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Mehrotra S, Dey S, Sachdeva K, Mohanty S, Mandal BB. Recent advances in tailoring stimuli-responsive hybrid scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering and allied applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10297-10331. [PMID: 37905467 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00450c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
To recapitulate bio-physical properties and functional behaviour of native heart tissues, recent tissue engineering-based approaches are focused on developing smart/stimuli-responsive materials for interfacing cardiac cells. Overcoming the drawbacks of the traditionally used biomaterials, these smart materials portray outstanding mechanical and conductive properties while promoting cell-cell interaction and cell-matrix transduction cues in such excitable tissues. To date, a large number of stimuli-responsive materials have been employed for interfacing cardiac tissues alone or in combination with natural/synthetic materials for cardiac tissue engineering. However, their comprehensive classification and a comparative analysis of the role played by these materials in regulating cardiac cell behaviour and in vivo metabolism are much less discussed. In an attempt to cover the recent advances in fabricating stimuli-responsive biomaterials for engineering cardiac tissues, this review details the role of these materials in modulating cardiomyocyte behaviour, functionality and surrounding matrix properties. Furthermore, concerns and challenges regarding the clinical translation of these materials and the possibility of using such materials for the fabrication of bio-actuators and bioelectronic devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mehrotra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India. biman.mandal@iitg,ac.in
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India
| | - Kunj Sachdeva
- DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India. biman.mandal@iitg,ac.in
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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Ramirez SP, Hernandez I, Balcorta HV, Kumar P, Kumar V, Poon W, Joddar B. Microcomputed Tomography for the Microstructure Evaluation of 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37871142 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
This study implemented the application of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) as a characterization technique for the study and investigation of the microstructure of 3D scaffold structures produced via three-dimensional bioprinting (3DBP). The study focused on the preparation, characterization, and cytotoxicity analysis of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) incorporated into 3DBP hydrogels for micro-CT evaluation. The Au-NPs were characterized by using various techniques, including UV-vis spectrometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurement, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characterization results confirmed the successful coating of the Au-NPs with 2 kDa methoxy-PEG and revealed their spherical shape with a mean core diameter of 66 nm. Cytotoxicity analysis using live-dead fluorescent microscopy indicated that all tested Au-NP solutions were nontoxic to AC16 cardiomyocytes in both 2D and 3D culture conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed distinguishable differences in image contrast and intensity between samples with and without Au-NPs, with high concentrations of Au-NPs displaying nanoparticle aggregates. Micro-CT imaging demonstrated that scaffolds containing Au-NPs depicted enhanced imaging resolution and quality, allowing for visualization of the microstructure. The 3D reconstruction of scaffold structures from micro-CT imaging using Dragonfly software further supported the improved visualization. Mechanical analysis revealed that the addition of Au-NPs enhanced the mechanical properties of acellular scaffolds, including their elastic moduli and complex viscosity, but the presence of cells led to biodegradation and reduced mechanical strength. These findings highlight the successful preparation and characterization of Au-NPs, their nontoxic nature in both 2D and 3D culture conditions, their influence on imaging quality, and the impact on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed hydrogels. These results contribute to the development of functional and biocompatible materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma P Ramirez
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Ivana Hernandez
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Hannia V Balcorta
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Delivery Systems and Nano-Therapeutics Innovation Laboratory (DESTINATION), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Wilson Poon
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Delivery Systems and Nano-Therapeutics Innovation Laboratory (DESTINATION), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Binata Joddar
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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Liu R, Meng X, Yu X, Wang G, Dong Z, Zhou Z, Qi M, Yu X, Ji T, Wang F. From 2D to 3D Co-Culture Systems: A Review of Co-Culture Models to Study the Neural Cells Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13116. [PMID: 36361902 PMCID: PMC9656609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) controls and regulates the functional activities of the organ systems and maintains the unity between the body and the external environment. The advent of co-culture systems has made it possible to elucidate the interactions between neural cells in vitro and to reproduce complex neural circuits. Here, we classified the co-culture system as a two-dimensional (2D) co-culture system, a cell-based three-dimensional (3D) co-culture system, a tissue slice-based 3D co-culture system, an organoid-based 3D co-culture system, and a microfluidic platform-based 3D co-culture system. We provide an overview of these different co-culture models and their applications in the study of neural cell interaction. The application of co-culture systems in virus-infected CNS disease models is also discussed here. Finally, the direction of the co-culture system in future research is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoting Meng
