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Zahra ST, Tariq M, Abdullah M, Ullah MK, Rafiq AR, Siddique A, Shahid MS, Ahmed T, Jamil I. Salt-Tolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (ST-PGPB): An Effective Strategy for Sustainable Food Production. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:304. [PMID: 39133243 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Soil is the backbone of the agricultural economy of any country. Soil salinity refers to the higher concentration of soluble salts in the soil. Soil salinity is a ruinous abiotic stress that has emerged as a threatening issue for food security. High salt concentration causes an ionic imbalance that hampers water uptake, affecting photosynthesis and other metabolic processes, ultimately resulting in inferior seed germination and stunted plant growth. A wide range of strategies have been adopted to mitigate the harmful effects of salinity such as efficient irrigation techniques, soil reclamation, habitat restoration, flushing, leaching or using salt-tolerant crops, but all the methods have one or more limitations. An alternative and effective strategy is the exploitation of salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (ST-PGPB) to mitigate salt stress and improve crop productivity. ST-PGPB can survive in salinity-tainted environments and perform their inherent plant growth-promoting and biocontrol functions effectively. Additionally, ST-PGPB can rescue plants via stress-responsive mechanisms including production of growth regulators, maintenance of osmotic balance, aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, exopolysaccharides (EPS) activity, improvement in photosynthesis activity, synthesis of compatible solutes, antioxidant activity and regulation of salt overly sensitive (SOS) signaling pathway. Several well-known ST-PGPB, specifically Azospirillum, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Pantoea, are used as bioinoculants to improve the growth of different crops. The application of ST-PGPB allows plants to cope with salt stress by boosting their defense mechanisms. This review highlights the impact of salinity stress on plant growth and the potential of ST-PGPB as a biofertilizer to improve crop productivity under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Tahseen Zahra
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Tariq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem Ullah
- Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rafay Rafiq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Siddique
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq Shahid
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Imrana Jamil
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Futa B, Kulik M, Kajtoch Ł, Mazur MA, Jaźwa M, Ścibior R, Wielgos J. Enzymatic Activity of Soil on the Occurrence of the Endangered Beetle Cheilotoma musciformis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Xerothermic Grasslands. INSECTS 2024; 15:307. [PMID: 38786863 PMCID: PMC11122482 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This work attempts to find the reasons for the rather limited range of occurrence of Cheilotoma musciformis in Poland, based on soil properties, which affects both the plant cover and the entomofauna. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of soil enzyme activity on the occurrence of Ch. musciformis in xerothermic grasslands in Southern Poland. The sites inhabited by the beetle were most often extensively grazed by farm animals or had recently been cleared of bushes. The control plots were in wasteland. The soils of most sites with Ch. musciformis were characterized by significantly higher activity of the tested enzymes and higher content of total organic carbon and total nitrogen, as well as lower pHKCl compared to the control sites. The higher enzymatic activity of soils in sites with the beetle than in the control sites may indicate the dependence of the occurrence of this beetle on the presence of patches of extensively grazed xerothermic grasslands. Grazing influences the behavior of preferred host plant species. Therefore, when planning active protection of xerothermic grasslands inhabited by Ch. musciformis, changes in the biochemical properties of the soil and vegetation structure should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Futa
- Institute of Soil Science, Environment Engineering and Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Kulik
- Department of Grassland and Landscape Planning, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Łukasz Kajtoch
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Miłosz A. Mazur
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska 22, 45-050 Opole, Poland; (M.A.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Małgorzata Jaźwa
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska 22, 45-050 Opole, Poland; (M.A.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Radosław Ścibior
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Wielgos
- Department of Grassland and Landscape Planning, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (J.W.)
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Muneer MA, Chen X, Wang H, Munir MZ, Afridi MS, Yan X, Ji B, Li W, Wu L, Zheng C. Unraveling two decades of phyllosphere endophytes: tracing research trends and insights through visualized knowledge maps, with emphasis on microbial interactions as emerging frontiers. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:12. [PMID: 38319560 PMCID: PMC10847081 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Phyllosphere endophytes play a critical role in a myriad of biological functions, such as maintaining plant health and overall fitness. They play a determinative role in crop yield and quality by regulating vital processes, such as leaf functionality and longevity, seed mass, apical growth, flowering, and fruit development. This study conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis aiming to review the prevailing research trajectories in phyllosphere endophytes and harness both primary areas of interest and emerging challenges. A total of 156 research articles on phyllosphere endophytes, published between 2002 and 2022, were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). A systematic analysis was conducted using CiteSpace to visualize the evolution of publication frequency, the collaboration network, the co-citation network, and keywords co-occurrence. The findings indicated that initially, there were few publications on the topic of phyllosphere endophytes. However, from 2011 onwards, there was a notable increase in the number of publications on phyllosphere endophytes, gaining worldwide attention. Among authors, Arnold, A Elizabeth is widely recognized as a leading author in this research area. In terms of countries, the USA and China hold the highest rankings. As for institutional ranking, the University of Arizona is the most prevalent and leading institute in this particular subject. Collaborative efforts among the authors and institutions tend to be confined to small groups, and a large-scale collaborative network needs to be established. This study identified the influential journals, literature, and hot research topics. These findings also highlight the interconnected nature of key themes, e.g., phyllosphere endophyte research revolves around the four pillars: diversity, fungal endophytes, growth, and endophytic fungi. This study provides an in-depth perspective on phyllosphere endophytes studies, revealing the identification of biodiversity and microbial interaction of phyllosphere endophytes as the principal research frontiers. These analytical findings not only elucidate the recent trajectory of phyllosphere endophyte research but also provide invaluable insights for similar studies and their potential applications on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif Muneer
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention; Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hexin Wang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention; Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Munir
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199, Lishui Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Baoming Ji
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Liangquan Wu
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chaoyuan Zheng
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Pogoda CS, Keepers KG, Reinert S, Talukder ZI, Smart BC, Attia Z, Corwin JA, Money KL, Collier-Zans ECE, Underwood W, Gulya TJ, Quandt CA, Kane NC, Hulke BS. Heritable differences in abundance of bacterial rhizosphere taxa are correlated with fungal necrotrophic pathogen resistance. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17218. [PMID: 38038696 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Host-microbe interactions are increasingly recognized as important drivers of organismal health, growth, longevity and community-scale ecological processes. However, less is known about how genetic variation affects hosts' associated microbiomes and downstream phenotypes. We demonstrate that sunflower (Helianthus annuus) harbours substantial, heritable variation in microbial communities under field conditions. We show that microbial communities co-vary with heritable variation in resistance to root infection caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and that plants grown in autoclaved soil showed almost complete elimination of pathogen resistance. Association mapping suggests at least 59 genetic locations with effects on both microbial relative abundance and Sclerotinia resistance. Although the genetic architecture appears quantitative, we have elucidated previously unexplained genetic variation for resistance to this pathogen. We identify new targets for plant breeding and demonstrate the potential for heritable microbial associations to play important roles in defence in natural and human-altered environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloe S Pogoda
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kyle G Keepers
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephan Reinert
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Zahirul I Talukder
- USDA-ARS Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, Edward T Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Brian C Smart
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Ziv Attia
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jason A Corwin
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kennedy L Money
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Erin C E Collier-Zans
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - William Underwood
- USDA-ARS Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, Edward T Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Thomas J Gulya
- USDA-ARS Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, Edward T Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - C Alisha Quandt
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Nolan C Kane
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Brent S Hulke
