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Song L, Jiang W, Lin H, Yu J, Liu K, Zheng R. Post-translational modifications in sepsis-induced organ dysfunction: mechanisms and implications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1461051. [PMID: 39234245 PMCID: PMC11371574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1461051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As a grave and highly lethal clinical challenge, sepsis, along with its consequent multiorgan dysfunction, affects millions of people worldwide. Sepsis is a complex syndrome caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to fatal organ dysfunction. An increasing body of evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of sepsis is both intricate and rapid and involves various cellular responses and signal transductions mediated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and functions of PTMs within regulatory networks is imperative for understanding the pathological processes, diagnosis, progression, and treatment of sepsis. In this review, we provide an exhaustive and comprehensive summary of the relationship between PTMs and sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. Furthermore, we explored the potential applications of PTMs in the treatment of sepsis, offering a forward-looking perspective on the understanding of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiangquan Yu
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zheng
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
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2
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Liu K, Yang L, Wang P, Zhu J, Li F, Peng J, Huang K, Liang M. Myricanol attenuates sepsis-induced inflammatory responses by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling and nuclear factor kappa B/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway via upregulating Sirtuin 1. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1887-1901. [PMID: 38526770 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening condition characterized by dysregulated immune responses, remains a significant clinical challenge. Myricanol, a natural compound, plays a variety of roles in regulating lipid metabolism, anti-cancer, anti-neurodegeneration, and it could act as an Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activator. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of myricanol in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis model. In vivo studies revealed that myricanol administration significantly improved the survival rate of LPS-treated mice, effectively mitigating LPS-induced inflammatory responses in lung tissue. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that myricanol treatment inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, attenuated signal pathway activation, and reduced oxidative stress in macrophages. In addition, we demonstrated that myricanol selectively enhances SIRT1 activation in LPS-stimulated macrophages, and all of the protective effect of myricanol were reversed through SIRT1 silencing. Remarkably, the beneficial effects of myricanol against LPS-induced sepsis were abolished in SIRT1 myeloid-specific knockout mice, underpinning the critical role of SIRT1 in mediating myricanol's therapeutic efficacy. In summary, this study provides significant evidence that myricanol acts as a potent SIRT1 activator, targeting inflammatory signal pathways and oxidative stress to suppress excessive inflammatory responses. Our findings highlight the potential of myricanol as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of LPS-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Liu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liuye Yang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingbo Zhu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengcen Li
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangtong Peng
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Wuhan, China.
| | - Minglu Liang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Zhu W, Ou Y, Wang C, An R, Lai J, Shen Y, Ye X, Wang H. A neutrophil elastase inhibitor, sivelestat, attenuates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting oxidative stress. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29366. [PMID: 38638960 PMCID: PMC11024609 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sivelestat, a selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (NE), can mitigate sepsis-related acute lung injury. However, the role of sivelestat in inhibiting oxidative stress and attenuating sepsis-related acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. Here, we reported the effects of sivelestat against oxidative stress-induced AKI by suppressing the production of oxidative stress indicators. Materials and methods A male Sprague-Dawley rat model of sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Sivelestat or normal saline was administered into jugular vein with a sustained-release drug delivery system. Indicators of inflammation and AKI, including white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, C-reactive proteins (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and uric acid (UA), were assessed at 24 h post-sivelestat treatment. Indicators of liver injury, including direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were also assessed at 24 h post-sivelestat treatment. Indicators of oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), were assessed at 12 h and 24 h post-sivelestat treatment. At 24 h post-sivelestat treatment, H&E staining of kidney and liver tissue was performed to observe pathological alterations. Results At 24 h post normal saline or sivelestat (0.2 g/kg body weight) treatment, WBC, neutrophil, CRP, PCT, MDA, BUN, Cr, UA, AST, ALT, DBIL and IBIL were increased, while SOD and GSH-Px were decreased, in septic rats treated with normal saline compared with that in non-septic rats treated with normal saline (all p < 0.05). The changes of these indicators were reversed in septic rats treated with sivelestat compared with that in septic rats treated with normal saline (all p < 0.05). Similar results were found regarding the levels of oxidative stress indicators at 12 h post-sivelestat treatment. The degenerative histopathological changes in both kidney and liver tissues were ameliorated upon sivelestat treatment. Conclusions Sivelestat plays a protective role in sepsis-related AKI by inhibiting oxidative stress. Our study reveals a possible therapeutic potential of sivelestat for oxidative stress-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Intensive rehabilitation unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yingwei Ou
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Chunnian Wang
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongcheng An
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Junmei Lai
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Intensive rehabilitation unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Intensive rehabilitation unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xiangming Ye
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Intensive rehabilitation unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Haochu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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Lee JH, Ko YB, Choi YM, Kim J, Cho HD, Choi H, Song HY, Han JM, Cha GH, Lee YH, Kim JM, Kim WS, Byun EB, Yuk JM. CM1, a Chrysin Derivative, Protects from Endotoxin-Induced Lethal Shock by Regulating the Excessive Activation of Inflammatory Responses. Nutrients 2024; 16:641. [PMID: 38474770 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a leading cause of death worldwide, is a harmful inflammatory condition that is primarily caused by an endotoxin released by Gram-negative bacteria. Effective targeted therapeutic strategies for sepsis are lacking. In this study, using an in vitro and in vivo mouse model, we demonstrated that CM1, a derivative of the natural polyphenol chrysin, exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inducing the expression of the ubiquitin-editing protein TNFAIP3 and the NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Interestingly, CM1 attenuated the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced production of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/MAPK and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathways. In addition, CM1 induced the expression of TNFAIP3 and SIRT1 on TLR4-stimulated primary macrophages; however, the anti-inflammatory effect of CM1 was abolished by the siRNA-mediated silencing of TNFAPI3 or by the genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of SIRT1. Importantly, intravenous administration of CM1 resulted in decreased susceptibility to endotoxin-induced sepsis, thereby attenuating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration into the lung compared to control mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that CM1 has therapeutic potential for diverse inflammatory diseases, including sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bok Ko
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Choi
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Doo Cho
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonil Choi
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Yeon Song
- Korea Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Moo Han
- Korea Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang-Ho Cha
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ha Lee
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sik Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Baek Byun
- Korea Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Yuk
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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5
