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Amoako FK, Sagervanshi A, Hussain MA, Pitann B, Mühling KH. Transcriptional and physiological analyses uncover the mineralization and uptake mechanisms of phytic acid in symbiotically grown Vicia faba plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108723. [PMID: 38749376 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Legume-rhizobia symbiosis requires high phosphorus (P) in the form of ATP to convert atmospheric nitrogen (N) into ammonia. The fixed ammonia is converted to NH4+ by H+-ATPase via protonation. To the best of our knowledge, most of these research works resort to using only inorganic P (Pi) to the neglect of the organic P (Po) counterpart. As it stands, the potential regulating roles of plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases during legume-rhizobia symbiosis in response to phytic acid supply and how it alters and modulates the regulation of PM H+-ATPases remain obscure. To contribute to the above hypothesis, we investigate the mechanisms that coordinately facilitate the growth, uptake, and transcript expression of PM H+-ATPase gene isoforms in response to different P sources when hydroponically grown Vicia faba plants were exposed to three P treatments, viz., low- and high-Pi (2.0 and 200 μM KH2PO4; LPi and HPi), and phytic acid (200 μM; Po) and inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 384 for 30 days. The results consistently reveal that the supply of Po improved not only the growth and biomass, but also enhanced photosynthetic parameters, P uptake and phosphatase activities in symbiotically grown Vicia faba relative to Pi. The supply of Po induced higher transcriptional expression of all PM H+-ATPase gene isoforms, with possible interactions between phosphatases and H+-ATPase genes in Vicia faba plants when exclusively reliant on N derived from nodule symbiosis. Overall, preliminary results suggest that Po could be used as an alternative nutrition in symbiotic crops to improve plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Amoako
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Amit Sagervanshi
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Md Arif Hussain
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Britta Pitann
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karl H Mühling
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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Chen X, Bai Y, Lin Y, Liu H, Han F, Chang H, Li M, Liu Q. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the PHT1 Gene Family and Its Response to Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Salvia miltiorrhiza under Phosphate Stress. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:589. [PMID: 38790218 PMCID: PMC11120713 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient element that is essential for plant growth and development, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can significantly enhance P absorption. The phosphate transporter protein 1 (PHT1) family mediates the uptake of P in plants. However, the PHT1 gene has not yet been characterized in Salvia miltiorrhiza. In this study, to gain insight into the functional divergence of PHT1 genes, nine SmPHT1 genes were identified in the S. miltiorrhiza genome database via bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the PHT1 proteins of S. miltiorrhiza, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa could be divided into three groups. PHT1 in the same clade has a similar gene structure and motif, suggesting that the features of each clade are relatively conserved. Further tissue expression analysis revealed that SmPHT1 was expressed mainly in the roots and stems. In addition, phenotypic changes, P content, and PHT1 gene expression were analyzed in S. miltiorrhiza plants inoculated with AMF under different P conditions (0 mM, 0.1 mM, and 10 mM). P stress and AMF significantly affected the growth and P accumulation of S. miltiorrhiza. SmPHT1;6 was strongly expressed in the roots colonized by AMF, implying that SmPHT1;6 was a specific AMF-inducible PHT1. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the functional divergence and genetic redundancy of the PHT1 genes in response to P stress and AMF symbiosis in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.C.); (Y.B.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Yanhong Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.C.); (Y.B.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Yanan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.C.); (Y.B.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Fengxia Han
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.C.); (Y.B.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Hui Chang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Menglin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.C.); (Y.B.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.C.); (Y.B.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (M.L.)
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Li A, Wang Y, Zou J, Yin J, Zhang S, Li X, Shen H, Liu J, Sun Z. Phosphorus deficiency-induced cell wall pectin demethylesterification enhances cadmium accumulation in roots of Salix caprea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120691. [PMID: 38554452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Regions affected by heavy metal contamination frequently encounter phosphorus (P) deficiency. Numerous studies highlight crucial role of P in facilitating cadmium (Cd) accumulation in woody plants. However, the regulatory mechanism by which P affects Cd accumulation in roots remains ambiguous. This study aims to investigate the effects of phosphorus (P) deficiency on Cd accumulation, Cd subcellular distribution, and cell wall components in the roots of Salix caprea under Cd stress. The results revealed that under P deficiency conditions, there was a 35.4% elevation in Cd content in roots, coupled with a 60.1% reduction in Cd content in shoots, compared to the P sufficiency conditions. Under deficient P conditions, the predominant response of roots to Cd exposure was the increased sequestration of Cd in root cell walls. The sequestration of Cd in root cell walls increased from 37.1% under sufficient P conditions to 66.7% under P deficiency, with pectin identified as the primary Cd binding site under both P conditions. Among cell wall components, P deficiency led to a significant 31.7% increase in Cd content within pectin compared to P sufficiency conditions, but did not change the pectin content. Notably, P deficiency significantly increased pectin methylesterase (PME) activity by regulating the expression of PME and PMEI genes, leading to a 10.4% reduction in the degree of pectin methylesterification. This may elucidate the absence of significant changes in pectin content under P deficiency conditions and the concurrent increase in Cd accumulation in pectin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated an increase in carboxyl groups in the root cell walls under P deficiency compared to sufficient P treatment. The results provide deep insights into the mechanisms of higher Cd accumulation in root mediated by P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Junzhu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jiahui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China; College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- College of Rural Revitalization, Henan Open University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, 274000, China
| | - Hao Shen
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Junxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Zhenyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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4
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Tóth D, Kuntam S, Ferenczi Á, Vidal-Meireles A, Kovács L, Wang L, Sarkadi Z, Migh E, Szentmihályi K, Tengölics R, Neupert J, Bock R, Jonikas MC, Molnar A, Tóth SZ. Chloroplast phosphate transporter CrPHT4-7 regulates phosphate homeostasis and photosynthesis in Chlamydomonas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1646-1661. [PMID: 37962583 PMCID: PMC10904345 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, phosphorus is assimilated and utilized primarily as phosphate (Pi). Pi homeostasis is mediated by transporters that have not yet been adequately characterized in green algae. This study reports on PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 4-7 (CrPHT4-7) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a member of the PHT4 transporter family, which exhibits remarkable similarity to AtPHT4;4 from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a chloroplastic ascorbate transporter. Using fluorescent protein tagging, we show that CrPHT4-7 resides in the chloroplast envelope membrane. Crpht4-7 mutants, generated by the CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated single-strand templated repair, show retarded growth, especially in high light, reduced ATP level, strong ascorbate accumulation, and diminished non-photochemical quenching in high light. On the other hand, total cellular phosphorous content was unaffected, and the phenotype of the Crpht4-7 mutants could not be alleviated by ample Pi supply. CrPHT4-7-overexpressing lines exhibit enhanced biomass accumulation under high light conditions in comparison with the wild-type strain. Expressing CrPHT4-7 in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strain lacking Pi transporters substantially recovered its slow growth phenotype, demonstrating that CrPHT4-7 transports Pi. Even though CrPHT4-7 shows a high degree of similarity to AtPHT4;4, it does not display any substantial ascorbate transport activity in yeast or intact algal cells. Thus, the results demonstrate that CrPHT4-7 functions as a chloroplastic Pi transporter essential for maintaining Pi homeostasis and photosynthesis in C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Soujanya Kuntam
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Áron Ferenczi
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - André Vidal-Meireles
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lianyong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Zsuzsa Sarkadi
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine—Biological Research Centre Metabolic Systems Biology Research Group, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ede Migh
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klára Szentmihályi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roland Tengölics
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine—Biological Research Centre Metabolic Systems Biology Research Group, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Metabolomics Lab, Core Facilities, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Juliane Neupert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Martin C Jonikas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Attila Molnar
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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5