- Department of Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiyao Yu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiyong Dong
- Department of Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mingran Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Shahzadi L, Ramzan A, Anjum A, Jabbar F, Khan AF, Manzoor F, Shahzad SA, Chaudhry AA, Rehman IU, Yar M. An efficient new method for electrospinning chitosan and heparin for the preparation of pro‐angiogenic nanofibrous membranes for wound healing applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Shahzadi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Amna Ramzan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB) University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Awais Anjum
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Faiza Jabbar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Ather Farooq Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Faisal Manzoor
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sohail Anjum Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Aqif Anwar Chaudhry
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
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Sharifisistani M, Khanmohammadi M, Badali E, Ghasemi P, Hassanzadeh S, Bahiraie N, Lotfibakhshaiesh N, Ai J. Hyaluronic acid/gelatin microcapsule functionalized with carbon nanotube through laccase-catalyzed crosslinking for fabrication of cardiac microtissue. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1866-1880. [PMID: 35765200 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) and gelatin (Gela) molecules are effective substrates in promoting engineered cardiac tissue functions. This study developed a microfluidic-based encapsulation process for biomimetic hydrogel microcapsule fabrication. The hydrogel microcapsule was produced through a coaxial double orifice microfluidic technique and a water-in-oil emulsion system in two sequential processes. The phenol (Ph) substituted Gela (Gela-Ph) and CNT (CNT-Ph), respectively as cell-adhesive and electrically conductive substrates were incorporated in hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel through laccase-mediated crosslinking. The Cardiomyocyte-enclosing microcapsule fabricated and cellular survival, function, and possible difference in the biological activity of encapsulated cells within micro vehicles were investigated. The coaxial microfluidic method and Lac-mediated crosslinking reaction resulted in spherical vehicle production in 183 μm diameter at 500 capsules/min speed. The encapsulation process did not affect cellular viability and harvested cells from microcapsule proliferated well likewise subcultured cells in tissue culture plate. The biophysical properties of the designed hydrogel, including mechanical strength, swelling, biodegradability and electroconductivity upregulated significantly for hydrogels decorated covalently with Gela-Ph and CNT-Ph. The tendency of the microcapsule for the spheroid formation of cardiomyocytes inside the proposed microcapsule occurred 3 days after encapsulation. Interestingly, immobilized Gela-Ph and CNT-Ph promote cellular growth and specific cardiac markers. Overall, the microfluidic-based encapsulation technology and synthesized biomimetic substrates with electroconductive properties demonstrate desirable cellular adhesion, proliferation, and cardiac functions for engineering cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sharifisistani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khanmohammadi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Badali
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Chemistry Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajad Hassanzadeh
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Bahiraie
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Lotfibakhshaiesh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Scott L, Jurewicz I, Jeevaratnam K, Lewis R. Carbon Nanotube-Based Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering-Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:80. [PMID: 34207645 PMCID: PMC8228669 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8060080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is currently the top global cause of death, however, research into new therapies is in decline. Tissue engineering is a solution to this crisis and in combination with the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which have drawn recent attention as a biomaterial, could facilitate the development of more dynamic and complex in vitro models. CNTs' electrical conductivity and dimensional similarity to cardiac extracellular proteins provide a unique opportunity to deliver scaffolds with stimuli that mimic the native cardiac microenvironment in vitro more effectively. This systematic review aims to evaluate the use and efficacy of CNTs for cardiac tissue scaffolds and was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Three databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Papers resulting from these searches were then subjected to analysis against pre-determined inclusion and quality appraisal criteria. From 249 results, 27 manuscripts met the criteria and were included in this review. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were most commonly used in the experiments, with multi-walled CNTs being most common in tissue scaffolds. Immunofluorescence was the experimental technique most frequently used, which was employed for the staining of cardiac-specific proteins relating to contractile and electrophysiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louie Scott
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7AL, UK; (L.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Izabela Jurewicz
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7AL, UK; (L.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7AL, UK; (L.S.); (K.J.)