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Labiner HE, Sas KM, Baur JA, Sims CA. Sirt3 Deletion Increases Inflammation and Mortality in Polymicrobial Sepsis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2023; 24:788-796. [PMID: 38015645 PMCID: PMC10659016 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase that confers resilience to cellular stress by promoting mitochondrial activity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major driver of inflammation during sepsis. We hypothesize that Sirt3 expression improves survival in polymicrobial sepsis by mitigating the inflammatory response. Materials and Methods: Sirt3 knockout (S3KO) and wild-type (WT) mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. mRNA expression was quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and protein expression was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spectrophotometric assays were used to quantify serum markers of organ dysfunction. For in vitro studies, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were harvested from S3KO and WT mice and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results: After CLP, hepatic Sirt3 levels decreased from baseline by nine hours and remained depressed at 24 hours. Peak serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein levels were higher in S3KO mice. In LPS-treated BMDMs, IL-6 mRNA levels peaked earlier in S3KO cells, although peak levels were comparable to WT. Although S3KO mice had decreased median survival after CLP compared with WT, there was no difference in five-day survival or organ dysfunction. Conclusions: Although S3KO mice initially had increased inflammation and mortality, this difference abated with time, and overall survival was comparable between the groups. This pattern is consistent with the timeline of sepsis-induced Sirt3 downregulation in WT mice, and suggests that Sirt3 downregulation occurring in sepsis is at least partially responsible for the initial hyperinflammatory response and subsequent mortality. Our data support upregulation of Sirt3 as a promising therapeutic strategy for further research in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E. Labiner
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Burn at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelli M. Sas
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Burn at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carrie A. Sims
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Burn at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Mozzi A, Oldani M, Forcella ME, Vantaggiato C, Cappelletti G, Pontremoli C, Valenti F, Forni D, Saresella M, Biasin M, Sironi M, Fusi P, Cagliani R. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3c impairs mitochondrial respiratory metabolism, oxidative stress, and autophagic flux. iScience 2023; 26:107118. [PMID: 37361873 PMCID: PMC10265927 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses encode a variable number of accessory proteins that are involved in host-virus interaction, suppression of immune responses, or immune evasion. SARS-CoV-2 encodes at least twelve accessory proteins, whose roles during infection have been studied. Nevertheless, the role of the ORF3c accessory protein, an alternative open reading frame of ORF3a, has remained elusive. Herein, we show that the ORF3c protein has a mitochondrial localization and alters mitochondrial metabolism, inducing a shift from glucose to fatty acids oxidation and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation. These effects result in increased ROS production and block of the autophagic flux. In particular, ORF3c affects lysosomal acidification, blocking the normal autophagic degradation process and leading to autolysosome accumulation. We also observed different effect on autophagy for SARS-CoV-2 and batCoV RaTG13 ORF3c proteins; the 36R and 40K sites are necessary and sufficient to determine these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mozzi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
| | - Monica Oldani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Matilde E Forcella
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Chiara Vantaggiato
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
| | - Gioia Cappelletti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, 20157, Italy
| | - Chiara Pontremoli
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
| | - Francesca Valenti
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
| | - Diego Forni
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
| | - Marina Saresella
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Milan, 20148, Italy
| | - Mara Biasin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, 20157, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
| | - Paola Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
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7
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Jia Y, Shen K, Liu J, Li Y, Bai X, Yang Y, He T, Zhang Y, Tong L, Gao X, Zhang Z, Guan H, Hu D. The deacetylation of Akt by SIRT1 inhibits inflammation in macrophages and protects against sepsis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:922-935. [PMID: 37211747 PMCID: PMC10525408 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231165707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by uncontrolled inflammatory response and altered polarization of macrophages at the early phase. Akt is known to drive macrophage inflammatory response. However, how macrophage inflammatory response is fine-tuned by Akt is poorly understood. Here, we found that Lys14 and Lys20 of Akt is deacetylated by the histone deacetylase SIRT1 during macrophage activation to suppress macrophages inflammatory response. Mechanistically, SIRT1 promotes Akt deacetylation to inhibit the activation of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Loss of SIRT1 facilitates Akt acetylation and thus promotes inflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages, potentially worsen the progression of sepsis in mice. By contrast, the upregulation of SIRT1 in macrophages further contributes to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines via Akt activation in sepsis. Taken together, our findings establish Akt deacetylation as an essential negative regulatory mechanism that curtails M1 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xiaozhi Bai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yunshu Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xiaowen Gao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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8
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Dong X, Tu H, Qin S, Bai X, Yang F, Li Z. Insights into the Roles of B Cells in Patients with Sepsis. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:7408967. [PMID: 37128298 PMCID: PMC10148744 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7408967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening yet common disease, still posing high mortality worldwide. Sepsis-related deaths primarily occur during immunosuppression; the disease can hamper the numbers and function of B cells, which mediate innate and adaptive immune responses to maintain immune homeostasis. Dysfunction of B cells, along with aggravated immunosuppression, are closely related to poor prognosis. However, B cells in patients with sepsis have garnered little attention. This article focuses on the significance of B-cell subsets, including regulatory B cells, in sepsis and how the counts and function of circulating B cells are affected in patients with sepsis. Finally, potential B-cell-related immunotherapies for sepsis are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijie Dong
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Tu
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjun Bai
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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9
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Labiner HE, Sas KM, Baur JA, Sims CA. Sirtuin 1 deletion increases inflammation and mortality in sepsis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 93:672-678. [PMID: 35857031 PMCID: PMC10673225 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a hyperinflammatory response to infection that can lead to multiorgan failure and eventually death. Often, the onset of multiorgan failure is heralded by renal dysfunction. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) promotes cellular stress resilience by inhibiting inflammation and promoting mitochondrial function. We hypothesize that SIRT1 plays an important role in limiting the inflammatory responses that drive organ failure in sepsis, predominantly via expression in myeloid cells. METHODS We performed cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) on whole body SIRT1 knockout (S1KO) and myeloid cell-specific S1KO (S1KO-LysMCre) mice on a C57BL/6J background. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Renal mitochondrial complex activity was measured using Oxygraph-2k (Oroboros Instruments, Innsbruck, Austria). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was measured from serum. Survival was monitored for up to 5 days. RESULTS Following CLP, S1KO mice had decreased renal mitochondrial complex I-dependent respiratory capacity (241.7 vs. 418.3 mmolO2/mg/min, p = 0.018) and renal mitochondrial complex II-dependent respiratory capacity (932.3 vs. 1,178.4, p = 0.027), as well as reduced rates of fatty acid oxidation (187.3 vs. 250.3, p = 0.022). Sirtuin 1 knockout mice also had increased BUN (48.0 mg/dL vs. 16.0 mg/dL, p = 0.049). Interleukin-6 levels were elevated in S1KO mice (96.5 ng/mL vs. 45.6 ng/mL, p = 0.028) and S1KO-LysMCre mice (35.8 ng/mL vs. 24.5 ng/mL, p = 0.033) compared with controls 12 hours after surgery. Five-day survival in S1KO (33.3% vs. 83.3%, p = 0.025) and S1KO-LysMCre (60% vs. 100%, p = 0.049) mice was decreased compared with controls. CONCLUSION Sirtuin 1 deletion increases systemic inflammation in sepsis. Renal mitochondrial dysfunction, kidney injury, and mortality following CLP were all exacerbated by SIRT1 deletion. Similar effects on inflammation and survival were seen following myeloid cell-specific SIRT1 deletion, indicating that SIRT1 activity in myeloid cells may be a significant contributor for the protective effects of SIRT1 in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E. Labiner