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Chtouki M, Naciri R, Oukarroum A. A review on phosphorus drip fertigation in the Mediterranean region: Fundamentals, current situation, challenges, and perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25543. [PMID: 38333855 PMCID: PMC10850969 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean agricultural sector faces many challenges related to water and mineral resource use for crop production and food security for an exponentially growing population. Phosphorus drip fertigation has recently emerged as an efficient and sustainable technique to improve water and nutrient use efficiency under such challenging pedoclimatic conditions. The classical methods for administering standard P fertilizers to crops (broadcasting and banding) have shown their limitations in terms of P acquisition and use efficiency. More than 60 % of applied P through dry P fertilizers is rapidly transformed into recalcitrant P forms and subsequently lost by soil erosion increasing the effects of P eutrophication issues on the ecosystem's sustainability. The emergence of new advanced irrigation technologies like high-frequent drip irrigation must be accompanied by the development of new P formulations with high water solubility and greater P use efficiency. This review illustrates the state of the art for P fertilizers used in Mediterranean agriculture in the last decades. An overall description is provided for the P fertilizer formulas, their physicochemical properties, as well as their suitability for drip fertigation systems and the consequent effects of their application on photosynthesis, plant growth, and crop productivity. The key factors influencing P fertilizer transformations and use efficiency under drip fertigation systems are extensively discussed in this review with a focus on the differences between orthophosphate and polyphosphate formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Chtouki
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, 43150, Morocco
| | - Rachida Naciri
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, 43150, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, 43150, Morocco
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6
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Jan M, Muhammad S, Jin W, Zhong W, Zhang S, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Liu J, Liu H, Munir R, Yue Q, Afzal M, Wang G. Modulating root system architecture: cross-talk between auxin and phytohormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1343928. [PMID: 38390293 PMCID: PMC10881875 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1343928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Root architecture is an important agronomic trait that plays an essential role in water uptake, soil compactions, nutrient recycling, plant-microbe interactions, and hormone-mediated signaling pathways. Recently, significant advancements have been made in understanding how the complex interactions of phytohormones regulate the dynamic organization of root architecture in crops. Moreover, phytohormones, particularly auxin, act as internal regulators of root development in soil, starting from the early organogenesis to the formation of root hair (RH) through diverse signaling mechanisms. However, a considerable gap remains in understanding the hormonal cross-talk during various developmental stages of roots. This review examines the dynamic aspects of phytohormone signaling, cross-talk mechanisms, and the activation of transcription factors (TFs) throughout various developmental stages of the root life cycle. Understanding these developmental processes, together with hormonal signaling and molecular engineering in crops, can improve our knowledge of root development under various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmood Jan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sajid Muhammad
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weicai Jin
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Heyuan Division of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhao Zhong
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaolong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Heyuan Division of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjie Lin
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueni Zhou
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Heyuan Division of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Raheel Munir
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Heyuan Division of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
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7
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Wu F, Yahaya BS, Gong Y, He B, Gou J, He Y, Li J, Kang Y, Xu J, Wang Q, Feng X, Tang Q, Liu Y, Lu Y. ZmARF1 positively regulates low phosphorus stress tolerance via modulating lateral root development in maize. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011135. [PMID: 38315718 PMCID: PMC10868794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the most critical factors for plant growth and productivity, including its inhibition of lateral root initiation. Auxin response factors (ARFs) play crucial roles in root development via auxin signaling mediated by genetic pathways. In this study, we found that the transcription factor ZmARF1 was associated with low inorganic phosphate (Pi) stress-related traits in maize. This superior root morphology and greater phosphate stress tolerance could be ascribed to the overexpression of ZmARF1. The knock out mutant zmarf1 had shorter primary roots, fewer root tip number, and lower root volume and surface area. Transcriptomic data indicate that ZmLBD1, a direct downstream target gene, is involved in lateral root development, which enhances phosphate starvation tolerance. A transcriptional activation assay revealed that ZmARF1 specifically binds to the GC-box motif in the promoter of ZmLBD1 and activates its expression. Moreover, ZmARF1 positively regulates the expression of ZmPHR1, ZmPHT1;2, and ZmPHO2, which are key transporters of Pi in maize. We propose that ZmARF1 promotes the transcription of ZmLBD1 to modulate lateral root development and Pi-starvation induced (PSI) genes to regulate phosphate mobilization and homeostasis under phosphorus starvation. In addition, ZmERF2 specifically binds to the ABRE motif of the promoter of ZmARF1 and represses its expression. Collectively, the findings of this study revealed that ZmARF1 is a pivotal factor that modulates root development and confers low-Pi stress tolerance through the transcriptional regulation of the biological function of ZmLBD1 and the expression of key Pi transport proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Baba Salifu Yahaya
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Ying Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Bing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Junlin Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yafeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Qingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Xuanjun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, China
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8
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Nasr Esfahani M, Sonnewald U. Unlocking dynamic root phenotypes for simultaneous enhancement of water and phosphorus uptake. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108386. [PMID: 38280257 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and water are crucial for plant growth, but their availability is challenged by climate change, leading to reduced crop production and global food security. In many agricultural soils, crop productivity is confronted by both water and P limitations. The diminished soil moisture decreases available P due to reduced P diffusion, and inadequate P availability diminishes tissue water status through modifications in stomatal conductance and a decrease in root hydraulic conductance. P and water display contrasting distributions in the soil, with P being concentrated in the topsoil and water in the subsoil. Plants adapt to water- and P-limited environments by efficiently exploring localized resource hotspots of P and water through the adaptation of their root system. Thus, developing cultivars with improved root architecture is crucial for accessing and utilizing P and water from arid and P-deficient soils. To meet this goal, breeding towards multiple advantageous root traits can lead to better cultivars for water- and P-limited environments. This review discusses the interplay of P and water availability and highlights specific root traits that enhance the exploration and exploitation of optimal resource-rich soil strata while reducing metabolic costs. We propose root ideotype models, including 'topsoil foraging', 'subsoil foraging', and 'topsoil/subsoil foraging' for maize (monocot) and common bean (dicot). These models integrate beneficial root traits and guide the development of water- and P-efficient cultivars for challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Naveenarani M, Swamy HKM, Surya Krishna S, Mahadevaiah C, Valarmathi R, Manickavasagam M, Arun M, Hemaprabha G, Appunu C. Isolation and Characterization of Erianthus arundinaceus Phosphate Transporter 1 (PHT1) Gene Promoter and 5' Deletion Analysis of Transcriptional Regulation Regions under Phosphate Stress in Transgenic Tobacco. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3760. [PMID: 37960116 PMCID: PMC10650210 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus deficiency highly interferes with plant growth and development. Plants respond to persistent P deficiency by coordinating the expression of genes involved in the alleviation of stress. Promoters of phosphate transporter genes are a great choice for the development of genetically modified plants with enhanced phosphate uptake abilities, which improve crop yields in phosphate-deficient soils. In our previous study, the sugarcane phosphate transporter PHT1;2 gene showed a significantly high expression under salinity stress. In this study, the Erianthus arundinaceus EaPHT1;2 gene was isolated and characterized using various in silico tools. The deduced 542 amino acid residues have 10 transmembrane domains, with a molecular weight and isoelectric point of 58.9 kDa and 9.80, respectively. They displayed 71-96% similarity with Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays, and the Saccharum hybrid. To elucidate the function of the 5' regulatory region, the 1.1 kb promoter was isolated and validated in tobacco transgenics under Pi stress. The EaPHT1;2 promoter activity was detected using a β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay. The EaPHT1;2 promoter showed 3- to 4.2-fold higher expression than the most widely used CaMV35S promoter. The 5' deletion analysis with and without 5' UTRs revealed a small-sized 374 bp fragment with the highest promoter activity among 5' truncated fragments, which was 2.7 and 4.2 times higher than the well-used CaMV35S promoter under normal and Pi deprivation conditions, respectively. The strong and short promoter of EaPHT1;2 with 374 bp showed significant expression in low-Pi-stress conditions and it could be a valuable source for the development of stress-tolerant transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Naveenarani
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.N.); (H.K.M.S.); (S.S.K.); (C.M.); (R.V.); (G.H.)
- Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Huskur Kumaraswamy Mahadeva Swamy
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.N.); (H.K.M.S.); (S.S.K.); (C.M.); (R.V.); (G.H.)
| | - Sakthivel Surya Krishna
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.N.); (H.K.M.S.); (S.S.K.); (C.M.); (R.V.); (G.H.)
| | - Channappa Mahadevaiah
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.N.); (H.K.M.S.); (S.S.K.); (C.M.); (R.V.); (G.H.)
- Division of Vegetable Crops, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560089, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramanathan Valarmathi
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.N.); (H.K.M.S.); (S.S.K.); (C.M.); (R.V.); (G.H.)
| | - Markandan Manickavasagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Muthukrishnan Arun
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Govindakurup Hemaprabha
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.N.); (H.K.M.S.); (S.S.K.); (C.M.); (R.V.); (G.H.)
| | - Chinnaswamy Appunu
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.N.); (H.K.M.S.); (S.S.K.); (C.M.); (R.V.); (G.H.)
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Mahmood M, Wang Y, Ahmed W, Mehmood S, Ayyoub A, Elnahal ASM, Li W, Zhan X. Exploring biochar and fishpond sediments potential to change soil phosphorus fractions and availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1224583. [PMID: 37636081 PMCID: PMC10450619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1224583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) availability in soil is paradoxical, with a significant portion of applied P accumulating in the soil, potentially affecting plant production. The impact of biochar (BR) and fishpond sediments (FPS) as fertilizers on P fixation remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the optimal ratio of BR, modified biochar (MBR), and FPS as fertilizer replacements. A pot experiment with maize evaluated the transformation of P into inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) fractions and their contribution to P uptake. Different percentages of FPS, BR, and MBR were applied as treatments (T1-T7), T1 [(0.0)], T2 [FPS (25.0%)], T3 [FPS (25.0%) + BR (1%)], T [FPS (25%) +MBR (3%)], T5 [FPS (35%)], T6 [FPS (35%) +BR (1%)], and T7 [FPS (35%) + MBR (1%)]. Using the modified Hedley method and the Tiessen and Moir fractionation scheme, P fractions were determined. Results showed that various rates of MBR, BR, and FPS significantly increased labile and moderately labile P fractions (NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, HClD-Pi, and HClC-Pi) and residual P fractions compared with the control (T1). Positive correlations were observed between P uptake, phosphatase enzyme activity, and NaHCO3-Pi. Maximum P uptake and phosphatase activity were observed in T6 and T7 treatments. The addition of BR, MBR, and FPS increased Po fractions. Unlike the decline in NaOH-Po fraction, NaHCO3-Po and HClc-Po fractions increased. All Pi fractions, particularly apatite (HClD-Pi), increased across the T1-T7 treatments. HClD-Pi was the largest contributor to total P (40.7%) and can convert into accessible P over time. The T5 treatment showed a 0.88% rise in residual P. HClD-Pi and residual P fractions positively correlated with P uptake, phosphatase activity, NaOH-Pi, and NaOH-Po moderately available fractions. Regression analysis revealed that higher concentrations of metals such as Ca, Zn, and Cr significantly decreased labile organic and inorganic P fractions (NaHCO3-Pi, R 2 = 0.13, 0.36, 0.09) and their availability (NaHCO3-Po, R 2 = 0.01, 0.03, 0.25). Excessive solo BR amendments did not consistently increase P availability, but optimal simple and MBR increased residual P contents in moderately labile and labile forms (including NaOH-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, and HClD-Pi). Overall, our findings suggest that the co-addition of BR and FPS can enhance soil P availability via increasing the activity of phosphatase enzyme, thereby enhancing plant P uptake and use efficiency, which eventually maintains the provision of ecosystem functions and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yunting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Anam Ayyoub
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ahmed S. M. Elnahal
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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11
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Zhao Y, Huang S, Wei L, Li M, Cai T, Ma X, Shuai P. ClNAC100 Is a NAC Transcription Factor of Chinese Fir in Response to Phosphate Starvation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10486. [PMID: 37445664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) deficiency is one of the most limiting factors for Chinese fir growth and production. Moreover, continuous cultivation of Chinese fir for multiple generations led to the reduction of soil nutrients, which hindered the yield of Chinese fir in southern China. Although NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in plant development and abiotic stress resistance, it is still unclear how they regulate the response of Chinese fir to phosphate (Pi) starvation. Based on Pi-deficient transcriptome data of Chinses fir root, we identified a NAC transcription factor with increased expression under Pi deficiency, which was obtained by PCR and named ClNAC100. RT-qPCR confirmed that the expression of ClNAC100 in the root of Chinese fir was induced by phosphate deficiency and showed a dynamic change with time. It was positively regulated by ABA and negatively regulated by JA, and ClNAC100 was highly expressed in the roots and leaves of Chinese fir. Transcriptional activation assay confirmed that ClNAC100 was a transcriptional activator. The promoter of ClNAC100 was obtained by genome walking, which was predicted to contain a large number of stress, hormone, and growth-related cis-elements. Tobacco infection was used to verify the activity of the promoter, and the core promoter was located between -1519 bp and -589 bp. We identified 18 proteins bound to the ClNAC100 promoter and 5 ClNAC100 interacting proteins by yeast one-hybrid and yeast two-hybrid, respectively. We speculated that AHL and TIFY family transcription factors, calmodulin, and E3 ubiquitin ligase in these proteins might be important phosphorus-related proteins. These results provide a basis for the further study of the regulatory mechanism and pathways of ClNAC100 under Pi starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuotian Huang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tingting Cai
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiangqing Ma
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peng Shuai
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
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12
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Menhas S, Yang X, Hayat K, Bundschuh J, Chen X, Hui N, Zhang D, Chu S, Zhou Y, Ali EF, Shahid M, Rinklebe J, Lee SS, Shaheen SM, Zhou P. Pleiotropic melatonin-mediated responses on growth and cadmium phytoextraction of Brassica napus: A bioecological trial for enhancing phytoremediation of soil cadmium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131862. [PMID: 37329597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) has recently gained significant scientific interest, though its mechanism of action in enhancing plant vigor, cadmium (Cd) tolerance, and Cd phytoremediation processes are poorly understood. Therefore, here we investigated the beneficial role of MT in improving growth and Cd remediation potential of rapeseed (Brassica napus). Plants, with or without MT (200 µM L-1), were subjected to Cd stress (30 mg kg1). Without MT, higher Cd accumulation (up to 99%) negatively affected plant growth and developmental feature as well as altered expression of several key genes (DEGs) involved in different molecular pathways of B. napus. As compared to only Cd-stressed counterparts, MT-treated plants exhibited better physiological performance as indicated by improved leaf photosynthetic and gaseous exchange processes (3-48%) followed by plant growth (up to 50%), fresh plant biomass (up to 45%), dry plant biomass (up to 32%), and growth tolerance indices (up to 50%) under Cd exposure. MT application enhanced Cd tolerance and phytoremediation capacity of B. napus by augmenting (1) Cd accumulation in plant tissues and its translocation to above-ground parts (by up to 45.0%), (2) Cd distribution in the leaf cell wall (by up to 42%), and (3) Cd detoxification by elevating phytochelatins (by up to 8%) and metallothioneins (by upto 14%) biosynthesis, in comparison to Cd-treated plants. MT played a protective role in stabilizing hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in the tissue of the Cd-treated plants by enhancing the content of osmolytes (proline and total soluble protein) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and GR). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MT regulated 1809 differentially expressed genes (828 up and 981 down) together with 297 commonly expressed DEGs (CK vs Cd and Cd vs CdMT groups) involved in plant-pathogen interaction pathway, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and plant hormone signal transduction pathway which ultimately promoted plant growth and Cd remediation potential in the Cd-stressed plants. These results provide insights into the unexplored pleiotropic beneficial action of MT in enhancing in the growth and Cd phytoextraction potential of B. napus, paving the way for developing Cd-tolerant oilseed crops with higher remediation capacity as a bioecological trial for enhancing phytoremediation of hazardous toxic metals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqa Menhas
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xijia Yang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kashif Hayat