- USDA-ARS Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, Edward T Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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Shahzad A, Siddique A, Ferdous S, Amin MA, Qin M, Aslam U, Naeem M, Bashir T, Shakoor A. Heavy metals mitigation and growth promoting effect of endophytic Agrococcus terreus (MW 979614) in maize plants under zinc and nickel contaminated soil. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1255921. [PMID: 38029198 PMCID: PMC10668838 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1255921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heavy metals such as iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, silver, zinc, nickel, and arsenic have accumulated in soils for a long time due to the dumping of industrial waste and sewage. Various techniques have been adapted to overcome metal toxicity in agricultural land but utilizing a biological application using potential microorganisms in heavy metals contaminated soil may be a successful approach to decontaminate heavy metals soil. Therefore, the current study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from a medicinal plant (Viburnum grandiflorum) and to investigate the growth-promoting and heavy metal detoxification potential of the isolated endophytic bacteria Agrococus tereus (GenBank accession number MW 979614) under nickel and zinc contamination. Methods Zinc sulfate and nickel sulfate solutions were prepared at the rate of 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg in sterilized distilled water. The experiment was conducted using a completely random design (CRD) with three replicates for each treatment. Results and Discussion Inoculation of seeds with A. tereus significantly increased the plant growth, nutrient uptake, and defense system. Treatment T4 (inoculated seeds), T5 (inoculated seeds + Zn100 mg/kg), and T6 (inoculated seeds + Ni 100 mg/kg) were effective, but T5 (inoculated seeds + Zn100 mg/kg) was the most pronounced and increased shoot length, root length, leaf width, plant height, fresh weight, moisture content, and proline by 49%, 38%, 89%, 31%, 113%, and 146%, respectively. Moreover the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase and super oxidase dismutase were accelerated by 211 and 68% in contaminated soil when plants were inoculated by A. tereus respectively. Similarly the inoculation of A. tereus also enhanced maize plants' absorption of Cu, Mn, Ni, Na, Cr, Fe, Ca, Mg, and K significantly. Results of the findings concluded that 100 mg/kg of Zn and Ni were toxic to maize growth, but seed inoculation with A. tereus helped the plants significantly in reducing zinc and nickel stress. The A. tereus strain may be employed as a potential strain for the detoxification of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Shahzad
- The College of Geography and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Anam Siddique
- Department of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Ferdous
- Department of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | | | - Mingzhou Qin
- The College of Geography and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Uzma Aslam
- Department of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tasmia Bashir
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Shakoor
- The College of Geography and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Aamir M, Shanmugam V, Dubey MK, Husain FM, Adil M, Ansari WA, Rai A, Sah P. Transcriptomic characterization of Trichoderma harzianum T34 primed tomato plants: assessment of biocontrol agent induced host specific gene expression and plant growth promotion. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:552. [PMID: 37940862 PMCID: PMC10631224 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the intricate interplay between Trichoderma and the tomato genome, focusing on the transcriptional and metabolic changes triggered during the late colonization event. Microarray probe set (GSE76332) was utilized to analyze the gene expression profiles changes of the un-inoculated control (tomato) and Trichoderma-tomato interactions for identification of the differentially expressed significant genes. Based on principal component analysis and R-based correlation, we observed a positive correlation between the two cross-comaparable groups, corroborating the existence of transcriptional responses in the host triggered by Trichoderma priming. The statistically significant genes based on different p-value cut-off scores [(padj-values or q-value); padj-value < 0.05], [(pcal-values); pcal-value < 0.05; pcal < 0.01; pcal < 0.001)] were cross compared. Through cross-comparison, we identified 156 common genes that were consistently significant across all probability thresholds, and showing a strong positive corelation between p-value and q-value in the selected probe sets. We reported TD2, CPT1, pectin synthase, EXT-3 (extensin-3), Lox C, and pyruvate kinase (PK), which exhibited upregulated expression, and Glb1 and nitrate reductase (nii), which demonstrated downregulated expression during Trichoderma-tomato interaction. In addition, microbial priming with Trichoderma resulted into differential expression of transcription factors related to systemic defense and flowering including MYB13, MYB78, ERF2, ERF3, ERF5, ERF-1B, NAC, MADS box, ZF3, ZAT10, A20/AN1, polyol sugar transporter like zinc finger proteins, and a novel plant defensin protein. The potential bottleneck and hub genes involved in this dynamic response were also identified. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis based on 25 topmost DEGS (pcal-value < 0.05) and the Weighted Correlation Gene Network Analysis (WGCNA) of the 1786 significant DEGs (pcal-value < 0.05) we reported the hits associated with carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and the nitrogen metabolism. We conclude that the Trichoderma-induced microbial priming re-programmed the host genome for transcriptional response during the late colonization event and were characterized by metabolic shifting and biochemical changes specific to plant growth and development. The work also highlights the relevance of statistical parameters in understanding the gene regulatory dynamics and complex regulatory networks based on differential expression, co-expression, and protein interaction networks orchestrating the host responses to beneficial microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aamir
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi-110012, Delhi, India.
| | - V Shanmugam
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi-110012, Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, University Centre for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adil
- Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N2R9, Canada
| | - Waquar Akhter Ansari
- Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221002, India
| | - Ashutosh Rai
- Department of Basic and Social Sciences, College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttar Pradesh, Banda, 210001, India
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Applied Sciences Department, College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Muscat, Al Janubyyah Street, PO Box 74, Muscat, 133, Sultanate of Oman
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Sadvakasova AK, Bauenova MO, Kossalbayev BD, Zayadan BK, Huang Z, Wang J, Balouch H, Alharby HF, Chang JS, Allakhverdiev SI. Synthetic algocyanobacterial consortium as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116418. [PMID: 37321341 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of unregulated pesticides and chemical fertilizers can have detrimental effects on biodiversity and human health. This problem is exacerbated by the growing demand for agricultural products. To address these global challenges and promote food and biological security, a new form of agriculture is needed that aligns with the principles of sustainable development and the circular economy. This entails developing the biotechnology market and maximizing the use of renewable and eco-friendly resources, including organic fertilizers and biofertilizers. Phototrophic microorganisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis and assimilation of molecular nitrogen play a crucial role in soil microbiota, interacting with diverse microflora. This suggests the potential for creating artificial consortia based on them. Microbial consortia offer advantages over individual organisms as they can perform complex functions and adapt to variable conditions, making them a frontier in synthetic biology. Multifunctional consortia overcome the limitations of monocultures and produce biological products with a wide range of enzymatic activities. Biofertilizers based on such consortia present a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers, addressing the issues associated with their usage. The described capabilities of phototrophic and heterotrophic microbial consortia enable effective and environmentally safe restoration and preservation of soil properties, fertility of disturbed lands, and promotion of plant growth. Hence, the utilization of algo-cyano-bacterial consortia biomass can serve as a sustainable and practical substitute for chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and growth promoters. Furthermore, employing these bio-based organisms is a significant stride towards enhancing agricultural productivity, which is an essential requirement to meet the escalating food demands of the growing global population. Utilizing domestic and livestock wastewater, as well as CO2 flue gases, for cultivating this consortium not only helps reduce agricultural waste but also enables the creation of a novel bioproduct within a closed production cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assemgul K Sadvakasova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Meruyert O Bauenova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Bekzhan D Kossalbayev
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, 050038, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Geology and Oil-Gas Business Institute Named After K. Turyssov, Satbayev University, Satpaev 22, Almaty, 050043, Kazakhstan
| | - Bolatkhan K Zayadan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, West 7th Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, West 7th Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Huma Balouch
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32003, Taiwan.
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, 142290, Russia; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, 34353, Turkey.
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Zhou W, Zhou X, Cai L, Jiang Q, Zhang R. Temporal and Habitat Dynamics of Soil Fungal Diversity in Gravel-Sand Mulching Watermelon Fields in the Semi-Arid Loess Plateau of China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0315022. [PMID: 37139552 PMCID: PMC10269508 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03150-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulching is an important agricultural management tool for increasing watermelon productivity and land-use efficiency because it helps improve water use efficiency and reduce soil erosion. However, there is relatively little available information regarding the effects of long-term continuous monoculture farming on soil fungal communities and related fungal pathogens in arid and semiarid regions. In this study, we characterized the fungal communities of four treatment groups, including gravel-sand-mulched farmland, gravel-sand-mulched grassland, fallow gravel-sand-mulched grassland, and native grassland, using amplicon sequencing. Our results revealed that the soil fungal communities differed significantly between mulched farmland and mulched grassland as well as the fallow mulched grassland. Gravel-sand mulch significantly impaired the diversity and composition of soil fungal communities. Soil fungal communities were more sensitive to gravel-sand mulch in grassland than in other habitats. Long-term continuous monoculture (more than 10 years) led to decreased abundance of Fusarium species, which contains include agronomically important plant pathogens. In the gravel-mulched cropland, some Penicillium and Mortierella fungi were significantly enriched with increasing mulch duration, suggesting potential beneficial properties of those fungi that could be applied to disease control. We also found that long-term gravel mulching in continuous monoculture farming could potentially form disease-suppressive soils and alter soil microbial biodiversity and fertility. Our study provides insights into the exploration of novel agricultural management strategies along with continuous monoculture practice to control watermelon wilt disease by maintaining a more sustainable and healthier soil environment. IMPORTANCE Gravel-sand mulching is a traditional agricultural practice in arid and semiarid regions, providing a surface barrier for soil and water conservation. However, application of such practice in monocropping systems may lead to outbreaks of several devastating plant diseases, such as watermelon Fusarium wilt. Our results with amplicon sequencing suggest that soil fungal communities differ significantly between mulched farmland and mulched grassland and are more sensitive to gravel-sand mulch in grassland. Under continuous monoculture regimens, long-term gravel mulch is not necessarily detrimental and may result in decreased Fusarium abundance. However, some known beneficial soil fungi may be enriched in the gravel-mulch cropland as mulch duration increases. A possible explanation for the reduction in Fusarium abundance may be the formation of disease-suppressive soils. This study provides insight into the need to explore alternative strategies using beneficial microbes for sustainable watermelon wilt control in continuous monocropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