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Burn at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Kelli M. Sas
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Burn at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Carrie A. Sims
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Burn at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
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10
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Kim JK, Silwal P, Jo EK. Sirtuin 1 in Host Defense during Infection. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182921. [PMID: 36139497 PMCID: PMC9496836 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are members of the class III histone deacetylase family and epigenetically control multiple target genes to modulate diverse biological responses in cells. Among the SIRTs, SIRT1 is the most well-studied, with a role in the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses following infection. The functions of SIRT1 include orchestrating immune, inflammatory, metabolic, and autophagic responses, all of which are required in establishing and controlling host defenses during infection. In this review, we summarize recent information on the roles of SIRT1 and its regulatory mechanisms during bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. We also discuss several SIRT1 modulators, as potential antimicrobial treatments. Understanding the function of SIRT1 in balancing immune homeostasis will contribute to the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of infection and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence:
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11
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Yu X, Hussein S, Li L, Liu Q, Ban Z, Jiang H. Effect of Dihydroquercetin on Energy Metabolism in LPS-Induced Inflammatory Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6491771. [PMID: 35832840 PMCID: PMC9273438 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6491771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects and alterations of dihydroquercetin on the growth performance, nutriment metabolism, antioxidant and immune function, and energy substrate utilization in lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice. A total of 0, 50, and 200 mg/kg of dihydroquercetin were intragastrically administered once a day for 21 days. After the pretreatment with dihydroquercetin, each group was subjected to a lipopolysaccharide challenge (except for the control group). After lipopolysaccharide injection, food intake, body weight, metabolic indexes of blood and liver nutrients, blood inflammatory factors, and liver oxidative stress indexes were measured at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Indirect calorimetry analysis was performed by respiratory gas analysis for 48 h to calculate the energy substrate metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Urinary nitrogen excretion was measured to evaluate the urinary protein metabolism to calculate the substrate utilization. The results showed that dihydroquercetin pretreatment can significantly increase the weight gain and average food intake and decrease the mortality rate in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation mice. Furthermore, dihydroquercetin pretreatment can alleviate the negative effects of lipopolysaccharides by increasing levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and by decreasing the malondialdehyde and serum inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, nuclear factor κB, and interleukin-6). Dihydroquercetin pretreatment also can relieve nutrient metabolic disorder by increasing blood glucose, serum total protein, and liver glycogen levels and reducing serum and liver triglycerides, serum cholesterol, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and serum urea nitrogen levels. Meanwhile, it increases the relative utilization of carbohydrate, reducing relative utilization of protein and lipid, alleviating the change in energy metabolism pattern from glucose-predominant to lipid-predominant caused by lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In addition, the degree of metabolic pattern transformation depends on the dose of dihydroquercetin supplement. Finally, according to principal component analysis, we found that the inflammation was strongest in the mice at 24 h and was subsequently relieved in the LPS-stimulated group, whereas in the dihydroquercetin-pretreated group, the inflammation was initially relieved. To summarize, dihydroquercetin pretreatment can improve energy metabolism disorder and attenuate the negative effects of lipopolysaccharide challenge in mice from the initial stage of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Province, Changchun, China 130118
| | - Saddam Hussein
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Province, Changchun, China 130118
| | - Lijia Li
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China 1300119
| | - Qingyu Liu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China 1300119
| | - Zhibin Ban
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China 1300119
| | - Hailong Jiang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Province, Changchun, China 130118
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12
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chao Y, Zhang J, Jia Y, Tie J, Hu D. Regulation of SIRT1 and Its Roles in Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831168. [PMID: 35359990 PMCID: PMC8962665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The silent information regulator sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein, a highly conserved NAD+-dependent deacetylase belonging to the sirtuin family, is a post-translational regulator that plays a role in modulating inflammation. SIRT1 affects multiple biological processes by deacetylating a variety of proteins including histones and non-histone proteins. Recent studies have revealed intimate links between SIRT1 and inflammation, while alterations to SIRT1 expression and activity have been linked to inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms that regulate SIRT1 expression, including upstream activators and suppressors that operate on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We also summarize factors that influence SIRT1 activity including the NAD+/NADH ratio, SIRT1 binding partners, and post-translational modifications. Furthermore, we underscore the role of SIRT1 in the development of inflammation by commenting on the proteins that are targeted for deacetylation by SIRT1. Finally, we highlight the potential for SIRT1-based therapeutics for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunwei Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongyi Chao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanhui Jia
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dahai Hu, ; Jun Tie,
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dahai Hu, ; Jun Tie,
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13
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Miao H, Chen S, Ding R. Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanisms of Sepsis Using Proteomics. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733537. [PMID: 34745104 PMCID: PMC8566982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex syndrome promoted by pathogenic and host factors; it is characterized by dysregulated host responses and multiple organ dysfunction, which can lead to death. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Proteomics, as a biotechnology research area in the post-genomic era, paves the way for large-scale protein characterization. With the rapid development of proteomics technology, various approaches can be used to monitor proteome changes and identify differentially expressed proteins in sepsis, which may help to understand the pathophysiological process of sepsis. Although previous reports have summarized proteomics-related data on the diagnosis of sepsis and sepsis-related biomarkers, the present review aims to comprehensively summarize the available literature concerning “sepsis”, “proteomics”, “cecal ligation and puncture”, “lipopolysaccharide”, and “post-translational modifications” in relation to proteomics research to provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Miao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Trauma Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Renyu Ding
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Sirtuins as Metabolic Regulators of Immune Cells Phenotype and Function. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111698. [PMID: 34828304 PMCID: PMC8618532 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond its role on the conversion of nutrients into energy and biomass, cellular metabolism is actively involved in the control of many physiological processes. Among these, it is becoming increasingly evident that specific metabolic pathways are associated with the phenotype of several immune cell types and, importantly, are crucial in controlling their differentiation, proliferation, and effector functions, thus shaping the immune response against pathogens and tumors. In this context, data generated over the last decade have uncovered mammalian sirtuins as important regulators of cellular metabolism, immune cell function, and cancer. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on the roles of this family of protein deacylases on the metabolic control of immune cells and their implications on immune-related diseases and cancer.
