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Hamidi SH, Etebar N, Rahimzadegan M, Zali A, Roodsari SR, Niknazar S. Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in multiple sclerosis disease: from paper to practice. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1643-1671. [PMID: 38977625 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Current medicines are not sufficient to control the inflammation and progressive damage to the CNS that is known in MS. These drawbacks highlight the need for novel treatment options. Cell therapy can now be used to treat complex diseases when conventional therapies are ineffective. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a diverse group of multipotential non-hematopoietic stromal cells which have immunomodulatory, neurogenesis, and remyelinating capacity. Their advantageous effects mainly rely on paracrine, cell-cell communication and differentiation properties which introduced them as excellent candidates for MS therapy. Exosomes, as one of the MSCs secretomes, have unique properties that make them highly promising candidates for innovative approach in regenerative medicine. This review discusses the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their derived exosomes as a novel treatment for MS, highlighting the differences between these two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hootan Hamidi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Acharya BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Bachelor of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - Negar Etebar
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | - Milad Rahimzadegan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rahmati Roodsari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Niknazar
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Gao M, Guo H, Dong X, Wang Z, Yang Z, Shang Q, Wang Q. Regulation of inflammation during wound healing: the function of mesenchymal stem cells and strategies for therapeutic enhancement. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345779. [PMID: 38425646 PMCID: PMC10901993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A wound takes a long time to heal and involves several steps. Following tissue injury, inflammation is the primary cause of tissue regeneration and repair processes. As a result, the pathophysiological processes involving skin damage, healing, and remodeling depend critically on the control of inflammation. The fact that it is a feasible target for improving the prognosis of wound healing has lately become clear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an innovative and effective therapeutic option for wound healing due to their immunomodulatory and paracrine properties. By controlling the inflammatory milieu of wounds through immunomodulation, transplanted MSCs have been shown to speed up the healing process. In addition to other immunomodulatory mechanisms, including handling neutrophil activity and modifying macrophage polarization, there may be modifications to the activation of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). Furthermore, several studies have shown that pretreating MSCs improves their ability to modulate immunity. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge about how MSCs influence local inflammation in wounds by influencing immunity to facilitate the healing process. We also provide an overview of MSCs optimizing techniques when used to treat wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiying Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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3
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Taeb S, Rostamzadeh D, Mafi S, Mofatteh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Safari A, Khodamoradi E, Najafi M. Update on Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Crucial Player in Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:98-113. [PMID: 36573062 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221226143814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy has spread, and it has made tremendous progress with the advancement of new technology. Immunotherapy, which serves to assist the natural defenses of the body in eradicating cancerous cells, is a remarkable achievement that has revolutionized both cancer research and cancer treatments. Currently, the use of stem cells in immunotherapy is widespread and shares a special characteristic, including cancer cell migration, bioactive component release, and immunosuppressive activity. In the context of cancer, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are rapidly being identified as vital stromal regulators of tumor progression. MSCs therapy has been implicated in treating a wide range of diseases, including bone damage, autoimmune diseases, and particularly hematopoietic abnormalities, providing stem cell-based therapy with an extra dimension. Moreover, the implication of MSCs does not have ethical concerns, and the complications known in pluripotent and totipotent stem cells are less common in MSCs. MSCs have a lot of distinctive characteristics that, when coupled, make them excellent for cellular-based immunotherapy and as vehicles for gene and drug delivery in a variety of inflammations and malignancies. MSCs can migrate to the inflammatory site and exert immunomodulatory responses via cell-to-cell contacts with lymphocytes by generating soluble substances. In the current review, we discuss the most recent research on the immunological characteristics of MSCs, their use as immunomodulatory carriers, techniques for approving MSCs to adjust their immunological contour, and their usages as vehicles for delivering therapeutic as well as drugs and genes engineered to destroy tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sahar Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mofatteh
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
- Lincoln College, University of Oxford, Turl Street, Oxford OX1 3DR, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Safari
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Tolouei AE, Oruji F, Tehrani S, Rezaei S, Mozaffari A, Jahri M, Nasiri K. Gingival mesenchymal stem cell therapy, immune cells, and immunoinflammatory application. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10461-10469. [PMID: 37904011 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
MSC-based therapeutic strategies have proven to be incredibly effective. Robust self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and potential for tissue regeneration and disease treatments are all features of MSCs isolated from oral tissue. Human exfoliated deciduous teeth, dental follicles, dental pulp, apical papilla SCs, and alveolar bone are the primary sources of oral MSC production. The early immunoinflammatory response is the first stage of the healing process. Oral MSCs can interact with various cells, such as immune cells, revealing potential immunomodulatory regulators. They also have strong differentiation and regeneration potential. Therefore, a ground-breaking strategy would be to research novel immunomodulatory approaches for treating disease and tissue regeneration that depend on the immunomodulatory activities of oral MSCs during tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farshid Oruji
- College of Medicine, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sahar Tehrani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Rezaei
- Restorative Dentistry Resident, Faculty of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Asieh Mozaffari
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jahri
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Department of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Boukani LM, Khosroshahi RF, Kh SA, Rashtbar M, Khosroshahi AF. Statistical study of clinical trials with stem cells and their function in skin wound. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03793-3. [PMID: 37266728 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been known as a reliable and effective source to repair damaged tissues. The differentiation and self-renewal ability, easy access, immune system modulation capability, and important role in the process of repairing wounds have caused using these cells extensively in wound healing. In this review study, the role of MSCs is debated about different diseases especially in repairing skin wounds. This review article was obtained from 75 basic and trial articles on the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinical Trials databases between 2000 and 2022. MSCs are capable of migrating to the wound site and are effective in all stages of wound healing. These cells differentiate into skin cells and also inhibit inflammatory responses, proliferation, and differentiation cells through paracrine messages. They stimulate locally resident precursors, leading to angiogenesis, epithelial regeneration, and granular tissue formation. During maturation stages, these cells decrease fibrosis tissue formation and wound contraction and increase collagen expression and wound tensile strength. The molecular factors of the lesion site change function of these cells and cause MSCs to create a wound healing microenvironment instead of a fibrotic microenvironment. Currently, significant advances have been achieved in the delivery of MSCs to wound sites. These cells are injected intravenously or intradermally, with or without a scaffold. They are also used in the form of spray or hydrogels. Furthermore, the extracellular vesicles and the synergistic environment of these cells alone are effective. Forthcoming studies could lead to more effective treatment strategies for the use of MSCs in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Morteza Rashtbar
- Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Ferdowsi Khosroshahi
- Imam Reza General Hospital & Stem Cell Research, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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6
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Ma YH, Liang QY, Ding Y, Han I, Zeng X. Multimodal Repair of Spinal Cord Injury With Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Neurospine 2022; 19:616-629. [PMID: 36203288 PMCID: PMC9537826 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244272.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a result of a devastating injury to the central nervous system. Currently, there is no effective treatment available for these patients. The possible use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based treatment for SCI has been the focus of extensive investigations and is increasingly moving from the bench to bedside. Both experimental observations and clinical studies have shown the safety and efficacy of MSCs in managing SCI. However, the exact mechanism by which MSCs contribute to the repair of the injured spinal cord remains to be elucidated. In this review, we aim to summarize current research findings about the role of MSCs in improving complex pathology after SCI. MSCs exert a multimodal repair mechanism targeting multiple events in the secondary injury cascade. Our recent results showing the perineurium-like differentiation of surviving MSCs in the injured spinal cord may further the understanding of the fate of transplanted MSCs. These findings provide fundamental support for the clinical use of MSCs in SCI patients. Under experimental conditions, combining novel physical, chemical, and biological approaches led to significant improvements in the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. These findings hold promise for the future of cell-based clinical treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-huan Ma
- Guangzhou Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing-yue Liang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chengdu 7 th People’s Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Xiang Zeng
- National Institute of Stem Cell Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China,Corresponding Author Xiang Zeng National Institute of Stem Cell Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, #55, Nei Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
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Tamouza R, Volt F, Richard JR, Wu CL, Bouassida J, Boukouaci W, Lansiaux P, Cappelli B, Scigliuolo GM, Rafii H, Kenzey C, Mezouad E, Naamoune S, Chami L, Lejuste F, Farge D, Gluckman E. Possible Effect of the use of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:809686. [PMID: 35865626 PMCID: PMC9294632 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.809686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions defined by impaired social interactions and repetitive behaviors. The number of reported cases has increased over the past decades, and ASD is now a major public health burden. So far, only treatments to alleviate symptoms are available, with still unmet need for an effective disease treatment to reduce ASD core symptoms. Genetic predisposition alone can only explain a small fraction of the ASD cases. It has been reported that environmental factors interacting with specific inter-individual genetic background may induce immune dysfunctions and contribute to the incidence of ASD. Such dysfunctions can be observed at the central level, with increased microglial cells and activation in ASD brains or in the peripheral blood, as reflected by high circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, abnormal activation of T-cell subsets, presence of auto-antibodies and of dysregulated microbiota profiles. Altogether, the dysfunction of immune processes may result from immunogenetically-determined inefficient immune responses against a given challenge followed by chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. In this context, immunomodulatory therapies might offer a valid therapeutic option. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) immunoregulatory and immunosuppressive properties constitute a strong rationale for their use to improve ASD clinical symptoms. In vitro studies and pre-clinical models have shown that MSC can induce synapse formation and enhance synaptic function with consequent improvement of ASD-like symptoms in mice. In addition, two preliminary human trials based on the infusion of cord blood-derived MSC showed the safety and tolerability of the procedure in children with ASD and reported promising clinical improvement of core symptoms. We review herein the immune dysfunctions associated with ASD provided, the rationale for using MSC to treat patients with ASD and summarize the current available studies addressing this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryad Tamouza
