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Bozidis P, Markou E, Gouni A, Gartzonika K. Does Phage Therapy Need a Pan-Phage? Pathogens 2024; 13:522. [PMID: 38921819 PMCID: PMC11206709 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is undoubtedly one of the most serious global health threats. One response to this threat that has been gaining momentum over the past decade is 'phage therapy'. According to this, lytic bacteriophages are used for the treatment of bacterial infections, either alone or in combination with antimicrobial agents. However, to ensure the efficacy and broad applicability of phage therapy, several challenges must be overcome. These challenges encompass the development of methods and strategies for the host range manipulation and bypass of the resistance mechanisms developed by pathogenic bacteria, as has been the case since the advent of antibiotics. As our knowledge and understanding of the interactions between phages and their hosts evolves, the key issue is to define the host range for each application. In this article, we discuss the factors that affect host range and how this determines the classification of phages into different categories of action. For each host range group, recent representative examples are provided, together with suggestions on how the different groups can be used to combat certain types of bacterial infections. The available methodologies for host range expansion, either through sequential adaptation to a new pathogen or through genetic engineering techniques, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Bozidis
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Eleftheria Markou
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Athanasia Gouni
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Konstantina Gartzonika
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (A.G.)
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2
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Reuben RC, Torres C. Bacteriocins: potentials and prospects in health and agrifood systems. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:233. [PMID: 38662051 PMCID: PMC11045635 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are highly diverse, abundant, and heterogeneous antimicrobial peptides that are ribosomally synthesized by bacteria and archaea. Since their discovery about a century ago, there has been a growing interest in bacteriocin research and applications. This is mainly due to their high antimicrobial properties, narrow or broad spectrum of activity, specificity, low cytotoxicity, and stability. Though initially used to improve food quality and safety, bacteriocins are now globally exploited for innovative applications in human, animal, and food systems as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriocins have the potential to beneficially modulate microbiota, providing viable microbiome-based solutions for the treatment, management, and non-invasive bio-diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The use of bacteriocins holds great promise in the modulation of food microbiomes, antimicrobial food packaging, bio-sanitizers and antibiofilm, pre/post-harvest biocontrol, functional food, growth promotion, and sustainable aquaculture. This can undoubtedly improve food security, safety, and quality globally. This review highlights the current trends in bacteriocin research, especially the increasing research outputs and funding, which we believe may proportionate the soaring global interest in bacteriocins. The use of cutting-edge technologies, such as bioengineering, can further enhance the exploitation of bacteriocins for innovative applications in human, animal, and food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rine Christopher Reuben
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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3
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Garcia-Morena D, Fernandez-Cantos MV, Escalera SL, Lok J, Iannone V, Cancellieri P, Maathuis W, Panagiotou G, Aranzamendi C, Aidy SE, Kolehmainen M, El-Nezami H, Wellejus A, Kuipers OP. In Vitro Influence of Specific Bacteroidales Strains on Gut and Liver Health Related to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10219-1. [PMID: 38319537 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become a major health risk and a serious worldwide issue. MAFLD typically arises from aberrant lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, subjacent causes are multifactorial. The gut has been proposed as a major factor in health and disease, and over the last decade, bacterial strains with potentially beneficial effects on the host have been identified. In vitro cell models have been commonly used as an early step before in vivo drug assessment and can confer complementary advantages in gut and liver health research. In this study, several selected strains of the order Bacteroidales were used in a three-cell line in vitro analysis (HT-29, Caco-2, and HepG2 cell lines) to investigate their potential as new-generation probiotics and microbiota therapeutics. Antimicrobial activity, a potentially useful trait, was studied, and the results showed that Bacteroidales can be a source of either wide- or narrow-spectrum antimicrobials targeting other closely related strains. Moreover, Bacteroides sp. 4_1_36 induced a significant decrease in gut permeability, as evidenced by the high TEER values in the Caco-2 monolayer assay, as well as a reduction in free fatty acid accumulation and improved fatty acid clearance in a steatosis HepG2 model. These results suggest that Bacteroidales may spearhead the next generation of probiotics to prevent or diminish MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garcia-Morena
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez-Cantos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Lopez Escalera
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, 18K, 07743, Bachstraβe, Germany
| | - Johnson Lok
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Valeria Iannone
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pierluca Cancellieri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Maathuis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Carmen Aranzamendi
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Host-Microbe Metabolic Interactions, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Host-Microbe Metabolic Interactions, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Anja Wellejus
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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4
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Wang S, Mu L, Yu C, He Y, Hu X, Jiao Y, Xu Z, You S, Liu SL, Bao H. Microbial collaborations and conflicts: unraveling interactions in the gut ecosystem. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2296603. [PMID: 38149632 PMCID: PMC10761165 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2296603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota constitutes a vast and complex community of microorganisms. The myriad of microorganisms present in the intestinal tract exhibits highly intricate interactions, which play a crucial role in maintaining the stability and balance of the gut microbial ecosystem. These interactions, in turn, influence the overall health of the host. The mammalian gut microbes have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to suppress or even eliminate their competitors for nutrients and space. Simultaneously, extensive cooperative interactions exist among different microbes to optimize resource utilization and enhance their own fitness. This review will focus on the competitive mechanisms among members of the gut microorganisms and discuss key modes of actions, including bacterial secretion systems, bacteriocins, membrane vesicles (MVs) etc. Additionally, we will summarize the current knowledge of the often-overlooked positive interactions within the gut microbiota, and showcase representative machineries. This information will serve as a reference for better understanding the complex interactions occurring within the mammalian gut environment. Understanding the interaction dynamics of competition and cooperation within the gut microbiota is crucial to unraveling the ecology of the mammalian gut microbial communities. Targeted interventions aimed at modulating these interactions may offer potential therapeutic strategies for disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD) College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingyi Mu
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chong Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD) College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuting He
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD) College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinliang Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD) College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanlei Jiao
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD) College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziqiong Xu
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD) College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shaohui You
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD) College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD) College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxia Bao
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD) College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University-University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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5
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Gu Q, Yan J, Lou Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhu Z, Liu M, Wu D, Liang Y, Pu J, Zhao X, Xiao H, Li P. Bacteriocins: Curial guardians of gastrointestinal tract. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13292. [PMID: 38284593 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome secretes various metabolites that play pivotal roles in maintaining host physiological balance and influencing disease progression. Among these metabolites, bacteriocins-small, heat-stable peptides synthesized by ribosomes-are notably prevalent in the GI region. Their multifaceted benefits have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. This review comprehensively explores the methods for mining bacteriocins (traditional separation and purification, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence), their effects on the stomach and intestines, and their complex bioactive mechanisms. These mechanisms include flora regulation, biological barrier restoration, and intervention in epithelial cell pathways. By detailing each well-documented bacteriocin, we reveal the diverse ways in which bacteriocins interact with the GI environment. Moreover, the future research direction is prospected. By further studying the function and interaction of intestinal bacteriocins, we can discover new pharmacological targets and develop drugs targeting intestinal bacteriocins to regulate and improve human health. It provides innovative ideas and infinite possibilities for further exploration, development, and utilization of bacteriocins. The inevitable fact is that the continuously exploration of bacteriocins is sure to bring the promising future for demic GI health understanding and interference strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Yan
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Lou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglu Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichun Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Danli Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Pu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Ahmed N, Joglekar P, Deming C, Lemon KP, Kong HH, Segre JA, Conlan S. Genomic characterization of the C. tuberculostearicum species complex, a prominent member of the human skin microbiome. mSystems 2023; 8:e0063223. [PMID: 38126779 PMCID: PMC10790575 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00632-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Amplicon sequencing data combined with isolate whole genome sequencing have expanded our understanding of Corynebacterium on the skin. Healthy human skin is colonized by a diverse collection of Corynebacterium species, but Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum predominates on many skin sites. Our work supports the emerging idea that C. tuberculostearicum is a species complex encompassing several distinct species. We produced a collection of genomes that help define this complex, including a potentially new species we term Corynebacterium hallux based on a preference for sites on the feet, whole-genome average nucleotide identity, pangenomic analysis, and growth in skin-like media. This isolate collection and high-quality genome resource set the stage for developing engineered strains for both basic and translational clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Ahmed
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Payal Joglekar
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clayton Deming
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - NISC Comparative Sequencing ProgramBarnabasBeatrice B.BlackSeanBouffardGerard G.BrooksShelise Y.CrawfordJuyunMarfaniHollyDekhtyarLyudmilaHanJoelHoShi-LingLegaspiRichelleMaduroQuino L.MasielloCatherine A.McDowellJennifer C.MontemayorCasandraMullikinJames C.ParkMorganRiebowNancy L.SchandlerKarenSchmidtBrianSisonChristinaStantripopSirintornThomasJames W.ThomasPamela J.VemulapalliMeghanaYoungAlice C.