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15
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Sirt3 Maintains Microvascular Endothelial Adherens Junction Integrity to Alleviate Sepsis-Induced Lung Inflammation by Modulating the Interaction of VE-Cadherin and β-Catenin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8978795. [PMID: 34630854 PMCID: PMC8500765 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8978795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory injury is a hallmark of sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury (ALI). However, the mechanisms underlying inflammatory injury remain obscure. Here, we developed the novel strategy to suppress lung inflammation through maintaining microvascular endothelial barrier integrity. VE-cadherin is the main adherens junction protein that interacts with β-catenin and forms a complex. We found that lung inflammation was accompanied by decreased VE-cadherin expression and increased β-catenin activity in animal models and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs), illuminating the relationship among VE-cadherin/β-catenin complex, microvascular endothelial barrier integrity, and inflammation. Furthermore, we showed that the VE-cadherin/β-catenin complex dissociated upon lung inflammation, while Sirt3 promoted the stability of such a complex. Sirt3 was decreased during lung inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Sirt3 deficiency not only led to the downregulation of VE-cadherin but also enhanced the transcriptional activity of β-catenin that further increased β-catenin target gene MMP-7 expression, thereby promoting inflammatory factor COX-2 expression. Sirt3 overexpression promoted VE-cadherin expression, inhibited β-catenin transcriptional activity, strengthened the stability of the VE-cadherin/β-catenin complex, and suppressed inflammation in HPMECs. Notably, Sirt3 deficiency significantly damaged microvascular endothelial barrier integrity and intensified lung inflammation in animal model. These results demonstrated the role of Sirt3 in modulating microvascular endothelial barrier integrity to inhibit inflammation. Therefore, strategies that aim at enhancing the stability of endothelial VE-cadherin/β-catenin complex are potentially beneficial for preventing sepsis-induced lung inflammation.
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16
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Na AY, Paudel S, Choi S, Lee JH, Kim MS, Bae JS, Lee S. Global Lysine Acetylome Analysis of LPS-Stimulated HepG2 Cells Identified Hyperacetylation of PKM2 as a Metabolic Regulator in Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8529. [PMID: 34445236 PMCID: PMC8395202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced liver dysfunction (SILD) is a common event and is strongly associated with mortality. Establishing a causative link between protein post-translational modification and diseases is challenging. We studied the relationship among lysine acetylation (Kac), sirtuin (SIRTs), and the factors involved in SILD, which was induced in LPS-stimulated HepG2 cells. Protein hyperacetylation was observed according to SIRTs reduction after LPS treatment for 24 h. We identified 1449 Kac sites based on comparative acetylome analysis and quantified 1086 Kac sites on 410 proteins for acetylation. Interestingly, the upregulated Kac proteins are enriched in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) category. Among the proteins in the glycolysis pathway, hyperacetylation, a key regulator of lactate level in sepsis, was observed at three pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) sites. Hyperacetylation of PKM2 induced an increase in its activity, consequently increasing the lactate concentration. In conclusion, this study is the first to conduct global profiling of Kac, suggesting that the Kac mechanism of PKM2 in glycolysis is associated with sepsis. Moreover, it helps to further understand the systematic information regarding hyperacetylation during the sepsis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Yae Na
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Sanjita Paudel
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Soyoung Choi
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.-S.K.)
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.-S.K.)
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (J.-S.B.)
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17
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Bjerkhaug AU, Granslo HN, Klingenberg C. Metabolic responses in neonatal sepsis-A systematic review of human metabolomic studies. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:2316-2325. [PMID: 33851423 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review human metabolomic studies investigating metabolic responses in septic neonates. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library up to the 1st of January 2021. We included studies that assessed neonatal sepsis and the following outcomes; (1) change in the metabolism compared to healthy neonates and/or (2) metabolomics compared to traditional diagnostic tools of neonatal sepsis. The screened abstracts were independently considered for eligibility by two researchers. PROSPERO ID CRD42020164454. RESULTS The search identified in total 762 articles. Fifteen articles were assessed for eligibility. Four studies were included, with totally 78 neonates. The studies used different diagnostic criteria and had between 1 and 16 sepsis cases. All studies with bacterial sepsis found alterations in the glucose and lactate metabolism, reflecting possible redistribution of glucose consumption from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to the lactate and pentose phosphate pathway. We also found signs of increased oxidative stress and fatty acid oxidation in sepsis cases. CONCLUSION We found signs of metabolomic signatures in neonatal sepsis. This may lead to better understanding of sepsis pathophysiology and detection of new candidate biomarkers. Results should be validated in large-scale multicentre studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline U. Bjerkhaug
- Paediatric Research Group Faculty of Health Sciences UiT‐The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Hildegunn Norbakken Granslo
- Paediatric Research Group Faculty of Health Sciences UiT‐The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescence Medicine University Hospital of North Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Paediatric Research Group Faculty of Health Sciences UiT‐The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescence Medicine University Hospital of North Norway Tromsø Norway
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Mechanisms of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Control in the DNA Damage Response to Oxidative Stress, Epigenetic Regulation, and Persistent Innate Immune Suppression Following Sepsis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071146. [PMID: 34356379 PMCID: PMC8301080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells have evolved extensive signaling mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis. While basal levels of oxidants are critical for normal signaling, a tipping point is reached when the level of oxidant species exceed cellular antioxidant capabilities. Myriad pathological conditions are characterized by elevated oxidative stress, which can cause alterations in cellular operations and damage to cellular components including nucleic acids. Maintenance of nuclear chromatin are critically important for host survival and eukaryotic organisms possess an elaborately orchestrated response to initiate repair of such DNA damage. Recent evidence indicates links between the cellular antioxidant response, the DNA damage response (DDR), and the epigenetic status of the cell under conditions of elevated oxidative stress. In this emerging model, the cellular response to excessive oxidants may include redox sensors that regulate both the DDR and an orchestrated change to the epigenome in a tightly controlled program that both protects and regulates the nuclear genome. Herein we use sepsis as a model of an inflammatory pathophysiological condition that results in elevated oxidative stress, upregulation of the DDR, and epigenetic reprogramming of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to discuss new evidence for interplay between the antioxidant response, the DNA damage response, and epigenetic status.