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan, ROC; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
| | - Xunfeng Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Nan Hui
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shaohua Chu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Esmat F Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, South Korea.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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Sun Y, Wu Q, Xie Z, Huang J. Transcription factor OsNAC016 negatively regulates phosphate-starvation response in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 329:111618. [PMID: 36738935 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi), the main form of inorganic phosphorus that can be absorbed by plants, is one of the most limiting macro-nutrients in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanism determining how plants sense external Pi levels and reprogram transcriptional and adaptive responses is incompletely understood. At present, few rice NAC members have been reported to be involved in the signaling pathways of Pi homeostasis in plants. Here, our research demonstrated that OsNAC016, a Pi-starvation responsive gene in rice, was regulated by PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE protein 1 (OsPHR1) and OsPHR4. Under Pi-starvation stress, the root growth of OsNAC016-overexpression lines was inhibited more severely, and overexpression plants had lower Pi content than wild type, while osnac016 mutant was hyposensitive to Pi starvation, indicating that OsNAC016 negatively modulates rice Pi-starvation response. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) analysis and transient transactivation assays indicated that OsNAC016 could activate the SPX-domain-containing protein 2 (OsSPX2) gene through binding to its promoter. Further, we found that Pi starvation enhanced OsNAC016 binding to the OsSPX2 promoter, thus strongly promoting OsSPX2 expression. At the same time, Pi starvation induced OsNAC016 protein accumulation in plants. Moreover, similar to OsSPX2, OsNAC016 negatively regulates leaf inclination by repressing the cell elongation in lamina joint in rice under Pi-starvation stress. Together, our findings demonstrate that OsNAC016 negatively regulates rice phosphate-starvation response and leaf inclination by activating OsSPX2 expression under Pi-starvation conditions. These data provide a strategy to create smart crops with ideal shoot architecture and high phosphorus utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Zizhao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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14
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Photosynthetic acclimation to changing environments. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:473-486. [PMID: 36892145 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to environments that fluctuate of timescales varying from seconds to months. Leaves that develop in one set of conditions optimise their metabolism to the conditions experienced, in a process called developmental acclimation. However, when plants experience a sustained change in conditions, existing leaves will also acclimate dynamically to the new conditions. Typically this process takes several days. In this review, we discuss this dynamic acclimation process, focussing on the responses of the photosynthetic apparatus to light and temperature. We briefly discuss the principal changes occurring in the chloroplast, before examining what is known, and not known, about the sensing and signalling processes that underlie acclimation, identifying likely regulators of acclimation.
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Khoshru B, Mitra D, Joshi K, Adhikari P, Rion MSI, Fadiji AE, Alizadeh M, Priyadarshini A, Senapati A, Sarikhani MR, Panneerselvam P, Mohapatra PKD, Sushkova S, Minkina T, Keswani C. Decrypting the multi-functional biological activators and inducers of defense responses against biotic stresses in plants. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13825. [PMID: 36873502 PMCID: PMC9981932 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases are still the main problem for the reduction in crop yield and a threat to global food security. Additionally, excessive usage of chemical inputs such as pesticides and fungicides to control plant diseases have created another serious problem for human and environmental health. In view of this, the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for controlling plant disease incidences has been identified as an eco-friendly approach for coping with the food security issue. In this review, we have identified different ways by which PGPRs are capable of reducing phytopathogenic infestations and enhancing crop yield. PGPR suppresses plant diseases, both directly and indirectly, mediated by microbial metabolites and signaling components. Microbial synthesized anti-pathogenic metabolites such as siderophores, antibiotics, lytic enzymes, hydrogen cyanide, and several others act directly on phytopathogens. The indirect mechanisms of reducing plant disease infestation are caused by the stimulation of plant immune responses known as initiation of systemic resistance (ISR) which is mediated by triggering plant immune responses elicited through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The ISR triggered in the infected region of the plant leads to the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) throughout the plant making the plant resistant to a wide range of pathogens. A number of PGPRs including Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera have proven their ability to stimulate ISR. However, there are still some challenges in the large-scale application and acceptance of PGPR for pest and disease management. Further, we discuss the newly formulated PGPR inoculants possessing both plant growth-promoting activities and plant disease suppression ability for a holistic approach to sustaining plant health and enhancing crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Khoshru
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Debasis Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj - 733 134, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuldeep Joshi
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priyanka Adhikari
- Centre for Excellence on GMP Extraction Facility (DBT, Govt. of India), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. Guwahati-781101, Assam, India
| | | | - Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Mehrdad Alizadeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ankita Priyadarshini
- Crop Production Division, ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Ansuman Senapati
- Crop Production Division, ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | | | - Periyasamy Panneerselvam
- Crop Production Division, ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | | | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
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16
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Zhu Z, Qu K, Li D, Zhang L, Wang C, Cong L, Bai C, Lu X. SbPHO2, a conserved Pi starvation signalling gene, is involved in the regulation of the uptake of multiple nutrients in sorghum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 327:111556. [PMID: 36481362 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is one of the five most productive crops worldwide, but its yield is seriously limited by phosphate (Pi) availability. Although inorganic Pi signalling is well studied in Arabidopsis and rice, it remains largely unknown in sorghum. The sorghum sbpho2 mutant was identified, showing leaf necrosis and short roots. Map-based cloning identified SbPHO2 as Sobic.009G228100, an E2 conjugase gene that is a putative orthologue of the PHO2 genes in rice and Arabidopsis, which play important roles in Pi signalling. Pi starvation experiments and transformation of SbPHO2 into the rice ospho2 mutant further revealed that SbPHO2 is likely involved in Pi accumulation and root architecture alteration in sorghum. qRTPCR results showed that SbPHO2 was expressed in almost the entire plant, especially in the leaves. Furthermore, some typical Pi starvation-induced genes were induced in sbpho2 even under Pi-sufficient conditions, including Pi transporters, SPXs, phosphatases and lipid composition alteration-related genes. In addition to P accumulation in the shoots of sbpho2, concentrations of N, K, and other metal elements were also altered significantly in the sbpho2 plants. Nitrate uptake was also suppressed in the sbpho2 mutant. Consistent with this finding, the expression of several nitrate-, potassium- and other metal element-related genes was also altered in sbpho2. Furthermore, the results indicated that N-dependent control of the P starvation response is regulated via SbPHO2 in sorghum. Our results suggest that SbPHO2 participates in the regulation of the absorption of multiple nutrients, although PHO2 is a crucial and conserved component of Pi starvation signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhu
- Crop Molecular Improvement Lab, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
| | - Kuangzheng Qu
- Crop Molecular Improvement Lab, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Li
- Crop Molecular Improvement Lab, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Crop Molecular Improvement Lab, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Crop Molecular Improvement Lab, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Cong
- Crop Molecular Improvement Lab, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunming Bai
- Crop Molecular Improvement Lab, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaochun Lu
- Crop Molecular Improvement Lab, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China.
