. Together, these events are responsible for regulating gene expression throughout life, controlling cellular fate in both normal and pathological development. Despite being a relatively recent science, epigenetics has been arousing the interest of researchers from different segments of the life sciences and the general public. This review highlights the recent advances in the characterization of the epigenetic events and points promising use of these brands for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of diseases. We also present several classes of epigenetic modifying compounds with therapeutic applications (so-call epidrugs) and their current status in clinical trials and approved by the FDA. In summary, hopefully, we provide the reader with theoretical bases for a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms and of the promising application of these marks and events in the medical clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Teixeira de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renata Guerra-Sá
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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18
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Camargo TF, Zanesco AM, Pacher KAS, Andrade TAM, Alves AA, do Amaral MEC. Physiological profile regulation during weight gain and loss by ovariectomized females: importance of SIRT1 and SIRT4. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E769-E778. [PMID: 32865007 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00465.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in menopausal women occurs because of the systemic effects of loss of ovarian function, resulting in increased body weight and oxidative stress. Caloric restriction (CR) is essential for weight loss, since it provides benefits associated with metabolic normalization resulting from the action of sirtuins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physiological effects of weight cycling in ovariectomized females. Females aged 2 mo (n = 8/group) were submitted to simulated surgery, ovariectomy (OVX group), and ovariectomy with weight fluctuation (WF group). In the WF group, weight cycling was performed two times, using 21 days of ad libitum commercial feed and 21 days of caloric restriction with 40% of the feed consumed by the OVX group. After 17 wk, the animals were evaluated experimentally. Weight fluctuations reduced triacylglycerol and the adipose tissue index of the WF animals, while increasing the expression of antioxidant proteins. In addition to causing fluctuations in the physiological parameters, the weight cycling led to increases of adipocyte number and serum fatty acids. These effects were reflected in increased expression of the sirtuin (SIRT) 1 and SIRT4 proteins, as well as protein complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, especially in the liver and adipose tissues. The weight-cycling results suggested that mitochondrial and nuclear sirtuins were active in cellular signaling for the control of lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and redox status. Weight cycling was able to restore the health characteristics of lean animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Furtado Camargo
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, FHO/UNIARARAS, Araras, Sãu Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariane Maria Zanesco
- College of Biomedicine, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, Araras, Sãu Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kayo Augusto Salandin Pacher
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, FHO/UNIARARAS, Araras, Sãu Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Kuryłowicz A, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M. Induction of Adipose Tissue Browning as a Strategy to Combat Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176241. [PMID: 32872317 PMCID: PMC7504355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing obesity pandemic generates a constant need to develop new therapeutic strategies to restore the energy balance. Therefore, the concept of activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) in order to increase energy expenditure has been revived. In mammals, two developmentally distinct types of brown adipocytes exist; the classical or constitutive BAT that arises during embryogenesis, and the beige adipose tissue that is recruited postnatally within white adipose tissue (WAT) in the process called browning. Research of recent years has significantly increased our understanding of the mechanisms involved in BAT activation and WAT browning. They also allowed for the identification of critical molecules and critical steps of both processes and, therefore, many new therapeutic targets. Several non-pharmacological approaches, as well as chemical compounds aiming at the induction of WAT browning and BAT activation, have been tested in vitro as well as in animal models of genetically determined and/or diet-induced obesity. The therapeutic potential of some of these strategies has also been tested in humans. In this review, we summarize present concepts regarding potential therapeutic targets in the process of BAT activation and WAT browning and available strategies aiming at them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-226086591; Fax: +48-226086410
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Ziman B, Karabinis P, Barghouth P, Oviedo NJ. Sirtuin-1 regulates organismal growth by altering feeding behavior and intestinal morphology in planarians. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239467. [PMID: 32265271 PMCID: PMC7272345 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient availability upon feeding leads to an increase in body size in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea However, it remains unclear how food consumption integrates with cell division at the organismal level. Here, we show that the NAD-dependent protein deacetylases sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved in planarians, and specifically demonstrate that the homolog of human sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) (encoded by Smed-Sirt-1), regulates organismal growth by impairing both feeding behavior and intestinal morphology. Disruption of Smed-Sirt-1 with RNAi or pharmacological inhibition of Sirtuin-1 leads to reduced animal growth. Conversely, enhancement of Sirtuin-1 activity with resveratrol accelerates growth. Differences in growth rates were associated with changes in the amount of time taken to locate food and overall food consumption. Furthermore, Smed-Sirt-1(RNAi) animals displayed reduced cell death and increased stem cell proliferation accompanied by impaired expression of intestinal lineage progenitors and reduced branching of the gut. Taken together, our findings indicate that Sirtuin-1 is a crucial metabolic hub capable of controlling animal behavior, tissue renewal and morphogenesis of the adult intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ziman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Peter Karabinis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Paul Barghouth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Néstor J Oviedo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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21
