1
|
Wertman E. Essential New Complexity-Based Themes for Patient-Centered Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia and Predementia in Older People: Multimorbidity and Multilevel Phenomenology. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4202. [PMID: 39064242 PMCID: PMC11277671 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a highly prevalent condition with devastating clinical and socioeconomic sequela. It is expected to triple in prevalence by 2050. No treatment is currently known to be effective. Symptomatic late-onset dementia and predementia (SLODP) affects 95% of patients with the syndrome. In contrast to trials of pharmacological prevention, no treatment is suggested to remediate or cure these symptomatic patients. SLODP but not young onset dementia is intensely associated with multimorbidity (MUM), including brain-perturbating conditions (BPCs). Recent studies showed that MUM/BPCs have a major role in the pathogenesis of SLODP. Fortunately, most MUM/BPCs are medically treatable, and thus, their treatment may modify and improve SLODP, relieving suffering and reducing its clinical and socioeconomic threats. Regrettably, the complex system features of SLODP impede the diagnosis and treatment of the potentially remediable conditions (PRCs) associated with them, mainly due to failure of pattern recognition and a flawed diagnostic workup. We suggest incorporating two SLODP-specific conceptual themes into the diagnostic workup: MUM/BPC and multilevel phenomenological themes. By doing so, we were able to improve the diagnostic accuracy of SLODP components and optimize detecting and favorably treating PRCs. These revolutionary concepts and their implications for remediability and other parameters are discussed in the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eli Wertman
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel;
- Section of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel
- Or’ad: Organization for Cognitive and Behavioral Changes in the Elderly, Jerusalem 9458118, Israel
- Merhav Neuropsychogeriatric Clinics, Nehalim 4995000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singrang N, Nopparat C, Panmanee J, Govitrapong P. Melatonin Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis by Regulating the Amyloidogenic Pathway in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5225. [PMID: 38791263 PMCID: PMC11121645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are prevalent age-related diseases; however, the relationship between these two diseases remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ability of melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, to alleviate the effects of ischemic stroke leading to AD by observing the pathogenesis of AD hallmarks. We utilized SH-SY5Y cells under the conditions of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) to establish ischemic stroke conditions. We detected that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), an indicator of ischemic stroke, was highly upregulated at both the protein and mRNA levels under OGD conditions. Melatonin significantly downregulated both HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression under OGD/R conditions. We detected the upregulation of β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) mRNA and protein expression under both OGD and OGD/R conditions, while 10 µM of melatonin attenuated these effects and inhibited beta amyloid (Aβ) production. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OGD/R conditions were able to activate the BACE1 promoter, while melatonin inhibited this effect. The present results indicate that melatonin has a significant impact on preventing the aberrant development of ischemic stroke, which can lead to the development of AD, providing new insight into the prevention of AD and potential stroke treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Innovative Learning Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Panmanee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Belkhelfa M, Bekrar S, Rezaig L, Beder N, Touri F, Yousfi Y, Nabi H, Slimani A, Attal N, Belarbi A, Bessaha M, Touil-Boukoffa C. Neuroinflammatory Responses Occur in Brain Lesions During Alzheimer's Disease: Postmortem Case Report. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1323-1339. [PMID: 38277295 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by a gradual decrease in cognitive function and is considered a disorder in which the intensifying neuronal loss. The autopsy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of AD and non-AD dementia. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to clarify the involvement of neuroinflammation processes in brain lesions of AD. METHODS The defunct was admitted to the forensic medicine department of Issad Hassani Hospital (Algeria). In order to recover the brain, an autopsy was performed within 24 hours of death and then immediately fixed in formaldehyde to maintain structural brain integrity for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Our findings indicate the presence of tissue lesions in the specific brain regions: right middle frontal gyrus, right cingulate gyrus, right putamen and globus pallidus, right caudate nucleus, right hippocampus, inferior parietal lobule, left parahippocampal gyrus, and left hippocampus. Notably, there is a predominant occurrence of lesions: granulovacuolar degeneration, Hirano bodies, cotton-wool, and neuritic plaques. The causes of neurodegenerative processes are probably related to TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β production and iNOS expression by the NF-κB activation pathway in the R-HP, inducing necroptosis. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of neuroinflammatory responses is linked to tissue lesions in AD. The production of inflammatory cytokines is the basis of this process, which ultimately leads to the necroptosis, which is triggered by neuroinflammation amplification. The inhibition of neuroinflammation by targeting TNF-α/iNOS could stop tissue damage, this may be a promising therapeutic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Belkhelfa