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Li Z, Wu Y, Hu J, Yang G, Wang Z, Sun J. Dissection of the response mechanism of alfalfa under phosphite stress based on metabolomic and transcriptomic data. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:35-49. [PMID: 36206705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphite, a reduced form of phosphate, inhibits the growth and even has toxic effect on plants. To learn more about the mechanism of alfalfa responses to phosphite, the morphological and physiological characteristics, and the metabolites and transcript levels were comprehensively analyzed following the exposure of alfalfa seedlings to phosphite and phosphate under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that phosphite inhibited seedling growth and photosynthesis. However, the absorption efficiency of phosphite was higher than that of phosphate in roots, which was supported by increased total phosphorus concentration of 16.29% and 52.30% on days 8 and 12. Moreover, phosphite stress affected the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates, which were reflected in enhanced glycolipid and sulfolipid in roots and amylose in shoots. Phosphite stress resulted in a decrease in indole acetic acid (IAA) in the whole plant and zeatin in the shoots, which could enable alfalfa to adapt to the phosphite environment. Some genes involved in phosphate starvation response included SPX, phosphate response regulator2, and inorganic phosphate transporter 1-4 (PHT1;4) in roots were affected by phosphite stress. In addition, some genes that are involved in stress responses and DNA repair were induced by phosphite stress. These observations together suggest that alfalfa responds to phosphite stress by inhibiting growth, regulating the genes induced by phosphate starvation, improving oxidative protection, promoting DNA repair, and adjusting the IAA and zeatin signaling transductions. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular response to phosphite stress in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
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18
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Nasr Esfahani M, Kusano M, Abdelrahman M, Nguyen KH, Watanabe Y, Mochida K, Burritt DJ, Tran LSP. Differential metabolic rearrangements in the roots and leaves of Cicer arietinum caused by single or double nitrate and/or phosphate deficiencies. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1643-1659. [PMID: 35862290 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3 - ) and phosphate (Pi) deficiencies are the major constraints for chickpea productivity, significantly impacting global food security. However, excessive fertilization is expensive and can also lead to environmental pollution. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop chickpea cultivars that are able to grow on soils deficient in both NO3 - and Pi. This study focused on the identification of key NO3 - and/or Pi starvation-responsive metabolic pathways in the leaves and roots of chickpea grown under single and double nutrient deficiencies of NO3 - and Pi, in comparison with nutrient-sufficient conditions. A global metabolite analysis revealed organ-specific differences in the metabolic adaptation to nutrient deficiencies. Moreover, we found stronger adaptive responses in the roots and leaves to any single than combined nutrient-deficient stresses. For example, chickpea enhanced the allocation of carbon among nitrogen-rich amino acids (AAs) and increased the production of organic acids in roots under NO3 - deficiency, whereas this adaptive response was not found under double nutrient deficiency. Nitrogen remobilization through the transport of AAs from leaves to roots was greater under NO3 - deficiency than double nutrient deficiency conditions. Glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate accumulated in the roots under single nutrient deficiencies, but not under double nutrient deficiency, and higher glycolytic pathway activities were observed in both roots and leaves under single nutrient deficiency than double nutrient deficiency. Hence, the simultaneous deficiency generated a unique profile of metabolic changes that could not be simply described as the result of the combined deficiencies of the two nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Molecular Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suze, new Galala, 43511, Egypt
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
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19
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Cross-Talk between Transcriptome Analysis and Physiological Characterization Identifies the Genes in Response to the Low Phosphorus Stress in Malus mandshurica. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094896. [PMID: 35563283 PMCID: PMC9105917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (Pi) is a macronutrient essential for plant growth, development, and reproduction. However, there is not an efficient available amount of Pi that can be absorbed by plants in the soil. Previously, an elite line, MSDZ 109, selected from Malus mandshurica, was justified for its excellent tolerance to low phosphorus (low−Pi) stress. To date, however, the genes involved in low−Pi stress tolerance have not yet been unraveled in this species. Currently, the physiological responses of this line for different days to low−Pi stress were characterized, and their roots as well as leaves were used to carry out transcriptome analysis, so as to illuminate the potential molecular pathways and identify the genes involved in low−Pi stress−response. After exposure to low−Pi treatment (32 µmol/L KH2PO4) for 20 day after treatment (DAF) the biomass of shoots was significantly reduced in comparison with that of the stress−free (control), and root architecture diversely changed. For example, the root growth parameters e.g., length, surface area, and total volume somewhat increase in comparison with those of the control. The activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) increased with the low−Pi treatment, whereas the photosynthetic rate and biomass were declining. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), were substantially elevated in response to low−Pi treatment. Many enzyme−related candidate genes e.g., MmCAT1, MmSOD1 and MmPOD21 were up−regulated to low−Pi treatment. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that the processes of photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling pathway were affected in the low−Pi response. In combination with the physiological characterization, several low−Pi−responsive genes, e.g., PHT, PHO, were identified, and the genes implicated in Pi uptake and transport, such as MmPHT1;5, MmPHO1, MmPAP1, etc., were also obtained since their expression status varied among the exposure times, which probably notifies the candidates involved in low−Pi−responsive tolerance in this line. Interestingly, low−Pi treatment activated the expression of transcription factors including the WRKY family, MYB family, etc. The available evidences will facilitate a better understanding of the roles of this line underlying the high tolerance to low−Pi stress. Additionally, the accessible data are helpful for the use of the apple rootstock M. mandshurica under low−Pi stress.