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García VJ, Márquez CO, Zúñiga-Suárez AR, Zúñiga-Torres BC, Ríos-Gónzalez PJ. Mechanical and electrical properties of MWCNTs - high early strength cement - mortars composite: Dispersion of CNTs and effect of chemical admixtures. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20200924. [PMID: 34076183 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120200924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to study (1) the dispersion of MWCNTs in an aqueous system by three commercial admixtures (CAds) for concrete, and (2) the effect of CAds and MWCNTs on indirect tensile strength and electrical conductivity of MWCNTs-high early strength (HE) cement-mortar composites. To achieve the objectives, we dispersed MWCNTs in an aqueous system with (1) hydroxylated polymers-based water reducing plasticizer (HPs), a nonionic compound, (2) Naphthalene based superplasticizer (SNF), an anionic compound, and (3) calcium chloride-based accelerating agent (CC) a neutral amphoteric salt. We prepared a total of 242 samples grouped in three sets: (1) Plain mortar [PM] (water + HE cement + Sand), (2) [PM+CAd], and (3) [PM+CAd+MWCNTs]. The three CAds dispersed MWCNTs in an aqueous solution. The CC and HPs admixtures have a two-time bigger dispersing power than the SNF. They demand half of SNF's ultrasound energy for optimal dispersion. Although the SNF (anionic) based superplasticizer resulted incompatible with the HE cement, it improved the indirect tensile strength of [PM+SNF+MWCNTs] composite. In contrast, the CC (amphoteric) based accelerating agent was compatible with the HE cement; the CC adsorption on the MWCNTs surface favors an improvement in the electrical conductivity of [PM+CAd+MWCNTs] composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor J García
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, 110150, Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Calle París, Loja, 110150 Provincia de Loja, Ecuador.,Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Facultad de Ingeniería, Av. Antonio José de Sucre, Riobamba, 060150 Riobamba, Provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador
| | - Carmen O Márquez
- Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Facultad de Ingeniería, Av. Antonio José de Sucre, Riobamba, 060150 Riobamba, Provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador.,Universidad de Los Andes, La Hechicera, Mérida, 5115, Estado Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Alonso R Zúñiga-Suárez
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, 110150, Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Calle París, Loja, 110150 Provincia de Loja, Ecuador
| | - Berenice C Zúñiga-Torres
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, 110150, Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Calle París, Loja, 110150 Provincia de Loja, Ecuador
| | - Pedro J Ríos-Gónzalez
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, 110150, Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Calle París, Loja, 110150 Provincia de Loja, Ecuador
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Alonzo M, Kumar SA, Allen S, Delgado M, Alvarez-Primo F, Suggs L, Joddar B. Hydrogel scaffolds with elasticity-mimicking embryonic substrates promote cardiac cellular network formation. Prog Biomater 2020; 9:125-137. [PMID: 32978746 PMCID: PMC7544760 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-020-00137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are a class of biomaterials used for a wide range of biomedical applications, including as a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold for cell culture that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native tissues. To understand the role of the ECM in the modulation of cardiac cell function, alginate was used to fabricate crosslinked gels with stiffness values that resembled embryonic (2.66 ± 0.84 kPa), physiologic (8.98 ± 1.29 kPa) and fibrotic (18.27 ± 3.17 kPa) cardiac tissues. The average pore diameter and hydrogel swelling were seen to decrease with increasing substrate stiffness. Cardiomyocytes cultured within soft embryonic gels demonstrated enhanced cell spreading, elongation, and network formation, while a progressive increase in gel stiffness diminished these behaviors. Cell viability decreased with increasing hydrogel stiffness. Furthermore, cells in fibrotic gels showed enhanced protein expression of the characteristic cardiac stress biomarker, Troponin-I, while reduced protein expression of the cardiac gap junction protein, Connexin-43, in comparison to cells within embryonic gels. The results from this study demonstrate the role that 3D substrate stiffness has on cardiac tissue formation and its implications in the development of complex matrix remodeling-based conditions, such as myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alonzo
- Inspired Materials and Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), El Paso, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Shweta Anil Kumar
- Inspired Materials and Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), El Paso, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Shane Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Monica Delgado
- Inspired Materials and Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), El Paso, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Fabian Alvarez-Primo
- Inspired Materials and Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), El Paso, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Laura Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Binata Joddar
- Inspired Materials and Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), El Paso, USA.
