1
|
Brown C, Ray C, Kuketz G, Virostko J. Changes in Pancreas Volume in Living Donor Liver Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00732. [PMID: 38637920 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic factors have a significant role in the morbidity and mortality associated with chronic liver disease. The pancreas has a central role in metabolism and metabolic risk factors but has been largely ignored in liver transplantation. Small pancreas volume has been demonstrated in pathologic conditions such as type 1 and 2 diabetes. METHODS This study assessed abdominal imaging before and after liver transplantation to determine if liver transplantation induces changes in pancreas volume in living donor liver transplant recipients. Our secondary outcome is to correlate pancreas volume with demographic, clinical, and outcome data. We conducted a retrospective study of pancreas volume in patients enrolled in the adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation cohort study. Pancreas volume was manually calculated from 413 MRI or computed tomography images and correlated with imaging and clinical data. RESULTS Pancreas volume declined by an average of 24% (87.8 ± 25.2 mL to 66.8 ± 20.4 mL, P < 0.0001), regardless of liver disease etiology. Pancreas volume correlated with portal blood flow, spleen volume, and liver enzyme levels. We found a correlation between smaller pancreas volume pretransplant and longer intensive care unit (ICU) stay across all patients (P < 0.05). Individuals with an ICU stay of <2 d had a larger average pancreas volume pretransplant than those with an ICU stay of 2 d or longer (91.2 mL versus 82.2 mL, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pancreas volume is dynamic in liver transplant recipients and may reflect altered metabolism and risk of posttransplantation complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristal Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Callaghan Ray
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Garrett Kuketz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - John Virostko
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Soetikno V, Andini P, Iskandar M, Matheos CC, Herdiman JA, Kyle IK, Suma MNI, Louisa M, Estuningtyas A. Alpha-Mangosteen lessens high-fat/high-glucose diet and low-dose streptozotocin induced-hepatic manifestations in the insulin resistance rat model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:241-248. [PMID: 36655319 PMCID: PMC9969969 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2166086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT α-Mangosteen (α-MG) attenuates insulin resistance (IR). However, it is still unknown whether α-MG could alleviate hepatic manifestations in IR rats. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of α-MG on alleviating hepatic manifestations in IR rats through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS IR was induced by exposing male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g) to high-fat/high-glucose diet and low-dose injection of streptozotocin (HF/HG/STZ), then treated with α-MG at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. At the end of the study (11 weeks), serum and liver were harvested for biochemical analysis, and the activity of AMPK, SREBP-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, Bax and liver histopathology were analyzed. RESULTS α-MG at both doses significantly lowered ALT, AST, triglyceride, and cholesterol total by 16.5, 15.7, 38, and 36%, respectively. These beneficial effects of α-MG are associated with the downregulation of the IR-induced inflammation in the liver. Furthermore, α-MG, at both doses, activated AMPK by 24-29 times and reduced SREBP-1c by 44-50% as well as ACC expression by 19-31% similar to metformin. All treatment groups showed liver histopathology improvement regarding fat deposition in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings demonstrated, α-MG protected against HF/HG/STZ-induced hepatic manifestations of the IR rats, at least in part via the modulation of the AMPK/SREBP-1c/ACC pathway and it could be a potential drug candidate to prevent IR-induced hepatic manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Soetikno
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Prisma Andini
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Miskiyah Iskandar
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Joshua Alward Herdiman
- Undergraduate Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Iqbal Kevin Kyle
- Undergraduate Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ari Estuningtyas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mosaad YO, Hussein MA, Ateyya H, Mohamed AH, Ali AA, Ramadan Youssuf A, Wink M, El-Kholy AA. Vanin 1 Gene Role in Modulation of iNOS/MCP-1/TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Obese Diabetic Patients. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6745-6759. [PMID: 36540060 PMCID: PMC9760040 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s386506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cysteamine, a powerful endogenous antioxidant, is produced mostly by the vanin-1 with pantetheinase activity. With regard to glycemic, inflammatory, and redox factors, the current study sought to evaluate the association between the expression of the vanin-1 gene, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and iNOS signaling pathway in obese diabetic patients. METHODS We enrolled 67 male subjects with an average age of 53.5 ± 5.0 years, divided into 4 groups according to the WHO guideline. We determined their plasma levels of glucose, insulin, IRI, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C, TNF- α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, SOD, CAT, and TBARs, as well as expression of the iNOS and Vanin1 genes. RESULTS Overweight and obese class I and II diabetics had significantly higher levels of plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1c, TNF-α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, CAT, and TBAR as well as iNOS and vanin-1 gene expression compared to healthy control individuals. In addition, as compared to healthy control individuals, overweight obese class I and II diabetics' plasma HDL-C levels and blood SOD activity were significantly lower. In addition, ultrasound and computed tomography showed that the presence of a mild obscuring fatty liver with mild hepatic echogenicity appeared in overweight, class I and II obese diabetic patients. CONCLUSION These findings provide important information for understanding the correlation between Vanin 1 and glycemic, inflammatory, and redox factors in obese patients. Furthermore, US and CT analysis were performed to visualize the observed images of fatty liver due to obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser O Mosaad
- Department of Pharmacy, Practice & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdalla Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Health Science, October 6th University, October 6th City, Egypt
| | - Hayam Ateyya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Mohamed
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, October 6th University, October 6th City, Egypt
| | - Ali A Ali
- Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Ramadan Youssuf