- Translational Neuropsychiatry, INSERM, IMRB, DMU, AP-HP, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- *Correspondence: Ryad Tamouza,
| | - Fernanda Volt
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), Eurocord, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Romain Richard
- Translational Neuropsychiatry, INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Ching-Lien Wu
- Translational Neuropsychiatry, INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Jihène Bouassida
- Translational Neuropsychiatry, INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Wahid Boukouaci
- Translational Neuropsychiatry, INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Pauline Lansiaux
- Unité de Médecine Interne (UF 04), CRMR MATHEC, Maladies Auto-immunes et Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares D’Ile-de-France MATHEC, AP-HP, Hôpital St-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Cappelli
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), Eurocord, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Monacord, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Graziana Maria Scigliuolo
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), Eurocord, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Monacord, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Hanadi Rafii
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), Eurocord, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Kenzey
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), Eurocord, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Esma Mezouad
- Translational Neuropsychiatry, INSERM, IMRB, DMU, AP-HP, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Soumia Naamoune
- Translational Neuropsychiatry, INSERM, IMRB, DMU, AP-HP, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Leila Chami
- Translational Neuropsychiatry, INSERM, IMRB, DMU, AP-HP, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Florian Lejuste
- Translational Neuropsychiatry, INSERM, IMRB, DMU, AP-HP, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Dominique Farge
- Unité de Médecine Interne (UF 04), CRMR MATHEC, Maladies Auto-immunes et Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares D’Ile-de-France MATHEC, AP-HP, Hôpital St-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Eliane Gluckman
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), Eurocord, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Monacord, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
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Interferon-γ enhances the immunosuppressive ability of canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by activating the TLR3-dependent IDO/kynurenine pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8337-8347. [PMID: 35690960 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been considered to be vital for MSC-based therapies. Many works have been devoted to excavate effective strategies for enhancing the immunomodulation effect of MSCs. Nonetheless, canine MSC-mediated immunomodulation is still poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS The inflammatory microenvironment was simulated through the employment of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in a culture system. Compared with unstimulated cBMSCs, IFN-γ stimulation increased the mRNA levels of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), and simultaneously enhanced the secretion of immunosuppressive molecules, including interleukin (IL)-10, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and kynurenine in cBMSCs. IFN-γ stimulation significantly enhanced the ability of cBMSCs and their supernatant to suppress the proliferation of murine spleen lymphocytes. Lymphocyte subtyping evaluation revealed that cBMSCs and their supernatant diminished the percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes compared with the control group, with a decreasing CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Notably, exposure to IFN-γ decreased the CD4+/CD8+ ratio more effectively than unstimulated cells or supernatant. Additionally, IFN-γ-stimulation increased the mRNA levels of the Th1 cytokines TNF-α, and remarkably decreased the mRNA level of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 and IL-10. CONCLUSION Our findings substantiate that IFN-γ stimulation can enhance the immunomodulatory properties of cBMSCs by promoting TLR3-dependent activation of the IDO/kynurenine pathway, increasing the secretion of immunoregulatory molecules and strengthening interactions with T lymphocytes, which may provide a meaningful strategy for the clinical application of cBMSCs in immune-related diseases.
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Mesenchymal stem cells: A living carrier for active tumor-targeted delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114300. [PMID: 35447165 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The strategy of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a living carrier for active delivery of therapeutic agents targeting tumor sites has been attempted in a wide range of studies to validate the feasibility and efficacy for tumor treatment. This approach reveals powerful tumor targeting and tumor penetration. In addition, MSCs have been confirmed to actively participate in immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, MSCs are not inert delivery vehicles but have a strong impact on the fate of tumor cells. In this review, these active properties of MSCs are addressed to highlight the advantages and challenges of using MSCs for tumor-targeted delivery. In addition, some of the latest examples of using MSCs to carry a variety of anti-tumor agents for tumor-targeted therapy are summarized. Recent technologies to improve the performance and safety of this delivery strategy will be introduced. The advances, applications, and challenges summarized in this review will provide a general understanding of this promising strategy for actively delivering drugs to tumor tissues.
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Mezey É. Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Immune Regulation and Therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:114-134. [PMID: 35298659 PMCID: PMC8929448 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of mesenchymal stem (or stromal) cells (MSCs) have moved from bedside to bench and back again. The stromal cells or fibroblasts are found in all tissues and participate in building the extracellular matrix (ECM). Bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs have been studied for more than 50 years and have multiple roles. They function as stem cells and give rise to bone, cartilage, and fat in the BM (these are stem cells); support hematopoiesis (pericytes); and participate in sensing environmental changes and balancing pro- and anti-inflammatory conditions. In disease states, they migrate to sites of injury and release cytokines, hormones, nucleic acids depending on the microenvironment they find. Clinicians have begun to exploit these properties of BM, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord MSCs because they are easy to harvest and expand in culture. In this review, I describe the uses to which MSCs have been put, list ongoing clinical trials by organ system, and outline how MSCs are thought to regulate the innate and adaptive immune systems. I will discuss some of the reasons why clinical applications are still lacking. Much more work will have to be done to find the sources, doses, and culture conditions needed to exploit MSCs optimally and learn their healing potential. They are worth the effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Mezey
- Corresponding author: Éva Mezey, MD, PhD, Head, Adult Stem Cell Section, NIH, NIDCR, Bldg 30, Rm 523, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA . Tel: 1 301 435 5635;
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11
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Alvites R, Branquinho M, Sousa AC, Lopes B, Sousa P, Maurício AC. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Paracrine Activity-Immunomodulation Mechanisms and How to Influence the Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:381. [PMID: 35214113 PMCID: PMC8875256 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With high clinical interest to be applied in regenerative medicine, Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells have been widely studied due to their multipotency, wide distribution, and relative ease of isolation and expansion in vitro. Their remarkable biological characteristics and high immunomodulatory influence have opened doors to the application of MSCs in many clinical settings. The therapeutic influence of these cells and the interaction with the immune system seems to occur both directly and through a paracrine route, with the production and secretion of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. The complex mechanisms through which this influence takes place is not fully understood, but several functional manipulation techniques, such as cell engineering, priming, and preconditioning, have been developed. In this review, the knowledge about the immunoregulatory and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs and their secretion products is revisited, with a special focus on the phenomena of migration and homing, direct cell action and paracrine activity. The techniques for homing improvement, cell modulation and conditioning prior to the application of paracrine factors were also explored. Finally, multiple assays where different approaches were applied with varying success were used as examples to justify their exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Alvites
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Branquinho
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruna Lopes
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Sharma A, Gupta S, Archana S, Verma RS. Emerging Trends in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applications for Cardiac Regenerative Therapy: Current Status and Advances. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1546-1602. [PMID: 35122226 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible myocardium infarction is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related death and its quantum is expected to grow in coming years. Pharmacological intervention has been at the forefront to ameliorate injury-related morbidity and mortality. However, its outcomes are highly skewed. As an alternative, stem cell-based tissue engineering/regenerative medicine has been explored quite extensively to regenerate the damaged myocardium. The therapeutic modality that has been most widely studied both preclinically and clinically is based on adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) delivered to the injured heart. However, there is debate over the mechanistic therapeutic role of MSC in generating functional beating cardiomyocytes. This review intends to emphasize the role and use of MSC in cardiac regenerative therapy (CRT). We have elucidated in detail, the various aspects related to the history and progress of MSC use in cardiac tissue engineering and its multiple strategies to drive cardiomyogenesis. We have further discussed with a focus on the various therapeutic mechanism uncovered in recent times that has a significant role in ameliorating heart-related problems. We reviewed recent and advanced technologies using MSC to develop/create tissue construct for use in cardiac regenerative therapy. Finally, we have provided the latest update on the usage of MSC in clinical trials and discussed the outcome of such studies in realizing the full potential of MSC use in clinical management of cardiac injury as a cellular therapy module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santosh Gupta
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Archana
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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13
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Clark KC, Wang D, Kumar P, Mor S, Kulubya E, Lazar S, Wang A. The Molecular Mechanisms Through Which Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Myelin Regeneration. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101099. [PMID: 35023637 PMCID: PMC9225676 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating degenerative disease characterized by an immunological attack on the myelin sheath leading to demyelination and axon degeneration. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become attractive targets as therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as MS due to their potent immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. The placenta is a unique source of MSCs (PMSCs), demonstrates "fetomaternal" tolerance during pregnancy, and serves as a novel source of MSCs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PMSCs and PMSC-EVs have been shown to promote remyelination in animal models of MS, however, the molecular mechanisms by which modulation of autoimmunity and promotion of myelination occurs have not been well elucidated. The current review will address the molecular mechanisms by which PMSC-EVs can promote remyelination in MS.