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Chen L, Qing W, Yi Z, Lin G, Peng Q, Zhou F. NU9056, a KAT 5 Inhibitor, Treatment Alleviates Brain Dysfunction by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation, Affecting Gut Microbiota, and Derived Metabolites in LPS-Treated Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:701760. [PMID: 34327209 PMCID: PMC8313765 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.701760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is complicated, while the efficacy of current treatment technologies is poor. Therefore, the discovery of related targets and the development of new drugs are essential. Methods: A mouse model of SAE was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS treatment of microglia was used to build an in vitro model of inflammation. Nine-day survival rates, behavioral testing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemical (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and ELISA were performed. The expression levels of Occludin, Claudin 5, NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC genes and proteins were detected by RT-qPCR or Western blot. Caspase-1 P10 (Casp-1 P10) protein expression was detected. 16S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) were used to analyze the gut microbiota and metabolism. Flow cytometric experiment and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay were performed. Results: NU9056 improved the survival rate of mice and alleviated LPS-induced cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression in vivo. The tight junctions were thickened via NU9056 treatment. Further, the mRNAs and proteins expression levels of Occludin and Claudin 5 were up-regulated by NU9056. NU9056 increased the expression level of DCX. The expression levels of Iba-1, NLRP3, IL-1β, ASC, and Casp-1 P10 were down-regulated by NU9056. The composition of the gut microbiota changed. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes data predicted that the effects of NU9056 might be related to apoptosis and tight junction pathways. NU9056 up-regulated the concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. NU9056 significantly reduced LPS-induced apoptosis of microglia, the average fluorescence intensity of ROS, and the release of IL-1β and IL-18, while improving cell viability in vitro. Conclusions: NU9056 might effectively alleviate LPS-induced cognitive impairment and emotional disorder in experimental mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. The therapeutic effects may be related to gut microbiota and derived metabolites. NU9056 might be a potential drug of SAE prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxiang Qing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zexiong Yi
- Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoxin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianyi Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Potential Effects of Melatonin and Micronutrients on Mitochondrial Dysfunction during a Cytokine Storm Typical of Oxidative/Inflammatory Diseases. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020030. [PMID: 33919780 PMCID: PMC8167770 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated oxidative stress and hyper-inflammation are essential features of oxidative/inflammatory diseases. Simultaneously, both processes may be the cause or consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, thus establishing a vicious cycle among these three factors. However, several natural substances, including melatonin and micronutrients, may prevent or attenuate mitochondrial damage and may preserve an optimal state of health by managing the general oxidative and inflammatory status. This review aims to describe the crucial role of mitochondria in the development and progression of multiple diseases as well as the close relationship among mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cytokine storm. Likewise, it attempts to summarize the main findings related to the powerful effects of melatonin and some micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), which may be useful (alone or in combination) as therapeutic agents in the treatment of several examples of oxidative/inflammatory pathologies, including sepsis, as well as cardiovascular, renal, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders.
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21
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Jeansonne D, Jeyaseelan S. Role of an anti-aging molecule in a toxic lifestyle: Relevance for alcohol effects on sepsis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:912-915. [PMID: 33650706 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duane Jeansonne
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Al-Yousif N, Rawal S, Jurczak M, Mahmud H, Shah FA. Endogenous Glucose Production in Critical Illness. Nutr Clin Pract 2021; 36:344-359. [PMID: 33682953 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of endogenous glucose production (EGP) by hormonal, neuronal, and metabolic signaling pathways contributes to the maintenance of euglycemia under normal physiologic conditions. EGP is defined by the generation of glucose from substrates through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, usually in fasted states, for local and systemic use. Abnormal increases in EGP are noted in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, and elevated EGP may also impact the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and congestive heart failure. In this narrative review, we performed a literature search in PubMed to identify recently published English language articles characterizing EGP in critical illness. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrates that critical illness can disrupt EGP through multiple mechanisms including increased systemic inflammation, counterregulatory hormone and catecholamine release, alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, insulin resistance, lactic acidosis, and iatrogenic insults such as vasopressors and glucocorticoids administered as part of clinical care. EGP contributes to hyperglycemia in critical illness when abnormally elevated and to hypoglycemia when abnormally depressed, each of which has been independently associated with increased mortality. Increased EGP may also promote protein catabolism that could worsen critical illness myopathy and impede recovery. Better understanding of the mechanisms and factors contributing to dysregulated EGP in critical illness may help in the development of therapeutic strategies that promote euglycemia, reduce intensive care unit-associated catabolism, and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nameer Al-Yousif
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sagar Rawal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hussain Mahmud
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Faraaz Ali Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Liu S, Wang X, She F, Zhang W, Liu H, Zhao X. Effects of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Combined With Interleukin-6 in Predicting 28-Day Mortality in Patients With Sepsis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639735. [PMID: 33796105 PMCID: PMC8007868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) combined with interleukin (IL)-6 on admission day and the 28-day mortality of septic patients. Material and Methods We conducted an observational retrospective study. Patients with presumed sepsis were included. We observed the correlation of studied biomarkers (NLR, IL-6, PCT, and CRP) and the severity scores (APACHE II and SOFA scores) by plotting scatter plots. The relationships of the studied biomarkers and 28-day mortality were evaluated by using Cox regression model, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and reclassification analysis. Results A total of 264 patients diagnosed with sepsis were enrolled. It was revealed that IL-6 had the strongest correlation with both APACHE II and SOFA scores, followed by the NLR and PCT, and there was no obvious correlation between CRP and the illness severity. NLR and IL-6 were independent predictors of the 28-day mortality in septic patients in the Cox regression model [NLR, odds ratio 1.281 (95% CI 1.159-1.414), P < 0.001; IL-6, odds ratio 1.017 (95% CI 1.005-1.028), P=0.004]. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of NLR, IL-6 and NLR plus IL-6 (NLR_IL-6) was 0.776, 0.849, and 0.904, respectively. Conclusion Our study showed that the levels of NLR and IL-6 were significantly higher in the deceased patients with sepsis. NLR and IL-6 appeared to be independent predictors of 28-day mortality in septic patients. Moreover, NLR combined with IL-6 could dramatically enhance the prediction value of 28-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqing Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei She