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Tagliari CFDS, de Oliveira CN, Vogel GM, da Silva PB, Linden R, Lazzaretti RK, Notti RK, Sprinz E, Mattevi VS. Investigation of SIRT1 gene variants in HIV-associated lipodystrophy and metabolic syndrome. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190142. [PMID: 32106282 PMCID: PMC7198015 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected individuals on chronic use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are more likely to develop adipose tissue and metabolic disorders, such as lipodystrophy (LD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The development of these phenotypes is known to be multifactorial. Thus, variants in genes implicated in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism may increase susceptibility to LD and MetS. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) may influence the outcome of these disturbances due to its role in the regulation of transcription factors involved in energy regulation. Therefore, we genotyped four polymorphisms located in SIRT1 (rs2273773 T>C, rs12413112 G>A, rs7895833 A>G, rs12049646 T>C) in 832 HIV-infected patients receiving HAART by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of LD was 55.8% and MetS was 35.3%. Lipoatrophy was the most prevalent subtype in all samples (38.0%) and showed significant difference between white and non-white individuals (P = 0.002). None of the genetic variants investigated in SIRT1 was associated with LD and MetS. White individuals and those in longer time of HAART use were more likely to develop LD. We concluded that these SIRT1 polymorphisms are not predictive factors to the development of lipodystrophy and metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected individuals from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cáren Nunes de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Greice Meyer Vogel
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Baptista da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Universidade Feevale, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosmeri Kuhmmer Lazzaretti
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Regina Kuhmmer Notti
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Suñé Mattevi
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Kuryłowicz A, Cąkała-Jakimowicz M, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M. Targeting Abdominal Obesity and Its Complications with Dietary Phytoestrogens. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020582. [PMID: 32102233 PMCID: PMC7071386 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the assessment of the health risk of an obese individual, both the amount of adipose tissue and its distribution and metabolic activity are essential. In adults, the distribution of adipose tissue differs in a gender-dependent manner and is regulated by sex steroids, especially estrogens. Estrogens affect adipocyte differentiation but are also involved in the regulation of the lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory activity of the adipose tissue. Their deficiency results in unfavorable changes in body composition and increases the risk of metabolic complications, which can be partially reversed by hormone replacement therapy. Therefore, the idea of the supplementation of estrogen-like compounds to counteract obesity and related complications is compelling. Phytoestrogens are natural plant-derived dietary compounds that resemble human estrogens in their chemical structure and biological activity. Supplementation with phytoestrogens may confer a range of beneficial effects. However, results of studies on the influence of phytoestrogens on body composition and prevalence of obesity are inconsistent. In this review, we present data from in vitro, animal, and human studies regarding the role of phytoestrogens in adipose tissue development and function in the context of their potential application in the prevention of visceral obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48226086591; Fax: +48226086410
| | - Marta Cąkała-Jakimowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826, Warsaw, Poland
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Pratt R, Lakhani HV, Zehra M, Desauguste R, Pillai SS, Sodhi K. Mechanistic Insight of Na/K-ATPase Signaling and HO-1 into Models of Obesity and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010087. [PMID: 31877680 PMCID: PMC6982200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifaceted pathophysiological condition that has been associated with lipid accumulation, adipocyte dysfunction, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and an altered metabolic profile. Redox imbalance and excessive release of inflammatory mediators have been intricately linked in obesity-associated phenotypes. Hence, understanding the mechanisms of redox signaling pathways and molecular targets exacerbating oxidative stress is crucial in improving health outcomes. The activation of Na/K-ATPase/Src signaling, and its downstream pathways, by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been recently implicated in obesity and subsequent nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which causes further production of ROS creating an oxidant amplification loop. Apart from that, numerous studies have also characterized antioxidant properties of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which is suppressed in an obese state. The induction of HO-1 restores cellular redox processes, which contributes to inhibition of the toxic milieu. The novelty of these independent mechanisms presents a unique opportunity to unravel their potential as molecular targets for redox regulation in obesity and NASH. The attenuation of oxidative stress, by understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and associated mediators, with a targeted treatment modality may provide for improved therapeutic options to combat clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Komal Sodhi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(304)-691-1704; Fax: +1-(914)-347-4956
