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Solomay TV, Semenenko TA, Akimkin VG. Characteristics of self-regulation of the epidemic process of infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (Herpesviridae: Lymphocryptovirus, HHV-4). Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:343-354. [PMID: 38156591 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the available scientific literature, there are no publications addressing processes of self-regulation in the parasite-host population systems with reference to chronic infections, including the infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV infection). The aim of the study is to assess manifestations of the epidemic process of chronic EBV infection through the lens of the basic tenets of the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed using data from scientific publications selected from such database sources as Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CyberLeninka, RSCI, etc. The list of analyzed publications included published articles of the authors of this study, reporting the results of the retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of infectious mononucleosis in Russia in general and in Moscow in particular, as well as the results of the laboratory tests regarding the detection frequency of specific antibodies to EBV proteins. RESULTS The chronic course of EBV infection promotes a close long-term interaction between the pathogen and the host. The genetic variability of the pathogen and the functions of specific and nonspecific human immune defense systems play a key role in the interaction between two heterogeneous populations and underlie their phasal self-transformation. A variety of social and natural factors (adverse chemical, physical, biological, climatic impacts, etc.) trigger the reactivation of chronic EBV infection, thus providing the continuous existence of additional sources of infection in the host population. CONCLUSION The analysis of the manifestations of chronic EBV infection in the context of the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems promotes the understanding of the factors underlying the unevenness of its epidemic process. The obtained data can be adjusted for other infections having similar transmission mechanisms and virus life cycles (including other herpes infections) to map out strategies to control the epidemic process of chronic infections spread by aerosol transmission of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Solomay
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor
- I.I. Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - T A Semenenko
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamalei of the Ministry of Health of Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
| | - V G Akimkin
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor
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Pavletić B, Runzheimer K, Siems K, Koch S, Cortesão M, Ramos-Nascimento A, Moeller R. Spaceflight Virology: What Do We Know about Viral Threats in the Spaceflight Environment? ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:210-224. [PMID: 34981957 PMCID: PMC8861927 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Viruses constitute a significant part of the human microbiome, so wherever humans go, viruses are brought with them, even on space missions. In this mini review, we focus on the International Space Station (ISS) as the only current human habitat in space that has a diverse range of viral genera that infect microorganisms from bacteria to eukaryotes. Thus, we have reviewed the literature on the physical conditions of space habitats that have an impact on both virus transmissibility and interaction with their host, which include UV radiation, ionizing radiation, humidity, and microgravity. Also, we briefly comment on the practices used on space missions that reduce virus spread, that is, use of antimicrobial surfaces, spacecraft sterilization practices, and air filtration. Finally, we turn our attention to the health threats that viruses pose to space travel. Overall, even though efforts are taken to ensure safe conditions during human space travel, for example, preflight quarantines of astronauts, we reflect on the potential risks humans might be exposed to and how those risks might be aggravated in extraterrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pavletić
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Katharina Runzheimer
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Katharina Siems
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Stella Koch
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Marta Cortesão
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Ana Ramos-Nascimento
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Ralf Moeller
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
- Address correspondence to: Ralf Moeller, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology, Linder Hoehe, Building 24, Room 104, D-51147 Köln, Germany