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Prathap V, Kumar A, Maheshwari C, Tyagi A. Phosphorus homeostasis: acquisition, sensing, and long-distance signaling in plants. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8071-8086. [PMID: 35318578 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient required by plants often becomes the limiting factor for plant growth and development. Plants employ various mechanisms to sense the continuously changing P content in the soil. Transcription factors, such as SHORT ROOT (SHR), AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR19 (ARF19), and ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) regulate the growth of primary roots, root hairs, and lateral roots under low P. Crop improvement strategies under low P depend either on improving P acquisition efficiency or increasing P utilization. The various phosphate transporters (PTs) are involved in the uptake and transport of P from the soil to various plant cellular organelles. A plethora of regulatory elements including transcription factors, microRNAs and several proteins play a critical role in the regulation of coordinated cellular P homeostasis. Among these, the well-established P starvation signaling pathway comprising of central transcriptional factor phosphate starvation response (PHR), microRNA399 (miR399) as a long-distance signal molecule, and PHOSPHATE 2 (PHO2), an E2 ubiquitin conjugase is crucial in the regulation of phosphorus starvation responsive genes. Under PHR control, several classes of PHTs, microRNAs, and proteins modulate root architecture, and metabolic processes to enable plants to adapt to low P. Even though sucrose and inositol phosphates are known to influence the phosphorus starvation response genes, the exact mechanism of regulation is still unclear. In this review, a basic understanding of P homeostasis under low P in plants and all the above aspects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Prathap
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aruna Tyagi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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21
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Han Y, White PJ, Cheng L. Mechanisms for improving phosphorus utilization efficiency in plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:247-258. [PMID: 34864840 PMCID: PMC8835619 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limitation of plant productivity by phosphorus (P) supply is widespread and will probably increase in the future. Relatively large amounts of P fertilizer are applied to sustain crop growth and development and to achieve high yields. However, with increasing P application, plant P efficiency generally declines, which results in greater losses of P to the environment with detrimental consequences for ecosystems. SCOPE A strategy for reducing P input and environmental losses while maintaining or increasing plant performance is the development of crops that take up P effectively from the soil (P acquisition efficiency) or promote productivity per unit of P taken up (P utilization efficiency). In this review, we describe current research on P metabolism and transport and its relevance for improving P utilization efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced P utilization efficiency can be achieved by optimal partitioning of cellular P and distributing P effectively between tissues, allowing maximum growth and biomass of harvestable plant parts. Knowledge of the mechanisms involved could help design and breed crops with greater P utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Philip J White
- Department of Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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22
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Cao GH, Wang XF, Li ZD, Zhang X, Li XG, Gu W, Zhang F, Yu J, He S. A Panax notoginseng phosphate transporter, PnPht1;3, greatly contributes to phosphate and arsenate uptake. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:259-271. [PMID: 35115080 DOI: 10.1071/fp21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The crisis of arsenic (As) accumulation in rhizomes threatens the quality and safety of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, which is a well-known traditional Chinese herb with a long clinical history. The uptake of arsenate (AsV) could be suppressed by supplying phosphate (Pi), in which Pi transporters play important roles in the uptake of Pi and AsV. Herein, the P . notoginseng Pi transporter-encoding gene PnPht1;3 was identified and characterised under Pi deficiency and AsV exposure. In this study, the open reading frame (ORF) of PnPht1;3 was cloned according to RNA-seq and encoded 545 amino acids. The relative expression levels revealed that PnPht1;3 was significantly upregulated under phosphate deficiency and AsV exposure. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae MB192 demonstrated that PnPht1;3 performed optimally in complementing the yeast Pi-transport defect and accumulated more As in the cells. Combined with the subcellular localisation prediction, it was concluded that PnPht1;3 encodes a functional plasma membrane-localised transporter protein that mediates putative high-affinity Pi/H+ symport activity and enhances the uptake of Pi and AsV. Therefore, a better understanding of the roles of the P . notoginseng Pi transporter could provide new insight for solving As accumulation in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xi-Fu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ze-Dong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wen Gu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Sen He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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23
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Li Z, Hu J, Wu Y, Wang J, Song H, Chai M, Cong L, Miao F, Ma L, Tang W, Yang C, Tao Q, Zhong S, Zhao Y, Liu H, Yang G, Wang Z, Sun J. Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome reveal the phosphate deficiency response pathways of alfalfa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:49-63. [PMID: 34847401 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the responses to inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency in alfalfa will help enhance Pi acquisition efficiency and the sustainable use of phosphorous resources. Integrated global metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of mid-vegetative alfalfa seedlings under 12-day Pi deficiency were conducted. Limited seedling growth were found, including 13.24%, 16.85% and 33.36% decreases in height, root length and photosynthesis, and a 24.10% increase in root-to-shoot ratio on day 12. A total of 322 and 448 differentially abundant metabolites and 1199 and 1061 differentially expressed genes were identified in roots and shoots. Increased (>3.68-fold) inorganic phosphate transporter 1;4 and SPX proteins levels in the roots (>2.15-fold) and shoots (>2.50-fold) were related to Pi absorption and translocation. The levels of phospholipids and Pi-binding carbohydrates and nucleosides were decreased, while those of phosphatases and pyrophosphatases in whole seedlings were induced under reduced Pi. In addition, nitrogen assimilation was affected by inhibiting high-affinity nitrate transporters (NRT2.1 and NRT3.1), and nitrate reductase. Increased delphinidin-3-glucoside might contribute to the gray-green leaves induced by Pi limitation. Stress-induced MYB, WRKY and ERF transcription factors were identified. The responses of alfalfa to Pi deficiency were summarized as local systemic signaling pathways, including root growth, stress-related responses consisting of enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems, and hormone signaling and systemic signaling pathways including Pi recycling and Pi sensing in the whole plant, as well as Pi recovery, and nitrate and metal absorption in the roots. This study provides important information on the molecular mechanism of the response to Pi deficiency in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Li
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Song
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Cong
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhong Miao
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lichao Ma
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qibo Tao
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shangzhi Zhong
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongqing Liu
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengyu Wang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
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24
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Bhadouria J, Giri J. Purple acid phosphatases: roles in phosphate utilization and new emerging functions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:33-51. [PMID: 34402946 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants strive for phosphorus (P), which is an essential mineral for their life. Since P availability is limiting in most of the world's soils, plants have evolved with a complex network of genes and their regulatory mechanisms to cope with soil P deficiency. Among them, purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are predominantly associated with P remobilization within the plant and acquisition from the soil by hydrolyzing organic P compounds. P in such compounds remains otherwise unavailable to plants for assimilation. PAPs are ubiquitous in plants, and similar enzymes exist in bacteria, fungi, mammals, and unicellular eukaryotes, but having some differences in their catalytic center. In the recent past, PAPs' roles have been extended to multiple plant processes like flowering, seed development, senescence, carbon metabolism, response to biotic and abiotic stresses, signaling, and root development. While new functions have been assigned to PAPs, the underlying mechanisms remained understood poorly. Here, we review the known functions of PAPs, the regulatory mechanisms, and their relevance in crop improvement for P-use-efficiency. We then discuss the mechanisms behind their functions and propose areas worthy of future research. Finally, we argue that PAPs could be a potential target for improving P utilization in crops. In turn, this is essential for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bhadouria
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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25
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Srivastava S, Suprasanna P. MicroRNAs: Tiny, powerful players of metal stress responses in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:928-938. [PMID: 34246107 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination of the environment is a widespread problem threatening sustainable and safe crop production. Physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms of plant responses to metal exposure have been studied to establish the best possible agronomical or biotechnological methods to tackle metal contamination. Metal stress tolerance is regulated by several molecular effectors among which microRNAs are one of the key master regulators of plant growth and stress responses in plants. MicroRNAs are known to coordinate multitude of plant responses to metal stress through antioxidant functions, root growth, hormonal signalling, transcription factors and metal transporters. The present review discusses integrative functions of microRNAs in the regulation of metal stress in plants, which will be useful for engineering stress tolerance traits for improved plant growth and productivity in metal stressed situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, Maharashtra, India