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14
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Sharma S, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S. Role of stem cell therapy in neurosciences. ESSENTIALS OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE OF NEUROANESTHESIA AND NEUROCRITICAL CARE 2022:163-179. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821776-4.00012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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15
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Ebrahimi M, Rad MTS, Zebardast A, Ayyasi M, Goodarzi G, Tehrani SS. The critical role of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell therapy in COVID-19 patients: An updated review. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:945-954. [PMID: 34545605 PMCID: PMC8652792 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
New coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a pandemic disaster, has drawn the attention of researchers in various fields to discover suitable therapeutic approaches for the management of COVID-19 patients. Currently, there are many worries about the rapid spread of COVID-19; there is no approved treatment for this infectious disease, despite many efforts to develop therapeutic procedures for COVID-19. Emerging evidence shows that mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapy can be a suitable option for the management of COVID-19. These cells have many biological features (including the potential of differentiation, high safety and effectiveness, secretion of trophic factors and immunoregulatory features) that make them suitable for the treatment of various diseases. However, some studies have questioned the positive role of MSC therapy in the treatment of COVID-19. Accordingly, in this paper, we will focus on the therapeutic impacts of MSCs and their critical role in cytokine storm of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Neonatal and Child Health Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Mohammad Taha Saadati Rad
- Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Research InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Arghavan Zebardast
- Department of Virology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mitra Ayyasi
- Critical Care NursingIslamic Azad University, Sari BranchSariIran
| | - Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Scientific Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Scientific Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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16
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Immunomodulatory Actions of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) in Osteoarthritis of the Knee. OSTEOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/osteology1040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapy offers regeneration which curbs osteoarthritis of the knee. Among cellular therapies, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are readily isolated from various sources as culture expanded and unexpanded cellular population which are used as therapeutic products. Though MSCs possess a unique immunological and regulatory profile through cross-talk between MSCs and immunoregulatory cells (T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, B cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages), they provide an immunotolerant environment when transplanted to the site of action. Immunophenotypic profile allows MSCs to escape immune surveillance and promotes their hypoimmunogenic or immune-privileged status. MSCs do not elicit a proliferative response when co-cultured with allogeneic T cells in vitro. MSCs secrete a wide range of anti-inflammatory mediators such as PGE-2, IDO, IL-1Ra, and IL-10. They also stimulate the resilient chondrogenic progenitors and enhance the chondrocyte differentiation by secretion of BMPs and TGFβ1. We highlight the various mechanisms of MSCs during tissue healing signals, their interaction with the immune system, and the impact of their lifespan in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee. A better understanding of the immunobiology of MSC renders them as an efficient therapeutic product for the management of osteoarthritis of the knee.
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17
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Restimulia L, Ilyas S, Munir D, Putra A, Madiadipoera T, Farhat F, Sembiring RJ, Ichwan M, Amalina ND, Alif I. The CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells Regulated by MSCs Suppress Plasma Cells in a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis. Med Arch 2021; 75:256-261. [PMID: 34759444 PMCID: PMC8563054 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.256-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is the most common immunological disease that has been associated with inflammatory responses and is characterized by sneezing. Previous studies found that AR's allergen exposure significantly induces plasma cells and reduces regulatory T (Treg) cells, a population that contributes to control AR. Therefore, upregulating Treg expression can regulate plasma cells leading to inhibit sneezing in AR. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have the immunoregulatory and antiinflammation ability by secreting various cytokines including IL-10 and TGF-β which potent as a promising therapeutic modality for allergic airway diseases, including AR. Objective: To investigate the role of MSCs in generating CD4+, CD25+, and Foxp3+ Regulatory T cells associated with suppressing plasma cell in AR model. Methods: In this study, fifteen male Wistar rats (6 to 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups (control group, sham group, and MSCs treatment group). OVA nasal challenge was conducted daily from day 15 to 21, and MSCs (1x106) were administrated intraperitoneally to OVA-sensitized rats on day 21. Sneezing was observed from day 22 to 28. The rats were sacrificed on day 22 and day 28. The expression of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ in Treg and plasma cells was analyzed by flow cytometry assay. Results: This study showed that the percentage of plasma cell and sneezing times significantly decreased in MSCs treatment. This finding was aligned with the significant increase of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg level. Conclusion: MSCs administration suppress plasma cells population and sneezing times by up regulating Treg to control AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Restimulia
- Departement of Doctoral Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.,Departement of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Syafruddin Ilyas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Delfitri Munir
- Departement of Doctoral Degree Program, faculty of medicine, universitas sumatera utara, Medan, Indonesia.,Departement of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Medan, Indonesia.,Pusat Unggulan Inovasi (PUI) Stem Cell, Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), Medan, Indonesia
| | - Agung Putra
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR), Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia.,Department of Postgraduate Biomedical Science, Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Teti Madiadipoera
- Departement of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Farhat Farhat
- Departement of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rosita Juwita Sembiring
- Departement of Doctoral Degree Program, faculty of medicine, universitas sumatera utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ichwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nur Dina Amalina
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR), Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia.,Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Iffan Alif
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR), Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia
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18
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Sanie-Jahromi F, NejatyJahromy Y, Jahromi RR. A Review on the Role of Stem Cells against SARS-CoV-2 in Children and Pregnant Women. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11787. [PMID: 34769218 PMCID: PMC8584228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 outbreak was acknowledged by the WHO on 30 January 2020, much research has been conducted to unveil various features of the responsible SARS-CoV-2 virus. Different rates of contagion in adults, children, and pregnant women may guide us to understand the underlying infection conditions of COVID-19. In this study, we first provide a review of recent reports of COVID-19 clinical outcomes in children and pregnant women. We then suggest a mechanism that explains the curious case of COVID-19 in children/pregnant women. The unique stem cell molecular signature, as well as the very low expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and the lower ACE/ACE2 ratio in stem cells of children/pregnant women compared to adults might be the cause of milder symptoms of COVID-19 in them. This study provides the main molecular keys on how stem cells can function properly and exert their immunomodulatory and regenerative effects in COVID-19-infected children/pregnant women, while failing to replicate their role in adults. This can lay the groundwork for both predicting the pattern of spread and severity of the symptoms in a population and designing novel stem cell-based treatment and prevention strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134997446, Iran;
| | - Yaser NejatyJahromy
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53012 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rahim Raoofi Jahromi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Peymanieh Hospital, Jahrom University of Medical Science, Jahrom 7414846199, Iran
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19
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Yang C, Sun J, Tian Y, Li H, Zhang L, Yang J, Wang J, Zhang J, Yan S, Xu D. Immunomodulatory Effect of MSCs and MSCs-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714832. [PMID: 34603289 PMCID: PMC8481702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune connective tissue disease with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and MSC derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in regulating innate and adaptive immunity, which are involved in many physiological and pathological processes and contribute to the immune homeostasis in SLE. The effects of MSCs and EVs on SLE have been drawing more and more attention during the past few years. This article reviews the immunomodulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of MSC/MSC-EVs in SLE, which provides novel insight into understanding SLE pathogenesis and guiding the biological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jianmei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Chemistry, Food and Drug, Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Qingzhou, China
| | - Yipeng Tian
- Material Procurement Office of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinghan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shushan Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Diseases Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Donghua Xu
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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20
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TNF-α and IFN-γ Participate in Improving the Immunoregulatory Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Importance of Cell-Cell Contact and Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179531. [PMID: 34502453 PMCID: PMC8431422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have an immunoregulatory capacity and have been used in different clinical protocols requiring control of the immune response. However, variable results have been obtained, mainly due to the effect of the microenvironment on the induction, increase, and maintenance of MSC immunoregulatory mechanisms. In addition, the importance of cell–cell contact for MSCs to efficiently modulate the immune response has recently been highlighted. Because these interactions would be difficult to achieve in the physiological context, the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their participation as intermediaries of communication between MSCs and immune cells becomes relevant. Therefore, this article focuses on analyzing immunoregulatory mechanisms mediated by cell contact, highlighting the importance of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the participation of EVs. Moreover, the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), the main cytokines involved in MSC activation, are examined. These cytokines, when used at the appropriate concentrations and times, would promote increases in the expression of immunoregulatory molecules in the cell and allow the acquisition of EVs enriched with these molecules. The establishment of certain in vitro activation guidelines will facilitate the design of conditioning protocols to obtain functional MSCs or EVs in different pathophysiological conditions.