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Bisserier M, Saffran N, Brojakowska A, Sebastian A, Evans AC, Coleman MA, Walsh K, Mills PJ, Garikipati VNS, Arakelyan A, Hadri L, Goukassian DA. Emerging Role of Exosomal Long Non-coding RNAs in Spaceflight-Associated Risks in Astronauts. Front Genet 2022; 12:812188. [PMID: 35111205 PMCID: PMC8803151 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.812188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During spaceflight, astronauts are exposed to multiple unique environmental factors, particularly microgravity and ionizing radiation, that can cause a range of harmful health consequences. Over the past decades, increasing evidence demonstrates that the space environment can induce changes in gene expression and RNA processing. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) represent an emerging area of focus in molecular biology as they modulate chromatin structure and function, the transcription of neighboring genes, and affect RNA splicing, stability, and translation. They have been implicated in cancer development and associated with diverse cardiovascular conditions and associated risk factors. However, their role on astronauts' health after spaceflight remains poorly understood. In this perspective article, we provide new insights into the potential role of exosomal lncRNA after spaceflight. We analyzed the transcriptional profile of exosomes isolated from peripheral blood plasma of three astronauts who flew on various Shuttle missions between 1998-2001 by RNA-sequencing. Computational analysis of the transcriptome of these exosomes identified 27 differentially expressed lncRNAs with a Log2 fold change, with molecular, cellular, and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nathaniel Saffran
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Agnieszka Brojakowska
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aimy Sebastian
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Angela Clare Evans
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Paul J. Mills
- Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- Bioinformatics Group, The Institute of Molecular Biology, The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - David A. Goukassian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Yakovleva MA, Feldman TB, Lyakhova KN, Utina DM, Kolesnikova IA, Vinogradova YV, Molokanov AG, Ostrovsky MA. Ionized Radiation-Mediated Retinoid Oxidation in the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium of the Murine Eye. Radiat Res 2021; 197:270-279. [PMID: 34879150 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00069.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of proton and gamma-ray ionizing radiation on the mouse eye. The aim of this work was to analyze radiation-mediated retinoid oxidation in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The findings from this analysis can be used to develop a noninvasive method for rapid assessment of the effects of ionizing radiation. Comparative fluorescence and chromatographic analyses of retinoids before and after irradiations were performed. The fluorescent properties of chloroform extracts from irradiated mouse retina and RPE exhibited an increase in fluorescence intensity in the short-wave region of the spectrum (λ < 550 nm). This change is due to increased retinal and RPE retinoid oxidation and degradation products after radiation exposure. Comparative analyses of radiation effects demonstrated that the effect of proton exposure on the retina and RPE was higher than that of gamma-ray exposure. The present study revealed a new approach to assessing the level of radiation exposure in ocular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Yakovleva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana B Feldman
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina N Lyakhova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Dina M Utina
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Inna A Kolesnikova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Alexander G Molokanov
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Ostrovsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
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Stress-Induced Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091380. [PMID: 34572593 PMCID: PMC8470332 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is typically found in a latent, asymptomatic state in immunocompetent individuals. Perturbations of the host immune system can stimulate viral reactivation. Furthermore, there are a myriad of EBV-associated illnesses including various cancers, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and autoimmune conditions. A thorough understanding of this virus, and the interplay between stress and the immune system, is essential to establish effective treatment. This review will provide a summary of the interaction between both psychological and cellular stressors resulting in EBV reactivation. It will examine mechanisms by which EBV establishes and maintains latency and will conclude with a brief overview of treatments targeting EBV.