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine P. Lemon
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heidi H. Kong
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie A. Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean Conlan
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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7
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Ahmed NM, Joglekar P, Deming C, Lemon KP, Kong HH, Segre JA, Conlan S. Genomic characterization of the C. tuberculostearicum species complex, a ubiquitous member of the human skin microbiome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545375. [PMID: 37502876 PMCID: PMC10370181 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium is a predominant genus in the skin microbiome, yet its genetic diversity on skin is incompletely characterized and lacks a comprehensive set of reference genomes. Our work aims to investigate the distribution of Corynebacterium species on the skin, as well as to expand the existing genome reference catalog to enable more complete characterization of skin metagenomes. We used V1-V3 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from 14 body sites of 23 healthy volunteers to characterize Corynebacterium diversity and distribution across healthy human skin. Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum is the predominant species found on human skin and we identified two distinct C. tuberculostearicum ribotypes (A & B) that can be distinguished by variation in the 16S rRNA V1-V3 sequence. One is distributed across all body sites and the other found primarily on the feet. We performed whole genome sequencing of 40 C. tuberculostearicum isolates cultured from the skin of five healthy individuals across seven skin sites. We generated five closed genomes of diverse C. tuberculostearicum which revealed that C. tuberculostearicum isolates are largely syntenic and carry a diversity of methylation patterns, plasmids and CRISPR/Cas systems. The pangenome of C. tuberculostearicum is open with a core genome size of 1806 genes and a pangenome size of 5451 total genes. This expanded pangenome enabled the mapping of 24% more C. tuberculostearicum reads from shotgun metagenomic datasets derived from skin body sites. Finally, while the genomes from this study all fall within a C. tuberculostearicum species complex, the ribotype B isolates may constitute a new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa M. Ahmed
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Payal Joglekar
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clayton Deming
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Katherine P. Lemon
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics & Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Texas Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heidi H. Kong
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia A. Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean Conlan
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Raheel I, Mohammed AN, Mohamed AA. The Efficacy of Bacteriocins Against Biofilm-Producing Bacteria Causing Bovine Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Farms: A New Strategy. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:229. [PMID: 37256384 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using an alternative bio-product is one of the most promising ways to control bovine mastitis and avoid new intra-mammary infections. The aims of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of biofilm-forming bacteria responsible for causing clinical mastitis in dairy herds and to assess the effectiveness of bacteriocins, produced by Bacillus subtilis, in controlling the growth of these bacteria in the milk of animals. A total of 150 milk samples were collected from cows and buffalos suffering from mastitis and the etiological agents were isolated and identified by the VITEK-2-COMPACT-SYSTEM®. Additionally, the capability of the bacterial isolates to produce biofilms was determined. RT-PCR was used to detect enterotoxin-producing genes (sed and seb), resistance genes (mecA and blaZ), and biofilm-associated genes (icaA and fnbA) in the isolated bacteria. The susceptibility patterns of the bacterial isolates to bacteriocins were assessed using an agar well-diffusion assay. S. aureus was significantly more capable of producing biofilms than coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates. S. ubris was the strongest biofilm producer among the Streptococcus species. The sensitivity profiles of the Staphylococcus spp. (S. aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus) and their biofilm producers to bacteriocins were significantly higher (100% and 90%, respectively) at the same concentration. Bacteriocins had a lethal effect on Staphylococci, Streptococci, and biofilm development at a dose of 250 µg/mL. In dairy farms, bacteriocins are a viable alternative treatment for the prevention and control of bovine clinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Raheel
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa N Mohammed
- Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Abdrabo Mohamed
- Veterinarian at the Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt
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9
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Cardoso MH, Meneguetti BT, Oliveira-Júnior NG, Macedo MLR, Franco OL. Antimicrobial peptide production in response to gut microbiota imbalance. Peptides 2022; 157:170865. [PMID: 36038014 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota presents essential functions in the immune response. The gut epithelium acts as a protective barrier and, therefore, can produce several antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that can act against pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria. Several factors cause a disturbance in gut microbiota, including the exacerbated and erroneous use of antibiotics. Antibiotic therapy has been closely related to bacterial resistance and is also correlated with undesired side-effects to the host, including the eradication of commensal bacteria. Consequently, this results in gut microbiota imbalance and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) development. In this context, AMPs in the gut epithelium play a restructuring role for gut microbiota. Some naturally occurring AMPs are selective for pathogenic bacteria, thus preserving the health microbiota. Therefore, AMPs produced by the host's epithelial cells represent effective molecules in treating gut bacterial infections. Bearing this in mind, this review focused on describing the importance of the host's AMPs in gut microbiota modulation and their role as anti-infective agents against pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon H Cardoso
- S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117900, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790160, Brazil; Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, 79070900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz T Meneguetti
- S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117900, Brazil
| | - Nelson G Oliveira-Júnior
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790160, Brazil
| | - Maria L R Macedo
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, 79070900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117900, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790160, Brazil.
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10
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Ranjan A, Arora J, Chauhan A, Basniwal RK, Kumari A, Rajput VD, Prazdnova EV, Ghosh A, Mukerjee N, Mandzhieva SS, Sushkova S, Minkina T, Jindal T. Advances in characterization of probiotics and challenges in industrial application. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-44. [PMID: 36200338 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
An unbalanced diet and poor lifestyle are common reasons for numerous health complications in humans. Probiotics are known to provide substantial benefits to human health by producing several bioactive compounds, vitamins, short-chain fatty acids and short peptides. Diets that contain probiotics are limited to curd, yoghurt, kefir, kimchi, etc. However, exploring the identification of more potential probiotics and enhancing their commercial application to improve the nutritional quality would be a significant step to utilizing the maximum benefits. The complex evolution patterns among the probiotics are the hurdles in their characterization and adequate application in the industries and dairy products. This article has mainly discussed the molecular methods of characterization that are based on the analysis of ribosomal RNA, whole genome, and protein markers and profiles. It also has critically emphasized the emerging challenges in industrial applications of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Jayati Arora
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rupesh Kumar Basniwal
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (M&D), Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Arpna Kumari
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V Prazdnova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saglara S Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tanu Jindal
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, India
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11
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Pu J, Hang S, Liu M, Chen Z, Xiong J, Li Y, Wu H, Zhao X, Liu S, Gu Q, Li P. A Class IIb Bacteriocin Plantaricin NC8 Modulates Gut Microbiota of Different Enterotypes in vitro. Front Nutr 2022; 9:877948. [PMID: 35845772 PMCID: PMC9280423 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.877948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is engaged in multiple interactions affecting host health. Bacteriocins showed the ability of impeding the growth of intestinal pathogenic bacteria and modulating gut microbiota in animals. Few studies have also discovered their regulation on human intestinal flora using an in vitro simulated system. However, little is known about their effect on gut microbiota of different enterotypes of human. This work evaluated the modification of the gut microbiota of two enterotypes (ET B and ET P) by the class IIb bacteriocin plantaricin NC8 (PLNC8) by using an in vitro fermentation model of the intestine. Gas chromatography results revealed that PLNC8 had no influence on the gut microbiota’s production of short-chain fatty acids in the subjects’ samples. PLNC8 lowered the Shannon index of ET B’ gut microbiota and the Simpson index of ET P’ gut microbiota, according to 16S rDNA sequencing. In ET B, PLNC8 enhanced the abundance of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Parabacteroides, and Lactobacillus while decreasing the abundance of Streptococcus. Prevotella_9, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Mitsuokella, and Collinsella were found more abundant in ET P. The current study adds to our understanding of the impact of PLNC8 on the human gut microbiota and lays the groundwork for future research into PLNC8’s effects on human intestinal disease.