- Consultant and Head of Cardiology Department, AL-AHRAR Teaching Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amal A El-Kholy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mehdi S, Ahmad FUD, Lodhi AH, Khurshid U, Khalid AA, Sidiq SS, Hussain L, Baig MS. Protective Effects of p-CA Against Acute Liver Damage Induced by LPS/D-GalN in Wistar Albino Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3327-3342. [PMID: 36199629 PMCID: PMC9527823 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s380324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seerat Mehdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Correspondence: Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Khawaja Fareed Campus, Railway Road, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan, Tel +92-320-8402376, Email
| | - Arslan Hussain Lodhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Umair Khurshid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Awais Khalid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Safeena Sidiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Shaharyar Baig
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Insulin Resistance and Cancer: In Search for a Causal Link. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011137. [PMID: 34681797 PMCID: PMC8540232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition which refers to individuals whose cells and tissues become insensitive to the peptide hormone, insulin. Over the recent years, a wealth of data has made it clear that a synergistic relationship exists between IR, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Although the underlying mechanism(s) for this association remain unclear, it is well established that hyperinsulinemia, a hallmark of IR, may play a role in tumorigenesis. On the other hand, IR is strongly associated with visceral adiposity dysfunction and systemic inflammation, two conditions which favor the establishment of a pro-tumorigenic environment. Similarly, epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA, in IR states, have been often associated with tumorigenesis in numerous types of human cancer. In addition to these observations, it is also broadly accepted that gut microbiota may play an intriguing role in the development of IR-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cancer, whereas potential chemopreventive properties have been attributed to some of the most commonly used antidiabetic medications. Herein we provide a concise overview of the most recent literature in this field and discuss how different but interrelated molecular pathways may impact on tumor development.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hou L, Jiang F, Huang B, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Cai G, Liu D, Hu CY, Wang C. Dihydromyricetin Ameliorates Inflammation-Induced Insulin Resistance via Phospholipase C-CaMKK-AMPK Signal Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8542809. [PMID: 34650665 PMCID: PMC8510796 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8542809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with metabolic syndrome have a higher risk of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome has become an urgent public health problem. Insulin resistance is the common pathophysiological basis of metabolic syndrome. The higher incidence of insulin resistance in obese groups is due to increased levels of inflammatory factors during obesity. Therefore, developing a therapeutic strategy for insulin resistance has great significance for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Dihydromyricetin, as a bioactive polyphenol, has been used for anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and improving insulin sensitivity. However, the target of DHM and molecular mechanism of DHM for preventing inflammation-induced insulin resistance is still unclear. In this study, we first confirmed the role of dihydromyricetin in inflammation-induced insulin resistance in vivo and in vitro. Then, we demonstrated that dihydromyricetin resisted inflammation-induced insulin resistance by activating Ca2+-CaMKK-AMPK using signal pathway blockers, Ca2+ probes, and immunofluorescence. Finally, we clarified that dihydromyricetin activated Ca2+-CaMKK-AMPK signaling pathway by interacting with the phospholipase C (PLC), its target protein, using drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay. Our results not only demonstrated that dihydromyricetin resisted inflammation-induced insulin resistance via the PLC-CaMKK-AMPK signal pathway but also discovered that the target protein of dihydromyricetin is the PLC. Our results provided experimental data for the development of dihydromyricetin as a functional food and new therapeutic strategies for treating or preventing PLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518 Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyi Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Weijie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Yufei Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Ching Yuan Hu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Obesity Development and Signs of Metabolic Abnormalities in Young Göttingen Minipigs Consuming Energy Dense Diets Varying in Carbohydrate Quality. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051560. [PMID: 34066330 PMCID: PMC8148203 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fructose has been associated with a higher risk of developing obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of fructose compared to starch from high-amylose maize starch (HiMaize) at ad libitum feeding in a juvenile Göttingen Minipig model with 20% of the diet provided as fructose as a high-risk diet (HR, n = 15) and 20% as HiMaize as a lower-risk control diet (LR, n = 15). The intake of metabolizable energy was on average similar (p = 0.11) among diets despite increased levels of the satiety hormone PYY measured in plasma (p = 0.0005) of the LR pigs. However, after over 20 weeks of ad libitum feeding, no difference between diets was observed in daily weight gain (p = 0.103), and a difference in BW was observed only at the end of the experiment. The ad libitum feeding promoted an obese phenotype over time in both groups with increased plasma levels of glucose (p = 0.005), fructosamine (p < 0.001), insulin (p = 0.03), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.02), whereas the clinical markers of dyslipidemia were unaffected. When compared to the LR diet, fructose did not accelerate the progression of MetS associated parameters and largely failed to change markers that indicate a stimulated de novo lipogenesis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lima TDR, Voltarelli FA, Freire LS, da Silva FA, de Almeida PC, Ávila ETP, de França SA, Pereira MP, Damazo AS, Navalta JW, Fett CA, Kawashita NH. High-fat diet and fructose drink introduced after weaning rats, induces a better human obesity model than very high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13671. [PMID: 33694197 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we associated a high-fat diet (HF group: 45% kcal from lipids) or very high-fat (VHF group: 60% kcal from lipids) diet with a fructose drink (10% fructose) for hydration. Normal rat chow that received the control diet (content 16.3% kcal from lipid-AIN93G) and water. The treatments were introduced soon after weaning and were administered for 70 days. We aimed to compare HF and VHF groups and find which acts as a better model mimicking human obesity. Body mass gain, final body weight, adipocyte area in inguinal depots, visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots, serum triacylglycerol, and VLDL-c were all higher in the HF group, followed by the VHF group, compared to the C group. Only the HF group showed hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia and higher total caloric intake, Lee index, HOMA2-IR, and total cholesterol. Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were lower in the HF and VHF groups than in the C group at the end for 70 days. In Summary, the HF (45%) diet administered with fructose induced a higher similarity of metabolic and hormonal alterations associated with human obesity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: High intake of lipids with sugary drinks has been associated with obesity and its comorbidities. Although a diet with 45% or 60% of lipids is considered hyperlipidic, they are different in their effects on eating behavior and also probably from a metabolic point of view. Common sense is that the reduction in intake of lipids is favorable to health. Our study shows that this is not wholly true, and this information contributes to the guidelines for the treatment of obesity. In addition, the scientific literature on the subject has shown the most diverse results and also the use of experimental models with few similarities with human obesity. Our findings can contribute as a good model of obesity initiated during childhood to investigate possible using nutritional strategies, or the adoption of ergogenic nutritional resources in future studies, for example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago da Rosa Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences and Nutrition, Academic Center of Varzea Grande, Várzea Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paula Caroline de Almeida
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Eudes Thiago Pereira Ávila
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amílcar Sabino Damazo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - James Wilfred Navalta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Carlos Alexandre Fett
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang S, Sousa A, Lin M, Iwano A, Jain R, Ma B, Lee CM, Park JW, Kamle S, Carlson R, Lee GG, Elias JA, Wands JR. Role of Chitinase 3-Like 1 Protein in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2021; 10:201. [PMID: 33498326 PMCID: PMC7909438 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A recently discovered human glycoprotein, chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3L1), may play a role in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and visceral fat accumulation. We hypothesize that Chi3L1 gene expression is important in the development of hepatic insulin resistance characterized by the generation of pAKT, pGSK, and pERK in wild type and Chi3L1 knockout (KO) murine liver following insulin stimulation. The Chi3L1 gene and protein expression was evaluated by Real Time PCR and ELISA; lipid accumulation in hepatocytes was also assessed. To alter Chi3L1 function, three different anti-Chi3L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were administered in vivo and effects on the insulin signaling cascade and hepatic lipid deposition were determined. Transmission of the hepatic insulin signal was substantially improved following KO of the CHi3L1 gene and there was reduced lipid deposition produced by a HFD. The HFD-fed mice exhibited increased Chi3L1 expression in the liver and there was impaired insulin signal transduction. All three anti-Chi3L1 mAbs partially restored hepatic insulin sensitivity which was associated with reduced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes as well. A KO of the Chi3L1 gene reduced lipid accumulation and improved insulin signaling. Therefore, Chi3L1 gene upregulation may be an important factor in the generation of NAFLD/NASH phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Aryanna Sousa
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Mengqui Lin
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Ayako Iwano
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Rishubh Jain
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Chang Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Jin Wook Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Suchitra Kamle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Rolf Carlson
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Ghun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Jack A. Elias
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jack R. Wands
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Influence of Physical Activity on the Bioactive Lipids Metabolism in Obesity-Induced Muscle Insulin Resistance. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121665. [PMID: 33322719 PMCID: PMC7764345 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet consumption and lack of physical activity are important risk factors for metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance is a state of a weakened response of tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver to insulin, which causes an increase in blood glucose levels. This condition is the result of inhibition of the intracellular insulin signaling pathway. Skeletal muscle is an important insulin-sensitive tissue that accounts for about 80% of insulin-dependent glucose uptake. Although the exact mechanism by which insulin resistance is induced has not been thoroughly understood, it is known that insulin resistance is most commonly associated with obesity. Therefore, it is believed that lipids may play an important role in inducing insulin resistance. Among lipids, researchers’ attention is mainly focused on biologically active lipids: diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramides. These lipids are able to regulate the activity of intracellular enzymes, including those involved in insulin signaling. Available data indicate that physical activity affects lipid metabolism and has a positive effect on insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles. In this review, we have presented the current state of knowledge about the impact of physical activity on insulin resistance and metabolism of biologically active lipids.
Collapse
|
11
|
Adaptive Fat Oxidation Is Coupled with Increased Lipid Storage in Adipose Tissue of Female Mice Fed High Dietary Fat and Sucrose. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082233. [PMID: 32726932 PMCID: PMC7469071 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Western diets high in fat and sucrose are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although the prevalence of MetS in women is comparable to that in men, metabolic adaptations in females to Western diet have not been reported in preclinical studies. This study investigates the effects of Western diet on risk factors for MetS in female mice. Based on our earlier studies in male mice, we hypothesized that dietary supplementation with extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L. (PMI5011) and Momordica charantia (bitter melon) could affect MetS risk factors in females. Eight-week-old female mice were fed a 10% kcal fat, 17% kcal sucrose diet (LFD); high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFS; 45% kcal fat, 30% kcal sucrose); or HFS diet with PMI5011 or bitter melon for three months. Body weight and adiposity in all HFS groups were greater than the LFD. Total cholesterol level was elevated with the HFS diets along with LDL cholesterol, but triglycerides and free fatty acids were unchanged from the LFD. Over the three month period, female mice responded to the HFS diet by adaptive increases in fat oxidation energy in muscle and liver. This was coupled with increased fat storage in white and brown adipose tissue depots. These responses were enhanced with botanical supplementation and confer protection from ectopic lipid accumulation associated with MetS in female mice fed an HFS diet.