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21
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Importance of lymphocyte-stromal cell interactions in autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:550-564. [PMID: 34345021 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between lymphocytes and stromal cells have an important role in immune cell development and responses. During inflammation, stromal cells contribute to inflammation, from induction to chronicity or resolution, through direct cell interactions and through the secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Stromal cells are imprinted with tissue-specific phenotypes and contribute to site-specific lymphocyte recruitment. During chronic inflammation, the modified pro-inflammatory microenvironment leads to changes in the stromal cells, which acquire a pathogenic phenotype. At the site of inflammation, infiltrating B cells and T cells interact with stromal cells. These interactions induce a plasma cell-like phenotype in B cells and T cells, associated with secretion of immunoglobulins and inflammatory cytokines, respectively. B cells and T cells also influence the stromal cells, inducing cell proliferation, molecular changes and cytokine production. This positive feedback loop contributes to disease chronicity. This Review describes the importance of these cell interactions in chronic inflammation, with a focus on human disease, using three selected autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis (and psoriasis) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Understanding the importance and disease specificity of these interactions could provide new therapeutic options.
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22
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Rangasamy T, Ghimire L, Jin L, Le J, Periasamy S, Paudel S, Cai S, Jeyaseelan S. Host Defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae Pneumonia Is Augmented by Lung-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1112-1127. [PMID: 34341173 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of Gram-negative pneumonia. The spread of antibiotic-resistant and hypervirulent strains has made treatment more challenging. This study sought to determine the immunomodulatory, antibacterial, and therapeutic potential of purified murine stem cell Ag-1+ (Sca-1+) lung mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs) using in vitro cell culture and an in vivo mouse model of pneumonia caused by K pneumoniae. Sca-1+ LMSCs are plastic adherent, possess colony-forming capacity, express mesenchymal stem cell markers, differentiate into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages in vitro, and exhibit a high proliferative capacity. Further, these Sca-1+ LMSCs are morphologically similar to fibroblasts but differ ultrastructurally. Moreover, Sca-1+ LMSCs have the capacity to inhibit LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines by bone marrow-derived macrophages and neutrophils in vitro. Sca-1+ LMSCs inhibit the growth of K pneumoniae more potently than do neutrophils. Sca-1+ LMSCs also possess the intrinsic ability to phagocytize and kill K. pneumoniae intracellularly. Whereas the induction of autophagy promotes bacterial replication, inhibition of autophagy enhances the intracellular clearance of K. pneumoniae in Sca-1+ LMSCs during the early time of infection. Adoptive transfer of Sca-1+ LMSCs in K. pneumoniae-infected mice improved survival, reduced inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and pathological lesions in the lung, and enhanced bacterial clearance in the lung and in extrapulmonary organs. To our knowledge, these results together illustrate for the first time the protective role of LMSCs in bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirumalai Rangasamy
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; .,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Laxman Ghimire
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Liliang Jin
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - John Le
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Sagar Paudel
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; .,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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23
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Dzobo K. Recent Trends in Multipotent Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Learning from History and Advancing Clinical Applications. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:342-357. [PMID: 34115524 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early cell biology reports demonstrated the presence of cells with stem-like properties in bone marrow, with both hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages. Over the years, various investigations have purified and characterized mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from different human tissues as cells with multilineage differentiation potential under the appropriate conditions. Due to their appealing characteristics and versatile potentials, MSCs are leveraged in many applications in medicine such as oncology, bioprinting, and as recent as therapeutics discovery and innovation for COVID-19. To date, studies indicate that MSCs have varied differentiation capabilities into different cell types, and demonstrate immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties. Different microenvironments or niche for MSCs and their resulting heterogeneity may influence attendant cellular behavior and differentiation capacity. The potential clinical applications of MSCs and exosomes derived from these cells have led to an avalanche of research reports on their properties and hundreds of clinical trials being undertaken. There is ample reason to think, as discussed in this expert review that the future looks bright and promising for MSC research, with many clinical trials under way to ascertain their clinical utility. This review provides a synthesis of the latest advances and trends in MSC research to allow for broad and critically informed use of MSCs. Early observations of the presence of these cells in the bone marrow and their remarkable differentiation capabilities and immunomodulation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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24
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VEGF Contributes to Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Reversion of Nor1-Dependent Hypertrophy in iPS Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8888575. [PMID: 33927770 PMCID: PMC8053052 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8888575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy is present in many heart diseases, representing a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Regarding therapeutic intervention, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested to significantly reduce cardiac hypertrophy and progression to heart failure. Preconditioning of MSCs was previously demonstrated to highly improve their paracrine activity resulting in modulation of immune responses and the progression of diseases. Here, we studied the effects of bone marrow-derived preconditioned MSCs on hypertrophied induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM) and also sought to identify MSC-derived antihypertrophic molecules. Phenylephrine (PE) was used to induce hypertrophy in murine iPS-CM, and markers of hypertrophy were identified by microarray analysis. Murine MSCs were treated with IFN-γ and IL-1β to enhance their paracrine activity, and transcriptional profiling was performed by microarray analysis. Hypertrophied iPS-CM were subsequently cocultured with preconditioned MSCs or MSC-conditioned medium (CM), respectively. Effects on hypertrophied iPS-CM were studied by cell area quantification, real-time PCR, and western blot. In some experiments, cells were incubated with fractions of MSC-CM obtained by ultrafiltration or by MSC-CM supplemented with inhibitory antibodies. Intracellular and extracellular levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated by western blot and ELISA. PE-induced hypertrophy in iPS-CM was associated with an upregulation of neuron-derived orphan receptor (Nor1) expression, activation of Akt, and inhibition of both strongly prevented hypertrophy induction in iPS-CM. VEGF secreted by preconditioned MSCs provoked hypertrophy regression in iPS-CM, and a negative correlation between Nor1 expression and hypertrophic growth could be evidenced. Our results demonstrate that Nor1 expression strongly supports hypertrophy in iPS-CM. Moreover, the secretome of preconditioned MSCs triggered regression of hypertrophy in iPS-CM in a VEGF-dependent manner. We suggest that the delivery of the MSC-derived secretome may represent a therapeutic strategy to limit cardiac hypertrophy. However, additional in vivo studies are needed to prove this hypothesis.
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Autophagy-Mediated Activation of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Driven by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived IL-15. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:926-939. [PMID: 33798448 PMCID: PMC8072065 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like unconventional T cells that are abundant in humans and have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial regulators of immune cells. However, whether MAIT cells are regulated by MSCs is unclear. Here, we explored the effect of MSCs on MAIT cells and revealed the underlying mechanism. We found that MSCs did not influence the proliferation of MAIT cells but strikingly induced an activated phenotype with an increased expression of CD69, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and granzyme B. Moreover, MSCs activated MAIT cells in a TCR-MR1-independent mechanism through MSC-secreted IL-15. We revealed that MSC-derived IL-15 activated MAIT cells by enhancing autophagy activity, which was abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Based on our findings, MAIT cells are activated by MSCs through IL-15-induced autophagy, which may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying some immune responses and diseases and provide guidance for future research.