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12
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Karaliute I, Ramonaite R, Bernatoniene J, Petrikaite V, Misiunas A, Denkovskiene E, Razanskiene A, Gleba Y, Kupcinskas J, Skieceviciene J. Reduction of gastrointestinal tract colonization by Klebsiella quasipneumoniae using antimicrobial protein KvarIa. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:17. [PMID: 35473598 PMCID: PMC9040220 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella quasipneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing antibiotic-resistant infections of the gastrointestinal tract in many clinical cases. Orally delivered bioactive Klebsiella-specific antimicrobial proteins, klebicins, could be a promising method to eradicate Klebsiella species infecting the gut. Methods Mouse infection model was established based on infection of antibiotic-treated BALB/C mice with K. quasipneumoniae strain DSM28212. Four study groups were used (3 animals/group) to test the antimicrobial efficacy of orally delivered klebicin KvarIa: vehicle-only group (control, phosphate-buffered saline), and other three groups with bacteria, antibiotic therapy and 100 µg of uncoated Kvarla, 100 µg coated KvarIa, 1000 µg coated-KvarIa. Because of the general sensitivity of bacteriocins to gastroduodenal proteases, Kvarla doses were coated with Eudragit®, a GMP-certified formulation agent that releases the protein at certain pH. The coating treatment was selected based on measurements of mouse GI tract pH. The quantity of Klebsiella haemolysin gene (khe) in faecal samples of the study animals was used to quantify the presence of Klebsiella. Results GI colonization of K. quasipneumoniae was achieved only in the antibiotic-treated mice groups. Significant changes in khe marker quantification were found after the use of Eudragit® S100 formulated klebicin KvarIa, at both doses, with a significant reduction of K. quasipneumoniae colonization compared to the vehicle-only control group. Conclusions Mouse GI tract colonization with K. quasipneumoniae can be achieved if natural gut microbiota is suppressed by prior antibiotic treatment. The study demonstrates that GI infection caused by K. quasipneumoniae can be significantly reduced using Eudragit®-protected klebicin KvarIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indre Karaliute
- Institute for Digestive Research, Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus st. 9, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rima Ramonaite
- Institute for Digestive Research, Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus st. 9, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Pr. 13, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50162, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | - Yuri Gleba
- Nomad Bioscience GmbH, Biozentrum Halle, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus st. 9, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Institute for Digestive Research, Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus st. 9, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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13
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Ali MA, Kamal MM, Rahman MH, Siddiqui MN, Haque MA, Saha KK, Rahman MA. Functional dairy products as a source of bioactive peptides and probiotics: current trends and future prospectives. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:1263-1279. [PMID: 35250052 PMCID: PMC8882518 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Milk is an incredibly healthy food world-wide. However, the 'lactase deficient' individuals cannot digest milk's carbohydrate lactose. A large part of the world population is depriving of highly beneficial milk proteins like casein, lactoalbumin, lactoglobulin, etc. due to lactose intolerance. Production of functional foods and bioactive peptides from milk with natural antioxidants and the addition of probiotics could be the best alternative to extend the use of milk functionalities. Among different probiotics, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) like Lactobacillus delbrueckii sub sp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus and some species of Bifidobacteria and their metabolites (paraprobiotics and postbiotics) have been given more preference to add in milk-derived functional foods. These species are generally considered as heat-tolerant, highly proteolytic, and peptidolytic towards milk proteins and they liberate smaller molecules of bioactive peptides during fermentation and other processes that stimulate the enzyme lactase to help people in digestion of milk carbohydrate lactose. Moreover, the incorporation of natural antioxidants in yoghurt and other dairy products prevents the rancidity of milk fat. The level of bioactive peptides produced in milk-derived functional foods can be determined by capillary zone electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, fractionation, and other modern assessment techniques. Commercial production of functional probiotic products with bioactive peptides could significantly contribute to reduce milk spoilage, enhance health benefits as well as the growth of the agro-processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Aslam Ali
- Department of Agro-Processing, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Food Processing and Preservation, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Hafizur Rahman
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Md. Nurealam Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Azizul Haque
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Khokan Kumar Saha
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Atikur Rahman
- Department of Food Processing and Preservation, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200 Bangladesh
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14
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Wang Y, Wei Y, Shang N, Li P. Synergistic Inhibition of Plantaricin E/F and Lactic Acid Against Aeromonas hydrophila LPL-1 Reveals the Novel Potential of Class IIb Bacteriocin. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:774184. [PMID: 35242114 PMCID: PMC8886044 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.774184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plantaricin E/F (PlnEF) is a pair of two-component class IIb bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria. PlnEF commonly displays potent antimicrobial activity against certain Gram-positive organisms. In this study, we investigated the synergistic activity of PlnEF combined with lactic acid against Gram-negative food and aquaculture potential pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila LPL-1, which is naturally resistant to PlnEF. We applied SDS-PAGE, wavelength-scanning, laser confocal microscopy, flow cytometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and two-dimensional electrophoresis to investigate their synergistic inhibitory activities. The results showed that L-lactic acid drove the release of LPS from A. hydrophila, making it possible for PlnEF to contact the inner cell membrane of A. hydrophila. Besides, co-treatment of lactic acid and PlnEF caused severe morphological and intracellular changes of A. hydrophila, including blebs on the cell surface, abnormal cell elongation, inner membrane disruption, pore-forming through the outer and inner membrane, coagulation of the cytoplasm, and structural transformation of DNA. Protein profile analysis revealed that combined treatment of lactic acid and PlnEF inhibited the energy metabolism, protein synthesis, protein folding, and DNA replication in A. hydrophila. These findings proved that PlnEF combined with lactic acid was efficient against A. hydrophila and shed light on bacteriocin’s potential and a new inhibition mechanism against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunlu Wei
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Nan Shang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pinglan Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Antimicrobial Potential of the Genera Geobacillus and Parageobacillus, as Well as Endolysins Biosynthesized by Their Bacteriophages. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020242. [PMID: 35203843 PMCID: PMC8868475 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent decades, antibiotic resistance has emerged and spread rapidly among clinically relevant pathogens. The natural ability of bacteria to transmit resistance determinants through horizontal gene transfer poses constant challenges to drug development. Natural molecules produced by soil microorganisms continue to be a key source of new antimicrobial agents. In this context, bacteria from the Geobacillus and Parageobacillus genera deserve special attention. Although there is commercial and industrial interest in these microorganisms, the full range of antibacterial compounds biosynthesized by the Geobacillus and Parageobacillus species remains largely unexplored. The aim of this review is to present the strong antimicrobial potential of these bacteria and endolysins produced by their bacteriophages.
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16
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Daba GM, Elnahas MO, Elkhateeb WA. Beyond biopreservatives, bacteriocins biotechnological applications: History, current status, and promising potentials. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Darbandi A, Asadi A, Mahdizade Ari M, Ohadi E, Talebi M, Halaj Zadeh M, Darb Emamie A, Ghanavati R, Kakanj M. Bacteriocins: Properties and potential use as antimicrobials. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24093. [PMID: 34851542 PMCID: PMC8761470 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of bacteriocins originate from lactic acid bacteria, which have recently been modified by scientists. Many strains of lactic acid bacteria related to food groups could produce bacteriocins or antibacterial proteins highly effective against foodborne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Clostridium botulinum. A wide range of bacteria belonging primarily to the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus have been characterized with different health‐promoting attributes. Extensive studies and in‐depth understanding of these antimicrobials mechanisms of action could enable scientists to determine their production in specific probiotic lactic acid bacteria, as they are potentially crucial for the final preservation of functional foods or for medicinal applications. In this review study, the structure, classification, mode of operation, safety, and antibacterial properties of bacteriocins as well as their effect on foodborne pathogens and antibiotic‐resistant bacteria were extensively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahdizade Ari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ohadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoume Halaj Zadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Darb Emamie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Kakanj
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&ME, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Reuben RC, Sarkar SL, Roy PC, Anwar A, Hossain MA, Jahid IK. Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics for sustainable poultry production. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1960234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rine Christopher Reuben
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (Idiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shovon Lal Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Pravas Chandra Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | | | - M. Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka and Vice Chancellor, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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19
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Almeida-Santos AC, Novais C, Peixe L, Freitas AR. Enterococcus spp. as a Producer and Target of Bacteriocins: A Double-Edged Sword in the Antimicrobial Resistance Crisis Context. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101215. [PMID: 34680796 PMCID: PMC8532689 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus spp. are one of the most frequent producers of bacteriocins (enterocins), which provides them with an advantage to compete in their natural environment, which is the gut of humans and many animals. The enterocins’ activity against microorganisms from different phylogenetic groups has raised interest in Enterococcus spp. in different contexts throughout the last decades, especially in the food industry. Nevertheless, some species can also cause opportunistic life-threatening infections and are frequently multidrug-resistant (MDR). Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), in particular, are an ongoing global challenge given the lack of therapeutic options. In this scenario, bacteriocins can offer a potential solution to this persistent threat, either alone or in combination with other antimicrobials. There are a handful of studies that demonstrate the advantages and applications of bacteriocins, especially against VRE. The purpose of this review is to present a current standpoint about the dual role of Enterococcus spp., from important producers to targets needed to be controlled, and the crucial role that enterocins may have in the expansion of enterococcal populations. Classification and distribution of enterocins, the current knowledge about the bacteriocinome of clinical enterococci, and the challenges of bacteriocin use in the fight against VRE infections are particularly detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Almeida-Santos
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal or (A.C.A.-S.); (C.N.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Novais
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal or (A.C.A.-S.); (C.N.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal or (A.C.A.-S.); (C.N.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.P.); or (A.R.F.); Tel.: +351-220428580 (L.P. & A.R.F.)
| | - Ana R. Freitas
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal or (A.C.A.-S.); (C.N.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- TOXRUN–Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.P.); or (A.R.F.); Tel.: +351-220428580 (L.P. & A.R.F.)