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Establishment of reference values for the lysine acetylation marker Nɛ-acetyllysine in small volume human plasma samples by a multi-target LC–MS/MS method. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1259-1271. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shafieian Z, Bahari G, Hashemi M, Nakhaee A. SIRT1 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Urinary Bladder Cancer in an Iranian Population. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 8:194-199. [PMID: 31832445 PMCID: PMC6844609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible association between silent information regulator of transcription 1 gene (SIRT 1) polymorphisms and risk of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) in an Iranian population. METHODS The SIRT1 polymorphisms rs3758391 T/C and rs369274325 G/A were evaluated in 120 Iranian bladder cancer patients and 118 healthy individuals as the control group. The SIRT1 rs369274325 G/A and rs3758391 T/C polymorphisms were genotyped using tetra-primer ARMS PCR and PCR-RFLP methods, respectively. RESULTS The SIRT1 rs3758391 TT genotype occurred significantly more frequently in the UBC patients than in the controls (13.3 vs. 1.7%) in both the additive and recessive models due to a significant difference in either of additive (TT vs. CC; OR= 9.529, P = 0.003) or recessive models (TT vs. CC + CT genotype; OR= 8.923, P = 0.002). Also, for rs369274325, the AG genotype was found in a significantly greater percentage of UBC patients than in controls (75.8 vs. 43.2%, respectively, P < 0.0001. CONCLUSION Our preliminary study suggests that SIRT1 rs3758391 T/C and rs369274325 G/A polymorphisms may confer an increased risk of bladder cancer in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shafieian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Bahari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Nakhaee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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Eren G, Bruno A, Guntekin-Ergun S, Cetin-Atalay R, Ozgencil F, Ozkan Y, Gozelle M, Kaya SG, Costantino G. Pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening studies to identify novel selective SIRT2 inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 89:60-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chromone-3-aldehyde derivatives – sirtuin 2 inhibitors for correction of muscular dysfunction. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2019-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate experimentally, the myoprotective effect of new chromone-3-aldehyde derivatives in conditions of muscular dysfunction and to establish a potential mechanism of myoprotective activity – the blockade of the function of sirutin 2. Materials and methods. The effect of new chromone-3-aldehyde derivatives on the development of muscular dysfunction under the conditions of an electromiostimulation test, was studied. The degree of muscle fatigue was evaluated in the «grip-strength» and through test biochemical assays (determination of the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, concentration of lactic and pyruvic acids, creatinine, myoglobin, and total protein) to determine the possible mechanism of action of the test compounds (5 new derivatives of chromone-3-aldehyde) and their effect on the function of sirtuin 2 was evaluated.
Results. The study showed that chromone-3-aldehyde derivatives have a pronounced myoprotective effect associated with low toxicity (class 5 toxicity according to the GHS classification), which was confirmed by the results of the «grip-strength» test and biochemical tests data. Test compounds under the X3AC1, X3AOAC and X3AN codes evince sirtuin 2 inhibitory activity, which was reflected in a decrease in its concentration by 63.6% (p <0.05); 130.2% (p <0.05) and 218.8% (p <0.05).
Conclusion. The study showed that chromone-3-aldehyde derivatives are promising subjects for further study with the goal of creating a drug with a high myoprotective effect and an optimal safety profile.
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Hsu YC, Wu YT, Tsai CL, Wei YH. Current understanding and future perspectives of the roles of sirtuins in the reprogramming and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 243:563-575. [PMID: 29557214 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218759636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, there are seven members of the sirtuin protein family (SIRT1-7). SIRT1, SIRT6, and SIRT7 catalyze posttranslational modification of proteins in the nucleus, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are in the mitochondria and SIRT2 is in the cytosol. SIRT1 can deacetylate the transcription factor SOX2 and regulate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogramming through the miR-34a-SIRT1-p53 axis. SIRT2 can regulate the function of pluripotent stem cells through GSK3β. SIRT3 can positively regulate PPAR gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) expression during the differentiation of stem cells. SIRT4 has no direct role in regulating reprogramming but may have the potential to prevent senescence of somatic cells and to facilitate the reprogramming of iPSCs. SIRT5 can deacetylate STAT3, which is an important transcription factor in regulating pluripotency and differentiation of stem cells. SIRT6 can enhance the reprogramming efficiency of iPSCs from aged skin fibroblasts through miR-766 and increase the expression levels of the reprogramming genes including Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog through acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56. SIRT7 plays a regulatory role in the process of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), which has been suggested to be a crucial process in the generation of iPSCs from fibroblasts. In this review, we summarize recent findings of the roles of sirtuins in the metabolic reprogramming and differentiation of stem cells and discuss the bidirectional changes in the gene expression and activities of sirtuins in the commitment of differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSCs, respectively. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of the interplay between different sirtuins and mitochondrial function will provide new insights into the regulation of differentiation of stem cells and iPSCs formation, respectively, and may help design effective stem cell therapies for regenerative medicine. Impact statement This is an extensive review of the recent advances in our understanding of the roles of some members of the sirtuins family, such as SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, and SIRT6, in the regulation of intermediary metabolism during stem cell differentiation and in the reprogramming of somatic cells to form induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This article provides an updated integrated view on the mechanisms by which sirtuins-mediated posttranslational protein modifications regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics, and antioxidant defense in the maintenance and differentiation of stem cells and in iPSCs formation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hsu