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Spatz JM, Fulford MH, Tsai A, Gaudilliere D, Hedou J, Ganio E, Angst M, Aghaeepour N, Gaudilliere B. Human immune system adaptations to simulated microgravity revealed by single-cell mass cytometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11872. [PMID: 34099760 PMCID: PMC8184772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity (µG) during space flights produces a state of immunosuppression, leading to increased viral shedding, which could interfere with long term missions. However, the cellular mechanisms that underlie the immunosuppressive effects of µG are ill-defined. A deep understanding of human immune adaptations to µG is a necessary first step to design data-driven interventions aimed at preserving astronauts' immune defense during short- and long-term spaceflights. We employed a high-dimensional mass cytometry approach to characterize over 250 cell-specific functional responses in 18 innate and adaptive immune cell subsets exposed to 1G or simulated (s)µG using the Rotating Wall Vessel. A statistically stringent elastic net method produced a multivariate model that accurately stratified immune responses observed in 1G and sµG (p value 2E-4, cross-validation). Aspects of our analysis resonated with prior knowledge of human immune adaptations to µG, including the dampening of Natural Killer, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Remarkably, we found that sµG enhanced STAT5 signaling responses of immunosuppressive Tregs. Our results suggest µG exerts a dual effect on the human immune system, simultaneously dampening cytotoxic responses while enhancing Treg function. Our study provides a single-cell readout of sµG-induced immune dysfunctions and an analytical framework for future studies of human immune adaptations to human long-term spaceflights.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Spatz
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism Division, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Hughes Fulford
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism Division, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. Rm S238, Grant Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - D Gaudilliere
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - J Hedou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. Rm S238, Grant Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - E Ganio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. Rm S238, Grant Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - M Angst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. Rm S238, Grant Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - N Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. Rm S238, Grant Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. Rm S238, Grant Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Verma A, Adhikary A, Woloschak G, Dwarakanath BS, Papineni RVL. A combinatorial approach of a polypharmacological adjuvant 2-deoxy-D-glucose with low dose radiation therapy to quell the cytokine storm in COVID-19 management. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1323-1328. [PMID: 32910699 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1818865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pandemic disease and is the major cause of deaths worldwide. The clinical complexities (inflammation, cytokine storm, and multi-organ dysfunction) associated with COVID-19 poses constraints to effective management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Low dose radiation therapy (LDRT) has been evaluated as a potential therapeutic modality for COVID-19 pneumonia. However, due to heterogeneity in disease manifestation and inter-individual variations, effective planning for LDRT is limited for this large-scale event. 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has emerged as a polypharmacological agent for COVID-19 treatment due to its effects on the glycolytic pathway, anti-inflammatory action, and interaction with viral proteins. We suggest that 2-DG will be a potential adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of LDRT in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Withal, azido analog of 2-DG, 2-azido-2-DG can produce rapid catastrophic oxidative stress and quell the cytokine storm in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gayle Woloschak
- Department of Radiobiology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bilikere S Dwarakanath
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rao V L Papineni
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center (Adjunct), and PACT & Health LLC, Branford, CT, USA
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Pandey BN. Low-dose radiation therapy for coronavirus disease-2019 pneumonia: Is it time to look beyond apprehensions? Ann Thorac Med 2020; 15:199-207. [PMID: 33381234 PMCID: PMC7720738 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_433_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become a global health crisis. Mortality associated with COVID-19 is characterized mainly by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, pneumonia, and respiratory failure. The pathogenesis of the disease is known to be associated with pro-inflammatory processes after virus infection. Hence, various therapeutic strategies are being developed to control the inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Recently, low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) has been suggested for the treatment of pneumonia/ADRS in COVID-19 patients through irradiation of lungs by gamma/X-ray. In this direction, a few clinical trials have also been initiated. However, a few recent publications have raised some concerns regarding LDRT, especially about possibilities of activation/aggressiveness of virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in case of COVID-19), lung injury and risk of second cancer after low-dose therapy. The present manuscript is an attempt to analyze these apprehensions based on cited references and other available literature, including some from our laboratory. At this point, LDRT may be not the first line of therapy. However, based on existing anti-inflammatory evidence of LDRT, it needs encouragement as an adjuvant therapy and for more multi-centric clinical trials. In addition, it would be worth combining LDRT with other anti-inflammatory therapies, which would open avenues for multi-modal therapy of pneumonia/ARDS in COVID-19 patients. The mode of irradiation (local lung irradiation or whole-body irradiation) and the window period after infection of the virus, need to be optimized using suitable animal studies for effective clinical outcomes of LDRT. However, considering ample evidence, it is time to look beyond the apprehensions if a low dose of radiation could be exploited for better management of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri Narain Pandey
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Salomaa S, Cardis E, Bouffler SD, Atkinson MJ, Hamada N. Low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia: is there any supportive evidence? Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1224-1227. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1762020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sisko Salomaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- STUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Campus Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, C/Sinesio Delgado, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon D. Bouffler
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Oxon, UK
| | - Michael J. Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz-Center Munich, National Research Centre for Health and Environment, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan
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