- Cytokines and NO-Synthases, Immunity and Pathogenesis Team, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Samy Bekrar
- Cytokines and NO-Synthases, Immunity and Pathogenesis Team, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lina Rezaig
- Cytokines and NO-Synthases, Immunity and Pathogenesis Team, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Narimene Beder
- Cytokines and NO-Synthases, Immunity and Pathogenesis Team, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Faiza Touri
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Issad Hassani Hospital/Algiers 1 University, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Yamina Yousfi
- Department of Anatomopathology, Djillali Bounaama hospital/Saad Dahlab University, Blida, Algeria
| | - Hedia Nabi
- Department of Anatomopathology, Beni Messous Hospital/Algiers 1 University, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Assia Slimani
- Department of Anatomopathology, Beni Messous Hospital/Algiers 1 University, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nabila Attal
- Pasteur institute/Algiers 1 University, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ayed Belarbi
- Department of Anatomopathology, Djillali Bounaama hospital/Saad Dahlab University, Blida, Algeria
| | - Madjid Bessaha
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Issad Hassani Hospital/Algiers 1 University, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
- Cytokines and NO-Synthases, Immunity and Pathogenesis Team, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Noorgaldi S, Sarkala HB, Enayati A, Khori V, Zengin G, Jahanshahi M. Neuroprotective effect of Potentilla reptans L. root in the rat brain global ischemia/reperfusion model. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300363. [PMID: 37642540 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of death among neurological diseases. The protective effects of Potentilla reptans L. include antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. In this study, the brain protection and beta-amyloid effects of P. reptans root extract were investigated in the rat brain ischemia/reperfusion (IR) model. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8), including IR, sham, and three groups receiving P. reptans with concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 (g/kg/b.w.), which were injected daily for 7 days. For the IR model, the common carotid artery was occluded bilaterally for 8 min. All injections were intraperitoneal (IP). The shuttle box test was used to measure passive avoidance memory. Then the brain tissue was extracted for the histological examination of neuron counts and β-amyloid plaques using a morphometric technique, and finally, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Pretreatment with P. reptans improved memory impairment. Also, by examining the tissues of the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus areas of the hippocampus, it was observed that the number of plaques in the groups receiving P. reptans extract was reduced compared to the IR group, especially at the concentration of 0.05 g/kg/b.w. Also, P. reptans improved the number of neurons at all concentrations, in which the concentration of 0.05 g/kg/b.w. showed more effective therapeutic results. Taken together, we found that P. reptans root extract has beneficial effects on memory impairment, neuronal loss, and β-amyloid accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Noorgaldi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Badeli Sarkala
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ali DG, Bahrani AA, El Khouli RH, Gold BT, Jiang Y, Zachariou V, Wilcock DM, Jicha GA. White matter hyperintensities influence distal cortical β-amyloid accumulation in default mode network pathways. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3209. [PMID: 37534614 PMCID: PMC10570488 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, the role of SVD in potentially contributing to AD pathology is unclear. The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that WMHs influence amyloid β (Aβ) levels within connected default mode network (DMN) tracts and cortical regions in cognitively unimpaired older adults. METHODS Regional standard uptake value ratios (SUVr) from Aβ-PET and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes from three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging FLAIR images were analyzed across a sample of 72 clinically unimpaired (mini-mental state examination ≥26), older adults (mean age 74.96 and standard deviation 8.13) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI3). The association of WMH volumes in major fiber tracts projecting from cortical DMN regions and Aβ-PET SUVr in the connected cortical DMN regions was analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, ApoE, and total brain volumes. RESULTS The regression analyses demonstrate that increased WMH volumes in the superior longitudinal fasciculus were associated with increased regional SUVr in the inferior parietal lobule (p = .011). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the relation between Aβ in parietal cortex is associated with SVD in downstream white matter (WM) pathways in preclinical AD. The biological relationships and interplay between Aβ and WM microstructure alterations that precede overt WMH development across the continuum of AD progression warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa G. Ali
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Ahmed A. Bahrani
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Neurology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Riham H. El Khouli
- Department of Radiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Brian T. Gold
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Yang Jiang
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Valentinos Zachariou
- Department of Neuroscience, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Donna M. Wilcock
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Gregory A. Jicha