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Lee W, Wang LT, Yen ML, Hsu PJ, Lee YW, Liu KJ, Lin KI, Su YW, Sytwu HK, Yen BL. Resident vs nonresident multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell interactions with B lymphocytes result in disparate outcomes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:711-724. [PMID: 33506633 PMCID: PMC8046079 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from multiple organs including the bone marrow (BM) and placenta harbor clinically relevant immunomodulation best demonstrated toward T lymphocytes. Surprisingly, there is limited knowledge on interactions with B lymphocytes, which originate from the BM where there is a resident MSC. With increasing data demonstrating MSC tissue‐specific propensities impacting therapeutic outcome, we therefore investigated the interactions of BM‐MSCs—its resident and “niche” MSC—and placental MSCs (P‐MSCs), another source of MSCs with well‐characterized immunomodulatory properties, on the global functional outcomes of pan‐peripheral B cell populations. We found that P‐MSCs but not BM‐MSCs significantly inhibit proliferation and further differentiation of stimulated human peripheral B populations in vitro. Moreover, although BM‐MSCs preserve multiple IL‐10‐producing regulatory B cell (Breg) subsets, P‐MSCs significantly increase all subsets. To corroborate these in vitro findings in vivo, we used a mouse model of B‐cell activation and found that adoptive transfer of P‐MSCs but not BM‐MSCs significantly decreased activated B220+ B cells. Moreover, adoptive transfer of P‐MSCs but not BM‐MSCs significantly decreased the overall B220+ B‐cell proliferation and further differentiation, similar to the in vitro findings. P‐MSCs also increased two populations of IL‐10‐producing murine Bregs more strongly than BM‐MSCs. Transcriptome analyses demonstrated multifactorial differences between BM‐ and P‐MSCs in the profile of relevant factors involved in B lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Our results highlight the divergent outcomes of tissue‐specific MSCs interactions with peripheral B cells, and demonstrate the importance of understanding tissue‐specific differences to achieve more efficacious outcome with MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital and College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital and College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- Immunology Research Center, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, NDMC, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
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Zhang R, Yu J, Zhang N, Li W, Wang J, Cai G, Chen Y, Yang Y, Liu Z. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfer in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: single-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:33. [PMID: 33413636 PMCID: PMC7791674 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intracoronary autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) transplantation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS In this randomized, single-blind, controlled trial, patients with STEMI (aged 39-76 years) were enrolled at 6 centers in Beijing (The People's Liberation Army Navy General Hospital, Beijing Armed Police General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing Huaxin Hospital, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital West Hospital). All patients underwent optimum medical treatment and percutaneous coronary intervention and were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to BM-MSC group or control group. The primary endpoint was the change of myocardial viability at the 6th month's follow-up and left ventricular (LV) function at the 12th month's follow-up. The secondary endpoints were the incidence of cardiovascular event, total mortality, and adverse event during the 12 months' follow-up. The myocardial viability assessed by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was used to assess LV function. All patients underwent dynamic ECG and laboratory evaluations. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrails.gov, number NCT04421274. RESULTS Between March 2008 and July 2010, 43 patients who had underwent optimum medical treatment and successful percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly assigned to BM-MSC group (n = 21) or control group (n = 22) and followed-up for 12 months. At the 6th month's follow-up, there was no significant improvement in myocardial activity in the BM-MSC group before and after transplantation. Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the change of myocardial perfusion defect index (p = 0.37) and myocardial metabolic defect index (p = 0.90). The LVEF increased from baseline to 12 months in the BM-MSC group and control group (mean baseline-adjusted BM-MSC treatment differences in LVEF 4.8% (SD 9.0) and mean baseline-adjusted control group treatment differences in LVEF 5.8% (SD 6.04)). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the change of the LVEF (p = 0.23). We noticed that during the 12 months' follow-up, except for one death and one coronary microvascular embolism in the BM-MSC group, no other events occurred and alanine transaminase (ALT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in BM-MSC group were significantly lower than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The present study may have many methodological limitations, and within those limitations, we did not identify that intracoronary transfer of autologous BM-MSCs could largely promote the recovery of LV function and myocardial viability after acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ningkun Zhang
- Heart Centre, The Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wensong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guocai Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Heart Centre, The Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhenhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles for Skin Wound Healing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1310:495-507. [PMID: 33834447 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin is vulnerable to various external insults such as burn, severe injury, or inflammation, which necessitates a better strategy for wound repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can self-renew and differentiate into various supporting tissues including cartilage, bone, muscle, and adipose tissue. Along with their unique multipotent capacity, they secrete various paracrine mediators such as growth factors, cytokines, and membrane-enclosed particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs). Herein, we discussed the general traits of EVs such as cell-to-cell communicator, and highlighted the recent preclinical outcomes, with a focus on the application of MSC-derived EVs in wound repair. This chapter provides insights into developing novel strategies for skin wound healing in a cell-free manner.
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The role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in the acute clinical setting. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 46:572-578. [PMID: 33279332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating evidence supports the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), particularly bone marrow derived, as a safe and promising biologic therapy for promoting tissue repair and regeneration in various chronic diseases and disorders. Despite growing evidence that MSCs are potent anti-inflammatory mediators that can provide substantial benefits in acute organ injury, there are limited clinical trials utilizing MSCs in acute care settings, such as in the emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit (ICU). OBJECTIVE This article reviews the current state of MSC-based therapeutics and further explores the untapped potential role to treat various acute, life-threating injuries in the ED and ICU. DISCUSSION All clinical trials using MSCs in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and acute kidney injury (AKI) demonstrated safety. While some also demonstrate clinical efficacy, efficacy data is inconsistent, with some studies limited by sample size, cell integrity and different dosages, necessitating further studies. CONCLUSION MSCs are potentially promising novel biologic therapeutics for clinical application in AMI, ARDS, sepsis, AKI and COVID-19 that have demonstrated safety in all clinical trials. More rigorous clinical trials are necessary and warranted to determine the efficacy of MSCs as a novel therapeutic in an acute setting, such as the ED.
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Bazzoni R, Takam Kamga P, Tanasi I, Krampera M. Extracellular Vesicle-Dependent Communication Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Immune Effector Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:596079. [PMID: 33240892 PMCID: PMC7677193 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.596079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells residing in the stromal tissues of the body and capable of promoting tissue repair and attenuating inflammatory processes through their immunomodulatory properties. Preclinical and clinical observations revealed that not only direct intercellular communication mediates MSC properties; in fact, a pivotal role is also played by the release of soluble and bioactive factors, such as cytokines, growth factor and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-coated vesicles containing a large variety of bioactive molecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, such as RNA. EVs release their contents into target cells, thus influencing cell fate through the control of intracellular processes. In addition, MSC-derived EVs can mediate modulatory effects toward different effector cells belonging to both innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we will discuss the literature data concerning MSC-derived EVs, including the current standardized methods for their isolation and characterization, the mechanisms supporting their immunoregulatory properties, and their potential clinical application as alternative to MSC-based therapy for inflammatory reactions, such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bazzoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paul Takam Kamga
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- EA4340-BCOH, Biomarker in Cancerology and Onco-Haematology, UVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Ilaria Tanasi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Mallis P, Michalopoulos E, Chatzistamatiou T, Stavropoulos-Giokas C. Mesenchymal stromal cells as potential immunomodulatory players in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:731-751. [PMID: 32952855 PMCID: PMC7477656 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i8.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and the related coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a worldwide emerging situation, which was initially reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Currently, more than 7258842 new cases, and more than 411879 deaths have been reported globally. This new highly transmitted coronavirus is responsible for the development of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Due to this disorder, a great number of patients are hospitalized in the intensive care unit followed by connection to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for breath supporting and survival. Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome is mostly accompanied by the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-7, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GSCF), interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP10), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1A (MIP1A), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), an event which is known as "cytokine storm". Further disease pathology involves a generalized modulation of immune responses, leading to fatal multiorgan failure. Currently, no specific treatment or vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been developed. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are known for their immunosuppressive actions, could be applied as an alternative co-therapy in critically-ill COVID-19 patients. Specifically, MSCs can regulate the immune responses through the conversion of Th1 to Th2, activation of M2 macrophages, and modulation of dendritic cells maturation. These key immunoregulatory properties of MSCs may be exerted either by produced soluble factors or by cell-cell contact interactions. To date, several clinical trials have been registered to assess the safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential of MSCs in COVID-19. Moreover, MSC treatment may be effective for the reversion of ground-glass opacity of damaged lungs and reduce the tissue fibrosis. Taking into account the multifunctional properties of MSCs, the proposed stem-cell-based therapy may be proven significantly effective in critically-ill COVID-19 patients. The current therapeutic strategy may improve the patient's overall condition and in parallel may decrease the mortality rate of the current disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Lee HK, Kim HS, Pyo M, Park EJ, Jang S, Jun HW, Lee TY, Kim KS, Bae SC, Kim Y, Hong JT, Yun J, Han SB. Phorbol ester activates human mesenchymal stem cells to inhibit B cells and ameliorate lupus symptoms in MRL. Fas lpr mice. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:10186-10199. [PMID: 32929342 PMCID: PMC7481409 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organ autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production by hyper-activated B cells. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorate lupus symptoms by inhibiting T cells, whether they inhibit B cells has been controversial. Here we address this issue and reveal how to prime MSCs to inhibit B cells and improve the efficacy of MSCs in SLE. Methods: We examined the effect of MSCs on purified B cells in vitro and the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in lupus-prone MRL.Faslpr mice. We screened chemicals for their ability to activate MSCs to inhibit B cells. Results: Mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs inhibited mouse B cells in a CXCL12-dependent manner, whereas human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hMSCs) did not inhibit human B (hB) cells. We used a chemical approach to overcome this hurdle and found that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, and ingenol-3-angelate rendered hMSCs capable of inhibiting IgM production by hB cells. As to the mechanism, PMA-primed hMSCs attracted hB cells in a CXCL10-dependent manner and induced hB cell apoptosis in a PD-L1-dependent manner. Finally, we showed that PMA-primed hMSCs were better than naïve hMSCs at ameliorating SLE progression in MRL.Faslpr mice. Conclusion: Taken together, our data demonstrate that phorbol esters might be good tool compounds to activate MSCs to inhibit B cells and suggest that our chemical approach might allow for improvements in the therapeutic efficacy of hMSCs in SLE.