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Han S, Narsing Rao MP, Yang S, Xie CJ, Liu GH, Zhou SG. Lederbergia citrea sp. nov., isolated from citrus rhizosphere. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37129938 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three Gram-positive-staining strains FJAT-49754T, FJAT-49682 and FJAT-49731 were isolated from the citrus rhizosphere soil sample. These strains showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Lederbergia panacisoli (97.8-97.9 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strains FJAT-49754T, FJAT-49682, and FJAT-49731 were 99.9 %. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strains FJAT-49754T, FJAT-49682 and FJAT-49731 were above 96 %, while the ANI values with the members of the genus Lederbergia were below 95 %, which were below the cut-off level for prokaryotic species delineation. The above results suggest that strains FJAT-49754T, FJAT-49682 and FJAT-49731 belong to a novel species of the genus Lederbergia. Growth of strain FJAT-49754T was observed at 10-40 °C (optimum at 30 °C, pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0), and NaCl tolerance up to 7 % (w/v) (optimum at 1 %). MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected in strain FJAT-49754T, and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids of strain FJAT-49754T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, and C16 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-49754T was 38.7 %. Based on the above results, strain FJAT-49754T represents a novel species of the genus Lederbergia, for which the name Lederbergia citrea sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-49754T (=CCTCC AB 2019211T=LMG 31589T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Manik Prabhu Narsing Rao
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Shang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Cheng-Jie Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Guo-Hong Liu
- Agricultural Bio-resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350003, PR China
| | - Shun-Gui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
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10
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Li Z, Fernandez KX, Vederas JC, Gänzle MG. Composition and activity of antifungal lipopeptides produced by Bacillus spp. in daqu fermentation. Food Microbiol 2023; 111:104211. [PMID: 36681393 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Daqu is a solid-state fermentation and saccharification starter for the Chinese liquor baijou. During the daqu stage, amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes are produced by Bacillus and fungi. Bacillus spp. also produce lipopeptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities but direct evidence for their impact on community assembly in daqu is lacking. This study aimed to study the interaction between Bacillus spp. and fungi in daqu models. The antifungal activity of surfactin, fengycin, and iturin A was initially assessed in vitro. Iturin A displayed the strongest antifungal activity (MIC = 10-50 mg/L). In situ antifungal activity of B. amyloliquefaciens and B. velezensis against molds was observed in a simple daqu model inoculated with single strains of Bacillus species. Formation of lipopeptides in situ was supported by quantification of mRNA encoding for enzymes for surfactin, fengycin, and iturin A biosynthesis. In situ antifungal activity of Bacillus species was also observed in a complex daqu model that was inoculated with 8 bacterial or fungal strains plus one of the three strains of Bacillus. A relationship of lipopeptides to in situ antifungal activity was further supported by detection of the lipopeptides by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Both results indicated that B velezensis FUA2155 had higher antifungal activity in the daqu model, and was the only strain that produced multiple iturin A congeners in situ. Taken together, this study provides evidence that production of lipopeptides by Bacillus species in daqu may impact community assembly and hence product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, T6G 2P5, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - John C Vederas
- University of Alberta, Department of Chemistry, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, T6G 2P5, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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11
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Bhat MA, Mishra AK, Jan S, Bhat MA, Kamal MA, Rahman S, Shah AA, Jan AT. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Plant Health: A Perspective Study of the Underground Interaction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:629. [PMID: 36771713 PMCID: PMC9919780 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are affected by various environmental stresses such as high or low temperatures, drought, and high salt levels, which can disrupt their normal cellular functioning and impact their growth and productivity. These stressors offer a major constraint to the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters; thereby attributing serious complications in the growth of crops such as rice, wheat, and corn. Considering the strategic and intricate association of soil microbiota, known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), with the plant roots, PGPR helps plants to adapt and survive under changing environmental conditions and become more resilient to stress. They aid in nutrient acquisition and regulation of water content in the soil and also play a role in regulating osmotic balance and ion homeostasis. Boosting key physiological processes, they contribute significantly to the alleviation of stress and promoting the growth and development of plants. This review examines the use of PGPR in increasing plant tolerance to different stresses, focusing on their impact on water uptake, nutrient acquisition, ion homeostasis, and osmotic balance, as well as their effects on crop yield and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Saima Jan
- Gene Expression Lab., School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
| | - Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- Gene Expression Lab., School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 845401, India
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Gene Expression Lab., School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
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12
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Zahra ST, Tariq M, Abdullah M, Azeem F, Ashraf MA. Dominance of Bacillus species in the wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere and their plant growth promoting potential under salt stress conditions. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14621. [PMID: 36643649 PMCID: PMC9835707 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major source of calorific intake in its various forms and is considered one of the most important staple foods. Improved wheat productivity can contribute substantially to addressing food security in the coming decades. Soil salinity is the most serious limiting factor in crop production and fertilizer use efficiency. In this study, 11 bacteria were isolated from wheat rhizosphere and examined for salt tolerance ability. WGT1, WGT2, WGT3, WGT6, WGT8, and WGT11 were able to tolerate NaCl salinity up to 4%. Bacterial isolates were characterized in vitro for plant growth-promoting properties including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, zinc solubilization, biofilm formation, and cellulase-pectinase production. Six isolates, WGT1, WGT3, WGT4, WGT6, WGT8, and WGT9 showed IAA production ability ranging from 0.7-6 µg m/L. WGT8 displayed the highest IAA production. Five isolates, WGT1, WGT2, WGT5, WGT10, and WGT11, demonstrated phosphate solubilization ranging from 1.4-12.3 µg m/L. WGT2 showed the highest phosphate solubilization. Nitrogen fixation was shown by only two isolates, WGT1 and WGT8. Zinc solubilization was shown by WGT1 and WGT11 on minimal media. All isolates showed biofilm formation ability, where WGT4 exhibited maximum potential. Cellulase production ability was noticed in WGT1, WGT2, WGT4, and WGT5, while pectinase production was observed in WGT2 and WGT3. Phylogenetic identification of potential bacteria isolates confirmed their close relationship with various species of the genus Bacillus. WGT1, WGT2, and WGT3 showed the highest similarity with B. cereus, WGT6 with B. tianshenii, WGT8 with B. subtilis, and WGT11 with B. thuringiensis. Biofertilizer characteristics of salt-tolerant potential rhizospheric bacteria were evaluated by inoculating wheat plants under controlled conditions and field experiments. B. cereus WGT1 and B. thuringiensis WGT11 displayed the maximum potential to increase plant growth parameters and enhance grain yield by 37% and 31%, respectively. Potential bacteria of this study can tolerate salt stress, have the ability to produce plant growth promoting substances under salt stress and contribute significantly to enhance wheat grain yield. These bacterial isolates have the potential to be used as biofertilizers for improved wheat production under salinity conditions and contribute to the sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Tahseen Zahra
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Tariq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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13
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Das PP, Singh KR, Nagpure G, Mansoori A, Singh RP, Ghazi IA, Kumar A, Singh J. Plant-soil-microbes: A tripartite interaction for nutrient acquisition and better plant growth for sustainable agricultural practices. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113821. [PMID: 35810815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants can achieve their proper growth and development with the help of microorganisms associated with them. Plant-associated microbes convert the unavailable nutrients to available form and make them useful for plants. Besides nutrient acquisition, soil microbes also inhibit the pathogens that cause harm to plant growth and induces defense response. Due to the beneficial activities of soil nutrient-microbe-plant interactions, it is necessary to study more on this topic and develop microbial inoculant technology in the agricultural field for better crop improvement. The soil microbes can be engineered, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) technology can be developed as well, as its application can be improved for utilization as biofertilizer, biopesticides, etc., instead of using harmful chemical biofertilizers. Moreover, plant growth-promoting microbe inoculants can enhance crop productivity. Although, scientists have discussed several tools and techniques by omics and gene editing approaches for crop improvement to avoid biotic and abiotic stress and make the plant healthier and more nutritive. However, beneficial soil microbes that help plants with the nutrient acquisition, development, and stress resistance were ignored, and farmers started utilizing chemical fertilizers. Thus, this review attempts to summarize the interaction system of plant microbes, the role of beneficiary soil microbes in the rhizosphere zone, and their role in plant health promotion, particularly in the nutrition acquisition of the plant. The review will also provide a better understanding of soil microbes that can be exploited as biofertilizers and plant growth promoters in the field to create environmentally friendly, sustainable agriculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Priyadarshini Das
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Kshitij Rb Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 211005, India
| | - Gunjan Nagpure
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Aadil Mansoori
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Ghazi
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Anirudh Kumar
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India.
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 211005, India.