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang S, Young JL, Wang K, Qian Y, Cai L. Diabetic‑induced alterations in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism: The role of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:603-611. [PMID: 32468027 PMCID: PMC7339764 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health concern in society. Type 1 and type 2 DM are the two main types of diabetes; both types are chronic diseases that affect glucose metabolism in the body and the impaired regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism promotes the development and progression of DM. During the physiological metabolism process, the liver serves a unique role in glucose and lipid metabolism. The present article aimed to review the association between DM and glucose metabolism in the liver and discuss the changes of the following hepatic glucose fluxes: Gluconeogenesis, glucose/glucose 6-phosphate cycling, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Moreover, the incidence of fatty liver in DM was also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saizhi Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jamie L Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is Associated with Higher Metabolic Expenditure in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081830. [PMID: 31394881 PMCID: PMC6723627 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition in Western countries. However, their metabolic characteristics are poorly known even though they could be important. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure resting metabolic parameters in overweight/obese adults with hepatic steatosis compared to controls, matched for age, sex, and obesity level. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed with liver ultrasound. Energy metabolism was measured with indirect calorimetry: energy expenditure (REE), predicted REE, the ratio between REE and the predicted REE, and the respiratory quotient (RQ) were reported. We measured some anthropometric, body composition, and bio-humoral parameters; 301 participants with NAFLD were matched for age, sex, and obesity level with 301 participants without NAFLD. People with NAFLD showed significantly higher REE (1523 ± 238 vs. 1464 ± 212 kcal, p = 0.005), REE/REE predicted ratio (98.2 ± 9.4 vs. 95.7 ± 8.1, p = 0.002), and RQ (0.88 ± 0.08 vs. 0.85 ± 0.07, p = 0.03). Moreover, the NAFLD group had significantly higher inflammatory and insulin-resistance parameters compared to controls. In conclusion, NAFLD is associated with a significantly higher metabolic expenditure, as measured with indirect calorimetry, compared to a similar cohort of individuals without this condition. Higher inflammatory levels in patients with NAFLD can probably explain our findings, even if other research is needed on this issue.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sohail N, Hira K, Tariq A, Sultana V, Ehteshamul-Haque S. Marine macro-algae attenuates nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin and acetaminophen in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:25301-25311. [PMID: 31256398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is considered one of the best anticancer medications often used for the treatment of various cancers even with its adverse effects. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used analgesic-antipyretic drug that causes hepatotoxicity at higher than the effective doses. The present study assesses the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of two seaweeds against cisplatin and acetaminophen toxicity in rats. Damage to the liver and kidney was induced by administering a single intraperitoneal dose of acetaminophen (600 mg/kg) or cisplatin (7 mg/kg) to groups of rats. The damage to the liver and kidney was assessed by the elevated liver (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, electrolytes) and kidney (urea, creatinine) biomarkers. The ethanol extract of brown seaweed reversed the elevated levels of kidney and liver biomarkers along with triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose. Among the two seaweeds, Sargassum ilicifolium showed better nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects than the standard drug N-Acetyl-cysteine, Halymenia porphyroides showed only limited protection. Findings of this study provide evidence of nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of S. ilicifolium. Seaweed could be a beneficial dietary supplement to attenuate nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nida Sohail
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khan Hira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amna Tariq
- M.A.H. Qadri Biological Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Viqar Sultana
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Junior MDF, Cavalcante KVN, Ferreira LA, Lopes PR, Pontes CNR, Bessa ADSMD, Neves ÂR, Francisco FA, Pedrino GR, Xavier CH, Mathias PCDF, Castro CHD, Gomes RM. Postnatal early overfeeding induces cardiovascular dysfunction by oxidative stress in adult male Wistar rats. Life Sci 2019; 226:173-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
16
|
Association between dietary fibre:carbohydrate intake ratio and insulin resistance in Japanese adults without type 2 diabetes. Br J Nutr 2019; 119:620-628. [PMID: 29553029 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An easily understandable index that measures the quality of carbohydrate may aid people in adopting dietary habits that improve their glucose tolerance. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between a ratio of dietary fibre to carbohydrate intakes (fibre:carbohydrate ratio (F:C-R)) and glucose tolerance cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Subjects were 190 Japanese men and women without type 2 diabetes (mean age 55·4 years) who participated in a 5-month diet and exercise programme. We compared baseline anthropometric, dietary and metabolic profiles between those with higher F:C-R and those with lower ratios. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between the F:C-R and homoeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HbA1c at baseline and between changes in the F:C-R and changes in HOMA-IR and HbA1c over the 5-month period. At baseline, the higher F:C-R group had significantly lower body weight, lean body mass, fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR as compared with the lower F:C-R group. The two groups had similar intakes of carbohydrate and fat, whereas protein intake was greater in the high F:C-R group. Baseline F:C-R was not significantly associated with HOMA-IR or HbA1c at the beginning of the study in multivariable models. Increases in the ratio during the 5-month programme was associated with reductions in HbA1c (P<0·001). These findings highlight the potential utility of the F:C-R in strategies aimed at type 2 diabetes prevention.
Collapse
|
17
|
García-Berumen CI, Ortiz-Avila O, Vargas-Vargas MA, Del Rosario-Tamayo BA, Guajardo-López C, Saavedra-Molina A, Rodríguez-Orozco AR, Cortés-Rojo C. The severity of rat liver injury by fructose and high fat depends on the degree of respiratory dysfunction and oxidative stress induced in mitochondria. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:78. [PMID: 30927921 PMCID: PMC6441141 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High fat or fructose induces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accompanied of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Controversy remains about whether fructose or fat is more deleterious for NAFLD development. To get more insights about this issue and to determine if the severity of liver disease induced by fructose or fat is related to degree of mitochondrial dysfunction, we compared the effects of diets containing high fat (HF), fructose (Fr) or high fat plus fructose (HF + Fr) on NAFLD development, mitochondrial function, ROS production and lipid peroxidation. METHODS Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: Control, fed with standard rodent chow; High fat (HF), supplemented with lard and hydrogenated vegetable oil; Fructose (Fr), supplemented with 25% fructose in the drinking water; High fat plus fructose group (HF + Fr), fed with both HF and Fr diets. Rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks of diets consumption and the liver was excised for histopathological analysis by hematoxylin and eosin staining and for mitochondria isolation. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by measuring both mitochondrial respiration and complex I activity. Lipid peroxidation and ROS production were evaluated in mitochondria by the thiobarbituric acid method and with the fluorescent ROS probe 2,4-H2DCFDA, respectively. RESULTS Fr group underwent the lower degree of both liver damage and mitochondrial dysfunction that manifested like less than 20% of hepatocytes with microvesicular steatosis and partial decrease in state 3 respiration, respectively. HF group displayed an intermediate degree of damage as it showed 40% of hepatocytes with microvesicular steatosis and diminution of both state 3 respiration and complex I activity. HF + Fr group displayed more severe damage as showed microvesicular steatosis in 60% of hepatocytes and inflammation, while mitochondria exhibited fully inhibited state 3 respiration, impaired complex I activity and increased ROS generation. Exacerbation of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was observed in both the Fr and HF + Fr groups. CONCLUSION Severity of liver injury induced by fructose or fat was related to the degree of dysfunction and oxidative damage in mitochondria. Attention should be paid on the serious effects observed in the HF + Fr group as the typical Western diet is rich in both fat and carbohydrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Isabel García-Berumen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Ortiz-Avila