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Zhang L, Qu YN, Zhang HY, Wu ZY, Li ZL, Guo WB, Wang QB, Fang NZ, Jiang XX. SOCS1 Regulates the Immunomodulatory Roles of MSCs on B Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:237-245. [PMID: 32323514 PMCID: PMC7378896 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The effective use of MSCs for the treatment of some B cell-mediated immune diseases is quite limited. The main reason is that the immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on B cells are unclear, and their underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. Methods and Results By co-culturing B cells with MSCs without (MSC/CTLsh) or with suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) knockdown (MSC/SOCS1sh), we found that MSCs inhibited B cell proliferation, activation and terminal differentiation. Remarkably, the highest inhibition of B cell proliferation was observed in MSC/SOCS1sh co-culture. Besides, MSC/SOCS1sh reversed the inhibitory effect of MSCs in the last stage of B cell differentiation. However, MSC/SOCS1sh had no effect on inhibiting B cell activation by MSCs. We also showed that IgA+ B cell production was significantly higher in MSC/SOCS1sh than in MSC/CTLsh, although no difference was observed when both MSCs co-cultures were compared to isolated B cells. In addition, MSCs increased PGE2 production after TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulation, with the highest increase observed in MSC/SOCS1sh co-culture. Conclusions Our results highlighted the role of SOCS1 as an important new mediator in the regulation of B cell function by MSCs. Therefore, these data may help to develop new treatments for B cell-mediated immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, School of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren, China.,Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yan-Nv Qu
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - He-Yang Zhang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Yang Wu
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, School of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren, China
| | - Zhong-Li Li
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, School of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren, China
| | - Wan-Bei Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Qi-Ben Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Nan-Zhu Fang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Terraza-Aguirre C, Campos-Mora M, Elizondo-Vega R, Contreras-López RA, Luz-Crawford P, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. Mechanisms behind the Immunoregulatory Dialogue between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Th17 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071660. [PMID: 32664207 PMCID: PMC7408034 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit potent immunoregulatory abilities by interacting with cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. In vitro, MSCs inhibit the differentiation of T cells into T helper 17 (Th17) cells and repress their proliferation. In vivo, the administration of MSCs to treat various experimental inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and bowel disease showed promising therapeutic results. These therapeutic properties mediated by MSCs are associated with an attenuated immune response characterized by a reduced frequency of Th17 cells and the generation of regulatory T cells. In this manuscript, we review how MSC and Th17 cells interact, communicate, and exchange information through different ways such as cell-to-cell contact, secretion of soluble factors, and organelle transfer. Moreover, we discuss the consequences of this dynamic dialogue between MSC and Th17 well described by their phenotypic and functional plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Terraza-Aguirre
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
| | | | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | | | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
- CHU Montpellier, F-34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (F.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)-4-67-33-77-96 (C.J.); +33-(0)-4-67-33-04-75 (F.D.)
| | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (F.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)-4-67-33-77-96 (C.J.); +33-(0)-4-67-33-04-75 (F.D.)
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Allen A, Vaninov N, Li M, Nguyen S, Singh M, Igo P, Tilles AW, O'Rourke B, Miller BLK, Parekkadan B, Barcia RN. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Bioreactor for Ex Vivo Reprogramming of Human Immune Cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10142. [PMID: 32576889 PMCID: PMC7311545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been studied for decades as potent immunomodulators. Clinically, they have shown some promise but with limited success. Here, we report the ability of a scalable hollow fiber bioreactor to effectively maintain ideal MSC function as a single population while also being able to impart an immunoregulatory effect when cultured in tandem with an inflamed lymphocyte population. MSCs were seeded on the extraluminal side of hollow fibers within a bioreactor where they indirectly interact with immune cells flowing within the lumen of the fibers. MSCs showed a stable and predictable metabolite and secreted factor profile during several days of perfusion culture. Exposure of bioreactor-seeded MSCs to inflammatory stimuli reproducibly switched MSC secreted factor profiles and altered microvesicle composition. Furthermore, circulating, activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were suppressed by MSC bioreactor culture confirmed by a durable change in their immunophenotype and function. This platform was useful to study a model of immobilized MSCs and circulating immune cells and showed that monocytes play an important role in MSC driven immunomodulation. This coculture technology can have broad implications for use in studying MSC-immune interactions under flow conditions as well as in the generation of ex vivo derived immune cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Allen
- Sentien Biotechnologies, Inc., Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | | | - Matthew Li
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery, Innovation, and Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Sunny Nguyen
- Sentien Biotechnologies, Inc., Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Maneet Singh
- Sentien Biotechnologies, Inc., Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Peter Igo
- Sentien Biotechnologies, Inc., Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Arno W Tilles
- Sentien Biotechnologies, Inc., Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Sentien Biotechnologies, Inc., Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | | | - Biju Parekkadan
- Sentien Biotechnologies, Inc., Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery, Innovation, and Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Rita N Barcia
- Sentien Biotechnologies, Inc., Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
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36
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Magatti M, Masserdotti A, Bonassi Signoroni P, Vertua E, Stefani FR, Silini AR, Parolini O. B Lymphocytes as Targets of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1156. [PMID: 32582218 PMCID: PMC7295987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from the amniotic membrane of human term placenta (hAMSC), and the conditioned medium generated from their culture (CM-hAMSC) offer significant tools for their use in regenerative medicine mainly due to their immunomodulatory properties. Interestingly, hAMSC and their CM have been successfully exploited in preclinical disease models of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases where depletion or modulation of B cells have been indicated as an effective treatment, such as inflammatory bowel disease, lung fibrosis, would healing, collagen-induced arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. While the interactions between hAMSC or CM-hAMSC and T lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages has been extensively explored, how they affect B lymphocytes remains unclear. Considering that B cells are key players in the adaptive immune response and are a central component of different diseases, in this study we investigated the in vitro properties of hAMSC and CM-hAMSC on B cells. We provide evidence that both hAMSC and CM-hAMSC strongly suppressed CpG-activated B-cell proliferation. Moreover, CM-hAMSC blocked B-cell differentiation, with an increase of the proportion of mature B cells, and a reduction of antibody secreting cell formation. We observed the strong inhibition of B cell terminal differentiation into CD138+ plasma cells, as further shown by a significant decrease of the expression of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4), PR/SET domain 1(PRDM1), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) genes. Our results point out that the mechanism by which CM-hAMSC impacts B cell proliferation and differentiation is mediated by secreted factors, and prostanoids are partially involved in these actions. Factors contained in the CM-hAMSC decreased the CpG-uptake sensors (CD205, CD14, and TLR9), suggesting that B cell stimulation was affected early on. CM-hAMSC also decreased the expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-4, consequently inhibiting the entire CpG-induced downstream signaling pathway. Overall, these findings add insight into the mechanism of action of hAMSC and CM-hAMSC and are useful to better design their potential therapeutic application in B-cell mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Masserdotti
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elsa Vertua
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Rosa Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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37