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20
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Arias A, Feijoo G, Moreira MT. Process and environmental simulation in the validation of the biotechnological production of nisin from waste. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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An Enzybiotic Regimen for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Orthopaedic Device-Related Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101186. [PMID: 34680767 PMCID: PMC8533017 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopaedic device-related infection (ODRI) presents a significant challenge to the field of orthopaedic and trauma surgery. Despite extensive treatment involving surgical debridement and prolonged antibiotic therapy, outcomes remain poor. This is largely due to the unique abilities of Staphylococcus aureus, the most common causative agent of ODRI, to establish and protect itself within the host by forming biofilms on implanted devices and staphylococcal abscess communities (SACs). There is a need for novel antimicrobials that can readily target such features. Enzybiotics are a class of antimicrobial enzymes derived from bacteria and bacteriophages, which function by enzymatically degrading bacterial polymers essential to bacterial survival or biofilm formation. Here, we apply an enzybiotic-based combination regimen to a set of in vitro models as well as in a murine ODRI model to evaluate their usefulness in eradicating established S. aureus infection, compared to classical antibiotics. We show that two chimeric endolysins previously selected for their functional efficacy in human serum in combination with a polysaccharide depolymerase reduce bacterial CFU numbers 10,000-fold in a peg model and in an implant model of biofilm. The enzyme combination also completely eradicates S. aureus in a SAC in vitro model where classical antibiotics are ineffective. In an in vivo ODRI model in mice, the antibiofilm effects of this enzyme regimen are further enhanced when combined with a classical gentamicin/vancomycin treatment. In a mouse model of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ODRI following a fracture repair, a combined local enzybiotic/antibiotic treatment regimen showed a significant CFU reduction in the device and the surrounding soft tissue, as well as significant prevention of weight loss. These outcomes were superior to treatment with antibiotics alone. Overall, this study demonstrates that the addition of enzybiotics, which are distinguished by their extremely rapid killing efficacy and antibiofilm activities, can enhance the treatment of severe MRSA ODRI.
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Khorshidian N, Khanniri E, Mohammadi M, Mortazavian AM, Yousefi M. Antibacterial Activity of Pediocin and Pediocin-Producing Bacteria Against Listeria monocytogenes in Meat Products. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:709959. [PMID: 34603234 PMCID: PMC8486284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.709959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important challenges in the food industry is to produce healthy and safe food products, and this could be achieved through various processes as well as the use of different additives, especially chemical preservatives. However, consumer awareness and concern about chemical preservatives have led researchers to focus on the use of natural antimicrobial compounds such as bacteriocins. Pediocins, which belong to subclass IIa of bacteriocin characterized as small unmodified peptides with a low molecular weight (2.7-17 kDa), are produced by some of the Pediococcus bacteria. Pediocin and pediocin-like bacteriocins exert a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, especially against pathogenic bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes through formation of pores in the cytoplasmic membrane and cell membrane dysfunction. Pediocins are sensitive to most protease enzymes such as papain, pepsin, and trypsin; however, they keep their antimicrobial activity during heat treatment, at low temperatures even at -80°C, and after treatment with lipase, lysozyme, phospholipase C, DNase, or RNase. Due to the anti-listeria activity of pediocin on the one hand and the potential health hazards associated with consumption of meat products on the other hand, this review aimed to investigate the possible application of pediocin in preservation of meat and meat products against L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Khorshidian
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Khanniri
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir M. Mortazavian
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Yang C, Long D, Sung J, Alghoul Z, Merlin D. Orally Administered Natural Lipid Nanoparticle-Loaded 6-Shogaol Shapes the Anti-Inflammatory Microbiota and Metabolome. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1355. [PMID: 34575431 PMCID: PMC8472296 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen increasing interest in microbiota-targeting therapeutic strategies that aim to modulate the gut microbiota's composition and/or function to treat chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), metabolic symptoms, and obesity. While targeting the gut microbiota is an innovative means for treating IBD, it typically requires an extended treatment time, hampering its potential application. Herein, using an established natural-lipid nanoparticle (nLNP) platform, we demonstrate that nLNPs encapsulated with the drug candidate 6-shogaol (6S/nLNP) distinctly altered microbiota composition within one day of treatment, significantly accelerating a process that usually requires five days using free 6-shogaol (6S). In addition, the change in the composition of the microbiota induced by five-day treatment with 6S/nLNP was maintained for at least 15 days (from day five to day 20). The consequent alteration in the fecal metabolic profile stemming from this compositional change manifested as functional changes that enhanced the in vitro anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy of macrophage cells (Raw 264.7) and epithelial cells (Caco-2 BBE1), respectively. Further, this metabolic compositional change, as reflected in an altered metabolic profile, promoted a robust anti-inflammatory effect in a DSS-induced mouse model of acute colitis. Our study demonstrates that, by near-instantly modulating microbiota composition and function, an nLNP-based drug-delivery platform might be a powerful tool for treating ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Yang
- Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (D.L.); (J.S.); (Z.A.); (D.M.)
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30302, USA
| | - Dingpei Long
- Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (D.L.); (J.S.); (Z.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Junsik Sung
- Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (D.L.); (J.S.); (Z.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Zahra Alghoul
- Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (D.L.); (J.S.); (Z.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (D.L.); (J.S.); (Z.A.); (D.M.)
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30302, USA
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Arida IA, Ali IH, Nasr M, El-Sherbiny IM. Electrospun polymer-based nanofiber scaffolds for skin regeneration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Construction of Leaderless-Bacteriocin-Producing Bacteriophage Targeting E. coli and Neighboring Gram-Positive Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0014121. [PMID: 34259542 PMCID: PMC8552711 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00141-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic bacteriophages are expected as effective tools to control infectious bacteria in human and pathogenic or spoilage bacteria in foods. Leaderless bacteriocins (LLBs) are simple bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria. LLBs do not possess an N-terminal leader peptide in the precursor, which means that they are active immediately after translation. In this study, we constructed a novel antimicrobial agent, an LLB-producing phage (LLB-phage), by genetic engineering to introduce the LLB structural gene into the lytic phage genome. To this end, lnqQ (structure gene of an LLB, lacticin Q) and trxA, an essential gene for T7 phage genome replication, were integrated in tandem into T7 phage genome using homologous recombination in Escherichia coli host strain. The recombinant lnqQ-T7 phage was isolated by a screening method using ΔtrxA host strain. lnqQ-T7 phage formed a clear halo in agar plates containing both E. coli and lacticin Q-susceptible Bacillus coagulans, indicating that lnqQ-T7 phage could produce a significant amount of lacticin Q. Lacticin Q production did not exert a significant effect on the lytic cycle of T7 phage. In fact, the production of lacticin Q enhanced T7 phage lytic activity and helped to prevent the emergence of bacterial populations resistant against this phage. These results serve as a proof of principle for LLB-phages. There are different types of LLBs and phages, meaning that in the future, it may be possible to produce any number of LLB-phages which can be designed to efficiently control different types of bacterial contamination in different settings. IMPORTANCE We demonstrated that we could combine LLB and phage to construct promising novel antimicrobial agents, LLB-phage. The first LLB-phage, lnqQ-T7 phage, can control the growth of both the Gram-negative host strain and neighboring Gram-positive bacteria while preventing the emergence of phage resistance in the host strain. There are several different types of LLBs and phages, suggesting that we may be able to design a battery of LLB-phages by selecting novel combinations of LLBs and phages. These constructs could be tailored to control various bacterial contaminations and infectious diseases.