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14
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Diwan D, Rashid MM, Vaishnav A. Current understanding of plant-microbe interaction through the lenses of multi-omics approaches and their benefits in sustainable agriculture. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127180. [PMID: 36126490 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The success of sustainable agricultural practices has now become heavily dependent on the interactions between crop plants and their associated microbiome. Continuous advancement in high throughput sequencing platforms, omics-based approaches, and gene editing technologies has remarkably accelerated this area of research. It has enabled us to characterize the interactions of plants with associated microbial communities more comprehensively and accurately. Furthermore, the genomic and post-genomic era has significantly refined our perspective toward the complex mechanisms involved in those interactions, opening new avenues for efficiently deploying the knowledge in developing sustainable agricultural practices. This review focuses on our fundamental understanding of plant-microbe interactions and the contribution of existing multi-omics approaches, including those under active development and their tremendous success in unraveling different aspects of the complex network between plant hosts and microbes. In addition, we have also discussed the importance of sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture and the associated outstanding challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Diwan
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Md Mahtab Rashid
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210, India; Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Anukool Vaishnav
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281121, India; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zürich CH-8008, Switzerland; Plant-Soil Interaction Group, Agroscope (Reckenholz), Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zürich 8046, Switzerland
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15
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Appidi MR, Bible AN, Carper DL, Jawdy SS, Giannone RJ, Hettich RL, Morrell-Falvey J, Abraham PE. Development of an Experimental Approach to Achieve Spatially Resolved Plant Root-Associated Metaproteomics Using an Agar-Plate System. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:639-649. [PMID: 35349304 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-22-0011-ta] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere play a vital role in plant health and productivity. The composition and function of root-associated microbiomes is strongly influenced by their surrounding environment, which is often customized by their host. How microbiomes change with respect to space and time across plant roots remains poorly understood, and methodologies that facilitate spatiotemporal metaproteomic studies of root-associated microbiomes are yet to be realized. Here, we developed a method that provides spatially resolved metaproteome measurements along plant roots embedded in agar-plate culture systems, which have long been used to study plants. Spatially defined agar "plugs" of interest were excised and subsequently processed using a novel peptide extraction method prior to metaproteomics, which was used to infer both microbial community composition and function. As a proof-of-principle, a previously studied 10-member community constructed from a Populus root system was grown in an agar plate with a 3-week-old Populus trichocarpa plant. Metaproteomics was performed across two time points (24 and 48 h) for three distinct locations (root base, root tip, and a region distant from the root). The spatial resolution of these measurements provides evidence that microbiome composition and expression changes across the plant root interface. Interrogation of the individual microbial proteomes revealed functional profiles related to their behavioral associations with the plant root, in which chemotaxis and augmented metabolism likely supported predominance of the most abundant member. This study demonstrated a novel peptide extraction method for studying plant agar-plate culture systems, which was previously unsuitable for (meta)proteomic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa R Appidi
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | - Amber N Bible
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
| | - Dana L Carper
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
| | - Sara S Jawdy
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
| | - Richard J Giannone
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
| | | | - Paul E Abraham
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
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16
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Microbial Diversity and Adaptation under Salt-Affected Soils: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The salinization of soil is responsible for the reduction in the growth and development of plants. As the global population increases day by day, there is a decrease in the cultivation of farmland due to the salinization of soil, which threatens food security. Salt-affected soils occur all over the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The total area of global salt-affected soil is 1 billion ha, and in India, an area of nearly 6.74 million ha−1 is salt-stressed, out of which 2.95 million ha−1 are saline soil (including coastal) and 3.78 million ha−1 are alkali soil. The rectification and management of salt-stressed soils require specific approaches for sustainable crop production. Remediating salt-affected soil by chemical, physical and biological methods with available resources is recommended for agricultural purposes. Bioremediation is an eco-friendly approach compared to chemical and physical methods. The role of microorganisms has been documented by many workers for the bioremediation of such problematic soils. Halophilic Bacteria, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Cyanobacteria, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and microbial inoculation have been found to be effective for plant growth promotion under salt-stress conditions. The microbial mediated approaches can be adopted for the mitigation of salt-affected soil and help increase crop productivity. A microbial product consisting of beneficial halophiles maintains and enhances the soil health and the yield of the crop in salt-affected soil. This review will focus on the remediation of salt-affected soil by using microorganisms and their mechanisms in the soil and interaction with the plants.
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17
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Special Issue: Biofilm Composition and Applications. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms can be formed on both biotic and abiotic surfaces, including on living tissues, indwelling medical devices, industrial or portable water system piping, and natural aquatic systems [...]
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18
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Jia H, Muhae-Ud-Din G, Zhang H, Zong Q, Zhao S, Guo Q, Chen W, Gao L. Characterization of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities for Disease Incidence and Optimized Concentration of Difenoconazole Fungicide for Controlling of Wheat Dwarf Bunt. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853176. [PMID: 35615520 PMCID: PMC9125210 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere soil microorganisms have great agricultural importance. To explore the relationship between rhizosphere microorganisms and the disease incidence, and to optimize the concentration of difenoconazole fungicide for the control of wheat dwarf bunt, caused by Tilletia controversa Kühn, the rhizosphere microorganisms were characterized based on sequencing methods. We found that the disease incidence correlated with the relative abundance of some microbial communities, such as Acidobacteria, Nocardioides, Roseiflexaceae, Pyrinomonadaceae, and Gemmatimonadaceae. Actinobacteria showed significant differences in the infected soils when compared to the control soils, and the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Pyrinomonadaceae, Gemmatimonadaceae, and Saccharimonadales populations was distinctly higher in the T. controversa-inoculated group than in the control group. The members of Dehalococcoidia, Nitrosomonadaceae, and Thermomicrobiales were found only in T. controversa-inoculated soils, and these taxa may have potential effects against the pathogen and contribute to disease control of wheat dwarf bunt. In addition, for T. controversa-infected plants, the soil treated with difenoconazole showed a high relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Olpidiomycota based on the heatmap analysis and ANOVA. Our findings suggest that the optimized concentration of fungicide (5% recommended difenoconazole) exhibits better control efficiency and constant diversity in the rhizosphere soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ghulam Muhae-Ud-Din
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qianqian Zong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Agricultural Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Sifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qingyuan Guo
- Department of Agricultural Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Cantabella D, Dolcet-Sanjuan R, Teixidó N. Using plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) to improve plant development under in vitro culture conditions. PLANTA 2022; 255:117. [PMID: 35513731 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of beneficial microorganisms improves the performance of in vitro - cultured plants through the improvement of plant nutrition, the biological control of microbial pathogens or the production of phytohormones that promote plant growth and development. Plant in vitro culture techniques are highly useful to obtain significant amounts of true-to-type and disease-free plant materials. One of these techniques is clonal micropropagation which consists on the establishment of shoot tip cultures, shoot multiplication, in vitro rooting and acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. However, in some cases, the existence of recalcitrant genotypes, with a compromised multiplication and rooting ability, or the difficulties to overcome the overgrowth of endophytic contaminations might seriously limit its efficiency. In this sense, the establishment of beneficial interactions between plants and plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) under in vitro culture conditions might represent a valuable approach to efficiently solve those restrictions. During the last years, significant evidence reporting the use of beneficial microorganisms to improve the yield of in vitro multiplication or rooting as well as their acclimatization to greenhouse or soil conditions have been provided. Most of these positive effects are strongly linked to the ability of these microorganisms to provide in vitro plants with nutrients such as nitrogen or phosphorous, to produce plant growth regulators, to control the growth of pathogens or to mitigate stress conditions. The culture of A. thaliana under aseptic conditions has provided high-quality knowledge on the root development signaling pathways, involving hormones, triggered in the presence of PGPMs. Overall, the present article offers a brief overview of the use of microorganisms to improve in vitro plant performance during the in vitro micropropagation stages, as well as the main mechanisms of plant growth promotion associated with these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cantabella
- IRTA Plant In Vitro Culture Laboratory, Fruticulture Programme, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Postharvest Programme, IRTA Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan
- IRTA Plant In Vitro Culture Laboratory, Fruticulture Programme, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- Postharvest Programme, IRTA Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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20
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Muthuraja R, Muthukumar T. Co-inoculation of halotolerant potassium solubilizing Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus violaceofuscus improves tomato growth and potassium uptake in different soil types under salinity. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133718. [PMID: 35077735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an important stress that negatively affects crop growth and productivity, causing extensive agricultural losses, worldwide. Potassium (K) solubilizing microorganisms (KSMs) can impart abiotic stress tolerance in plants in addition to nutrient solubilization. In this study, the salinity tolerance of KSMs Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus violaceofuscus originating from saxicolous habitats was examined using different concentrations of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mM) under in vitro conditions. The results indicated that both KSMs were capable of tolerating salinity. As B. licheniformis had a maximum growth in 100 mM NaCl at 37 °C, A. violaceofuscus had the maximum biomass and catalase (CAT) activity at 75 mM NaCl. However, maximum proline content was detected at 100 mM NaCl in both KSMs. Further, the ability of these KSMs to promote tomato growth individually and in combination with the presence or absence of mica was also examined in unsterilized or sterilized Alfisol and Vertisol soils under induced salinity in greenhouse conditions. The results of the greenhouse study revealed that inoculation of KSMs along with/without mica amendment significantly improved the morphological and physiological characteristics of tomato plants under salinity. Plant height, leaf area, biomass, relative water content, proline content, and CAT activity of dual inoculated plants were significantly higher than non-inoculated plants. Significant correlations existed between various soil, plant growth, soil pH and available K. From the results, it could be concluded that B. licheniformis and A. violaceofuscus are potential candidates for improving crop production in saline-stressed soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raji Muthuraja
- Root and Soil Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thangavelu Muthukumar
- Root and Soil Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rawat VS, Kaur J, Bhagwat S, Pandit MA, Rawat CD. Deploying Microbes as Drivers and Indicators in Ecological Restoration. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College University of Delhi New Delhi 110003 India
| | - Sakshi Bhagwat
- Department of Biosciences Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Manisha Arora Pandit
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College University of Delhi New Delhi 110008 India
| | - Charu Dogra Rawat
- Molecular Biology and Genomics Research Laboratory, Ramjas College University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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22
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The Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Mitigating Plant’s Environmental Stresses. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and sustainable technology used to clean up pollutants from soils and waters through the use of plant species. Indeed, plants are naturally capable of absorbing metals and degrading organic molecules. However, in several cases, the presence of contaminants causes plant suffering and limited growth. In such situations, thanks to the production of specific root exudates, plants can engage the most suitable bacteria able to support their growth according to the particular environmental stress. These plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may facilitate plant growth and development with several beneficial effects, even more evident when plants are grown in critical environmental conditions, such as the presence of toxic contaminants. For instance, PGPR may alleviate metal phytotoxicity by altering metal bioavailability in soil and increasing metal translocation within the plant. Since many of the PGPR are also hydrocarbon oxidizers, they are also able to support and enhance plant biodegradation activity. Besides, PGPR in agriculture can be an excellent support to counter the devastating effects of abiotic stress, such as excessive salinity and drought, replacing expensive inorganic fertilizers that hurt the environment. A better and in-depth understanding of the function and interactions of plants and associated microorganisms directly in the matrix of interest, especially in the presence of persistent contamination, could provide new opportunities for phytoremediation.