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gandhirajan A, Roychowdhury S, Kibler C, Bauer SR, Nagy LE, Vachharajani V. Ethanol Exposure Attenuates Immune Response in Sepsis via Sirtuin 2 Expression. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:338-350. [PMID: 33368409 PMCID: PMC7974377 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis and septic shock kill over 270,000 patients per year in the United States. Sepsis transitions from a hyper-inflammatory to a hypo-inflammatory phase. Alcohol dependence is a risk factor for mortality from sepsis. Ethanol (EtOH) exposure impairs pathogen clearance through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) interferes with pathogen clearance in immune cells but its role in the effects of EtOH on sepsis is unknown. We studied the effect of EtOH exposure on hyper- and hypo-inflammation and the role of SIRT2 in mice. METHODS We exposed C57Bl/6 (WT) mice to EtOH via drinking water and used intraperitoneal cecal slurry (CS)-induced sepsis to study: (i) 7-day survival, (ii) leukocyte adhesion (LA) in the mesenteric microcirculation during hyper- and hypo-inflammation, (iii) peritoneal cavity bacterial clearance, and (iv) SIRT2 expression in peritoneal macrophages. Using EtOH-exposed and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 (RAW) cell macrophages for 4 hours or 24 hours, we studied: (i) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and SIRT2 expression, and (ii) the effect of the SIRT2 inhibitor AK-7 on inflammatory response at 24 hours. Lastly, we studied the effect of EtOH on sepsis in whole body Sirt2 knockout (SIRT2KO) mice during hyper- and hypo-inflammation, bacterial clearance, and 7-day survival. RESULTS WT EtOH-sepsis mice showed: (i) Decreased survival, (ii) Muted LA in the microcirculation, (iii) Lower plasma TNF-α and IL-6 expression, (iv) Decreased bacterial clearance, and (v) Increased SIRT2 expression in peritoneal macrophages versus vehicle-sepsis. EtOH-exposed LPS-stimulated RAW cells showed: (i) Muted TNF-α, IL-6, and increased IL-10 expression at 4 hours, (ii) endotoxin tolerance at 24 hours, and (iii) reversal of endotoxin tolerance with the SIRT2 inhibitor AK-7. EtOH-exposed SIRT2KO-sepsis mice showed greater 7-day survival, LA, and bacterial clearance than WT EtOH-sepsis mice. CONCLUSION EtOH exposure decreases survival and reduces the inflammatory response to sepsis via increased SIRT2 expression. SIRT2 is a potential therapeutic target in EtOH with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University
| | | | | | - Laura E. Nagy
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
- Department of Critical Care, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic
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Xu H, Li J, Yu X, Zhang H, Gao H, Wang B, Wang Y. Sirtuin 2 expression levels may predict the progression of sepsis survivors to chronic critical illness. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:150. [PMID: 33569452 PMCID: PMC7867923 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a conserved deacetylase that participates in the regulation of inflammation in sepsis. In this observational prospective study, we investigated the predictive value of the SIRT2 expression level in the development of chronic critical illness (CCI) in patients with sepsis. Methods A total of 128 critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock were enrolled and assigned to the CCI group, rapid recovery (RAP) group, or early death group according to their clinical trajectories. Patients’ demographic and clinical information, as well as laboratory data, including C-reactive protein (CRP) level and total lymphocyte counts, were collected. Blood samples were obtained at admission and on days 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 (days 14 and 21 for the CCI group only). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and SIRT2 expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Our cohort included 37 CCI and 82 RAP patients, and 9 early death patients, who died within 14 days of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Compared with the RAP group, CCI patients showed elevated CRP and IL-6 levels throughout the observation period, reflecting a sustained inflammatory response. However, decreases in total lymphocyte count and IL-10 expression in these patients were indicative of immunosuppression. SIRT2 mRNA level was lower in CCI and RAP patients compared with healthy controls at the initial stage of hospitalization, but increased starting on day 4 and continued to increase for the duration of hospitalization. By day 10, SIRT2 expression had almost returned to normal in RAP patients; however, in CCI patients, it continued to increase until the end of the observation period. A receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the expression level of SIRT2 at 10 days predicts the occurrence of CCI (P<0.05). Conclusions SIRT2 expression may be a useful marker for identifying sepsis survivors who are at risk of progressing to CCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huihong Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Cheng X, Zhang S, Wen Y, Shi Z. Clinical significance of sirtuin 1 level in sepsis: correlation with disease risk, severity, and mortality risk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 54:e10271. [PMID: 33263643 PMCID: PMC7695447 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the value of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in differentiating sepsis patients from healthy controls (HCs), and its correlation with inflammation, disease severity, as well as prognosis in sepsis patients. Serum samples were collected from 180 sepsis patients and 180 age- and gender-matched HCs. The SIRT1 level in the serum samples was detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay. The clinical data of the sepsis patients were documented, and their disease severity scores and 28-day mortality rate were assessed. SIRT1 was decreased in sepsis patients compared with HCs, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that SIRT1 distinguished sepsis patients from HCs (area under the curve (AUC): 0.901; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.868-0.934). In sepsis patients, SIRT1 negatively correlated with serum creatinine (Scr), white blood cells (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), acute physiology, and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, while it positively correlated with albumin. No correlation of SIRT1 with primary infection site or primary organism was observed. Furthermore, SIRT1 was reduced in 28-day non-survivors compared with 28-day survivors, and subsequent ROC showed that SIRT1 predicted 28-day mortality of sepsis patients (AUC: 0.725; 95% CI: 0.651-0.800), and its prognostic value was not inferior to Scr, albumin, WBC, and CRP, but was less than SOFA score and APACHE II score. In conclusion, measurement of serum SIRT1 might assist with the optimization of disease assessment, management strategies, and survival surveillance in sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Department of Gynaecology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Senbing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ye Wen
- Emergency Department, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhihua Shi
- Hand and Foot Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Shenoy S. Coronavirus (Covid-19) sepsis: revisiting mitochondrial dysfunction in pathogenesis, aging, inflammation, and mortality. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:1077-1085. [PMID: 32767095 PMCID: PMC7410962 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decline in mitochondrial function occurs with aging and may increase mortality. We discuss mitochondrial contribution to Covid-19 sepsis, specifically the complex interaction of innate immune function, viral replication, hyper-inflammatory state, and HIF-α/Sirtuin pathways. METHODS Articles from PubMed/Medline searches were reviewed using the combination of terms "SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, sepsis, mitochondria, aging, and immunometabolism". RESULTS Evidence indicates that mitochondria in senescent cells may be dysfunctional and unable to keep up with hypermetabolic demands associated with Covid-19 sepsis. Mitochondrial proteins may serve as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) activating innate immunity. Disruption in normal oxidative phosphorylation pathways contributes to elevated ROS which activates sepsis cascade through HIF-α/Sirtuin pathway. Viral-mitochondrial interaction may be necessary for replication and increased viral load. Hypoxia and hyper-inflammatory state contribute to increased mortality associated with Covid-19 sepsis. CONCLUSIONS Aging is associated with worse outcomes in sepsis. Modulating Sirtuin activity is emerging as therapeutic agent in sepsis. HIF-α, levels of mitochondrial DNA, and other mitochondrial DAMP molecules may also serve as useful biomarker and need to be investigated. These mechanisms should be explored specifically for Covid-19-related sepsis. Understanding newly discovered regulatory mechanisms may lead to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Shenoy
- Department of Surgery, Kansas City VA Medical Center, University of Missouri Kansas City, 4801 E Linwood Blvd, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
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28
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Sun H, Wang J, Guo L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Quan M, Li B. The combined treatment of NAD + and atorvastatin ameliorates the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 350:577429. [PMID: 33176238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and degenerating disorder of the central nervous system impacting many patients worldwide. Due to the complex pathogenesis of MS, drugs to treat MS often show partial effectiveness. Earlier experiments have demonstrated that both atorvastatin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is known as a classical model of MS, via different protective mechanisms. Since combination therapy can exhibit more beneficial effects than monotherapy, we observed the protective effects of combined treatment of atorvastatin and NAD+ in EAE mice. Our results showed that the combined treatment of these two drugs at half of their optimal dosages had synergistic effect to alleviate the severity of EAE in mice than treatment with each alone. The combined treatment of EAE mice with atorvastatin plus NAD+ relieved the clinical signs and histologic changes, increased the proportion of Treg cells, attenuated IL-17 production, reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion of Th17 cells, and increased cytokine secretion of Treg cells. In addition, the combined treatment also diminished phosphorylation of both P38 MAPK and ERK, while elevated SIRT1 expression. Taken together, these data suggested that combined treatment with NAD+ and atorvastatin could attenuate the progression of EAE by synergistic immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jueqiong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Moyuan Quan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China.
