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Kovalev MA, Gladysh NS, Bogdanova AS, Bolsheva NL, Popchenko MI, Kudryavtseva AV. Editing Metabolism, Sex, and Microbiome: How Can We Help Poplar Resist Pathogens? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1308. [PMID: 38279306 PMCID: PMC10816636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poplar (Populus) is a genus of woody plants of great economic value. Due to the growing economic importance of poplar, there is a need to ensure its stable growth by increasing its resistance to pathogens. Genetic engineering can create organisms with improved traits faster than traditional methods, and with the development of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing systems, scientists have a new highly effective tool for creating valuable genotypes. In this review, we summarize the latest research data on poplar diseases, the biology of their pathogens and how these plants resist pathogens. In the final section, we propose to plant male or mixed poplar populations; consider the genes of the MLO group, transcription factors of the WRKY and MYB families and defensive proteins BbChit1, LJAMP2, MsrA2 and PtDef as the most promising targets for genetic engineering; and also pay attention to the possibility of microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Kovalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya S. Gladysh
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Alina S. Bogdanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127434 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Bolsheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Mikhail I. Popchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Mao T, Zhang Y, Xue W, Jin Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhuo S, Gao F, Su Y, Yu C, Guo X, Sheng Y, Zhang J, Zhang H. Identification, characterisation and expression analysis of peanut sugar invertase genes reveal their vital roles in response to abiotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:30. [PMID: 38195770 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Sucrose invertase activity is positively related to osmotic and salt stress resistance in peanut. Sucrose invertases (INVs) have important functions in plant growth and response to environmental stresses. However, their biological roles in peanut are still not fully revealed. In this research, we identified 42 AhINV genes in the peanut genome. They were highly conserved and clustered into three groups with 24 segmental duplication events occurred under purifying selection. Transcriptional expression analysis exhibited that they were all ubiquitously expressed, and most of them were up-regulated by osmotic and salt stresses, with AhINV09, AhINV23 and AhINV19 showed the most significant up-regulation. Further physiochemical analysis showed that the resistance of peanut to osmotic and salt stress was positively related to the high sugar content and sucrose invertase activity. Our results provided fundamental information on the structure and evolutionary relationship of INV gene family in peanut and gave theoretical guideline for further functional study of AhINV genes in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Mao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenwen Xue
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Jin
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongfei Zhao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengjie Zhuo
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanping Su
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuting Sheng
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China.
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China.
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 21 Zhichubei Road, Yantai, 264001, Shandong Province, China.
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Zhang S, Wang W, Chang R, Yu J, Yan J, Yu W, Li C, Xu Z. Structure and Expression Analysis of PtrSUS, PtrINV, PtrHXK, PtrPGM, and PtrUGP Gene Families in Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17277. [PMID: 38139109 PMCID: PMC10743687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous nitrogen and carbon can affect plant cell walls, which are composed of structural carbon. Sucrose synthase (SUS), invertase (INV), hexokinase (HXK), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) are the key enzymes of sucrose metabolism involved in cell wall synthesis. To understand whether these genes are regulated by carbon and nitrogen to participate in structural carbon biosynthesis, we performed genome-wide identification, analyzed their expression patterns under different carbon and nitrogen treatments, and conducted preliminary functional verification. Different concentrations of nitrogen and carbon were applied to poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray), which caused changes in cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose contents. In poplar, 6 SUSs, 20 INVs, 6 HXKs, 4 PGMs, and 2 UGPs were identified. Moreover, the physicochemical properties, collinearity, and tissue specificity were analyzed. The correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of PtrSUS3/5, PtrNINV1/2/3/5/12, PtrCWINV3, PtrVINV2, PtrHXK5/6, PtrPGM1/2, and PtrUGP1 were positively correlated with the cellulose content. Meanwhile, the knockout of PtrNINV12 significantly reduced the cellulose content. This study could lay the foundation for revealing the functions of SUSs, INVs, HXKs, PGMs, and UGPs, which affected structural carbon synthesis regulated by nitrogen and carbon, proving that PtrNINV12 is involved in cell wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (S.Z.); (W.W.); (R.C.)
| | - Wenjie Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (S.Z.); (W.W.); (R.C.)
| | - Ruhui Chang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (S.Z.); (W.W.); (R.C.)
| | - Jiajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Junxin Yan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Wenxi Yu
- Heilongjiang Forestry Academy of Science, Harbin 150081, China;
| | - Chunming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Zhiru Xu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (S.Z.); (W.W.); (R.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
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Wang C, Wang G, Wen X, Qu X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Deng P, Chen C, Ji W, Zhang H. Characteristics and Expression Analysis of Invertase Gene Family in Common Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:41. [PMID: 36672783 PMCID: PMC9858860 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertase (INV) irreversibly catalyzes the conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose, playing important role in plant development and stress tolerance. However, the functions of INV genes in wheat have been less studied. In this study, a total of 126 TaINV genes were identified using a genome-wide search method, which could be classified into five classes (TaCWI-α, TaCWI-β, TaCI-α, TaCI-β, and TaVI) based on phylogenetic relationship. A total of 101 TaINVs were collinear with their ancestors in the synteny analysis, and we speculated that polyploidy events were the main force in the expansion of the TaINV gene family. Compared with TaCI, TaCWI and TaVI are more similar in gene structure and protein properties. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that TaINVs expressed in multiple tissues with different expression levels. Among 19 tissue-specific expressed TaINVs, 12 TaINVs showed grain-specific expression pattern and might play an important role in wheat grain development. In addition, qRT-PCR results further confirmed that TaCWI50 and TaVI27 show different expression in grain weight NILs. Our results demonstrated that the high expression of TaCWI50 and TaVI27 may be associated with a larger TGW phenotype. This work provides the foundations for understanding the grain development mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Guanghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xinyu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiaojian Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Pingchuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chunhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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Morin A, Kadi F, Porcheron B, Vriet C, Maurousset L, Lemoine R, Pourtau N, Doidy J. Genome-wide identification of invertases in Fabaceae, focusing on transcriptional regulation of Pisum sativum invertases in seed subjected to drought. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13673. [PMID: 35307852 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Invertases are key enzymes for carbon metabolism, cleaving sucrose into energy-rich and signaling metabolites, glucose and fructose. Invertases play pivotal roles in development and stress response, determining yield and quality of seed production. In this context, the repertoire of invertase gene families is critically scarce in legumes. Here, we performed a systematic search for invertase families in 16 Fabaceae genomes. For instance, we identified 19 invertase genes in the model plant Medicago and 17 accessions in the agronomic crop Pisum sativum. Our comprehensive phylogenetic analysis sets a milestone for the scientific community as we propose a new nomenclature to correctly name plant invertases. Thus, neutral invertases were classified into four clades of cytosolic invertase (CINV). Acid invertases were classified into two cell wall invertase clades (CWINV) and two vacuolar invertase clades (VINV). Then, we explored transcriptional regulation of the pea invertase family, focusing on seed development and water stress. Invertase expression decreased sharply from embryogenesis to seed-filling stages, consistent with higher sucrose and lower monosaccharide contents. The vacuolar invertase PsVINV1.1 clearly marked the transition between both developmental stages. We hypothesize that the predominantly expressed cell wall invertase, PsCWINV1.2, may drive sucrose unloading towards developing seeds. The same candidates, PsVINV1.1 and PsCWINV1.2, were also regulated by water deficit during embryonic stage. We suggest that PsVINV1.1 along with vacuolar sugar transporters maintain cellular osmotic pressure and PsCWINV1.2 control hexose provision, thereby ensuring embryo survival in drought conditions. Altogether, our findings provide novel insights into the regulation of plant carbon metabolism in a challenging environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Morin
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Fadia Kadi
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Benoit Porcheron
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Cécile Vriet
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Laurence Maurousset
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Rémi Lemoine
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Pourtau
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Joan Doidy
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
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Feng Z, Zheng F, Wu S, Li R, Li Y, Zhong J, Zhao H. Functional Characterization of a Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) Vacuolar Invertase, CsVI1, Involved in Hexose Accumulation and Response to Low Temperature Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179365. [PMID: 34502273 PMCID: PMC8431200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), an important vegetable plant species, is susceptible to low temperature stress especially during the seedling stage. Vacuolar invertase (VI) plays important roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of VI function in cucumber, have not yet been completely understood and VI responses to low temperature stress and it functions in cold tolerance in cucumber seedlings are also in need of exploration. The present study found that hexose accumulation in the roots of cucumber seedlings under low temperature stress is closely related to the observed enhancement of invertase activity. Our genome-wide search for the vacuolar invertase (VI) genes in cucumber identified the candidate VI-encoding gene CsVI1. Expression profiling of CsVI1 showed that it was mainly expressed in the young roots of cucumber seedlings. In addition, transcriptional analysis indicated that CsVI1 expression could respond to low temperature stress. Recombinant CsVI1 proteins purified from Pichia pastoris and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves could hydrolyze sucrose into hexoses. Further, overexpression of CsVI1 in cucumber plants could increase their hexose contents and improve their low temperature tolerance. Lastly, a putative cucumber invertase inhibitor was found could form a complex with CsVI1. In summary, these results confirmed that CsVI1 functions as an acid invertase involved in hexose accumulation and responds to low temperature stress in cucumber seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Feng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 732001, China;