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Halotolerant Rhizobacteria for Salinity-Stress Mitigation: Diversity, Mechanisms and Molecular Approaches. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is the best foundation for human livelihoods, and, in this respect, crop production has been forced to adopt sustainable farming practices. However, soil salinity severely affects crop growth, the degradation of soil quality, and fertility in many countries of the world. This results in the loss of profitability, the growth of agricultural yields, and the step-by-step decline of the soil nutrient content. Thus, researchers have focused on searching for halotolerant and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to increase soil fertility and productivity. The beneficial bacteria are frequently connected with the plant rhizosphere and can alleviate plant growth under salinity stress through direct or indirect mechanisms. In this context, PGPB have attained a unique position. The responses include an increased rate of photosynthesis, high production of antioxidants, osmolyte accumulation, decreased Na+ ions, maintenance of the water balance, a high germination rate, and well-developed root and shoot elongation under salt-stress conditions. Therefore, the use of PGPB as bioformulations under salinity stress has been an emerging research avenue for the last few years, and applications of biopesticides and biofertilizers are being considered as alternative tools for sustainable agriculture, as they are ecofriendly and minimize all kinds of stresses. Halotolerant PGPB possess greater potential for use in salinity-affected soil as sustainable bioinoculants and for the bioremediation of salt-affected soil.
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Poria V, Dębiec-Andrzejewska K, Fiodor A, Lyzohub M, Ajijah N, Singh S, Pranaw K. Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) integrated phytotechnology: A sustainable approach for remediation of marginal lands. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:999866. [PMID: 36340355 PMCID: PMC9634634 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.999866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Land that has little to no utility for agriculture or industry is considered marginal land. This kind of terrain is frequently found on the edge of deserts or other arid regions. The amount of land that can be used for agriculture continues to be constrained by increasing desertification, which is being caused by climate change and the deterioration of agriculturally marginal areas. Plants and associated microorganisms are used to remediate and enhance the soil quality of marginal land. They represent a low-cost and usually long-term solution for restoring soil fertility. Among various phytoremediation processes (viz., phytodegradation, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, phytofiltration, phytostimulation, and phytodesalination), the employment of a specific mechanism is determined by the state of the soil, the presence and concentration of contaminants, and the plant species involved. This review focuses on the key economically important plants used for phytoremediation, as well as the challenges to plant growth and phytoremediation capability with emphasis on the advantages and limits of plant growth in marginal land soil. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) boost plant development and promote soil bioremediation by secreting a variety of metabolites and hormones, through nitrogen fixation, and by increasing other nutrients' bioavailability through mineral solubilization. This review also emphasizes the role of PGPB under different abiotic stresses, including heavy-metal-contaminated land, high salinity environments, and organic contaminants. In our opinion, the improved soil fertility of marginal lands using PGPB with economically significant plants (e.g., Miscanthus) in dual precession technology will result in the reclamation of general agriculture as well as the restoration of native vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Poria
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Klaudia Dębiec-Andrzejewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Fiodor
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marharyta Lyzohub
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nur Ajijah
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Kumar Pranaw
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Kumar Pranaw, ;
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Saravanakumar K, Sathiyaseelan A, Mariadoss AVA, Wang MH. Elicitor Proteins from Trichoderma for Biocontrol Products. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jibrin MO, Liu Q, Guingab-Cagmat J, Jones JB, Garrett TJ, Zhang S. Metabolomics Insights into Chemical Convergence in Xanthomonas perforans and Metabolic Changes Following Treatment with the Small Molecule Carvacrol. Metabolites 2021; 11:879. [PMID: 34940636 PMCID: PMC8706651 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes are natural chemical factories and their metabolome comprise diverse arrays of chemicals. The genus Xanthomonas comprises some of the most important plant pathogens causing devastating yield losses globally and previous studies suggested that species in the genus are untapped chemical minefields. In this study, we applied an untargeted metabolomics approach to study the metabolome of a globally spread important xanthomonad, X. perforans. The pathogen is difficult to manage, but recent studies suggest that the small molecule carvacrol was efficient in disease control. Bacterial strains were treated with carvacrol, and samples were taken at time intervals (1 and 6 h). An untreated control was also included. There were five replicates for each sample and samples were prepared for metabolomics profiling using the standard procedure. Metabolomics profiling was carried out using a thermo Q-Exactive orbitrap mass spectrometer with Dionex ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and an autosampler. Annotation of significant metabolites using the Metabolomics Standards Initiative level 2 identified an array of novel metabolites that were previously not reported in Xanthomonas perforans. These metabolites include methoxybrassinin and cyclobrassinone, which are known metabolites of brassicas; sarmentosin, a metabolite of the Passiflora-heliconiine butterfly system; and monatin, a naturally occurring sweetener found in Sclerochiton ilicifolius. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these metabolites in a microbial system. Other significant metabolites previously identified in non-Xanthomonas systems but reported in this study include maculosin; piperidine; β-carboline alkaloids, such as harman and derivatives; and several important medically relevant metabolites, such as valsartan, metharbital, pirbuterol, and ozagrel. This finding is consistent with convergent evolution found in reported biological systems. Analyses of the effect of carvacrol in time-series and associated pathways suggest that carvacrol has a global effect on the metabolome of X. perforans, showing marked changes in metabolites that are critical in energy biosynthesis and degradation pathways, amino acid pathways, nucleic acid pathways, as well as the newly identified metabolites whose pathways are unknown. This study provides the first insight into the X. perforans metabolome and additionally lays a metabolomics-guided foundation for characterization of novel metabolites and pathways in xanthomonad systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ojonuba Jibrin
- Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (M.O.J.); (Q.L.)
- Department of Crop Protection, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810103, Nigeria
| | - Qingchun Liu
- Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (M.O.J.); (Q.L.)
| | - Joy Guingab-Cagmat
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.G.-C.); (T.J.G.)
| | - Jeffrey B. Jones
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.G.-C.); (T.J.G.)
| | - Shouan Zhang
- Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (M.O.J.); (Q.L.)
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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de Medeiros Azevedo T, Aburjaile FF, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Pandolfi V, Benko-Iseppon AM. The endophytome (plant-associated microbiome): methodological approaches, biological aspects, and biotech applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:206. [PMID: 34708327 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Similar to other organisms, plants establish interactions with a variety of microorganisms in their natural environment. The plant microbiome occupies the host plant's tissues, either internally or on its surfaces, showing interactions that can assist in its growth, development, and adaptation to face environmental stresses. The advance of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics approaches has strongly driven the study and recognition of plant microbiome impacts. Research in this regard provides comprehensive information about the taxonomic and functional aspects of microbial plant communities, contributing to a better understanding of their dynamics. Evidence of the plant microbiome's functional potential has boosted its exploitation to develop more ecological and sustainable agricultural practices that impact human health. Although microbial inoculants' development and use are promising to revolutionize crop production, interdisciplinary studies are needed to identify new candidates and promote effective practical applications. On the other hand, there are challenges in understanding and analyzing complex data generated within a plant microbiome project's scope. This review presents aspects about the complex structuring and assembly of the microbiome in the host plant's tissues, metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics approaches for its understanding, covering descriptions of recent studies concerning metagenomics to characterize the microbiome of non-model plants under different aspects. Studies involving bio-inoculants, isolated from plant microbial communities, capable of assisting in crops' productivity, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamara de Medeiros Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Flávia Figueira Aburjaile
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - José Ribamar Costa Ferreira-Neto
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil.
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Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as a Green Alternative for Sustainable Agriculture. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131910986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stress is a major challenge for sustainable food production as it reduces yield by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) which pose a threat to cell organelles and biomolecules such as proteins, DNA, enzymes, and others, leading to apoptosis. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offers an eco-friendly and green alternative to synthetic agrochemicals and conventional agricultural practices in accomplishing sustainable agriculture by boosting growth and stress tolerance in plants. PGPR inhabit the rhizosphere of soil and exhibit positive interaction with plant roots. These organisms render multifaceted benefits to plants by several mechanisms such as the release of phytohormones, nitrogen fixation, solubilization of mineral phosphates, siderophore production for iron sequestration, protection against various pathogens, and stress. PGPR has the potential to curb the adverse effects of various stresses such as salinity, drought, heavy metals, floods, and other stresses on plants by inducing the production of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Genetically engineered PGPR strains play significant roles to alleviate the abiotic stress to improve crop productivity. Thus, the present review will focus on the impact of PGPR on stress resistance, plant growth promotion, and induction of antioxidant systems in plants.