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Shao Y, Zhao T, Zhang W, He J, Lu F, Cai Y, Lai Z, Wei N, Liang C, Liu L, Hong Y, Cheng X, Li J, Tang P, Fan W, Ou M, Yang J, Liu Y, Cui L. Presence of the apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele is associated with an increased risk of sepsis progression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15735. [PMID: 32978453 PMCID: PMC7519096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are related to increase the risk of many inflammatory-related diseases. However, few genetic studies have associated the APOE gene polymorphism with sepsis. This study was to investigate the clinical relevance of the APOE gene polymorphism in the onset and progression of sepsis. A multicenter case–control association study with a large sample size (601 septic patients and 699 healthy individuals) was conducted. Clinical data showed that the APOEε4 allele was overrepresented among all patients with septic shock (p = 0.031) compared with sepsis subtype, suggesting that APOEε4 allele may associated with increased susceptibility to the progression of sepsis. Moreover, the APOE mRNA levels decreased after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in cells in culture. Then 21 healthy individuals to extract PBMC for genotype grouping (APOE4+ group 8; APOE4− group 13) was selected to evaluate the effect on APOE level, and results showed that the expression level of APOE in APOE4+ group and APOE4− group did not differ in mRNA levels after an LPS challenge, but the protein levels in APOE4+ group decreased slower than that in APOE4− group, and this process was accompanied by the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. These results provide evidence that the APOEε4 allele might be associated with the development of sepsis and a potential risk factor that can be used in the prognosis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Shao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.,The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.,Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Organ Injury and Protection and Translational Medicine, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Junbing He
- The Intensive Care Unit, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Jieyang, 52200, China
| | - Furong Lu
- The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.,The Intensive Care Unit, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Jieyang, 52200, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Zhipeng Lai
- The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Ning Wei
- The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Yuan Hong
- The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Jia Li
- The Intensive Care Unit ,The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Pei Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Weihao Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Mingqian Ou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Jingqi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Yansong Liu
- The Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.
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Liu X, Wu J, Wang N, Xia L, Fan S, Lu Y, Chen X, Shang S, Yang Y, Huang Q, Chen Q, Zhou H, Zheng J. Artesunate reverses LPS tolerance by promoting ULK1-mediated autophagy through interference with the CaMKII-IP3R-CaMKKβ pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106863. [PMID: 32759048 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The progress of sepsis is increasingly recognized by the transition from early hyperinflammation to long term immunosuppression, which is characterized in innate immune cells by diminished responsiveness termed as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance. In this study, we investigated the ability of the antimalarial drug artesunate to reverse LPS tolerance and explored the underlying mechanisms. Initially, we detected a dramatic decline in autophagy accompanied by decreased cytokine production and impaired bacterial clearance by LPS tolerant macrophages. Then we demonstrated that artesunate restored cytokine production and enhanced bacterial clearance by inducing autophagy. Moreover, artesunate caused greater suppression of inhibitory phosphorylation than of activating phosphorylation of Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), a kinase that is essential for initiating autophagy through the inhibition of excessive AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This effect was shown to be achieved by suppression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation, resulting in reduction of the inositol 1,4,5-triphate receptor (IP3R) dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inhibiting the overactive CaMKKβ-AMPK cascade. Administration of artesunate also upregulated autophagy and reversed the tolerant status in LPS tolerant mice. In summary, our findings reveal a novel immunopharmacological action of artesunate to reverse LPS tolerance by restoring autophagy. Our results may also indicate the significance of autophagy induction for treating immunosuppression in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China; NCO School, Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050081, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- West China Biopharm Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lin Xia
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Shijun Fan
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yongling Lu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Shenglan Shang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yongjun Yang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Qianying Huang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China.
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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Bhaskar A, Kumar S, Khan MZ, Singh A, Dwivedi VP, Nandicoori VK. Host sirtuin 2 as an immunotherapeutic target against tuberculosis. eLife 2020; 9:55415. [PMID: 32697192 PMCID: PMC7398663 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs plethora of mechanisms to hijack the host defence machinery for its successful survival, proliferation and persistence. Here, we show that Mtb upregulates one of the key epigenetic modulators, NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), which upon infection translocate to the nucleus and deacetylates histone H3K18, thus modulating the host transcriptome leading to enhanced macrophage activation. Furthermore, in Mtb specific T cells, SIRT2 deacetylates NFκB-p65 at K310 to modulate T helper cell differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of SIRT2 restricts the intracellular growth of both drug-sensitive and resistant strains of Mtb and enhances the efficacy of front line anti-TB drug Isoniazid in the murine model of infection. SIRT2 inhibitor-treated mice display reduced bacillary load, decreased disease pathology and increased Mtb-specific protective immune responses. Overall, this study provides a link between Mtb infection, epigenetics and host immune response, which can be exploited to achieve therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhaskar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory 1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehak Zahoor Khan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory 1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Nandicoori
- Signal Transduction Laboratory 1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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32
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Dong X, Liu Q, Zheng Q, Liu X, Wang Y, Xie Z, Liu T, Yang F, Gao W, Bai X, Li Z. Alterations of B Cells in Immunosuppressive Phase of Septic Shock Patients*. Crit Care Med 2020; 48:815-821. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Histone Deacetylation Inhibitors as Modulators of Regulatory T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072356. [PMID: 32235291 PMCID: PMC7177531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important mediators of immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis. Being cluster of differentiation 4+Forkhead box protein3+ (CD4+FOXP3+), these cells are a subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes and can originate from the thymus (tTregs) or from the periphery (pTregs). The malfunction of CD4+ Tregs is associated with autoimmune responses such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and transplant rejection. Recent evidence supports an opposed role in sepsis. Therefore, maintaining functional Tregs is considered as a therapy regimen to prevent autoimmunity and allograft rejection, whereas blocking Treg differentiation might be favorable in sepsis patients. It has been shown that Tregs can be generated from conventional naïve T cells, called iTregs, due to their induced differentiation. Moreover, Tregs can be effectively expanded in vitro based on blood-derived tTregs. Taking into consideration that the suppressive role of Tregs has been mainly attributed to the expression and function of the transcription factor Foxp3, modulating its expression and binding to the promoter regions of target genes by altering the chromatin histone acetylation state may turn out beneficial. Hence, we discuss the role of histone deacetylation inhibitors as epigenetic modulators of Tregs in this review in detail.