| | - Fenghua Zheng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Silin Wu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Rui Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yue Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiaxin Zhong
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Ferreira-Neto JRC, da Silva MD, Rodrigues FA, Nepomuceno AL, Pandolfi V, de Lima Morais DA, Kido EA, Benko-Iseppon AM. Importance of inositols and their derivatives in cowpea under root dehydration: An omics perspective. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:441-462. [PMID: 33247842 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a robust analysis of the inositols (INSs) and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) pathways, using genomic and transcriptomic tools in cowpea under root dehydration. Nineteen (~70%) of the 26 scrutinized enzymes presented transcriptional up-regulation in at least one treatment time. The transcriptional orchestration allowed categorization of the analyzed enzymes as time-independent (those showing the same regulation throughout the assay) and time-dependent (those showing different transcriptional regulation over time). It is suggested that up-regulated time-independent enzymes (INSs: myo-inositol oxygenase, inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase 3, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase 4-like, 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase, phosphoinositide phospholipase C, and non-specific phospholipase C; RFOs: α-galactosidase, invertase, and raffinose synthase) actively participate in the reorganization of cowpea molecular physiology under the applied stress. In turn, time-dependent enzymes, especially those up-regulated in some of the treatment times (INSs: inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, phosphatidylinositol synthase, multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase 1, methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and protein-tyrosine-phosphatase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RFOs: galactinol synthase) seem to participate in fine-tuning of the molecular physiology, helping the cowpea plants to acclimatize under dehydration stress. Not all loci encoding the studied enzymes were expressed during the assay; most of the expressed ones exhibited a variable transcriptional profile in the different treatment times. Genes of the INSs and RFOs pathways showed high orthology with analyzed Phaseoleae members, suggesting a relevant role within this legume group. Regarding the promoter regions of INSs and RFOs genes, some bona fide cis-regulatory elements were identified in association with seven transcription factor families (AP2-EFR, Dof-type, MADS-box, bZIP, CPP, ZF-HD, and GATA-type). Members of INSs and RFOs pathways potentially participate in other processes regulated by these proteins in cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R C Ferreira-Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center of Biosciences, Genetics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana A Rodrigues
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Alexandre L Nepomuceno
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation's-EMBRAPA Soybean, Rodovia Carlos João Strass-Distrito de Warta, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Genetics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Ederson A Kido
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center of Biosciences, Genetics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana M Benko-Iseppon
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Genetics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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8
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Structure and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase, Sucrose Synthase and Invertase Gene Families in Solanum lycopersicum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094698. [PMID: 33946733 PMCID: PMC8124378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SUS) and invertase (INV) are all encoded by multigene families. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a comprehensive analysis of structure characteristics of these family genes is still lacking, and the functions of individual isoforms of these families are mostly unclear under stress. Here, the structure characteristics of the three families in tomato were analyzed; moreover, as a first step toward understanding the functions of isoforms of these proteins under stress, the tissue expression pattern and stress response of these genes were also investigated. The results showed that four SPS genes, six SUS genes and nineteen INV genes were identified in tomato. The subfamily differentiation of SlSPS and SlSUS might have completed before the split of monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The conserved motifs were mostly consistent within each protein family/subfamily. These genes demonstrated differential expressions among family members and tissues, and in response to polyethylene glycerol, NaCl, H2O2, abscisic acid or salicylic acid treatment. Our results suggest that each isoform of these families may have different functions in different tissues and under environmental stimuli. SlSPS1, SlSPS3, SlSUS1, SlSUS3, SlSUS4, SlINVAN5 and SlINVAN7 demonstrated consistent expression responses and may be the major genes responding to exogenous stimuli.