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Clotilde Guajardo-López
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado - ISSSTE, Carr. Morelia-Atapaneo Km 6, Atapaneo, 58300, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Alain Raimundo Rodríguez-Orozco
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58020, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lan YL, Lou JC, Lyu W, Zhang B. Update on the synergistic effect of HSL and insulin in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2019; 10:2042018819877300. [PMID: 31565213 PMCID: PMC6755629 DOI: 10.1177/2042018819877300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is one of the three lipases in adipose tissue present during periods of energy demand. HSL is tightly controlled by insulin regulation via the central and peripheral systems. The suppressive effects of insulin on HSL are also associated with complex crosstalk with other pathways in the metabolic network. Because impaired insulin action is the driving force behind the pathogenesis of diabetes and other metabolic complications, elucidation of the intricate relationships between HSL and insulin may provide an in-depth understanding of these pandemic diseases and potentially identify strategies to inhibit disease development. Insulin not only differentially regulates HSL isoform transcription but also post-transcriptionally affects HSL phosphorylation by stimulating PKA and endothelin (ET-1), and controls its expression indirectly via regulating the activity of growth hormone (GH). In addition, a rapid elevation of HSL levels was detected after insulin injection in patients, which suggests that the inhibitory effects of insulin on HSL can be overridden by insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Conversely, individuals with hereditary HSL deficiency, and animals with experimental HSL deletion, showed major disruptions in mRNA/protein expression in insulin signaling pathways, ultimately leading to insulin resistance, diabetes, and fatty liver. Notably, HSL inactivation could cause insulin-independent fatty liver, while insulin resistance induced by HSL deficiency may further aggravate disease progression. The common beliefs that HSL is the overall rate-limiting enzyme in lipolysis and that insulin is an inhibitor of HSL have been challenged by recent discoveries; therefore, a renewed examination of their relationships is required. In this review, by analyzing current data related to the role of, and mutual regulation between, HSL and insulin and discussing unanswered questions and disparities in different lines of studies, the authors intend to shed light on our understanding of lipid metabolism and provide a rational basis for future research in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical
University, Dalian, China
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical
University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Lyu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li XH, Wang HP, Tan J, Wu YD, Yang M, Mao CZ, Gao SF, Li H, Chen H, Cai WB. Loss of pigment epithelium-derived factor leads to ovarian oxidative damage accompanied by diminished ovarian reserve in mice. Life Sci 2018; 216:129-139. [PMID: 30414426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to investigate the pathophysiological role and mechanism of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) deletion in ovarian damage. METHODS Female PEDF-knockout mice and their wild-type littermates were used in this study. Relevant tests were performed at 8-10 weeks or 32 weeks of age. KEY FINDINGS Compared to the wild-type mice, the PEDF-knockout mice showed diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), worse ovum quality after injection to induce controlled ovarian stimulation, increased serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level and an follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone (FSH/LH) ratio. Moreover, severe ovarian oxidative damage was found in ovaries of PEDF-knockout mice that mainly manifested as an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF‑E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway activation, significantly upregulated expression of ROS-generating genes. Correspondingly, the PEDF-knockout mice exhibited lipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance, which mainly manifested as obesity, abdominal fat accumulation, adipocyte enlargement, severe ectopic fat deposition, dyslipidemia, changes in adipokine levels, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired insulin tolerance and significantly declined protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation levels. SIGNIFICANCE Loss of PEDF leads to ovarian oxidative damage accompanied by DOR in mice, this is related to PEDF deficiency induced severe insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorder. Therefore, PEDF may be a potential target for the treatment of diseases related to ovarian oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hui Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Ping Wang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-di Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cheng-Zhou Mao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sai-Fei Gao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wei-Bin Cai
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Marunaka Y. The Proposal of Molecular Mechanisms of Weak Organic Acids Intake-Induced Improvement of Insulin Resistance in Diabetes Mellitus via Elevation of Interstitial Fluid pH. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103244. [PMID: 30347717 PMCID: PMC6214001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood contains powerful pH-buffering molecules such as hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin, while interstitial fluids have little pH-buffering molecules. Thus, even under metabolic disorder conditions except severe cases, arterial blood pH is kept constant within the normal range (7.35~7.45), but the interstitial fluid pH under metabolic disorder conditions becomes lower than the normal level. Insulin resistance is one of the most important key factors in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, nevertheless the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance occurrence is still unclear. Our studies indicate that lowered interstitial fluid pH occurs in diabetes mellitus, causing insulin resistance via reduction of the binding affinity of insulin to its receptor. Therefore, the key point for improvement of insulin resistance occurring in diabetes mellitus is development of methods or techniques elevating the lowered interstitial fluid pH. Intake of weak organic acids is found to improve the insulin resistance by elevating the lowered interstitial fluid pH in diabetes mellitus. One of the molecular mechanisms of the pH elevation is that: (1) the carboxyl group (R-COO−) but not H+ composing weak organic acids in foods is absorbed into the body, and (2) the absorbed the carboxyl group (R-COO−) behaves as a pH buffer material, elevating the interstitial fluid pH. On the other hand, high salt intake has been suggested to cause diabetes mellitus; however, the molecular mechanism is unclear. A possible mechanism of high salt intake-caused diabetes mellitus is proposed from a viewpoint of regulation of the interstitial fluid pH: high salt intake lowers the interstitial fluid pH via high production of H+ associated with ATP synthesis required for the Na+,K+-ATPase to extrude the high leveled intracellular Na+ caused by high salt intake. This review article introduces the molecular mechanism causing the lowered interstitial fluid pH and insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus, the improvement of insulin resistance via intake of weak organic acid-containing foods, and a proposal mechanism of high salt intake-caused diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan.