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Zhao X, Yang J, Li G, Sun Z, Chen Y, Guo W, Li Y, Chen Y, Hou H. Identification, structure analysis, and transcript profiling of phosphate transporters under Pi deficiency in duckweeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:595-608. [PMID: 34389388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate transporters (PHTs) mediate the uptake and translocation of phosphate in plants. A comprehensive analysis of the PHT family in aquatic plant is still lacking. In this study, we identified 73 PHT members of six major PHT families from four duckweed species. The phylogenetic analysis, gene structure and protein characteristics analysis revealed that PHT genes are highly conserved among duckweeds. Interaction network and miRNA target prediction showed that SpPHTs could interact with the important components of the nitrate/phosphate signaling pathway, and spo-miR399 might be a central regulator that mediates phosphate signal network in giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza). The modeled 3D structure of SpPHT proteins shared a high level of homology with template structures, which provide information to understand their functions at proteomic level. The expression profiles derived from transcriptome data and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that SpPHT genes are respond to exogenous stimuli and remarkably induced by phosphate starvation, phosphate is absorbed from aquatic environment by the whole duckweed plant. This study lays the foundation for further functional studies on PHT genes for genetic improvement and the promotion of phosphate uptake efficiency in duckweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaojie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zuoliang Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yixian Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Mostofa MG, Rahman MM, Nguyen KH, Li W, Watanabe Y, Tran CD, Zhang M, Itouga M, Fujita M, Tran LSP. Strigolactones regulate arsenate uptake, vacuolar-sequestration and antioxidant defense responses to resist arsenic toxicity in rice roots. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125589. [PMID: 34088170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We explored genetic evidence for strigolactones' role in rice tolerance to arsenate-stress. Comparative analyses of roots of wild-type (WT) and strigolactone-deficient mutants d10 and d17 in response to sodium arsenate (Na2AsO4) revealed differential growth inhibition [WT (11.28%) vs. d10 (19.76%) and d17 (18.03%)], biomass reduction [(WT (33.65%) vs. d10 (74.86%) and d17 (60.65%)] and membrane damage (WT < d10 and d17) at 250 μM Na2AsO4. Microscopic and biochemical analyses showed that roots of WT accumulated lower levels of arsenic and oxidative stress indicators like reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde than those of strigolactone-deficient mutants. qRT-PCR data indicated lower expression levels of genes (OsPT1, OsPT2, OsPT4 and OsPT8) encoding phosphate-transporters in WT roots than mutant roots, explaining the decreased arsenate and phosphate uptake by WT roots. Increased levels of glutathione and OsPCS1 and OsABCC1 transcripts indicated an efficient vacuolar-sequestration of arsenic in WT roots. Furthermore, higher activities (transcript levels) of SOD (OsCuZnSOD1 and OsCuZnSOD2), APX (OsAPX1 and OsAPX2) and CAT (OsCATA) corresponded to lower oxidative damage in WT roots compared with strigolactone-mutant roots. Collectively, these results highlight that strigolactones are involved in arsenic-stress mitigation by regulating arsenate-uptake, glutathione-biosynthesis, vacuolar-sequestration of arsenic and antioxidant defense responses in rice roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong St., Ha noi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Weiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China; Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Minghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Misao Itouga
- Synthetic Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Japan Moss Factory Co., Ltd., WRIP408, 2-3-13, Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0104, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409, TX, USA.
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28
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Dissanayaka DMSB, Ghahremani M, Siebers M, Wasaki J, Plaxton WC. Recent insights into the metabolic adaptations of phosphorus-deprived plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:199-223. [PMID: 33211873 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential macronutrient required for many fundamental processes in plants, including photosynthesis and respiration, as well as nucleic acid, protein, and membrane phospholipid synthesis. The huge use of Pi-containing fertilizers in agriculture demonstrates that the soluble Pi levels of most soils are suboptimal for crop growth. This review explores recent advances concerning the understanding of adaptive metabolic processes that plants have evolved to alleviate the negative impact of nutritional Pi deficiency. Plant Pi starvation responses arise from complex signaling pathways that integrate altered gene expression with post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. The resultant remodeling of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome enhances the efficiency of root Pi acquisition from the soil, as well as the use of assimilated Pi throughout the plant. We emphasize how the up-regulation of high-affinity Pi transporters and intra- and extracellular Pi scavenging and recycling enzymes, organic acid anion efflux, membrane remodeling, and the remarkable flexibility of plant metabolism and bioenergetics contribute to the survival of Pi-deficient plants. This research field is enabling the development of a broad range of innovative and promising strategies for engineering phosphorus-efficient crops. Such cultivars are urgently needed to reduce inputs of unsustainable and non-renewable Pi fertilizers for maximum agronomic benefit and long-term global food security and ecosystem preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M S B Dissanayaka
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mina Ghahremani
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meike Siebers
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jun Wasaki
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Nasr Esfahani M, Inoue K, Nguyen KH, Chu HD, Watanabe Y, Kanatani A, Burritt DJ, Mochida K, Tran LSP. Phosphate or nitrate imbalance induces stronger molecular responses than combined nutrient deprivation in roots and leaves of chickpea plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:574-597. [PMID: 33145807 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The negative effects of phosphate (Pi) and/or nitrate (NO3- ) fertilizers on the environment have raised an urgent need to develop crop varieties with higher Pi and/or nitrogen use efficiencies for cultivation in low-fertility soils. Achieving this goal depends upon research that focuses on the identification of genes involved in plant responses to Pi and/or NO3- starvation. Although plant responses to individual deficiency in either Pi (-Pi/+NO3- ) or NO3- (+Pi/-NO3- ) have been separately studied, our understanding of plant responses to combined Pi and NO3- deficiency (-Pi/-NO3- ) is still very limited. Using RNA-sequencing approach, transcriptome changes in the roots and leaves of chickpea cultivated under -Pi/+NO3- , +Pi/-NO3- or -Pi/-NO3- conditions were investigated in a comparative manner. -Pi/-NO3- treatment displayed lesser effect on expression changes of genes related to Pi or NO3- transport, signalling networks, lipid remodelling, nitrogen and Pi scavenging/remobilization/recycling, carbon metabolism and hormone metabolism than -Pi/+NO3- or +Pi/-NO3- treatments. Therefore, the plant response to -Pi/-NO3- is not simply an additive result of plant responses to -Pi/+NO3- and +Pi/-NO3- treatments. Our results indicate that nutrient imbalance is a stronger stimulus for molecular reprogramming than an overall deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Duc Chu
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asaka Kanatani
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Microalgae Production Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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30
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Wang Y, Wang K, Wang Q, Wan Y, Zhuang Z, Yu Y, Li H. Selenite Uptake and Transformation in Rice Seedlings ( Oryza sativa L.): Response to Phosphorus Nutrient Status. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:874. [PMID: 32655602 PMCID: PMC7324753 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Selenite and phosphate share similar uptake mechanisms, as a phosphate transporter is involved in the selenite uptake process. However, the mechanism by which selenium (Se) transformation in plants is mediated by phosphorus (P) remains unclear. In this hydroponic study, the absorption, translocation, and biotransformation of Se in selenite-treated rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were investigated under varying P nutrient status. The results showed that P-deficient cultivation increased the Se concentration in roots with Se-only treatment by 2.1 times relative to that of the P-normal condition. However, co-treating roots with additional P caused the Se concentration to decline by 20 and 73% compared to Se treatment alone under P-normal and P-deficient cultivation, respectively. A similar pattern was also observed in Se uptake by rice roots. With an Se-transfer factor elevated by 4.4 times, the shoot Se concentration was increased by 44% with additional P supply compared to the concentration under Se-only treatment of P deficiency; however, no significant differences were observed regarding P-normal cultivation. P deficiency increased the Se percentage by 28% within the cell wall, but reduced it by 60% in the soluble fraction of Se-only treated roots relative to that of the P-normal condition. Contrarily, compared with the Se-only treatment under P deficiency, additional P supply enhanced Se storage in the root soluble fraction by 1.3 times. The opposite tendency was observed for rice shoots. Moreover, P deficiency reduced the proportion of SeMet by 22%, but increased MeSeCys by 1.3 times in Se-only treated roots compared to those under the P-normal condition. Interestingly, MeSeCys was not detected when additional P was added to the two cultivation conditions. Unlike in the roots, only SeMet was generally detected in the rice shoots. The results demonstrate that the P nutrient status strongly affects the Se biofortification efficiency in rice seedlings by altering the Se subcellular distribution and speciation.