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Hill C. Microbiome and Infection: A Case for "Selective Depletion". ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2021; 77:1-6. [PMID: 34038906 DOI: 10.1159/000516399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In most instances where a pathogen has initiated an infection, the primary goal of the treating physician or pharmacist is to eliminate the pathogen. In the absence of knowledge of the precise identity of the problem-causing microbe, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial gives the best chance of success. This approach has saved many lives and is an invaluable tool in fighting infections. However, perhaps our current appreciation of the importance of the microbiome in human health should give us pause. We can regard the microbiome as a virtual organ within the human body, and we would surely hesitate to advance any therapeutic approach that would cause substantial damage to one of our organs. This is one consequence of many broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapies. There may be instances where a more precise approach would be useful. I have termed this "selective depletion"; a concept where pathogen numbers are curtailed by a narrow-spectrum inhibitor but the microbiome is protected and can play a role in restoring health and suppressing the outgrowth of the pathogen in the infected patient. It may well be that the best reservoir of microbiome-friendly antimicrobial agents is the microbiome itself, and I provide examples of where the microbiome has been mined for novel precision antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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27
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Heterogenous Susceptibility to R-Pyocins in Populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sourced from Cystic Fibrosis Lungs. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.00458-21. [PMID: 33947755 PMCID: PMC8262887 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00458-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are proteinaceous antimicrobials produced by bacteria that are active against other strains of the same species. R-type pyocins are phage tail-like bacteriocins produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Due to their antipseudomonal activity, R-pyocins have potential as therapeutics in infection. P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen and is particularly problematic for individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). P. aeruginosa organisms from CF lung infections develop increasing resistance to antibiotics, making new treatment approaches essential. P. aeruginosa populations become phenotypically and genotypically diverse during infection; however, little is known of the efficacy of R-pyocins against heterogeneous populations. R-pyocins vary by subtype (R1 to R5), distinguished by binding to different residues on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Each type varies in killing spectrum, and each strain produces only one R-type. To evaluate the prevalence of different R-types, we screened P. aeruginosa strains from the International Pseudomonas Consortium Database (IPCD) and from our biobank of CF strains. We found that (i) R1-types were the most prevalent R-type among strains from respiratory sources, (ii) a large number of strains lack R-pyocin genes, and (iii) isolates collected from the same patient have the same R-type. We then assessed the impact of intrastrain diversity on R-pyocin susceptibility and found a heterogenous response to R-pyocins within populations, likely due to differences in the LPS core. Our work reveals that heterogeneous populations of microbes exhibit variable susceptibility to R-pyocins and highlights that there is likely heterogeneity in response to other types of LPS-binding antimicrobials, including phage.IMPORTANCE R-pyocins have potential as alternative therapeutics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic infection; however, little is known about the efficacy of R-pyocins in heterogeneous bacterial populations. P. aeruginosa is known to become resistant to multiple antibiotics and to evolve phenotypic and genotypic diversity over time; thus, it is particularly difficult to eradicate in chronic cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infections. In this study, we found that P. aeruginosa populations from CF lungs maintain the same R-pyocin genotype but exhibit heterogeneity in susceptibility to R-pyocins from other strains. Our findings suggest there is heterogeneity in response to other types of LPS-binding antimicrobials, such as phage, highlighting the necessity of further studying the potential of LPS-binding antimicrobial particles as alternative therapies in chronic infections.
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28
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Huang Z, Zhang Z, Tong J, Malakar PK, Chen L, Liu H, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Phages and their lysins: Toolkits in the battle against foodborne pathogens in the postantibiotic era. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3319-3343. [PMID: 33938116 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, foods waste caused by putrefactive organisms and diseases caused by foodborne pathogens persist as public health problems even with a plethora of modern antimicrobials. Our over reliance on antimicrobials use in agriculture, medicine, and other fields will lead to a postantibiotic era where bacterial genotypic resistance, phenotypic adaptation, and other bacterial evolutionary strategies cause antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This AMR is evidenced by the emergence of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and pan-resistant (PDR) bacteria, which produces cross-contamination in multiple fields and poses a more serious threat to food safety. A "red queen premise" surmises that the coevolution of phages and bacteria results in an evolutionary arms race that compels phages to adapt and survive bacterial antiphage strategies. Phages and their lysins are therefore useful toolkits in the design of novel antimicrobials in food protection and foodborne pathogens control, and the modality of using phages as a targeted vector against foodborne pathogens is gaining momentum based on many encouraging research outcomes. In this review, we discuss the rationale of using phages and their lysins as weapons against spoilage organisms and foodborne pathogens, and outline the targeted conquest or dodge mechanism of phages and the development of novel phage prospects. We also highlight the implementation of phages and their lysins to control foodborne pathogens in a farm-table-hospital domain in the postantibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jinrong Tong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pradeep K Malakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Haiquan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
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29
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Grigorova EV, Rychkova LV, Belkova NL, Nemchenko UM, Savelkaeva MV, Kungurtseva EA, Voropaeva NM. Еvaluation of the sensitivity of bacteriophage preparations to Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from the colon microbiota in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:217-222. [PMID: 33878243 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-4-217-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The level of sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from children of the first half of life with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) to commercial bacteriophage preparations was assessed. The material was the feces of 67 children of the first half of life with FGID who are breastfed. Culture of K. pneumoniae isolated from faeces of children, amounted to two comparison groups, depending on the age of the patients. The first group included 43 K. pneumoniae strains isolated from the colon of children aged from birth to three months, in the second group - 24 strains, from children aged three to six months. The composition of the colon microbiota was studied using standard methods, and the results were evaluated in accordance with Industry Standard 91500.11.0004-2003. Identification of K. pneumoniae was performed by bacteriological methods. Determination of the level of lytic activity of K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella polyvalent and sextaphage bacteriophages to K. pneumoniae strains was conducted by the drip method (spot-test) according to clinical recommendations. It is shown that the formation of FGID symptoms in children correlates with age - the frequency of regurgitation decreased in children up to six months (from 23.3% to 4.2%) against the background of the formation of a symptom complex associated with defecation disorder. Bacteriological analysis showed that in General, phages show a low level of lytic activity, sensitivity to them Klebsiella also correlated with age and was higher in children of three to six months. Thus, in the first comparison group, the absence of Klebsiella lysis in relation to the Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage was registered three times more often (30.2%, p<0.05) and twice less often (30.2%, p<0.05), the low level of lysis of K. pneumoniae strains to the Klebsiella polyvalent phage compared to the second group. The sensitivity of K. pneumoniae strains to sextaphage was comparable in comparison groups and varied from 2 to 10%. Thus, among the studied K. pneumoniae observed a low level of sensitivity to specific drugs - bacteriophage Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella polyvalent and sextaphage. This fact reflects the insufficient activity of phages and predicts low effectiveness of empirical phage therapy without elimination from the intestinal biocenosis of K. pneumoniae in children with FGID who are breastfed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Grigorova
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - L V Rychkova
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - N L Belkova
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - U M Nemchenko
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - M V Savelkaeva
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - E A Kungurtseva
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - N M Voropaeva
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
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30
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Anti-Adhesion Effects of Lactobacillus Strains on Caco-2 Cells Against Escherichia Coli and Their Application in Ameliorating the Symptoms of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1632-1643. [PMID: 33851347 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of probiotics on ameliorating ulcerative colitis (UC) have attracted much attention in recent years. Nevertheless, the number of these identified probiotics is still limited. In addition, the adhesion abilities of probiotics are considered to be a key determinant for probiotic efficacy. However, the relationship between the adhesion abilities of probiotics and their role in ameliorating UC has been poorly studied to date. This study measured the adhesion abilities of four Lactobacillus strains to Caco-2 cells and their anti-adhesion effects on Caco-2 cells against pathogenic bacteria, as well as their application in ameliorating the symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC, and further illustrated the relationship between these two potential probiotic properties of probiotics and their beneficial effects on UC. Results suggested that the adhesion abilities of the four tested Lactobacillus strains exists highly strain-specific and the mechanisms of their anti-adhesion effect on Caco-2 cells against Escherichia coli may be different. Moreover, all these strains had promising effects on ameliorating UC by reducing inflammatory response and improving the intestinal mucosal barrier function, as well as promoting the production of SCFAs. In conclusion, the four tested Lactobacillus strains can be considered as alternative dietary supplements in alleviating UC. In addition, it could be concluded that there is no significant correlation between the adhesion abilities of probiotics and their role in ameliorating UC, which further illustrated that the adhesion properties of probiotics in vitro may not be suitable as the key criterion for screening potential strains with UC-alleviating effects.