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto 602-8013, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Crescenzo R, Cigliano L, Mazzoli A, Cancelliere R, Carotenuto R, Tussellino M, Liverini G, Iossa S. Early Effects of a Low Fat, Fructose-Rich Diet on Liver Metabolism, Insulin Signaling, and Oxidative Stress in Young and Adult Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:411. [PMID: 29755364 PMCID: PMC5932594 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the use of refined food, which is rich in fructose, is of particular concern in children and adolescents, since the total caloric intake and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome are increasing continuously in these populations. Nevertheless, the effects of high fructose diet have been mostly investigated in adults, by focusing on the effect of a long-term fructose intake. Notably, some reports evidenced that even short-term fructose intake exerts detrimental effects on metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the metabolic changes induced by the fructose-rich diet in rats of different age, i.e., young (30 days old) and adult (90 days old) rats. The fructose-rich diet increased whole body lipid content in adult, but not in young rats. The analysis of liver markers of inflammation suggests that different mechanisms depending on the age might be activated after the fructose-rich diet. In fact, a pro-inflammatory gene-expression analysis showed just a minor activation of macrophages in young rats compared to adult rats, while other markers of low-grade metabolic inflammation (TNF-alpha, myeloperoxidase, lipocalin, haptoglobin) significantly increased. Inflammation was associated with oxidative damage to hepatic lipids in young and adult rats, while increased levels of hepatic nitrotyrosine and ceramides were detected only in young rats. Interestingly, fructose-induced hepatic insulin resistance was evident in young but not in adult rats, while whole body insulin sensitivity decreased both in fructose-fed young and adult rats. Taken together, the present data indicate that young rats do not increase their body lipids but are exposed to metabolic perturbations, such as hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative stress, in line with the finding that increased fructose intake may be an important predictor of metabolic risk in young people, independently of weight status. These results indicate the need of corrective nutritional interventions for young people and adults as well for the prevention of fructose-induced metabolic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Cancelliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Carotenuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Liverini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chakraborty TR, Gomez V, Adhikari D, Chakraborty S. The Synergism in Hormonal and Cellular Changes in Male Mice on Long Term High Fat Exposure. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29533142 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1412276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the hormonal changes that occur as a result of the long-term intake of a very-high-fat diet (VHFD) that leads to simultaneous changes in the islets of Langerhans and adipocyte cell size. METHODS Male mice were fed with a normal chow diet (ND, n = 15) and a VHFD (n = 30) for 2, 12, and 24 weeks. Body weight, food intake, caloric intake (fat [saturated and unsaturated], protein, and carbohydrate), hormone levels (leptin and insulin), and islet of Langerhans/adipocyte size were quantitatively recorded. RESULTS In VHFD-fed animals, body weight showed a significant percent increase within the first 12 weeks and then plateaued with time. VHFD-fed animals consumed significantly less food than ND at all time periods, indicating that it was the quality of food and not the quantity that caused this increase in body weight. Male mice on VHFD showed a significant increase in leptin and insulin levels, along with accompanying growth in islet and adipocyte size within the first 12 weeks, which plateaued as the mice aged. The increases in the islet and adipocyte size in VHFD-fed animals were similar to the analogous increases in hormonal levels (2 vs. 12 vs. 24 weeks). These results, therefore, suggest that in diet-induced obesity changes, shifts in hormonal levels works hand-in-hand with metabolic adjustments at the cellular level to combat the effect of fat. CONCLUSION Thus, mechanisms like hormonal resistance, changes in adiposity, islet size, and caloric intake with prolonged exposure to high fat are probably defensive mechanisms employed to protect against diabetes. In order to understand these complicated and nuanced effects of high fat and to comprehend the underlying mechanism associated with it, it is important to focus on long-term studies that emphasize the synergy between cellular and hormonal changes, in addition to an analysis of individual components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tandra R Chakraborty
- a Department of Biology , Adelphi University , Garden City, New York , New York , USA
| | - Victoria Gomez
- a Department of Biology , Adelphi University , Garden City, New York , New York , USA
| | | | - Sanjoy Chakraborty
- c Department of Biological Sciences , New York City College of Technology / CUNY , New York , New York , USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li J, Yu H, Wang S, Wang W, Chen Q, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang T. Natural products, an important resource for discovery of multitarget drugs and functional food for regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:121-135. [PMID: 29391777 PMCID: PMC5768189 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s151860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Imbalanced hepatic glucose homeostasis is one of the critical pathologic events in the development of metabolic syndromes (MSs). Therefore, regulation of imbalanced hepatic glucose homeostasis is important in drug development for MS treatment. In this review, we discuss the major targets that regulate hepatic glucose homeostasis in human physiologic and pathophysiologic processes, involving hepatic glucose uptake, glycolysis and glycogen synthesis, and summarize their changes in MSs. Recent literature suggests the necessity of multitarget drugs in the management of MS disorder for regulation of imbalanced glucose homeostasis in both experimental models and MS patients. Here, we highlight the potential bioactive compounds from natural products with medicinal or health care values, and focus on polypharmacologic and multitarget natural products with effects on various signaling pathways in hepatic glucose metabolism. This review shows the advantage and feasibility of discovering multicompound-multitarget drugs from natural products, and providing a new perspective of ways on drug and functional food development for MSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Wei Wang
- Internal Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Yanmin Ma
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
da Costa GF, Santos IB, de Bem GF, Cordeiro VSC, da Costa CA, de Carvalho LCRM, Ognibene DT, Resende AC, de Moura RS. The Beneficial Effect of Anthocyanidin-Rich Vitis vinifera L. Grape Skin Extract on Metabolic Changes Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice Involves Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Actions. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1621-1632. [PMID: 28840618 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that a polyphenol-rich extract from Vitis vinifera L. grape skin (GSE) may exert beneficial effects on obesity and related metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). C57/BL6 mice were fed a standard diet (10% fat, control, and GSE groups) or an HFD (60% fat, high fat (HF), and HF + GSE) with or without GSE (200 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. GSE prevented weight gain; dyslipidemia; insulin resistance; the alterations in plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin; and the deregulation of leptin and adiponectin expression in adipose tissue. These beneficial effects of GSE may be related to a positive modulation of insulin signaling proteins (IR, pIRS, PI3K, pAKT), pAMPK/AMPK ratio, and GLUT4 expression in muscle and adipose tissue. In addition, GSE prevented the oxidative damage, evidenced by the restoration of antioxidant activity and decrease of malondialdehyde and carbonyl levels in muscle and adipose tissue. Finally, GSE showed an anti-inflammatory action, evidenced by the reduced plasma and adipose tissue inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6). Our results suggest that GSE prevented the obesity and related metabolic disorders in HF-fed mice by regulating insulin sensitivity and GLUT4 expression as well as by preventing the oxidative stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisele França da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maejima Y, Aoyama M, Sakamoto K, Jojima T, Aso Y, Takasu K, Takenosihita S, Shimomura K. Impact of sex, fat distribution and initial body weight on oxytocin's body weight regulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8599. [PMID: 28819236 PMCID: PMC5561196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered as a worldwide problem in both males and females. Although many studies have demonstrated the efficiency of oxytocin (Oxt) as an anti-obesity peptide, there is no comparative study of its effect in males and females. This study aims to determine factors (sex, initial body weight, and fat distribution) that may affect the ability of Oxt to regulate body weight (BW). With regard to sex, Oxt reduced BW similarly in males and females under both high fat diet (HFD) and standard chow-fed condition. The BW reduction induced by Oxt correlated with initial BW in male and female mice under HFD conditions. Oxt showed an equal efficacy in fat degradation in both the visceral and subcutaneous fat mass in both males and females fed with HFD. The effect of Oxt on BW reduction was attenuated in standard chow-fed male and female mice. Therefore, our results suggest that administration of Oxt is more effective in reducing BW in subjects with a high initial BW with increased fat accumulation. The present data contains important information for the possible clinical application of Oxt for the treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Maejima
- Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima-shi, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Masato Aoyama
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya-Shi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuho Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima-shi, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Teruo Jojima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu-Machi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Aso
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu-Machi, 321-0293, Japan
| | | | - Seiichi Takenosihita
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-shi, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima-shi, 960-1295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Z, Hwang SH, Kim JH, Lim SS. Anti-Obesity Effect of the Above-Ground Part of Valeriana dageletiana Nakai ex F. Maek Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6N Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070689. [PMID: 28671595 PMCID: PMC5537804 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Valeriana dageletiana Nakai ex F. Maek (VD) has been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of restlessness and sleeping disorders. However, it is still unclear whether obesity in mice can be altered by diet supplementation with VD. In this study, we first investigated the influences of VD on the accumulation of lipid content in 3T3-L1 cells; and the results showed that the above-ground VD extracts (VDAE) suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Thus, the effects of VDAE on preventing obesity were then studied in the C57BL/6N mice for 10 weeks (n = 6): normal-fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with 1% (10 g/kg) Garcinia combogia extract (positive control), and HFD supplemented with 1% (10 g/kg) VDAE. The results showed that VDAE reduced food efficiency ratio, body weight, epididymal adipose and hepatic tissue weight, hepatic lipid metabolites, and triacylglycerol and cholesterol serum levels compared to the high-fat diet group. Moreover, VD significantly inhibited the expression of adipogenic genes, such as PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, and aP2, and lipogenic genes, such as SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, and CD36, in epididymal adipose tissue and hepatic tissue. These findings indicate anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effects of VDAE and suggest that it could be a potent functional food ingredient for the prevention of high-fat diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Seung Hwan Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
- Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Buechler C, Haberl EM, Rein-Fischboeck L, Aslanidis C. Adipokines in Liver Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1392. [PMID: 28661458 PMCID: PMC5535885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis, which is considered a serious disease. The Child-Pugh score and the model of end-stage liver disease score have been established to assess residual liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis. The development of portal hypertension contributes to ascites, variceal bleeding and further complications in these patients. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is used to lower portal pressure, which represents a major improvement in the treatment of patients. Adipokines are proteins released from adipose tissue and modulate hepatic fibrogenesis. These proteins affect various biological processes that are involved in liver function, including angiogenesis, vasodilation, inflammation and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. The best studied adipokines are adiponectin and leptin. Adiponectin protects against hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis, and leptin functions as a profibrogenic factor. These and other adipokines are supposed to modulate disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis. Consequently, circulating levels of these proteins have been analyzed to identify associations with parameters of hepatic function, portal hypertension and its associated complications in patients with liver cirrhosis. This review article briefly addresses the role of adipokines in hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Here, studies having analyzed these proteins in systemic blood in cirrhotic patients are listed to identify adipokines that are comparably changed in the different cohorts of patients with liver cirrhosis. Some studies measured these proteins in systemic, hepatic and portal vein blood or after TIPS to specify the tissues contributing to circulating levels of these proteins and the effect of portal hypertension, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth M Haberl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Charalampos Aslanidis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Takeuchi M, Takino JI, Sakasai-Sakai A, Takata T, Tsutsumi M. Toxic AGE (TAGE) Theory for the Pathophysiology of the Onset/Progression of NAFLD and ALD. Nutrients 2017; 9:E634. [PMID: 28632197 PMCID: PMC5490613 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are among the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the westernized world. NAFLD and ALD are frequently accompanied by extrahepatic complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma and cardiovascular diseases, which have a negative impact on patient survival. The chronic ingestion of an excessive daily diet containing sugar/high-fructose corn syrup increases the level of the fructose/glucose metabolite, glyceraldehyde (GA), while the chronic consumption of an excessive number of alcoholic beverages increases the level of the alcohol metabolite, acetaldehyde (AA) in the liver. GA and AA are known to react non-enzymatically with the ε- or α-amino groups of proteins, thereby generating advanced glycation end-products (AGEs, GA-AGEs, and AA-AGEs, respectively) in vivo. The interaction between GA-AGEs and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) alters intracellular signaling, gene expression, and the release of pro-inflammatory molecules and also elicits the production of reactive oxygen species by human hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, all of which may contribute to the pathological changes associated with chronic liver diseases. We herein discuss the pathophysiological roles of GA-AGEs and AA-AGEs (toxic AGEs, TAGE) and a related novel theory for preventing the onset/progression of NAFLD and ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Takino
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1, Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan.