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Wu T, Liu Z, Yang L, Cheng Y, Tu J, Yang F, Zhu H, Li X, Dai Y, Nie X, Qin Z. The Pyrus bretschneideri invertase gene family: identification, phylogeny and expression patterns. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1745688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Department of Pear Research, Institute of Fruit & Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pear Research, Institute of Fruit & Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pear Research, Institute of Fruit & Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yinsheng Cheng
- Department of Pear Research, Institute of Fruit & Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Junfan Tu
- Department of Pear Research, Institute of Fruit & Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Fuchen Yang
- Department of Pear Research, Institute of Fruit & Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Pear Research, Institute of Fruit & Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xianming Li
- Department of Pear Research, Institute of Fruit & Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Dai
- Department of Pear Research, Institute of Fruit & Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xianshuang Nie
- Department of Pear Research, Institute of Fruit & Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqi Qin
- Department of Pear Research, Institute of Fruit & Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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10
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Zhou H, Li C, Qiu X, Lu S. Systematic Analysis of Alkaline/Neutral Invertase Genes Reveals the Involvement of Smi-miR399 in Regulation of SmNINV3 and SmNINV4 in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8110490. [PMID: 31717988 PMCID: PMC6918228 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline/neutral invertases (NINVs), which irreversibly catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose into fructose and glucose, play crucial roles in carbohydrate metabolism and plant development. Comprehensive insights into NINV genes are lacking in Salvia miltiorrhiza, a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) plant with significant medicinal and economic value. Through genome-wide prediction, nine putative SmNINV genes, termed SmNINV1-SmNINV9, were identified. Integrated analysis of gene structures, sequence features, conserved domains, conserved motifs and phylogenetic trees revealed the conservation and divergence of SmNINVs. The identified SmNINVs were differentially expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and different root tissues. They also responded to drought, salicylic acid, yeast extract, and methyl jasmonate treatments. More importantly, computational prediction and experimental validation showed that SmNINV3 and SmNINV4 were targets of Smi-miR399, a conserved miRNA previously shown to affect Pi uptake and translocation through the cleavage of PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2). Consistently, analysis of 43 NINV genes and 26 miR399 sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, Manihot esculenta, and Solanum lycopersicum showed that various AtNINV, PtNINV, MeNINV, and SlNINV genes were regulated by miR399. It indicates that the miR399-NINV module exists widely in plants. Furthermore, Smi-miR399 also cleaved SmPHO2 transcripts in S. miltiorrhiza, suggesting the complexity of NINVs, PHO2, and miR399 networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shanfa Lu
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-57833366
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11
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Hupp S, Rosenkranz M, Bonfig K, Pandey C, Roitsch T. Noninvasive Phenotyping of Plant-Pathogen Interaction: Consecutive In Situ Imaging of Fluorescing Pseudomonas syringae, Plant Phenolic Fluorescence, and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Arabidopsis Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1239. [PMID: 31681362 PMCID: PMC6803544 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant-pathogen interactions have been widely studied, but mostly from the site of the plant secondary defense. Less is known about the effects of pathogen infection on plant primary metabolism. The possibility to transform a fluorescing protein into prokaryotes is a promising phenotyping tool to follow a bacterial infection in plants in a noninvasive manner. In the present study, virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae strains were transformed with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to follow the spread of bacteria in vivo by imaging Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM) fluorescence and conventional binocular microscopy. The combination of various wavelengths and filters allowed simultaneous detection of GFP-transformed bacteria, PAM chlorophyll fluorescence, and phenolic fluorescence from pathogen-infected plant leaves. The results show that fluorescence imaging allows spatiotemporal monitoring of pathogen spread as well as phenolic and chlorophyll fluorescence in situ, thus providing a novel means to study complex plant-pathogen interactions and relate the responses of primary and secondary metabolism to pathogen spread and multiplication. The study establishes a deeper understanding of imaging data and their implementation into disease screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hupp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Bonfig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chandana Pandey
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, CAS, Brno, Czechia
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12