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31
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Liu J, Ting JP, Al-Azzam S, Ding Y, Afshar S. Therapeutic Advances in Diabetes, Autoimmune, and Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062805. [PMID: 33802091 PMCID: PMC8001105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, 170 small molecules, 60 antibody-based entities, 12 peptides, and 15 gene- or cell-therapies have been approved by FDA for diverse disease indications. Recent advancement in medicine is facilitated by identification of new targets and mechanisms of actions, advancement in discovery and development platforms, and the emergence of novel technologies. Early disease detection, precision intervention, and personalized treatments have revolutionized patient care in the last decade. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging therapeutic modalities developed in the recent years. We focus on nine diseases in three major therapeutics areas, diabetes, autoimmune, and neurological disorders. The pathogenesis of each disease at physiological and molecular levels is discussed and recently approved drugs as well as drugs in the clinic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsha Liu
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Joey Paolo Ting
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shams Al-Azzam
- Professional Scientific Services, Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PA 17605, USA;
| | - Yun Ding
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Sepideh Afshar
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
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32
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Tanigawa T, Watanabe T, Higashimori A, Shimada S, Kitamura H, Kuzumoto T, Nadatani Y, Otani K, Fukunaga S, Hosomi S, Tanaka F, Kamata N, Nagami Y, Taira K, Shiba M, Suda W, Hattori M, Fujiwara Y. Rebamipide ameliorates indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage and proton pump inhibitor-induced exacerbation of this damage by modulation of small intestinal microbiota. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245995. [PMID: 33507971 PMCID: PMC7842908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce small intestinal damage. It has been reported that rebamipide, a mucoprotective drug, exerts a protective effect against NSAID-induced small intestinal damage; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the significance of the small intestinal microbiota in the protective effect of rebamipide against indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage in mice. A comprehensive analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed an alteration in the composition of the small intestinal microbiota at the species level, modulated by the administration of rebamipide and omeprazole. The transplantation of the small intestinal microbiota of the mice treated with rebamipide suppressed the indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage. Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, exacerbated the indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage, which was accompanied by the alteration of the small intestinal microbiota. We found that the transplantation of the small intestinal microbiota of the rebamipide-treated mice ameliorated indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage and the omeprazole-induced exacerbation of the damage. These results suggest that rebamipide exerts a protective effect against NSAID-induced small intestinal damage via the modulation of the small intestinal microbiota, and that its ameliorating effect extends also to the exacerbation of NSAID-induced small intestinal damage by proton pump inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Higashimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sunao Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuzumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nadatani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shusei Fukunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hosomi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumio Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Taira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Picciotti U, Massaro A, Galiano A, Garganese F. Cheese Fortification: Review and Possible Improvements. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1874411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Picciotti
- Dyrecta Lab s.r.l., MIUR Research Institute, Conversano (Ba), Italy
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Del Suolo, Della Pianta E Degli Alimenti (Di.S.S.P.A.), University of Bari “Aldo Moro“ (Ba), Italy
| | | | - Angelo Galiano
- Dyrecta Lab s.r.l., MIUR Research Institute, Conversano (Ba), Italy
| | - Francesca Garganese
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Del Suolo, Della Pianta E Degli Alimenti (Di.S.S.P.A.), University of Bari “Aldo Moro“ (Ba), Italy
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Regulating Intestinal Microbiota in the Prevention and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 2020:6629196. [PMID: 33381475 PMCID: PMC7759392 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6629196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When alcohol-related liver disease occurs, the number and composition ratio of intestinal microorganisms will accordingly change. The alcohol-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota play a pivotal role in the process of developing the alcohol-related liver disease through the translocation of microbial products due to increased intestinal permeability. In recent years, therapeutic interventions with a concentration on regulating intestinal microbiota have been conducted for patients with alcohol-related liver disease. We aimed to provide a critical review and updates on the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related liver disease through regulating intestinal microbiota. A literature search was performed on the PubMed database for studies published in English about the therapeutic intervention with microbiota using animal models and patients with alcohol-related liver disease (1/2010-4/2020). The accumulating pieces of evidence suggest that the therapeutic use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, phages, or fecal microbial transplantation may have several influences on alcohol-related liver disease patients. Emergent data unveiled that these interventions can further regulate the composition of intestinal microbiota, minimize the negative impact of microbiota on the liver, and prevent disease progression from mild to severe alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even liver cancer. The current review provides updates on the advances of therapeutic interventions with the effects of regulating intestinal microbiota on patients who have alcohol-related liver disease. In addition, the data gaps and research directions on further exploration of the role of intestinal microbiota for the management of the alcohol-related liver disease are also discussed.
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Łusiak-Szelachowska M, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Żaczek M, Borysowski J, Górski A. The Presence of Bacteriophages in the Human Body: Good, Bad or Neutral? Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122012. [PMID: 33339331 PMCID: PMC7767151 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of bacteriophages (phages) in the human body may impact bacterial microbiota and modulate immunity. The role of phages in human microbiome studies and diseases is poorly understood. However, the correlation between a greater abundance of phages in the gut in ulcerative colitis and diabetes has been suggested. Furthermore, most phages found at different sites in the human body are temperate, so their therapeutic effects and their potential beneficial effects remain unclear. Hence, far, no correlation has been observed between the presence of widespread crAssphage in the human population and human health and diseases. Here, we emphasize the beneficial effects of phage transfer in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in Clostridioides difficile infection. The safety of phage use in gastrointestinal disorders has been demonstrated in clinical studies. The significance of phages in the FMT as well as in gastrointestinal disorders remains to be established. An explanation of the multifaceted role of endogenous phages for the development of phage therapy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzanna Łusiak-Szelachowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.Ł.-S.); (B.W.-D.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Beata Weber-Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.Ł.-S.); (B.W.-D.); (M.Ż.)
- Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Żaczek
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.Ł.-S.); (B.W.-D.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Jan Borysowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.Ł.-S.); (B.W.-D.); (M.Ż.)
- Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
- Infant Jesus Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-370-99-05
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36
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Leite EL, Oliveira AFDE, Carmo FLRDO, Berkova N, Barh D, Ghosh P, Azevedo V. Bacteriocins as an alternative in the treatment of infections by Staphylococcus aureus. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20201216. [PMID: 33084762 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020201216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a highly versatile Gram-positive bacterium that is carried asymptomatically by up to 30% of healthy people, while being a major cause of healthcare-associated infections, making it a worldwide problem in clinical medicine. The adaptive evolution of S. aureus strains is demonstrated by its remarkable capacity to promptly develop high resistance to multiple antibiotics, thus limiting treatment choice. Nowadays, there is a continuous demand for an alternative to the use of antibiotics for S. aureus infections and a strategy to control the spread or to kill phylogenetically related strains. In this scenario, bacteriocins fit as with a promising and interesting alternative. These molecules are produced by a range of bacteria, defined as ribosomally synthesized peptides with bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity against a wide range of pathogens. This work reviews ascertained the main antibiotic-resistance mechanisms of S. aureus strains and the current, informative content concerning the applicability of the use of bacteriocins overlapping the use of conventional antibiotics in the context of S. aureus infections. Besides, we highlight the possible application of these biomolecules on an industrial scale in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma L Leite
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, ICB/UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto F DE Oliveira
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fillipe L R DO Carmo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, ICB/UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nadia Berkova
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, 721172 West Bengal, India
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA-23284, USA
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, ICB/UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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van Zyl WF, Deane SM, Dicks LM. Molecular insights into probiotic mechanisms of action employed against intestinal pathogenic bacteria. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1831339. [PMID: 33112695 PMCID: PMC7595611 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1831339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, and in particular those caused by bacterial infections, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Treatment is becoming increasingly difficult due to the increase in number of species that have developed resistance to antibiotics. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have considerable potential as alternatives to antibiotics, both in prophylactic and therapeutic applications. Several studies have documented a reduction, or prevention, of GI diseases by probiotic bacteria. Since the activities of probiotic bacteria are closely linked with conditions in the host's GI-tract (GIT) and changes in the population of enteric microorganisms, a deeper understanding of gut-microbial interactions is required in the selection of the most suitable probiotic. This necessitates a deeper understanding of the molecular capabilities of probiotic bacteria. In this review, we explore how probiotic microorganisms interact with enteric pathogens in the GIT. The significance of probiotic colonization and persistence in the GIT is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winschau F. van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Shelly M. Deane
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Leon M.T. Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa,CONTACT Leon M.T. Dicks; Department of Microbiology; Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch7602, South Africa