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Vadivel S, Vincent P, Sekaran S, Visaga Ambi S, Muralidar S, Selvaraj V, Palaniappan B, Thirumalai D. Inflammation in myocardial injury- Stem cells as potential immunomodulators for myocardial regeneration and restoration. Life Sci 2020; 250:117582. [PMID: 32222465 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ineffective immunosuppressant's and targeted strategies to neutralize inflammatory mediators have worsened the scenario of heart failure and have opened many questions for debate. Stem cell therapy has proven to be a promising approach for treating heart following myocardial infarction (MI). Adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells are possible cell types and have successfully shown to regenerate damaged myocardial tissue in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Current implications of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) owing to their immunomodulatory functions and paracrine effects could serve as an effective alternative treatment option for rejuvenating the heart post MI. The major setback associated with the use of MSCs is reduced cell retention, engraftment and decreased effectiveness. With a few reports on understanding the role of inflammation and its dual effects on the structure and function of heart, this review focuses on these missing insights and further exemplifies the role of MSCs as an alternative therapy in treating the pathological consequences in myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajini Vadivel
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethi Vincent
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Senthil Visaga Ambi
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shibi Muralidar
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vimalraj Selvaraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balamurugan Palaniappan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Diraviyam Thirumalai
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
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38
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Gomez-Salazar M, Gonzalez-Galofre ZN, Casamitjana J, Crisan M, James AW, Péault B. Five Decades Later, Are Mesenchymal Stem Cells Still Relevant? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:148. [PMID: 32185170 PMCID: PMC7058632 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are culture-derived mesodermal progenitors isolatable from all vascularized tissues. In spite of multiple fundamental, pre-clinical and clinical studies, the native identity and role in tissue repair of MSCs have long remained elusive, with MSC selection in vitro from total cell suspensions essentially unchanged as a mere primary culture for half a century. Recent investigations have helped understand the tissue origin of these progenitor cells, and uncover alternative effects of MSCs on tissue healing via growth factor secretion and interaction with the immune system. In this review, we describe current trends in MSC biology and discuss how these may improve the use of these therapeutic cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gomez-Salazar
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zaniah N Gonzalez-Galofre
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Casamitjana
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Crisan
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron W James
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bruno Péault
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Jimenez-Puerta GJ, Marchal JA, López-Ruiz E, Gálvez-Martín P. Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Therapeutic Agents: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Implications in Their Clinical Use. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020445. [PMID: 32041213 PMCID: PMC7074225 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the great therapeutic interest that involves the translation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into clinical practice, they have been widely studied as innovative drugs, in order to treat multiple pathologies. MSC-based cell therapy involves the administration of MSCs either locally or systemically into the receptor body where they can traffic and migrate towards the affected tissue and participate in the process of healing. The therapeutic effects of MSCs compromise of different mechanisms such as the functional integration of differentiated MSCs into diseased host tissue after transplantation, their paracrine support, and their impact on the regulation of both the innate and the acquired immune system. Here, we establish and provide recent advances about the principal mechanisms of action through which MSCs can perform their activity and effect as a therapeutic tool. The purpose of this review is to examine and discuss the MSCs capacity of migration, their paracrine effect, as well as MSC-mediated modifications on immune cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo José Jimenez-Puerta
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (G.J.J.-P.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (G.J.J.-P.); (J.A.M.)
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Elena López-Ruiz
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (G.J.J.-P.); (J.A.M.)
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.L.-R.); or (P.G.-M.)
| | - Patricia Gálvez-Martín
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- R&D Human Health, Bioibérica S.A.U., 08029 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.L.-R.); or (P.G.-M.)
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Gowhari Shabgah A, Shariati-Sarabi Z, Tavakkol-Afshari J, Ghasemi A, Ghoryani M, Mohammadi M. A significant decrease of BAFF, APRIL, and BAFF receptors following mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Gene 2020; 732:144336. [PMID: 31935514 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate effects of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) intravenous administration on the response of B cells, BAFF, APRIL, and their receptors on the surface of B cells at 1, 6, and 12 month follow-up periods in refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Thirteen patients with refractory RA received autologous MSCs. Plasma levels of BAFF and APRIL were measured employing ELISA method, followed by estimating B cell population and BAFFRs evaluation by flow cytometry technique. Gene expression of BAFF, APRIL, and their receptors on B cell surface in PBMCs was evaluated by SYBR Green real-time PCR technique. Plasma concentration of BAFF significantly decreased 1 and 6 months after the MSCT (MSCs Transplantation). Plasma concentration of APRIL significantly decreased 1 month after the MSCT. Percentages of CD19 + B cells in the PBMC population significantly decreased 12 months after the MSCT. Percentages of BR3 + CD19 + B cells and BCMA + CD19 + B cells significantly decreased at the 12th month after the MSCT. The gene expression of BAFF in the PBMC population significantly decreased during 6, and 12 months after the MSCT. The gene expression of APRIL significantly decreased on month 6 after the MSCT. The gene expression of BR3 significantly decreased during 1, 6, and 12 months after the MSCT. The MSCT seems to decrease B cells response because of the reduced production of BAFF and APRIL cytokines and decrease the expression of their receptors on the surface of B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Shariati-Sarabi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Internal Medicine Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil Tavakkol-Afshari
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Pediatric, Hematology and Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghoryani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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41
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MSCs exosomal miR-1470 promotes the differentiation of CD4 +CD25 +FOXP3 + Tregs in asthmatic patients by inducing the expression of P27KIP1. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105981. [PMID: 31685437 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) possesses similar immunomodulatory effect as MSCs. It had been suggested that MSCs exosomes contain higher level of miR-1470 compared to exosomes derived from fibroblast. Here, we show that MSCs exosomal miR-1470 can elevate the proportion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in asthmatic patients. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that miR-1470 can promote the upregulation of P27KIP1 by directly targeting the 3' region of c-Jun mRNA. Furthermore, miR-1470 mimic transfection could significantly upregulate the proportion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs in CD4+ T cells. P27KIP1 knockdown via siRNA silencing significantly inhibited the proportion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs with over-expression of miR-1470, which indicates that miR-1470 induces the differentiation of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs through P27KIP1.
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42
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Rahmatizadeh F, Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz S, Khodadadi K, Lale Ataei M, Ebrahimie E, Soleimani Rad J, Pashaiasl M. Bidirectional and Opposite Effects of Naïve Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Tumor Growth and Progression. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:539-558. [PMID: 31857958 PMCID: PMC6912184 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has long been considered as a heterogeneous population of uncontrolled proliferation of
different transformed cell types. The recent findings concerning tumorigeneses have highlighted
the fact that tumors can progress through tight relationships among tumor cells, cellular, and
non-cellular components which are present within tumor tissues. In recent years, studies have
shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are essential components of non-tumor cells within
the tumor tissues that can strongly affect tumor development. Several forms of MSCs have been
identified within tumor stroma. Naïve (innate) mesenchymal stem cells (N-MSCs) derived from
different sources are mostly recruited into the tumor stroma. N-MSCs exert dual and divergent
effects on tumor growth through different conditions and factors such as toll-like receptor
priming (TLR-priming), which is the primary underlying causes of opposite effects. Moreover,
MSCs also have the contrary effects by various molecular mechanisms relying on direct cellto-
cell connections and indirect communications through the autocrine, paracrine routes, and
tumor microenvironment (TME).
Overall, cell-based therapies will hold great promise to provide novel anticancer treatments.
However, the application of intact MSCs in cancer treatment can theoretically cause adverse
clinical outcomes. It is essential that to extensively analysis the effective factors and conditions
in which underlying mechanisms are adopted by MSCs when encounter with cancer.