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Wang F, Deng M, Chen J, He Q, Jia X, Guo H, Xu J, Liu Y, Zhang S, Shou H, Mao C. CASEIN KINASE2-Dependent Phosphorylation of PHOSPHATE2 Fine-tunes Phosphate Homeostasis in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:250-262. [PMID: 32161109 PMCID: PMC7210639 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved complex physiological and biochemical mechanisms to adapt to a heterogeneous soil phosphorus environment. PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2) is a phosphate (Pi) starvation-signaling regulator involved in maintaining Pi homeostasis in plants. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PHO2 targets PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 (PHT1) and PHO1 for degradation, whereas rice (Oryza sativa) PHO2 is thought to mediate PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER TRAFFIC FACILITATOR1 degradation. However, it is unclear whether and how PHO2 is post-translationally regulated. Here, we show that in rice, the CASEIN KINASE2 (OsCK2) catalytic subunit OsCK2α3 interacts with OsPHO2 in vitro and in vivo in vascular tissues cells, and phosphorylates OsPHO2 at Ser-841. Phosphorylated OsPHO2 is degraded more rapidly than native OsPHO2 in cell-free degradation assays. OsPHO2 interacts with OsPHO1 and targets it for degradation through a multivesicular body-mediated pathway. PHO1 mutation partially rescued the pho2 mutant phenotype. Further genetic analysis showed that a nonphosphorylatable version of OsPHO2 rescued the Ospho2 phenotype of high Pi accumulation in leaves better than native OsPHO2. In addition to the previously established role of OsCK2 in negatively regulating endoplasmic reticulum exit of PHT1 phosphate transporters, this work uncovers a role for OsCK2α3 in modulating Pi homeostasis through regulating the phosphorylation status and abundance of OsPHO2 in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meiju Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jieyu Chen
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Qiuju He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinye Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huaxing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Shrivastava A, Barla A, Majumdar A, Singh S, Bose S. Arsenic mitigation in rice grain loading via alternative irrigation by proposed water management practices. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124988. [PMID: 31645266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the occurrence of high concentrations of arsenic (As) in drinking-water and its subsequent poisoning in rice has been recognized as a major public-health concern globally, especially in Ganga Delta Plain with more than 80 million peoples in serious As exposure far beyond than its allowable limit. An extensive field study was conducted for consecutive four years viz. 2013 to 2016, introducing a process of intermittent irrigation pattern comparing to the conventional practice of rice cultivation in India. The practice provides a combination of aerobic and anaerobic irrigation resulting better rice productivity with lesser arsenic mobility and accumulation in rice grains. This present research finding clearly points out to the marked reduction of arsenic load from average 1.6 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg in rice grain, much closer to FAO/WHO prescribed safe limit and in the continuous practice of proposed agricultural strategy resulting in a gradual decrease of 15% bioavailable arsenic in each year. Total productivity (in kg/hectare) also increased by 540 kg/year in boro and 340 kg/year in amon subsequently achieving the prescribed safe limit of As in grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Shrivastava
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India, 741246
| | - Anil Barla
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India, 741246
| | - Arnab Majumdar
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India, 741246
| | - Surjit Singh
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India, 741246
| | - Sutapa Bose
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India, 741246.
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Sulieman S, Kusano M, Ha CV, Watanabe Y, Abdalla MA, Abdelrahman M, Kobayashi M, Saito K, Mühling KH, Tran LSP. Divergent metabolic adjustments in nodules are indispensable for efficient N 2 fixation of soybean under phosphate stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 289:110249. [PMID: 31623782 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to characterize the symbiotic N2 fixation (SNF) capacity and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for low-Pi acclimation in soybean plants grown in association with two Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens strains which differ in SNF capacity (USDA110 vs. CB1809). In comparison with the USDA110-soybean, the CB1809-soybean association revealed a greater SNF capacity in response to Pi starvation, as evidenced by relative higher plant growth and higher expression levels of the nifHDK genes. This enhanced Pi acclimation was partially related to the efficient utilization to the overall carbon (C) budget of symbiosis in the CB1809-induced nodules compared with that of the USDA110-induced nodules under low-Pi provision. In contrast, the USDA110-induced nodules favored other metabolic acclimation mechanisms that expend substantial C cost, and consequently cause negative implications on nodule C expenditure during low-Pi conditions. Fatty acids, phytosterols and secondary metabolites are characterized among the metabolic pathways involved in nodule acclimation under Pi starvation. While USDA110-soybean association performed better under Pi sufficiency, it is very likely that the CB1809-soybean association is better acclimatized to cope with Pi deficiency owing to the more effective functional plasticity and lower C cost associated with these nodular metabolic arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Sulieman
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, 13314 Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chien Van Ha
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Muna Ali Abdalla
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, 13314 Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Karl H Mühling
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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34
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Aubry E, Dinant S, Vilaine F, Bellini C, Le Hir R. Lateral Transport of Organic and Inorganic Solutes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E20. [PMID: 30650538 PMCID: PMC6358943 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic (e.g., sugars and amino acids) and inorganic (e.g., K⁺, Na⁺, PO₄2-, and SO₄2-) solutes are transported long-distance throughout plants. Lateral movement of these compounds between the xylem and the phloem, and vice versa, has also been reported in several plant species since the 1930s, and is believed to be important in the overall resource allocation. Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana have provided us with a better knowledge of the anatomical framework in which the lateral transport takes place, and have highlighted the role of specialized vascular and perivascular cells as an interface for solute exchanges. Important breakthroughs have also been made, mainly in Arabidopsis, in identifying some of the proteins involved in the cell-to-cell translocation of solutes, most notably a range of plasma membrane transporters that act in different cell types. Finally, in the future, state-of-art imaging techniques should help to better characterize the lateral transport of these compounds on a cellular level. This review brings the lateral transport of sugars and inorganic solutes back into focus and highlights its importance in terms of our overall understanding of plant resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Aubry
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Françoise Vilaine
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90183 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
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