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Ribeiro CFA, Silveira GGDOS, Cândido EDS, Cardoso MH, Espínola Carvalho CM, Franco OL. Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on Gut Microbiota and How to Overcome Its Negative Impacts on Human Health. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2544-2559. [PMID: 32786282 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The need for new antimicrobial therapies is evident, especially to reduce antimicrobial resistance and minimize deleterious effects on gut microbiota. However, although diverse studies discuss the adverse effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the microbiome ecology, targeted interventions that could solve this problem have often been overlooked. The impact of antibiotics on gut microbiota homeostasis is alarming, compromising its microbial community and leading to changes in host health. Recent studies have shown that these impacts can be transient or permanent, causing irreversible damage to gut microbiota. The responses to and changes in the gut microbial community arising from antibiotic treatment are related to its duration, the number of doses, antibiotic class, host age, genetic susceptibility, and lifestyle. In contrast, each individual's native microbiota can also affect the response to treatment as well as respond differently to antibiotic treatment. In this context, the current challenge is to promote the growth of potentially beneficial microorganisms and to reduce the proportion of microorganisms that cause dysbiosis, thus contributing to an improvement in the patient's health. An essential requirement for the development of novel antibiotics will be personalized medicinal strategies that recognize a patient's intestinal and biochemical individuality. Thus, this Review will address a new perspective on antimicrobial therapies through pathogen-selective antibiotics that minimize the impacts on human health due to changes in the gut microbiota from the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fontoura Acosta Ribeiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabete de Souza Cândido
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Marcelo Espínola Carvalho
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District 71966-700, Brazil
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39
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Alves-Barroco C, Rivas-García L, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV. Tackling Multidrug Resistance in Streptococci - From Novel Biotherapeutic Strategies to Nanomedicines. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:579916. [PMID: 33123110 PMCID: PMC7573253 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyogenic streptococci group includes pathogenic species for humans and other animals and has been associated with enduring morbidity and high mortality. The main reason for the treatment failure of streptococcal infections is the increased resistance to antibiotics. In recent years, infectious diseases caused by pyogenic streptococci resistant to multiple antibiotics have been raising with a significant impact to public health and veterinary industry. The rise of antibiotic-resistant streptococci has been associated to diverse mechanisms, such as efflux pumps and modifications of the antimicrobial target. Among streptococci, antibiotic resistance emerges from previously sensitive populations as result of horizontal gene transfer or chromosomal point mutations due to excessive use of antimicrobials. Streptococci strains are also recognized as biofilm producers. The increased resistance of biofilms to antibiotics among streptococci promote persistent infection, which comprise circa 80% of microbial infections in humans. Therefore, to overcome drug resistance, new strategies, including new antibacterial and antibiofilm agents, have been studied. Interestingly, the use of systems based on nanoparticles have been applied to tackle infection and reduce the emergence of drug resistance. Herein, we present a synopsis of mechanisms associated to drug resistance in (pyogenic) streptococci and discuss some innovative strategies as alternative to conventional antibiotics, such as bacteriocins, bacteriophage, and phage lysins, and metal nanoparticles. We shall provide focused discussion on the advantages and limitations of agents considering application, efficacy and safety in the context of impact to the host and evolution of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Alves-Barroco
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Rivas-García
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Viana Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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40
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Valledor SJD, Bucheli JEV, Holzapfel WH, Todorov SD. Exploring Beneficial Properties of the Bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus faecium ST10Bz Strain Isolated from Boza, a Bulgarian Cereal-Based Beverage. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101474. [PMID: 32992853 PMCID: PMC7600690 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteriocin-producing strain Enterococcus faecium ST10Bz, isolated from boza, a Bulgarian cereal-based beverage, exhibited strong activity against Listeria strains, vancomycin-resistant and other Enterococcus strains, but not against most of the other lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains included in the test panel. Bacteriocin ST10Bz was proven as a stable antimicrobial, even after exposure to various environmental conditions, including varying pH values, temperatures, and commonly used chemicals in industry and laboratory practice. Bacteriocin activity against L. monocytogenes ATCC®15313™ was recorded at 25,600 AU/mL when the producer strain was cultured in MRS broth at 25 °C and 30 °C, and 19,200 AU/mL, when cultured at 37 °C. Additionally, bacteriocin ST10Bz exhibited bactericidal mode of action when added to actively growing cultures of L. monocytogenes ATCC®15313™ and Enterococcus faecalis 200A. E. faecium ST10Bz was susceptible to the antibiotics kanamycin, gentamycin, ampicillin, streptomycin, tylosin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, tetracycline, and vancomycin; with no evidence for vanA, B, C, D, E, or G genes. PCR analysis of DNA from strain ST10Bz generated positive results for presence of some bacterial adhesion genes, including map, mub and ef-tu, as well as the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) production-related gene, gad. Under simulated gastrointestinal conditions in single and co-culture with L. monocytogenes ATCC®15313™ and E. faecalis 200A, E. faecium ST10Bz showed a high survival rate and the ability to reduce the viable numbers of the two test strains.
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41
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Chen R, Wong HL, Kindler GS, MacLeod FI, Benaud N, Ferrari BC, Burns BP. Discovery of an Abundance of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Shark Bay Microbial Mats. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1950. [PMID: 32973707 PMCID: PMC7472256 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial mats are geobiological multilayered ecosystems that have significant evolutionary value in understanding the evolution of early life on Earth. Shark Bay, Australia has some of the best examples of modern microbial mats thriving under harsh conditions of high temperatures, salinity, desiccation, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Microorganisms living in extreme ecosystems are thought to potentially encode for secondary metabolites as a survival strategy. Many secondary metabolites are natural products encoded by a grouping of genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Natural products have diverse chemical structures and functions which provide competitive advantages for microorganisms and can also have biotechnology applications. In the present study, the diversity of BGC were described in detail for the first time from Shark Bay microbial mats. A total of 1477 BGCs were detected in metagenomic data over a 20 mm mat depth horizon, with the surface layer possessing over 200 BGCs and containing the highest relative abundance of BGCs of all mat layers. Terpene and bacteriocin BGCs were highly represented and their natural products are proposed to have important roles in ecosystem function in these mat systems. Interestingly, potentially novel BGCs were detected from Heimdallarchaeota and Lokiarchaeota, two evolutionarily significant archaeal phyla not previously known to possess BGCs. This study provides new insights into how secondary metabolites from BGCs may enable diverse microbial mat communities to adapt to extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hon Lun Wong
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gareth S Kindler
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fraser Iain MacLeod
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Benaud
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda C Ferrari
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendan P Burns
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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42
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Choy A, Freedberg DE. Impact of microbiome-based interventions on gastrointestinal pathogen colonization in the intensive care unit. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820939447. [PMID: 32733601 PMCID: PMC7370550 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820939447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the intensive care unit (ICU), colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by potentially pathogenic bacteria is common and often precedes clinical infection. Though effective in the short term, traditional antibiotic-based decolonization methods may contribute to rising resistance in the long term. Novel therapies instead focus on restoring gut microbiome equilibrium to achieve pathogen colonization resistance. This review summarizes the existing data regarding microbiome-based approaches to gastrointestinal pathogen colonization in ICU patients with a focus on prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel E. Freedberg
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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43
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44
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Meade E, Slattery MA, Garvey M. Bacteriocins, Potent Antimicrobial Peptides and the Fight against Multi Drug Resistant Species: Resistance Is Futile? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9010032. [PMID: 31963311 PMCID: PMC7168330 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite highly specialized international interventions and policies in place today, the rapid emergence and dissemination of resistant bacterial species continue to occur globally, threatening the longevity of antibiotics in the medical sector. In particular, problematic nosocomial infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens present as a major burden to both patients and healthcare systems, with annual mortality rates incrementally rising. Bacteriocins, peptidic toxins produced by bacteria, offer promising potential as substitutes or conjugates to current therapeutic compounds. These non-toxic peptides exhibit significant potency against certain bacteria (including multidrug-resistant species), while producer strains remain insusceptible to the bactericidal peptides. The selectivity and safety profile of bacteriocins have been highlighted as superior advantages over traditional antibiotics; however, many aspects regarding their efficacy are still unknown. Although active at low concentrations, bacteriocins typically have low in vivo stability, being susceptible to degradation by proteolytic enzymes. Another major drawback lies in the feasibility of large-scale production, with these key features collectively limiting their current clinical application. Though such limitations require extensive research, the concept of expanding bacteriocins from food preservation to human health opens many fascinating doors, including novel drug delivery systems and anticancer treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Meade
- Department of Life Science, Sligo Institute of Technology, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Mark Anthony Slattery
- Mark Anthony Slattery MVB, Veterinary Practice, Manorhamilton, F91 DP62 Leitrim, Ireland;
| | - Mary Garvey
- Department of Life Science, Sligo Institute of Technology, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
- Mark Anthony Slattery MVB, Veterinary Practice, Manorhamilton, F91 DP62 Leitrim, Ireland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-071-9305529
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45
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Kierończyk B, Rawski M, Mikołajczak Z, Świątkiewicz S, Józefiak D. Nisin as a Novel Feed Additive: The Effects on Gut Microbial Modulation and Activity, Histological Parameters, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E101. [PMID: 31936255 PMCID: PMC7023484 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two independent experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of nisin alone or with monensin on gut microbiota, gut microbial activities, and histomorphology (exp 1) and the effect of nisin application in a dose‒response manner on the growth performance of broiler chickens (exp 2). A total of 900 one-day-old female Ross 308 chicks (400, exp 1; 500, exp 2) were randomly distributed to four groups (exp 1; 10 replicate pens per treatment with 10 birds each), i.e., NA, no additives; MON, monensin (100 ppm); NIS, nisin (2700 IU/kg diet); and MON + NIS, a mixture of monensin (100 ppm) and nisin (2700 IU/kg diet); or 5 treatments (exp 2), NA, no additives; NIS100, nisin (100 IU/kg diet); NIS200, nisin (200 IU/kg diet); NIS400, nisin (400 IU/kg diet); and NIS800, nisin (800 IU/kg diet). Nisin supplementation positively affected the microbiota of the gut by reducing potentially pathogenic bacterial populations in the jejunum and ceca. The bacterial fermentation in the jejunum was significantly lowered by nisin addition. The addition of nisin from 100 IU to 800 IU decreased the FCR value over the entire experimental period. According to the results, nisin can be considered a natural dietary supplement for broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kierończyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (Z.M.); (D.J.)