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Kaur C, Gupta M, Garai S, Mishra SK, Chauhan PS, Sopory S, Singla-Pareek SL, Adlakha N, Pareek A. Microbial methylglyoxal metabolism contributes towards growth promotion and stress tolerance in plants. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:2817-2836. [PMID: 34435423 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth promotion by microbes is a cumulative phenomenon involving multiple traits, many of which are not explored yet. Hence, to unravel microbial mechanisms underlying growth promotion, we have analysed the genomes of two potential growth-promoting microbes, viz., Pseudomonas sp. CK-NBRI-02 (P2) and Bacillus marisflavi CK-NBRI-03 (P3) for the presence of plant-beneficial traits. Besides known traits, we found that microbes differ in their ability to metabolize methylglyoxal (MG), a ubiquitous cytotoxin regarded as general consequence of stress in plants. P2 exhibited greater tolerance to MG and possessed better ability to sustain plant growth under dicarbonyl stress. However, under salinity, only P3 showed a dose-dependent induction in MG detoxification activity in accordance with concomitant increase in MG levels, contributing to enhanced salt tolerance. Furthermore, salt-stressed transcriptomes of both the strains showed differences with respect to MG, ion and osmolyte homeostasis, with P3 being more responsive to stress. Importantly, application of either strain altered MG levels and subsequently MG detoxification machinery in Arabidopsis, probably to strengthen plant defence response and growth. We therefore, suggest a crucial role of microbial MG resistance in plant growth promotion and that it should be considered as a beneficial trait while screening microbes for stress mitigation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanpreet Kaur
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mayank Gupta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sampurna Garai
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shashank K Mishra
- Microbial Technologies Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- Microbial Technologies Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Sopory
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Nidhi Adlakha
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Halotolerant Microbial Consortia for Sustainable Mitigation of Salinity Stress, Growth Promotion, and Mineral Uptake in Tomato Plants and Soil Nutrient Enrichment. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salinity significantly impacts the growth, development, and reproductive biology of various crops such as vegetables. The cultivable area is reduced due to the accumulation of salts and chemicals currently in use and is not amenable to a large extent to avoid such abiotic stress factors. The addition of microbes enriches the soil without any adverse effects. The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions. Salinity treatments comprising Ec 0, 2, 5, and 8 dS/m were established by mixing soil with seawater until the desired Ec was achieved. The seedlings were transplanted in the pots of the respective pH and were inoculated with microbial consortia. After sufficient growth, these seedlings were transplanted in soil seedling trays. The measurement of soil minerals such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, and pH and the Ec were evaluated and compared with the control 0 days, 15 days, and 35 days after inoculation. The results were found to be non-significant for the soil parameters. In the uninoculated seedlings’ (control) seedling trays, salt treatment significantly affected leaf, shoot, root dry weight, shoot height, number of secondary roots, chlorophyll, and mineral contents. While bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia). The Na and K intake were higher even in the presence of the microbes, but the beneficial effect of the microbe helps plants sustain in the saline environment. The inoculation of microbial consortia produced more secondary roots, which accumulate more minerals and transport substances to the different parts of the plant; thus, it produced higher biomass and growth. Results of the present study revealed that the treatment with microbial consortia could alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity stress and improve the growth of tomato plants under salinity stress. Microbial consortia appear to be the best alternative and cost-effective and sustainable approach for managing soil salinity and improving plant growth under salt stress conditions.
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De Zutter N, Ameye M, Debode J, De Tender C, Ommeslag S, Verwaeren J, Vermeir P, Audenaert K, De Gelder L. Shifts in the rhizobiome during consecutive in planta enrichment for phosphate-solubilizing bacteria differentially affect maize P status. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1594-1612. [PMID: 34021699 PMCID: PMC8313256 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is despite its omnipresence in soils often unavailable for plants. Rhizobacteria able to solubilize P are therefore crucial to avoid P deficiency. Selection for phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is frequently done in vitro; however, rhizosphere competence is herein overlooked. Therefore, we developed an in planta enrichment concept enabling simultaneous microbial selection for P-solubilization and rhizosphere competence. We used an ecologically relevant combination of iron- and aluminium phosphate to select for PSB in maize (Zea mays L.). In each consecutive enrichment, plant roots were inoculated with rhizobacterial suspensions from plants that had grown in substrate with insoluble P. To assess the plants' P statuses, non-destructive multispectral imaging was used for quantifying anthocyanins, a proxy for maize's P status. After the third consecutive enrichment, plants supplied with insoluble P and inoculated with rhizobacterial suspensions showed a P status similar to plants supplied with soluble P. A parallel metabarcoding approach uncovered that the improved P status in the third enrichment coincided with a shift in the rhizobiome towards bacteria with plant growth-promoting and P-solubilizing capacities. Finally, further consecutive enrichment led to a functional relapse hallmarked by plants with a low P status and a second shift in the rhizobiome at the level of Azospirillaceae and Rhizobiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie De Zutter
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics (LAMP)Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 1GhentB‐9000Belgium
- Laboratory of Environmental BiotechnologyDepartment of BiotechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 1GhentB‐9000Belgium
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics (LAMP)Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 1GhentB‐9000Belgium
| | - Jane Debode
- Plant Sciences UnitFlanders Research Institute for AgricultureFisheries and Food (ILVO)Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 96MerelbekeB‐9820Belgium
| | - Caroline De Tender
- Plant Sciences UnitFlanders Research Institute for AgricultureFisheries and Food (ILVO)Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 96MerelbekeB‐9820Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and StatisticsGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281 S9GhentB‐9000Belgium
| | - Sarah Ommeslag
- Plant Sciences UnitFlanders Research Institute for AgricultureFisheries and Food (ILVO)Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 96MerelbekeB‐9820Belgium
| | - Jan Verwaeren
- Research Unit Knowledge‐based Systems (KERMIT)Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical ModelingGhent UniversityCoupure links 653GhentB‐9000Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (LCA)Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 1GhentB‐9000Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics (LAMP)Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 1GhentB‐9000Belgium
| | - Leen De Gelder
- Laboratory of Environmental BiotechnologyDepartment of BiotechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 1GhentB‐9000Belgium
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Isolation and Characterization of Beneficial Bacteria from Food Process Wastes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061156. [PMID: 34072245 PMCID: PMC8227246 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant quantities of food waste are accumulated globally on an annual basis, with approximately one-third of the food produced (equivalent to 1.3 billion tons of food) being wasted each year. A potential food waste recycling application is its utilization as a soil conditioner or fertilizer, whereby it increases the soil organic content and microbial biomass. This study evaluated the effectiveness of food waste as a microbial resource by analyzing the microbial community composition and isolating plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in food waste obtained from various sources. High-throughput sequencing identified 393 bacterial operational taxonomic units in the food process waste (FPW) samples. Moreover, the results showed that Firmicutes was abundant in the waste samples, followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. A total of 92 bacteria were isolated from FPW. Moreover, the cultivable strains isolated from FPW belonged to the genus Bacillus, followed by Streptomyces and Proteus. Six isolated bacteria exhibited beneficial traits, including indole acetic acid production, antifungal resistance and extracellular lysis. FPW is a valuable microbial resource for isolation of PGPB, and its use as a fertilizer may enable a reduction in chemical fertilizer usage, thereby mitigating the corresponding adverse environmental impacts on sustainable crop development.
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Eid AM, Fouda A, Abdel-Rahman MA, Salem SS, Elsaied A, Oelmüller R, Hijri M, Bhowmik A, Elkelish A, Hassan SED. Harnessing Bacterial Endophytes for Promotion of Plant Growth and Biotechnological Applications: An Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:935. [PMID: 34067154 PMCID: PMC8151188 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria colonize plants and live inside them for part of or throughout their life without causing any harm or disease to their hosts. The symbiotic relationship improves the physiology, fitness, and metabolite profile of the plants, while the plants provide food and shelter for the bacteria. The bacteria-induced alterations of the plants offer many possibilities for biotechnological, medicinal, and agricultural applications. The endophytes promote plant growth and fitness through the production of phytohormones or biofertilizers, or by alleviating abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Strengthening of the plant immune system and suppression of disease are associated with the production of novel antibiotics, secondary metabolites, siderophores, and fertilizers such as nitrogenous or other industrially interesting chemical compounds. Endophytic bacteria can be used for phytoremediation of environmental pollutants or the control of fungal diseases by the production of lytic enzymes such as chitinases and cellulases, and their huge host range allows a broad spectrum of applications to agriculturally and pharmaceutically interesting plant species. More recently, endophytic bacteria have also been used to produce nanoparticles for medical and industrial applications. This review highlights the biotechnological possibilities for bacterial endophyte applications and proposes future goals for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (M.A.A.-R.); (S.S.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (M.A.A.-R.); (S.S.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (M.A.A.-R.); (S.S.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Salem S. Salem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (M.A.A.-R.); (S.S.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Albaraa Elsaied
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (M.A.A.-R.); (S.S.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (R.O.); (A.E.)
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- Biodiversity Centre, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal, Montréal, QC 22001, Canada;
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Arnab Bhowmik
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (R.O.); (A.E.)
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Saad El-Din Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (M.A.A.-R.); (S.S.S.); (A.E.)