| | - Akiko Sakasai-Sakai
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Takata
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Mikihiro Tsutsumi
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The Protective Effects of p-Coumaric Acid on Acute Liver and Kidney Damages Induced by Cisplatin. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5020018. [PMID: 28536361 PMCID: PMC5489804 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of p-Coumaric acid (PCA) on cisplatin (CIS)-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Wistar adult rats for 24 h compared to untreated control groups. In this experiment, 40 Wistar adult rats were utilized and divided randomly into five groups. After 24 h of CIS administration, liver and kidneys were harvested and assessed by H&E staining. Also, markers for oxidative stress and antioxidants were analyzed in theses tissues. Compared to the control group, accumulation of malondialdehyde was increased in groups treated CIS, whereas superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione levels were distinctly diminished in this group. The study's histopathological findings such as hydropic degeneration, vascular congestion, sinusoidal dilatation in hepatocytes and tubular necrosis in kidneys were in accordance with the results of markers for oxidative stress. PCA may prevent hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity by increased antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidant parameters.
Collapse
|
30
|
The Metalloproteinase ADAM28 Promotes Metabolic Dysfunction in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040884. [PMID: 28430139 PMCID: PMC5412464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are major causes of morbidity and mortality globally. The current study builds upon our previous association studies highlighting that A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 28 (ADAM28) appears to be implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. Our novel study characterised the expression of ADAM28 in mice with the metabolic syndrome and used molecular inhibition approaches to investigate the functional role of ADAM28 in the pathogenesis of high fat diet-induced obesity. We identified that ADAM28 mRNA and protein expression was markedly increased in the livers of mice with the metabolic syndrome. In addition, noradrenaline, the major neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system, results in elevated Adam28 mRNA expression in human monocytes. Downregulation of ADAM28 with siRNA technology resulted in a lack of weight gain, promotion of insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance and decreased liver tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in our diet-induced obesity mouse model as well as reduced blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, we show that ADAM28 knock-out mice also displayed reduced body weight, elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and reductions in blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase. The results of this study provide important insights into the pathogenic role of the metalloproteinase ADAM28 in the metabolic syndrome and suggests that downregulation of ADAM28 may be a potential therapeutic strategy in the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
31
|
The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040846. [PMID: 28420164 PMCID: PMC5412430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to neoplastic tissues, growth and development of adipose tissue are thought to be angiogenesis-dependent. Since visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we hypothesized that angiogenesis inhibition would attenuate obesity-induced NAFLD. We fed C57BL/6J mice a low-fat diet (LFD, chow 10% kcal fat), a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% kcal fat) or HFD supplemented with the lemon-balm extract ALS-L1023 (HFD-ALS) for 15 weeks. ALS-L1023 reduced endothelial cell-tube formation in vitro. HFD increased VAT angiogenesis and induced weight gains including body weight, VAT mass and visceral adipocyte size compared with LFD. However, HFD-ALS led to weight reductions without affecting calorie intake compared with HFD. HFD-ALS also reduced serum ALT and AST levels and improved lipid metabolism. HFD-ALS suppressed steatosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and accumulation of collagen in livers. HFD-ALS modulated hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, antioxidation, and apoptosis. Concomitantly, analysis of VAT function revealed that HFD-ALS led to fewer CD68-positive macrophage numbers and lower expression of inflammatory cytokines compared with HFD. Our findings show that the anti-angiogenic herbal extract ALS-L1023 attenuates NAFLD by targeting VAT during obesity, suggesting that angiogenesis inhibitors could aid in the treatment and prevention of obesity-induced human NAFLD.
Collapse
|
32
|
Jegatheesan P, De Bandt JP. Fructose and NAFLD: The Multifaceted Aspects of Fructose Metabolism. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030230. [PMID: 28273805 PMCID: PMC5372893 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various factors, such as an unhealthy diet or a sedentarity lifestyle, excessive fructose consumption is known to favor nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as fructose is both a substrate and an inducer of hepatic de novo lipogenesis. The present review presents some well-established mechanisms and new clues to better understand the pathophysiology of fructose-induced NAFLD. Beyond its lipogenic effect, fructose intake is also at the onset of hepatic inflammation and cellular stress, such as oxidative and endoplasmic stress, that are key factors contributing to the progression of simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Beyond its hepatic effects, this carbohydrate may exert direct and indirect effects at the peripheral level. Excessive fructose consumption is associated, for example, with the release by the liver of several key mediators leading to alterations in the communication between the liver and the gut, muscles, and adipose tissue and to disease aggravation. These multifaceted aspects of fructose properties are in part specific to fructose, but are also shared in part with sucrose and glucose present in energy–dense beverages and foods. All these aspects must be taken into account in the development of new therapeutic strategies and thereby to better prevent NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthi Jegatheesan
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- EA4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Pascal De Bandt
- EA4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75679 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|