| | - Mateusz Rawski
- Division of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Zuzanna Mikołajczak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (Z.M.); (D.J.)
| | - Sylwester Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition Physiology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland;
| | - Damian Józefiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (Z.M.); (D.J.)
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46
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Abdulhussain Kareem R, Razavi SH. Plantaricin bacteriocins: As safe alternative antimicrobial peptides in food preservation—A review. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghda Abdulhussain Kareem
- Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Tehran Karaj Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Razavi
- Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Tehran Karaj Iran
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Dean AD, Horsburgh MJ, Vasiev B. Toxin-mediated competition in weakly motile bacteria. J Theor Biol 2019; 480:205-217. [PMID: 31348925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Many bacterial species produce toxins that inhibit their competitors. We model this phenomenon by extending classic two-species Lotka-Volterra competition in one spatial dimension to incorporate toxin production by one species. Considering solutions comprising two adjacent single-species colonies, we show how the toxin inhibits the susceptible species near the interface between the two colonies. Moreover, a sufficiently effective toxin inhibits the susceptible species to such a degree that an 'inhibition zone' is formed separating the two colonies. In the special case of truly non-motile bacteria, i.e. with zero bacterial diffusivity, we derive analytical expressions describing the bacterial distributions and size of the inhibition zone. In the more general case of weakly motile bacteria, i.e. small bacterial diffusivity, these two-colony solutions become travelling waves. We employ numerical methods to show that the wavespeed is dependent upon both interspecific competition and toxin strength; precisely which colony expands at the expense of the other depends upon the choice of parameter values. In particular, a sufficiently effective toxin allows the producer to expand at the expense of the susceptible, with a wavespeed magnitude that is bounded above as the toxin strength increases. This asymptotic wavespeed is independent of interspecific competition and due to the formation of the inhibition zone; when the colonies are thus separated, there is no longer direct competition between the two species and the producer can invade effectively unimpeded by its competitor. We note that the minimum toxin strength required to produce an inhibition zone increases rapidly with increasing bacterial diffusivity, suggesting that even moderately motile bacteria must produce very strong toxins if they are to benefit in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Dean
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Malcolm J Horsburgh
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Bakhti Vasiev
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
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Żaczek M, Górski A, Skaradzińska A, Łusiak-Szelachowska M, Weber-Dąbrowska B. Phage penetration of eukaryotic cells: practical implications. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The inability to infect eukaryotic cells has been considered as the most undeniable feature of all bacterial viruses. Such specificity, limited only for bacterial hosts, raises questions about the paths and challenges phages should overcome when circulating through the human body. Recently, it has been shown that phages are able to continually penetrate human organs and tissues. Latest reports revealed that phages can cross eukaryotic cell barriers both para- and transcellularly and even reach the nucleus. Further, phages are capable of internalizing within cells through different endocytic mechanisms. Such phenomenon indicates that phages could shape human microbiome composition and affect all aspects of human health. Thus, herein, we summarize the current state of knowledge and describe this phenomenon with a particular emphasis on endocytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Żaczek
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences (HIIET PAS), R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences (HIIET PAS), R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences (HIIET PAS), R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Skaradzińska
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marzanna Łusiak-Szelachowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences (HIIET PAS), R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Weber-Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences (HIIET PAS), R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences (HIIET PAS), R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
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Noroozi E, Mojgani N, Motevaseli E, Modarressi MH, Tebianian M. Physico-chemical and cytotoxic analysis of a novel large molecular weight bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus casei TA0021. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 11:397-405. [PMID: 32148670 PMCID: PMC7049325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Antimicrobial peptides produced by lactic acid bacteria have gained enormous attention owing to their health benefits. This study aimed to isolate, purify and characterize the antibacterial protein produced by autochthonous Lactobacillus casei TA0021 strain. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antagonistic activity of L. casei TA0021 against a number of pathogenic bacteria was tested by agar well diffusion assay. The antimicrobial agent in the neutralized supernatant fluids was subjected to the action of proteolytic enzymes, catalase, lipase and lysozyme, and their tolerance to variable pH and temperature was estimated. The proteinaceous antagonistic compound was precipitated by 60% w/v ammonium sulphate, desalted and subjected to cation exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Approximate molecular weight of Lactocin was determined by SDS-PAGE and non-denaturing gel electrophoresis. Hemoglobin release assay and cytotoxicity effect of Lactocin TA0021 was determined. The results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The antagonistic agent active against Salmonella Typhimurium and Shigella flexneri appeared resistant to catalase and lipase treatments, while sensitive to the tested proteolytic enzymes. Lactocin TA0021 resisted acidic pH values of 3.0, while alkaline pH values of >9 completely destroyed the activity. The antibacterial peptide was approximately 68 KDa and heat labile as lost its activity at 100°C after 5 minutes. The bacteriocin was non-toxic to MRC-5 cell lines and non-hemolytic. Purification method lead to increase in antibacterial activity while, subsequent decrease in recovery and yield was observed with increasing purification fold. CONCLUSION The purified antimicrobial protein from L. casei TA0021 might be used for application in medicinal and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Noroozi
- Department of Cellular Molecular Biology, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naheed Mojgani
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Majid Tebianian
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Horiuk YV, Kukhtyn MD, Stravskyy YS, Klymnyuk SI, Vergeles KM, Horiuk VV. Influence of staphylococcal Phage SAvB14 on biofilms, formed by Staphylococcus aureus variant bovis. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bacteriophages for the treatment of chronic inflammatory processes has proved to be relevant, especially during isolation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens formed in biofilms. The article presents the results of research on the influence of Phage SAvB14 on young and mature biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus variant bovis. In the experiments we used cultures of S. aureus and a specific Phage SAvB14 isolated from the secretion of the mammary gland of cows suffering from chronic mastitis. In the study of the influence of bacteriophage on formed biofilms we determined the optical density of the dye solution that was washed from the biofilm photometrically on a spectrophotometer PE-5400UV (Ecroskhim, Russia) and the number of staphylococcal cells in the biofilm after the action of the bacteriophage on 24-hour and 72-hour biofilms by a ten-fold dilution on beef-extract agar. It was determined that under the influence of the bacteriophage on young 24-hour biofilms of S. aureus var. bovis, the optical density of the dye solution from biofilm increased within 4 hours up to 10% and the number of microbial cells increased by 1.8 times. After 32 hours of bacteriophage action, the optical density of the dye solution decreased on average by 34% compared to the initial density and the number of S. aureus cells in the biofilm decreased by 30 times. This indicates that microbial cells of young biofilms are not subject to complete lysis during the action of even this specific bacteriophage. Degradation of 77.5% of biofilm under the influence of the bacteriophage was observed on mature 72-hour biofilm within 32 hours at 37 °C. At the same time, viable cells of S. aureus were not isolated from the biofilm. This indicates the high lytic activity of the bacteriophage against mature biofilm bacteria and the possibility of its use in chronic staphylococcal infections caused by S. aureus var. bovis. Thus, the obtained data indicate that when mature 72-hour biofilms are exposed to the researched bacteriophage, their degradation is more intense compared with the young 24-hour biofilms, and the amount of destroyed biofilm was on average 2 times higher. This suggests that the use of specific staphylococcal Phage SAvB14 isolated by us for the destruction of biofilm, formed by S. aureus var. bovis, is promising.
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