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Joshi N, Choudhary L, Sharma KP, Iqbal HM. PLANT GROWTH POTENTIAL OF SALT TOLERANT ENDOPHYTE Pseudomonas Sihuiensis ISOLATED FROM CHICKPEA. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.18006/2021.9(2).231.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial endosymbionts are well characterized for plant growth promotion. In this study, the root, nodules, and stem of the Cicer arietinum crop planted in a semi-arid zone were used as a source to isolate potential plant growth bacteria. The ability to grow under salt stress was determined, and the potential isolate was screened for plant growth promotion traits. The selected isolate was identified by the 16S rDNA method. Pot trials were conducted to know the ability of the isolate to promote plant growth in-vivo. Among various isolates obtained, a bacterial isolate obtained from root showed the ability to grow in the presence of 10 % Sodium fluoride (NaF). The isolate produced Indole Acetic acid in an amount of 72 mg per liter in production medium. The bacteria solubilized phosphate and produce exopolysaccharide (2.12 g per liter). The isolate was identified as Pseudomonas sihuiensis. The result of pot trials reveals that the endophyte promotes plant growth under stress conditions and may be used as a bio-fertilizer.
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Losi A, Gärtner W. A light life together: photosensing in the plant microbiota. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:451-473. [PMID: 33721277 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi of the plant microbiota can be phytopathogens, parasites or symbionts that establish mutually advantageous relationships with plants. They are often rich in photoreceptors for UVA-Visible light, and in many cases, they exhibit light regulation of growth patterns, infectivity or virulence, reproductive traits, and production of pigments and of metabolites. In addition to the light-driven effects, often demonstrated via the generation of photoreceptor gene knock-outs, microbial photoreceptors can exert effects also in the dark. Interestingly, some fungi switch their attitude towards plants in dependence of illumination or dark conditions in as much as they may be symbiotic or pathogenic. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the roles of light and photoreceptors in plant-associated bacteria and fungi aiming at the identification of common traits and general working ideas. Still, reports on light-driven infection of plants are often restricted to the description of macroscopically observable phenomena, whereas detailed information on the molecular level, e.g., protein-protein interaction during signal transduction or induction mechanisms of infectivity/virulence initiation remains sparse. As it becomes apparent from still only few molecular studies, photoreceptors, often from the red- and the blue light sensitive groups interact and mutually modulate their individual effects. The topic is of great relevance, even in economic terms, referring to plant-pathogen or plant-symbionts interactions, considering the increasing usage of artificial illumination in greenhouses, the possible light-regulation of the synthesis of plant-growth stimulating substances or herbicides by certain symbionts, and the biocontrol of pests by selected fungi and bacteria in a sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aba Losi
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Wolfgang Gärtner
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Current Advances in Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Alleviating Salt Stress for Sustainable Agriculture. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10207025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Humanity in the modern world is confronted with diverse problems at several levels. The environmental concern is probably the most important as it threatens different ecosystems, food, and farming as well as humans, animals, and plants. More specifically, salinization of agricultural soils is a global concern because of on one side, the permanent increase of the areas affected, and on the other side, the disastrous damage caused to various plants affecting hugely crop productivity and yields. Currently, great attention is directed towards the use of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). This alternative method, which is healthy, safe, and ecological, seems to be very promising in terms of simultaneous salinity alleviation and improving crop productivity. This review attempts to deal with different aspects of the current advances concerning the use of PGPBs for saline stress alleviation. The objective is to explain, discuss, and present the current progress in this area of research. We firstly discuss the implication of PGPB on soil desalinization. We present the impacts of salinity on crops. We look for the different salinity origin and its impacts on plants. We discuss the impacts of salinity on soil. Then, we review various recent progress of hemophilic PGPB for sustainable agriculture. We categorize the mechanisms of PGPB toward salinity tolerance. We discuss the use of PGPB inoculants under salinity that can reduce chemical fertilization. Finally, we present some possible directions for future investigation. It seems that PGPBs use for saline stress alleviation gain more importance, investigations, and applications. Regarding the complexity of the mechanisms implicated in this domain, various aspects remain to be elucidated.
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Capstaff NM, Morrison F, Cheema J, Brett P, Hill L, Muñoz-García JC, Khimyak YZ, Domoney C, Miller AJ. Fulvic acid increases forage legume growth inducing preferential up-regulation of nodulation and signalling-related genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5689-5704. [PMID: 32599619 PMCID: PMC7501823 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of potential biostimulants is of broad interest in plant science for improving yields. The application of a humic derivative called fulvic acid (FA) may improve forage crop production. FA is an uncharacterized mixture of chemicals and, although it has been reported to increase growth parameters in many species including legumes, its mode of action remains unclear. Previous studies of the action of FA have lacked appropriate controls, and few have included field trials. Here we report yield increases due to FA application in three European Medicago sativa cultivars, in studies which include the appropriate nutritional controls which hitherto have not been used. No significant growth stimulation was seen after FA treatment in grass species in this study at the treatment rate tested. Direct application to bacteria increased Rhizobium growth and, in M. sativa trials, root nodulation was stimulated. RNA transcriptional analysis of FA-treated plants revealed up-regulation of many important early nodulation signalling genes after only 3 d. Experiments in plate, glasshouse, and field environments showed yield increases, providing substantial evidence for the use of FA to benefit M. sativa forage production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Capstaff
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Freddie Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Jitender Cheema
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul Brett
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Lionel Hill
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Juan C Muñoz-García
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Claire Domoney
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Babalola OO, Fadiji AE, Enagbonma BJ, Alori ET, Ayilara MS, Ayangbenro AS. The Nexus Between Plant and Plant Microbiome: Revelation of the Networking Strategies. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:548037. [PMID: 33013781 PMCID: PMC7499240 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.548037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of plant-associated microbes is enormous and complex. These microbiomes are structured and form complex interconnected microbial networks that are important in plant health and ecosystem functioning. Understanding the composition of the microbiome and their core function is important in unraveling their networking strategies and their potential influence on plant performance. The network is altered by the host plant species, which in turn influence the microbial interaction dynamics and co-evolution. We discuss the plant microbiome and the complex interplay among microbes and between their host plants. We provide an overview of how plant performance is influenced by the microbiome diversity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Ayomide E Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Ben J Enagbonma
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth T Alori
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Modupe S Ayilara
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Ayansina S Ayangbenro
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Muhammad MH, Idris AL, Fan X, Guo Y, Yu Y, Jin X, Qiu J, Guan X, Huang T. Beyond Risk: Bacterial Biofilms and Their Regulating Approaches. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:928. [PMID: 32508772 PMCID: PMC7253578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are complex surface attached communities of bacteria held together by self-produced polymer matrixs mainly composed of polysaccharides, secreted proteins, and extracellular DNAs. Bacterial biofilm formation is a complex process and can be described in five main phases: (i) reversible attachment phase, where bacteria non-specifically attach to surfaces; (ii) irreversible attachment phase, which involves interaction between bacterial cells and a surface using bacterial adhesins such as fimbriae and lipopolysaccharide (LPS); (iii) production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by the resident bacterial cells; (iv) biofilm maturation phase, in which bacterial cells synthesize and release signaling molecules to sense the presence of each other, conducing to the formation of microcolony and maturation of biofilms; and (v) dispersal/detachment phase, where the bacterial cells depart biofilms and comeback to independent planktonic lifestyle. Biofilm formation is detrimental in healthcare, drinking water distribution systems, food, and marine industries, etc. As a result, current studies have been focused toward control and prevention of biofilms. In an effort to get rid of harmful biofilms, various techniques and approaches have been employed that interfere with bacterial attachment, bacterial communication systems (quorum sensing, QS), and biofilm matrixs. Biofilms, however, also offer beneficial roles in a variety of fields including applications in plant protection, bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and corrosion inhibition amongst others. Development of beneficial biofilms can be promoted through manipulation of adhesion surfaces, QS and environmental conditions. This review describes the events involved in bacterial biofilm formation, lists the negative and positive aspects associated with bacterial biofilms, elaborates the main strategies currently used to regulate establishment of harmful bacterial biofilms as well as certain strategies employed to encourage formation of beneficial bacterial biofilms, and highlights the future perspectives of bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tianpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection & International College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Ulrich DEM, Sevanto S, Peterson S, Ryan M, Dunbar J. Effects of Soil Microbes on Functional Traits of Loblolly Pine ( Pinus taeda) Seedling Families From Contrasting Climates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1643. [PMID: 31998333 PMCID: PMC6962191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Examining factors that influence seedling establishment is essential for predicting the impacts of climate change on tree species' distributions. Seedlings originating from contrasting climates differentially express functional traits related to water and nutrient uptake and drought resistance that reflect their climate of origin and influence their responses to drought. Soil microbes may improve seedling establishment because they can enhance water and nutrient uptake and drought resistance. However, the relative influence of soil microbes on the expression of these functional traits between seedling families or populations from contrasting climates is unknown. To determine if soil microbes may differentially alter functional traits to enhance water and nutrient uptake and drought resistance between dry and wet families, seeds of loblolly pine families from the driest and wettest ends of its geographic range (dry, wet) were planted in sterilized sand (controls) or in sterilized sand inoculated with a soil microbial community (inoculated). Functional traits related to seedling establishment (germination), water and nutrient uptake and C allocation (root:shoot biomass ratio, root exudate concentration, leaf C:N, leaf N isotope composition (δ15N)), and drought resistance (turgor loss point, leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C)) were measured. Then, plants were exposed to a drought treatment and possible shifts in photosynthetic performance were monitored using chlorophyll fluorescence. Inoculated plants exhibited significantly greater germination than controls regardless of family. The inoculation treatment significantly increased root:shoot biomass ratio in the wet family but not in the dry family, suggesting soil microbes alter functional traits that improve water and nutrient uptake more so in a family originating from a wetter climate than in a family originating from a drier climate. Microbial effects on photosynthetic performance during drought also differed between families, as photosynthetic performance of the dry inoculated group declined fastest. Regardless of treatment, the dry family exhibited a greater root:shoot biomass ratio, root exudate concentration, and leaf δ15N than the wet family. This indicates that the dry family allocated more resources belowground than the wet and the two family may have used different sources of plant available N, which may be related to their contrasting climates of origin and influence their drought resistance. Examination of variation in impacts of soil microbes on seedling physiology improves efforts to enhance seedling establishment and beneficial plant-microbe interactions under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences (EES-14), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Samantha Peterson