The aim is to review the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the dual effects of
MSCs followed by the importance of polarization of MSCs through priming of TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Rahmatizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Khodadad Khodadadi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maryam Lale Ataei
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Pashaiasl
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The advent of cell therapies, mainly based on the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), represents a great step forward in the treatment of immune-mediated conditions. Here, we focus on those intestinal disorders wherein MSCs have been applied for immunotherapeutic purposes and whose results are available. RECENT FINDINGS By virtue of their ability to favour both tissue regeneration and immune tolerance, together with a substantial lack of immunogenicity, MSCs have gained huge attention in the last decade. Following abundant positive experimental data, a sizable number of clinical trials using MSCs as a new treatment in chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases were carried out with promising results and several are still ongoing. The main indication was refractory Crohn's disease wherein both feasibility and safety clearly emerged when treating the luminal phenotype with intravenous infusion/s, albeit no definitive conclusion on efficacy may be drawn. By contrast, the availability of robust demonstration also on the efficacy when treating the fistulizing phenotype through local injection/s of MSCs has led to approval of the marketing of an industrial preparation (darvadstrocel). SUMMARY Successful clinical implementation of this attractive option is hampered by a number of obstacles arising from methodology and regulation issues, which require the institution of interdisciplinary task forces before this cell therapy becomes a bedside reality.
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Shi Y, Wang Y, Li Q, Liu K, Hou J, Shao C, Wang Y. Immunoregulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 14:493-507. [PMID: 29895977 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs; also referred to as mesenchymal stromal cells) have attracted much attention for their ability to regulate inflammatory processes. Their therapeutic potential is currently being investigated in various degenerative and inflammatory disorders such as Crohn's disease, graft-versus-host disease, diabetic nephropathy and organ fibrosis. The mechanisms by which MSCs exert their therapeutic effects are multifaceted, but in general, these cells are thought to enable damaged tissues to form a balanced inflammatory and regenerative microenvironment in the presence of vigorous inflammation. Studies over the past few years have demonstrated that when exposed to an inflammatory environment, MSCs can orchestrate local and systemic innate and adaptive immune responses through the release of various mediators, including immunosuppressive molecules, growth factors, exosomes, chemokines, complement components and various metabolites. Interestingly, even nonviable MSCs can exert beneficial effects, with apoptotic MSCs showing immunosuppressive functions in vivo. Because the immunomodulatory capabilities of MSCs are not constitutive but rather are licensed by inflammatory cytokines, the net outcomes of MSC activation might vary depending on the levels and the types of inflammation within the residing tissues. Here, we review current understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of MSCs and the issues related to their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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45
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Immune responses towards bioengineered tissues and strategies to control them. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2019; 24:582-589. [PMID: 31385889 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Research into development of artificial tissues and bioengineered organs to replace physiological functions of injured counterparts has highlighted a previously underestimated challenge for its clinical translatability: the immune response against biomaterials. Herein, we will provide an update and review current knowledge regarding this important barrier to regenerative medicine. RECENT FINDINGS Although a clear understanding of the immune reactivity against biomaterials remains elusive, accumulating evidence indicates that innate immune cells, primarily neutrophils and macrophages, play a key role in the initial phases of the immune response. More recently, data have shown that in later phases, T and B cells are also involved. The use of physicochemical modifications of biomaterials and cell-based strategies to modulate the host inflammatory response is being actively investigated for effective biomaterial integration. SUMMARY The immune response towards biomaterials and bioengineered organs plays a crucial role in determining their utility as transplantable grafts. Expanding our understanding of these responses is necessary for developing protolerogenic strategies and delivering on the ultimate promise of regenerative medicine.
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46
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Enhancing Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Immunomodulation for Treating Conditions Influenced by the Immune System. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7219297. [PMID: 31467564 PMCID: PMC6701346 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7219297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), formerly known as mesenchymal stem cells, are nonhematopoietic multipotent cells and are emerging worldwide as the most clinically used and promising source for allogeneic cell therapy. MSCs, initially obtained from bone marrow, can be derived from several other tissues, such as adipose tissue, placenta, and umbilical cord. Diversity in tissue sourcing and manufacturing procedures has significant effects on MSC products. However, in 2006, a minimal set of standard criteria has been issued by the International Society of Cellular Therapy for defining derived MSCs. These include adherence to plastic in conventional culture conditions, particular phenotype, and multilineage differentiation capacity in vitro. Moreover, MSCs have trophic capabilities, a high in vitro self-renewal ability, and immunomodulatory characteristics. Thus, immunosuppressive treatment with MSCs has been proposed as a potential therapeutic alternative for conditions in which the immune system cells influence outcomes, such as inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The precise mechanism by which MSCs affect functions of most immune effector cells is not completely understood but involves direct contact with immune cells, soluble mediators, and local microenvironmental factors. Recently, it has been shown that their homeostatic resting state requires activation, which can be achieved in vitro with various cytokines, including interferon-γ. In the present review, we focus on the suppressive effect that MSCs exert on the immune system and highlight the significance of in vitro preconditioning and its use in preclinical studies. We discuss the clinical aspects of using MSCs as an immunomodulatory treatment. Finally, we comment on the risk of interfering with the immune system in regard to cancer formation and development.
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47
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Zhang J, Ding H, Liu X, Sheng Y, Liu X, Jiang C. Dental Follicle Stem Cells: Tissue Engineering and Immunomodulation. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:986-994. [PMID: 30968740 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunfei Sheng
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinqiang Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunmiao Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Irani S. Emerging insights into the biology of metastasis: A review article. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:833-847. [PMID: 31579438 PMCID: PMC6760483 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.32786.7839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis means the dissemination of the cancer cells from one organ to another which is not directly connected to the primary site. Metastasis has a crucial role in the prognosis of cancer patients. A few theories, different types of cell and several molecular pathways have been proposed to explain the mechanism of metastasis. In this work, the related articles in the limited period of time, 2000-mid -2018 were reviewed, through search in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus database. The articles published in the last two decades related to the biology of cancer metastasis were selected and the most important factors were discussed. Metastasis is critical factor to predict survival in patients with advanced cancer and prognosis determines the treatment plan. Many different cell types and various signaling pathways control the metastatic process. Metastasis is a multistep process. Many signaling pathways and molecules are involved in metastasis. Increasing knowledge about the mechanism of metastasis can help in finding the promising targets of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Dental Research Centre, Oral Pathology Department, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan,Iran, Lecturer at Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Lu D, Ma T, Zhou X, Jiang Y, Han Y, Li H. B Lymphocytes Are the Target of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Immunoregulatory Effect in a Murine Graft-versus-Host Disease Model. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1279-1288. [PMID: 31257911 PMCID: PMC6767898 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719860127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing clinical interest in the utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the management of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), yet the effect of major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) on B lymphocytes in this process has been less well documented. Working in an MHC fully mismatched murine aGvHD model, we found that MSC co-transfer significantly prolonged the survival time of the recipients. More interestingly, analysis on immunophenotypic profiles of posttransplant splenocytes showed that surface expression of CD69 (an early activation marker) and CD86 (a costimulatory molecule) was suppressed predominantly on donor derived B lymphocytes by MSC infusion. Additionally, mRNA level of interleukin-4, a potent B lymphocyte stimulator, was strikingly reduced from MSC-treated mice, while interleukin-10, the regulatory B lymphocytes inductor, was increased; these may underlie the lesser activation of B lymphocytes. In consistence, depletion of B lymphocytes in the transfusion inoculum further prolonged the survival time of aGvHD mice regardless of MSC administration. Therefore, B lymphocytes played an important role in the development of aGvHD, and they are targets in MSC-regulated immune response cascade in vivo. This study may provide a mechanistic clue for the treatment of human clinical aGvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China.,Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - XiangBin Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - YanMing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rocket Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China.,Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Beijing, China
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50
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Joel MDM, Yuan J, Wang J, Yan Y, Qian H, Zhang X, Xu W, Mao F. MSC: immunoregulatory effects, roles on neutrophils and evolving clinical potentials. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3890-3904. [PMID: 31312397 PMCID: PMC6614638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, non-hematopoietic stem cells capable of differentiating into varieties of mature cell types such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts. MSCs can be isolated from different kinds of tissues and cultivated in vitro for amplification and passage easily. These cells have drawn researcher's attention lately due to their ability of tissue repair, properties of hematopoiesis support and function of immunoregulation through the secretion of a variety of cytokines and growth factors that have both paracrine and autocrine activities. MSCs can regulate the proliferation of T cells, the antibodies secretion of B cells, maturation of DC, polarization of macrophages and also have many effects on neutrophils such as the suppression of NO secretion, inhibition of apoptosis, reduction of their infiltration, decreasing of N-Formy l-L-Methionine-L-leucy l-L-phenylalanine, induction of respiratory bursts and promotion of survivals. In some conditions, MSCs exert their function of treatment through immunoregulation. We reviewed the multifaceted roles of MSCs in communicating with immune cells mainly neutrophils in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. MSCs may provide promising trends for cell therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbobda Defo Marius Joel
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Yuan
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong UniversityZhenjiang 212300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jingyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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