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Patricio P, Paiva JA, Borrego LM. Immune Response in Bacterial and Candida Sepsis. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2019; 9:105-113. [PMID: 31934361 PMCID: PMC6945997 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2019.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis leads to a systemic immune response, and despite the progress of modern medicine, it is still responsible for a high mortality rate. The immune response to sepsis is dependent on the innate and adaptive immune systems. The first line is the innate system, which requires complex and multiple pathways in order to eliminate the invading threats. The adaptive responses start after the innate response. The cell-mediated arm of CD4+ and CD8+ T and B cells is the main responsible for this response. A coordinated cytokine response is essential for the host immune response. A dysregulated response can lead to a hyperinflammatory condition (cytokine storm). This hyperinflammation leads to neutrophils activation and may also lead to organ dysfunction. An imbalance of this response can increase the anti-inflammatory response, leading to compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS), persistent inflammation-immunsupression, catabolism syndrome (PICS), and, above all, an immune paralysis stat. This immune paralysis leads to opportunistic infections, Candida species being one of the emerging microorganisms involved. The host immune response is different for bacterial or Candida sepsis. Immune responses for bacterial and Candida sepsis are described in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Patricio
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine – Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, CEDOC, Nova Medical School, Portugal
| | - José Artur Paiva
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine - Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Grupo de Infeção e Sépsis, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Borrego
- Immunology Department, Nova Medical School and Immunoallergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Portugal
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35
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Koutroulis I, Batabyal R, McNamara B, Ledda M, Hoptay C, Freishtat RJ. Sepsis Immunometabolism: From Defining Sepsis to Understanding How Energy Production Affects Immune Response. Crit Care Explor 2019; 1:e0061. [PMID: 32166242 PMCID: PMC7063962 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review will examine current definitions and trends in sepsis management as well pathophysiologic mechanisms in animal and ex vivo studies that correlate decreased energy production with deranged inflammatory response during the septic process. DATA SOURCES The latest articles in the literature that focus on the role of immunometabolism and associated mechanisms in sepsis were selected. STUDY SELECTION The most relevant, original articles were included in the review. DATA EXTRACTION All pertinent data for sepsis definitions as well as changes in immunometabolic pathways during the septic process was reviewed and assessed for inclusion in this article. DATA SYNTHESIS Sepsis is a major cause of multiple organ dysfunction. It is the principal cause of death resulting from infection and one of the most expensive conditions treated in the United States. Despite current efforts to accurately define sepsis, novel treatments and highly trained providers, mortality rates for sepsis remain high, prompting a need for further investigation of underlying immunometabolic mechanisms to identify potential treatment targets. The definition of sepsis has shifted and changed in the past few decades due to poorly defined criteria, as well as unclear guidelines for providers with regards to management of severe sepsis and septic shock. The early identification of patients with a systemic inflammatory response that will progress to septic shock is critical since recent traditional therapeutic approaches, such as early goal-directed therapy, IV immunoglobulin, and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibodies have failed. CONCLUSIONS There are no effective anti-sepsis drug therapies due to complex inflammatory and metabolic interactions. Further studies regarding the interface between innate immunity and metabolism should be investigated to effectively address septic patient mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Koutroulis
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Rachael Batabyal
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Brittany McNamara
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Matthew Ledda
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Claire Hoptay
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Robert J Freishtat
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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36
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Audrito V, Managò A, Gaudino F, Sorci L, Messana VG, Raffaelli N, Deaglio S. NAD-Biosynthetic and Consuming Enzymes as Central Players of Metabolic Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1720. [PMID: 31402913 PMCID: PMC6671870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells, particularly in solid tumors, are surrounded by non-neoplastic elements, including endothelial and stromal cells, as well as cells of immune origin, which can support tumor growth by providing the right conditions. On the other hand, local hypoxia, and lack of nutrients induce tumor cells to reprogram their metabolism in order to survive, proliferate, and disseminate: the same conditions are also responsible for building a tumor-suppressive microenvironment. In addition to tumor cells, it is now well-recognized that metabolic rewiring occurs in all cellular components of the tumor microenvironment, affecting epigenetic regulation of gene expression and influencing differentiation/proliferation decisions of these cells. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential co-factor for energy transduction in metabolic processes. It is also a key component of signaling pathways, through the regulation of NAD-consuming enzymes, including sirtuins and PARPs, which can affect DNA plasticity and accessibility. In addition, both NAD-biosynthetic and NAD-consuming enzymes can be present in the extracellular environment, adding a new layer of complexity to the system. In this review we will discuss the role of the “NADome” in the metabolic cross-talk between cancer and infiltrating immune cells, contributing to cancer growth and immune evasion, with an eye to therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Audrito
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Managò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Gaudino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sorci
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gianluca Messana
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
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37
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Peng K, Zhang GL, Yu T, Cao Y, Yu YS, Chen H, Lei CZ, Lan XY, Zhao YM. Detection of InDel variations within seven candidate genes and their associations with phenotypic traits in three cattle breeds. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 31:463-471. [PMID: 31159648 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1620258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Xinjiang brown cattle, Red steppe cattle, and Yunling cattle are indigenous cultivated cattle breeds in Chinese frontier provinces, and they produce high-grade beef and milk products, however, their genetic diversity in many important genes related to excellent meat and milk production is still unknown. Our previous studies have found that several candidate genes (e.g., SREBP1c and PAX7) were associated with bovine economically important phenotypic traits, but none has been reported in the above-mentioned three cattle breeds. Since the InDel (insertion/deletion) marker becomes a useful tool applied in the animal molecular breeding, herein, we firstly found that the InDel variations of seven candidate genes in these cattle. Results showed that the genotypic and allelic distributions of these seven genes were remarkably different among these three cattle (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Furthermore, the InDel variations of SREBP1c and PAX7 genes were significantly associated with eight phenotypic traits in Xinjiang brown cattle (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), respectively, suggesting that they can become the useful DNA markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Liang Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Sheng Yu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Chu-Zhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Yong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Min Zhao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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