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States
| | - Max Ryan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences (EES-14), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - John Dunbar
- Bioscience (B-11), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
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Egamberdieva D, Wirth S, Bellingrath-Kimura SD, Mishra J, Arora NK. Salt-Tolerant Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Enhancing Crop Productivity of Saline Soils. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2791. [PMID: 31921005 PMCID: PMC6930159 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity has emerged as a serious issue for global food security. It is estimated that currently about 62 million hectares or 20 percent of the world's irrigated land is affected by salinity. The deposition of an excess amount of soluble salt in cultivable land directly affects crop yields. The uptake of high amount of salt inhibits diverse physiological and metabolic processes of plants even impacting their survival. The conventional methods of reclamation of saline soil which involve scraping, flushing, leaching or adding an amendment (e.g., gypsum, CaCl2, etc.) are of limited success and also adversely affect the agro-ecosystems. In this context, developing sustainable methods which increase the productivity of saline soil without harming the environment are necessary. Since long, breeding of salt-tolerant plants and development of salt-resistant crop varieties have also been tried, but these and aforesaid conventional approaches are not able to solve the problem. Salt tolerance and dependence are the characteristics of some microbes. Salt-tolerant microbes can survive in osmotic and ionic stress. Various genera of salt-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (ST-PGPR) have been isolated from extreme alkaline, saline, and sodic soils. Many of them are also known to mitigate various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. In the last few years, potential PGPR enhancing the productivity of plants facing salt-stress have been researched upon suggesting that ST-PGPR can be exploited for the reclamation of saline agro-ecosystems. In this review, ST-PGPR and their potential in enhancing the productivity of saline agro-ecosystems will be discussed. Apart from this, PGPR mediated mechanisms of salt tolerance in different crop plants and future research trends of using ST-PGPR for reclamation of saline soils will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Ürümqi, China
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Stephan Wirth
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Jitendra Mishra
- DST-CPR, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Naveen K. Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
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Lusa M, Help H, Honkanen AP, Knuutinen J, Parkkonen J, Kalasová D, Bomberg M. The reduction of selenium(IV) by boreal Pseudomonas sp. strain T5-6-I - Effects on selenium(IV) uptake in Brassica oleracea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108642. [PMID: 31430668 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient but toxic when taken in excessive amounts. Therefore, understanding the metabolic processes related to selenium uptake and bacteria-plant interactions coupled with selenium metabolism are of high importance. We cultivated Brassica oleracea with the previously isolated heterotrophic aerobic Se(IV)-reducing Pseudomonas sp. T5-6-I strain to better understand the phenomena of bacteria-mediated Se(IV) reduction on selenium availability to the plants. B. oleracea grown on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS-salt agar) with and without of Pseudomonas sp. were amended with Se(IV)/75Se(IV), and selenium transfer into plants was studied using autoradiography and gamma spectroscopy. XANES was in addition used to study the speciation of selenium in the B. oleracea plants. In addition, the effects of Se(IV) on the protein expression in B. oleracea was studied using HPLC-SEC. TEM and confocal microscopy were used to follow the bacterial/Se-aggregate accumulation in plants and the effects of bacterial inoculation on root-hair growth. In the tests using 75Se(IV) on average 130% more selenium was translocated to the B. oleracea plants grown with Pseudomonas sp. compared to the plants grown with selenium, but without Pseudomonas sp.. In addition, these bacteria notably increased root hair density. Changes in the protein expression of B. oleracea were observed on the ∼30-58 kDa regions in the Se(IV) treated samples, probably connected e.g. to the oxidative stress induced by Se(IV) or expression of proteins connected to the Se(IV) metabolism. Based on the XANES measurements, selenium appears to accumulate in B. oleracea mainly in organic C-Se-H and C-Se-C bonds with and without bacteria inoculation. We conclude that the Pseudomonas sp. T5-6-I strain seems to contribute positively to the selenium accumulation in plants, establishing the high potential of Se0-producing bacteria in the use of phytoremediation and biofortification of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Lusa
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hanna Help
- Department of Physics, X-Ray Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari-Pekka Honkanen
- Department of Physics, X-Ray Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenna Knuutinen
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Dominika Kalasová
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Malin Bomberg
- Material Recycling and Geotechnology, VTT, Technical Research Center of Finland, Espoo, Finland
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Zielińska S, Wójciak-Kosior M, Dziągwa-Becker M, Gleńsk M, Sowa I, Fijałkowski K, Rurańska-Smutnicka D, Matkowski A, Junka A. The Activity of Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Extracts from Chelidonium majus against Pathogenic Bacteria and Candida sp. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070406. [PMID: 31336994 PMCID: PMC6669454 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chelidonium majus (Papaveraceae) extracts exhibit antimicrobial activity due to the complex alkaloid composition. The aim of the research was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of extracts from wild plants and in vitro cultures, as well as seven major individual alkaloids. Plant material derived from different natural habitats and in vitro cultures was used for the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial tests. The composition of alkaloids was analyzed using chromatographic techniques (HPLC with DAD detection). The results have shown that roots contained higher number and amounts of alkaloids in comparison to aerial parts. All tested plant extracts manifested antimicrobial activity, related to different chemical structures of the alkaloids. Root extract used at 31.25–62.5 mg/L strongly reduced bacterial biomass. From the seven individually tested alkaloids, chelerythrine was the most effective against P. aeruginosa (MIC at 1.9 mg/L), while sanguinarine against S. aureus (MIC at 1.9 mg/L). Strong antifungal activity was observed against C. albicans when chelerythrine, chelidonine, and aerial parts extract were used. The experiments with plant extracts, individually tested alkaloids, and variable combinations of the latter allowed for a deeper insight into the potential mechanisms affecting the activity of this group of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Zielińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dziągwa-Becker
- Departament of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Orzechowa 61, 50-540 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Gleńsk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological Chemistry, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Rurańska-Smutnicka
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Cultivation, Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, Al. Jana Kochanowskiego 14, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Junka
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Guzmán-Guzmán P, Porras-Troncoso MD, Olmedo-Monfil V, Herrera-Estrella A. Trichoderma Species: Versatile Plant Symbionts. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:6-16. [PMID: 30412012 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-18-0218-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Because of the need to provide food for the growing population, agricultural activity is faced with the huge challenge of counteracting the negative effects generated by adverse environmental factors and diseases caused by pathogens on crops, while avoiding environmental pollution due to the excessive use of agrochemicals. The exploitation of biological systems that naturally increase plant vigor, preparing them against biotic and abiotic stressors that also promote their growth and productivity represents a useful and viable strategy to help face these challenges. Fungi from the genus Trichoderma have been widely used in agriculture as biocontrol agents because of their mycoparasitic capacity and ability to improve plant health and protection against phytopathogens, which makes it an excellent plant symbiont. The mechanisms employed by Trichoderma include secretion of effector molecules and secondary metabolites that mediate the beneficial interaction of Trichoderma with plants, providing tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here we discuss the most recent advances in understanding the mechanisms employed by this opportunistic plant symbiont as biocontrol agent and plant growth promoter. In addition, through genome mining we approached a less explored factor that Trichoderma could be using to become successful plant symbionts, the production of phytohormones-auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, gibberellins, among others. This approach allowed us to detect sets of genes encoding proteins potentially involved in phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling. We discuss the implications of these findings in the physiology of the fungus and in the establishment of its interaction with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Guzmán-Guzmán
- First and third authors: Departamento de Biología, DCNyE Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n. CP 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México; and second and fourth authors: Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Cinvestav. Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36824, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - María Daniela Porras-Troncoso
- First and third authors: Departamento de Biología, DCNyE Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n. CP 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México; and second and fourth authors: Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Cinvestav. Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36824, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Vianey Olmedo-Monfil
- First and third authors: Departamento de Biología, DCNyE Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n. CP 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México; and second and fourth authors: Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Cinvestav. Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36824, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- First and third authors: Departamento de Biología, DCNyE Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n. CP 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México; and second and fourth authors: Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Cinvestav. Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36824, Irapuato, Gto., México
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