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 145474 Mackay Medical College , New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.,*These two authors made equal contributions
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- 2 Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500, Taiwan.,*These two authors made equal contributions
| | - Chia-Ling Tsai
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 145474 Mackay Medical College , New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 145474 Mackay Medical College , New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.,2 Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500, Taiwan
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Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Papapoulos SE. Clinical advantages and disadvantages of anabolic bone therapies targeting the WNT pathway. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:605-623. [PMID: 30181608 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The WNT signalling pathway is a key regulator of bone metabolism, particularly bone formation, which has helped to define the role of osteocytes - the most abundant bone cells - as orchestrators of bone remodelling. Several molecules involved in the control of the WNT signalling pathway have been identified as potential targets for the development of bone-building therapeutics for patients with osteoporosis. Several of these molecules have been investigated in animal models, but only inhibitors of sclerostin (which is produced by osteocytes) have been investigated in phase III clinical studies. Here, we review the rationale for these developments and the specificity and potential off-target actions of WNT-based therapeutics. We also describe the available preclinical and clinical studies and discuss the benefits and risks of using sclerostin inhibitors for the management of patients with osteoporosis.
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Totomoch-Serra A, Muñoz MDL, Burgueño J, Revilla-Monsalve MC, Diaz-Badillo A. Association of common polymorphisms in the VEGFA and SIRT1 genes with type 2 diabetes-related traits in Mexicans. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:1361-1373. [PMID: 30393491 PMCID: PMC6209716 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.74757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic variants have been replicated for association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and many of them with diabetes-related traits. Because T2D is highly prevalent in Mexico, this study aimed to test the association of CDKN2A/B, PPARGC1A, VEGFA, SIRT1 and UCP2 gene polymorphisms (rs10811661, rs8192678, rs2010963, rs7896005 and rs659366 respectively) with metabolic traits in 415 unrelated Mexican mestizos with T2D under three models of inheritance. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 415 unrelated Mexican mestizos were genotyped by TaqMan assays. Triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin and anthropometric measurements were determined and the HOMA-IR was calculated. Association studies were tested by the Kruskal-Wallis test, linear regression, statistical power analysis, Bonferroni correction, paired SNP analysis, and physical interaction by GeneMANIA. RESULTS All polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the association by genotype with T2D-related traits displayed nominal significance for rs8192678 with glucose (p = 0.023) and triglycerides (p = 0.013); rs2010963 with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = 0.012) and cholesterol (p = 0.013); rs7896005 with DBP (p = 0.012) and insulin (p = 0.011); and rs659366 with cholesterol (p = 0.034), glucose (p = 0.031) and triglycerides (p = 0.028); and the association of rs2010963 with HDL-C (p = 0.0007) was significant. Linear regression performed with three models of inheritance, adjusted by age + sex + BMI and corrected with Bonferroni, showed a significant association of rs2010963 with HDL-C in an additive model (p = 0.007); and rs7896005 was significantly associated with DBP in the recessive model (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Rigorous analysis evidenced the association of VEGFA rs2010963 and SIRT1 rs7896005 with HDL-C and DBP respectively; these traits are known predictors of cardiovascular complications, which increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Burgueño
- Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Alvaro Diaz-Badillo
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute (STDOI), School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Mexico, Mexico
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Abstract
Propose Obesity is a fast growing epidemic worldwide. During obesity, the increase in adipose tissue mass arise from two different mechanisms, namely, hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Hyperplasia which is the increase in adipocyte number is characteristic of severe obese patients. Recently, there has been much interest in targeting adipogenesis as therapeutic strategy against obesity. Flavonoids have been shown to regulate several pathways and affect a number of molecular targets during specific stages of adipocyte development. Methods Presently, we provide a review of key studies evaluating the effects of dietary flavonoids in different stages of adipocyte development with a particular emphasis on the investigations that explore the underlying mechanisms of action of these compounds in human or animal cell lines as well as animal models. Results Flavonoids have been shown to regulate several pathways and affect a number of molecular targets during specific stages of adipocyte development. Although most of the studies reveal anti-adipogenic effect of flavonoids, some flavonoids demonstrated proadipogenic effect in mesenchymal stem cells or preadipocytes. Conclusion The anti-adipogenic effect of flavonoids is mainly via their effect on regulation of several pathways such as induction of apoptosis, suppression of key adipogenic transcription factors, activation of AMPK and Wnt pathways, inhibition of clonal expansion, and cell-cycle arrest.
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