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Neurology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tarkowska A, Furmaga-Jabłońska W, Bogucki J, Kocki J, Pluta R. Preservation of Biomarkers Associated with Alzheimer's Disease (Amyloid Peptides 1-38, 1-40, 1-42, Tau Protein, Beclin 1) in the Blood of Neonates after Perinatal Asphyxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13292. [PMID: 37686098 PMCID: PMC10488203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia is a complex disease involving massive death of brain cells in full-term newborns. The most impressive consequence of perinatal asphyxia is a neurodegenerative brain injury called hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Management of newborns after perinatal asphyxia is very difficult due to the lack of measurable biomarkers that would be able to assess the severity of the brain injury in the future, help in the selection of therapy, assess the results of treatment and determine the prognosis for the future. Thus, these limitations make long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes unpredictable during life. Quantifying biomarkers that can detect subclinical changes at a stage where routine brain monitoring or imaging is still mute would be a major advance in the care of neonates with brain neurodegeneration after asphyxia. Understanding the effect of perinatal asphyxia on changes in blood neurodegenerative biomarkers over time, which would be commonly used to assess the severity of postpartum encephalopathy, would be an important step in developing precision in predicting the consequences of brain injuries. We urgently need more accurate early predictive markers to guide clinicians when to use neuroprotective therapy. The needed neurodegenerative biomarkers may represent neuronal pathological changes that can be recognized by new technologies such as genomic and proteomic. Nevertheless, the simultaneous blood tau protein and various amyloid changes with the addition of an autophagy marker beclin 1 after perinatal asphyxia have not been studied. We decided to evaluate serum biomarkers of neuronal injury characteristic for Alzheimer's disease such as amyloid peptides (1-38, 1-40 and 1-42), tau protein and beclin 1, which can predict the progression of brain neurodegeneration in future. In this paper, we report for the first time the significant changes in the above molecules in the blood after asphyxia compared to healthy controls during the 1-7, 8-14 and 15+ days ELISA test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Tarkowska
- Department of Neonate and Infant Pathology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.T.); (W.F.-J.)
| | - Wanda Furmaga-Jabłońska
- Department of Neonate and Infant Pathology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.T.); (W.F.-J.)
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Pluta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pluta R, Miziak B, Czuczwar SJ. Apitherapy in Post-Ischemic Brain Neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's Disease Proteinopathy: Focus on Honey and Its Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids. Molecules 2023; 28:5624. [PMID: 37570596 PMCID: PMC10420307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration of the brain after ischemia is a major cause of severe, long-term disability, dementia, and mortality, which is a global problem. These phenomena are attributed to excitotoxicity, changes in the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and ultimately neuronal death. In addition, genetic factors such as post-ischemic changes in genetic programming in the expression of amyloid protein precursor, β-secretase, presenilin-1 and -2, and tau protein play an important role in the irreversible progression of post-ischemic neurodegeneration. Since current treatment is aimed at preventing symptoms such as dementia and disability, the search for causative therapy that would be helpful in preventing and treating post-ischemic neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease proteinopathy is ongoing. Numerous studies have shown that the high contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids in honey have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-amyloid, anti-tau protein, anticholinesterase, serotonergic, and AMPAK activities, influencing signal transmission and neuroprotective effects. Notably, in many preclinical studies, flavonoids and phenolic acids, the main components of honey, were also effective when administered after ischemia, suggesting their possible use in promoting recovery in stroke patients. This review provides new insight into honey's potential to prevent brain ischemia as well as to ameliorate damage in advanced post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (B.M.); (S.J.C.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vejux A. Cell Death and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Cytoprotective Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11465. [PMID: 37511220 PMCID: PMC10380922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A neurodegenerative disease is a pathological condition affecting neurons, condemning them to death [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vejux
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, "Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism" (EA7270), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences Vie Terre et Environnement, 21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sinclair P, Kabbani N. Nicotinic receptor components of amyloid beta 42 proteome regulation in human neural cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270479. [PMID: 35960729 PMCID: PMC9374227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with chronic neurodegeneration often accompanied by elevated levels of the neurotoxic peptide amyloid-beta 1–42 (Aβ42) in the brain. Studies show that extracellular Aβ42 binds to various cell surface receptors including the human α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and activates pathways of neurotoxicity leading to cell death. The α7 nAChR is thus considered a promising drug target for therapy against neurodegenerative disease such as AD. In this study, we use mass spectrometry-based label-free precursor ion quantification to identify proteins and pathways that are changed by a 72-hour treatment with Aβ42 or Aβ42 in the presence of the α7 nAChR blocker, α-bungarotoxin (Bgtx) in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Bioinformatic gene ontology enrichment analysis was used to identify and characterize proteins and pathways altered by Aβ42 presentation. The results support evidence on the involvement of mitochondrial proteins in Aβ42 responses and define potential mechanisms of α7 nAChR mediated amyloid toxicity. These findings can inform pharmacological strategies for drug design and treatment against amyloid disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sinclair