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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Cleetus CM, Alvarez Primo F, Fregoso G, Lalitha Raveendran N, Noveron JC, Spencer CT, Ramana CV, Joddar B. Alginate Hydrogels with Embedded ZnO Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5097-5111. [PMID: 32764939 PMCID: PMC7369368 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s255937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this in-vitro study, we designed a 3D printed composite of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) with photocatalytic activities encapsulated within hydrogel (alginate) constructs, for antibacterial purposes applicable towards wound healing. We primarily sought to confirm the mechanical properties and cell compatibility of these ZnO NP infused scaffolds. METHODS The antibacterial property of the ZnO NPs was confirmed by hydroxyl radical generation using ultraviolet (U.V.) photocatalysis. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a well-known antibacterial compound, was used as a positive control (1% w/v) for the ZnO NP-based alginate constructs and their antibacterial efficacies compared. Among the ZnO group, 3D printed gels containing 0.5% and 1% w/v of ZnO were analyzed and compared with manually casted samples via SEM, swelling evaluation, and rheological analysis. Envisioning an in-vivo application for the 3D printed ZnO NP-based alginates, we studied their antibacterial properties by bacterial broth testing, cytocompatibility via live/dead assay, and moisture retention capabilities utilizing a humidity sensor. RESULTS 3D printed constructs revealed significantly greater pore sizes and enhanced structural stability compared to manually casted samples. For all samples, the addition of ZnO or TiO2 resulted in significantly stiffer gels in comparison with the alginate control. Bacterial resistance testing on Staphylococcus epidermidis indicated the addition of ZnO NPs to the gels decreased bacterial growth when compared to the alginate only gels. Cell viability of STO-fibroblasts was not adversely affected by the addition of ZnO NPs to the alginate gels. Furthermore, the addition of increasing doses of ZnO NPs to the alginate demonstrated increased humidity retention in gels. DISCUSSION The customization of 3D printed alginates containing antibacterial ZnO NPs leads to an alternative that allows accessible mobility of molecular exchange required for improving chronic wound healing. This scaffold can provide a cost-effective and durable antibacterial treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Cleetus
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX79968, USA
| | - Fabian Alvarez Primo
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX79968, USA
| | - Gisel Fregoso
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX79968, USA
| | | | - Juan C Noveron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX79968, USA
| | - Charles T Spencer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX79968, USA
| | - Chinatalapalle V Ramana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX79968, USA
| | - Binata Joddar
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX79968, USA
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10
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De R, Jung M, Lee H. Designing Microparticle-Impregnated Polyelectrolyte Composite: The Combination of ATRP, Fast Azidation, and Click Reaction Using a Single-Catalyst, Single-Pot Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5582. [PMID: 31717319 PMCID: PMC6888670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene microparticles were covalently impregnated into the networks of functional polyelectrolyte chains designed via a tandem run of three reactions: (i) synthesis of water-soluble polyelectrolyte, (ii) fast azidation and (iii) a 'click' reaction, using the single-catalyst, single-pot strategy at room temperature in mild aqueous media. The model polyelectrolyte sodium polystyrenesulfonate (NaPSS) was synthesized via the well-controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) whose halogen living-end was transformed to azide and subsequently coupled with an alkyne carboxylic acid through a 'click' reaction using the same ATRP catalyst, throughout. Halogen to azide transformation was fast and followed the radical pathway, which was explained through a plausible mechanism. Finally, the success of microparticle impregnation into the NaPSS network was evaluated through Kaiser assay and imaging. This versatile synthetic procedure, having a reduced number of discrete reaction steps and eliminated intermediate work-ups, has established a fast and simple pathway to design functional polymers required to fabricate stable polymer-particle composites where the particles are impregnated covalently and controllably.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hohjai Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea; (R.D.); (M.J.)
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