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Chen L, Liu X, Huang X, Luo W, Long Y, Greiner S, Rausch T, Zhao H. Functional Characterization of a Drought-Responsive Invertase Inhibitor from Maize ( Zea mays L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4081. [PMID: 31438536 PMCID: PMC6747265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Invertases (INVs) play essential roles in plant growth in response to environmental cues. Previous work showed that plant invertases can be post-translationally regulated by small protein inhibitors (INVINHs). Here, this study characterizes a proteinaceous inhibitor of INVs in maize (Zm-INVINH4). A functional analysis of the recombinant Zm-INVINH4 protein revealed that it inhibited both cell wall and vacuolar invertase activities from maize leaves. A Zm-INVINH4::green fluorescent protein fusion experiment indicated that this protein localized in the apoplast. Transcript analysis showed that Zm-INVINH4 is specifically expressed in maize sink tissues, such as the base part of the leaves and young kernels. Moreover, drought stress perturbation significantly induced Zm-INVINH4 expression, which was accompanied with a decrease of cell wall invertase (CWI) activities and an increase of sucrose accumulation in both base parts of the leaves 2 to 7 days after pollinated kernels. In summary, the results support the hypothesis that INV-related sink growth in response to drought treatment is (partially) caused by a silencing of INV activity via drought-induced induction of Zm-INVINH4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuming Long
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Steffen Greiner
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rausch
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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13
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Genome-Wide Characterization of AspATs in Populus: Gene Expression Variation and Enzyme Activities in Response to Nitrogen Perturbations. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) catalyzes a reversible transamination reaction between glutamate and oxaloacetate to yield aspartate and 2-oxoglutarate, exerting a primary role in amino acid biosynthesis and homeostasis of nitrogen (N) and carbon metabolism within all cellular organisms. While progress in biochemical characterization of AspAT has been made for decades, the molecular and physiological characteristics of different members of the AspAT gene family remain poorly known particularly in forest trees. Here, extensive genome-wide survey of AspAT encoding genes was implemented in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray), a model species of woody plants. Thorough inspection of the phylogenies, gene structures, chromosomal distribution, cis-elements, conserved motifs, and subcellular targeting resulted in the identification of 10 AspAT isogenes (PtAspAT1-10) in the Populus genome. RNA-seq along with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation revealed that PtAspATs displayed diverse patterns of tissue-specific expression. Spatiotemporal expressions of homologous AspATs in the poplar hybrid clone ‘Nanlin895’ were further evaluated, showing that gene expressions varied depending on source-sink dynamics. The impact on AspAT transcripts upon N starvation and seasonal senescence showed the upregulation of five AspAT in leaves concurrent with drastic downregulation of six or more AspATs in roots. Additionally, marked reductions of many more AspATs transcripts were observed in roots upon N excess. Accordingly, AspAT activities were significantly suppressed upon N starvation by an in-gel assay, prompting the argument that enzyme activity was a more direct indicator of the growth morphology under a N stress regime. Taken together, the expression profiling and enzyme activities upon stress cues provide a theoretical basis for unraveling the physiological significance of specific gene(s) in regulation of N acquisition and remobilization in woody plants.
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14
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Su T, Han M, Min J, Zhou H, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Fang Y. Functional Characterization of Invertase Inhibitors PtC/VIF1 and 2 Revealed Their Involvements in the Defense Response to Fungal Pathogen in Populus trichocarpa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1654. [PMID: 31969894 PMCID: PMC6960229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, cell wall invertase (CWI) and vacuolar invertase (VI) were considered to be essential coordinators in carbohydrate partitioning, sink strength determination, and stress responses. An increasing body of evidence revealed that the tight regulation of CWI and VI substantially depends on the post-translational mechanisms, which were mediated by small proteinaceous inhibitors (C/VIFs, Inhibitor of β-Fructosidases). As yet, the extensive survey of the molecular basis and biochemical property of C/VIFs remains largely unknown in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray), a model species of woody plants. In the present work, we have initiated a systematic review of the genomic structures, phylogenies, cis-regulatory elements, and conserved motifs as well as the tissue-specific expression, resulting in the identification of 39 genes encoding C/VIF in poplar genome. We characterized two putative invertase inhibitors PtC/VIF1 and 2, showing predominant transcript levels in the roots and highly divergent responses to the selected stress cues including fusarium wilt, drought, ABA, wound, and senescence. In silico prediction of the signal peptide hinted us that they both likely had the apoplastic targets. Based on the experimental visualization via the transient and stable transformation assays, we confirmed that PtC/VIF1 and 2 indeed secreted to the extracellular compartments. Further validation of their recombinant enzymes revealed that they displayed the potent inhibitory affinities on the extracted CWI, supporting the patterns that act as the typical apoplastic invertase inhibitors. To our knowledge, it is the first report on molecular characterization of the functional C/VIF proteins in poplar. Our results indicate that PtC/VIF1 and 2 may exert essential roles in defense- and stress-related responses. Moreover, novel findings of the up- and downregulated C/VIF genes and functional enzyme activities enable us to further unravel the molecular mechanisms in the promotion of woody plant performance and adapted-biotic stress, underlying the homeostatic control of sugar in the apoplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Han, ;
| | - Jie Min
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaiye Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Forest, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- College of Forest, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanming Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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