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
- School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Molecular Hydrogen Neuroprotection in Post-Ischemic Neurodegeneration in the Form of Alzheimer's Disease Proteinopathy: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential for Clinical Implementation-Fantasy or Reality? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126591. [PMID: 35743035 PMCID: PMC9224395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a lot of public interest in naturally occurring substances with medicinal properties that are minimally toxic, readily available and have an impact on health. Over the past decade, molecular hydrogen has gained the attention of both preclinical and clinical researchers. The death of pyramidal neurons in especially the CA1 area of the hippocampus, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, amyloid accumulation, tau protein dysfunction, brain atrophy, cognitive deficits and dementia are considered an integral part of the phenomena occurring during brain neurodegeneration after ischemia. This review focuses on assessing the current state of knowledge about the neuroprotective effects of molecular hydrogen following ischemic brain injury. Recent studies in animal models of focal or global cerebral ischemia and cerebral ischemia in humans suggest that hydrogen has pleiotropic neuroprotective properties. One potential mechanism explaining some of the general health benefits of using hydrogen is that it may prevent aging-related changes in cellular proteins such as amyloid and tau protein. We also present evidence that, following ischemia, hydrogen improves cognitive and neurological deficits and prevents or delays the onset of neurodegenerative changes in the brain. The available evidence suggests that molecular hydrogen has neuroprotective properties and may be a new therapeutic agent in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as neurodegeneration following cerebral ischemia with progressive dementia. We also present the experimental and clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of hydrogen use after cerebral ischemia. The therapeutic benefits of gas therapy open up new promising directions in breaking the translational barrier in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
|
11
|
On the Common Journey of Neural Cells through Ischemic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189689. [PMID: 34575845 PMCID: PMC8472292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease (AD) both lead to cell death in the central nervous system (CNS) and thus negatively affect particularly the elderly population. Due to the lack of a definitive cure for brain ischemia and AD, it is advisable to carefully study, compare, and contrast the mechanisms that trigger, and are involved in, both neuropathologies. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may help ameliorate, or even prevent, the destructive effects of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we deal with ischemic damage and AD, with the main emphasis on the common properties of these CNS disorders. Importantly, we discuss the Wnt signaling pathway as a significant factor in the cell fate determination and cell survival in the diseased adult CNS. Finally, we summarize the interesting findings that may improve or complement the current sparse and insufficient treatments for brain ischemia and AD, and we delineate prospective directions in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu L, Zhu L, Tan J, Chen K, Yu B. Suppression of miR-130a-3p Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Dendritic Spine Loss by Promoting APP. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:601850. [PMID: 34413720 PMCID: PMC8369929 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.601850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral stroke induces neuronal dysfunction as a consequence of neuronal morphology changes. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in regulating dysfunction in stroke, yet there are still few studies examining the association between whole blood miRNAs and neuronal morphology. The present study aimed to ascertain the potential roles and mechanisms of action of miR-130a-3p in ischemic stroke. METHODS The miRNA datasets of peripheral serum in the GEO database and the mRNA datasets of the human brain after ischemia were analyzed to identify differentially expressed RNAs, and their functions were verified in cultured neurons in vitro. Furthermore, the target gene was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence experiments. The identified miRNA was further verified by the OGD test to restore neuronal changes after ischemia through APP. RESULTS The expression of whole blood miR-130a-3p was found significantly lower in participants with ischemic stroke than in controls by analyzing expression profiling datasets of cerebral ischemia stroke obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) DataSets portal, which was confirmed in the MCAO model in mice. Furthermore, GO analysis showed that miR-130a-3p might directly affect neuronal function. Indeed, we demonstrated that miR-130a-3p played a central role in the inhibition of dendritic morphogenesis and in the growth of dendritic spines in vitro. We also confirmed that miR-130a-3p could regulate the expression of APP by luciferase reporter assay, RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence experiments, which were consistent with the bioinformatic analysis. Last but not least, we also demonstrated that reducing miR-130a-3p expression partially rescued neuronal morphological changes after OGD in vitro. CONCLUSION miR-130a-3p is a potential biomarker of cerebral stroke, can affect neuronal morphology through APP, and promote the repair of neurons by promoting APP expression after cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyun Tan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shishkina GT, Kalinina TS, Gulyaeva NV, Lanshakov DA, Dygalo NN. Changes in Gene Expression and Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus after Focal Brain Ischemia: Involvement in the Long-Term Cognitive and Mental Disorders. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:657-666. [PMID: 34225589 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic brain injuries are accompanied by the long-term changes in gene expression in the hippocampus, the limbic system structure, involved in the regulation of key aspects of the higher nervous activity, such as cognitive functions and emotions. The altered expression of genes and proteins encoded by them may be related to the development of post-ischemic psycho-emotional and cognitive disturbances. Activation of neuroinflammation following stroke in the hippocampus has been suggested to play an essential role in induction of long-lasting consequences. Identification of changes in the gene expression patterns after ischemia and investigation of the dynamics of these changes in the hippocampus are the necessary first steps toward understanding molecular pathways responsible for the development of post-stroke cognitive impairments and mental pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina T Shishkina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Tatiana S Kalinina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Lanshakov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Dygalo
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alzheimer's Disease Associated Presenilin 1 and 2 Genes Dysregulation in Neonatal Lymphocytes Following Perinatal Asphyxia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105140. [PMID: 34067945 PMCID: PMC8152038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia is mainly a brain disease leading to the development of neurodegeneration, in which a number of peripheral lesions have been identified; however, little is known about the expression of key genes involved in amyloid production by peripheral cells, such as lymphocytes, during the development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. We analyzed the gene expression of the amyloid protein precursor, β-secretase, presenilin 1 and 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α by RT-PCR in the lymphocytes of post-asphyxia and control neonates. In all examined periods after asphyxia, decreased expression of the genes of the amyloid protein precursor, β-secretase and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α was noted in lymphocytes. Conversely, expression of presenilin 1 and 2 genes decreased on days 1–7 and 8–14 but increased after survival for more than 15 days. We believe that the expression of presenilin genes in lymphocytes could be a potential biomarker to determine the severity of the post-asphyxia neurodegeneration or to identify the underlying factors for brain neurodegeneration and get information about the time they occurred. This appears to be the first worldwide data on the role of the presenilin 1 and 2 genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease in the dysregulation of neonatal lymphocytes after perinatal asphyxia.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pluta R, Januszewski S, Czuczwar SJ. Brain Ischemia as a Prelude to Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:636653. [PMID: 33679381 PMCID: PMC7931451 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.636653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient ischemic brain injury causes massive neuronal death in the hippocampus of both humans and animals. This was accompanied by progressive atrophy of the hippocampus, brain cortex, and white matter lesions. Furthermore, it has been noted that neurodegenerative processes after an episode of ischemia-reperfusion in the brain can continue well-beyond the acute stage. Rarefaction of white matter was significantly increased in animals at 2 years following ischemia. Some rats that survived 2 years after ischemia developed severe brain atrophy with dementia. The profile of post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration shares a commonality with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, post-ischemic brain injury is associated with the deposition of folding proteins, such as amyloid and tau protein, in the intracellular and extracellular space. Recent studies on post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration have revealed the dysregulation of Alzheimer's disease-associated genes such as amyloid protein precursor, α-secretase, β-secretase, presenilin 1, presenilin 2, and tau protein. The latest data demonstrate that Alzheimer's disease-related proteins and their genes play a key role in the development of post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration with full-blown dementia in disease types such as Alzheimer's. Ongoing interest in the study of brain ischemia has provided evidence showing that ischemia may be involved in the development of the genotype and phenotype of Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that brain ischemia can be considered as a useful model for understanding the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland,*Correspondence: Ryszard Pluta
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pluta R, Januszewski S, Czuczwar SJ. Myricetin as a Promising Molecule for the Treatment of Post-Ischemic Brain Neurodegeneration. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020342. [PMID: 33498897 PMCID: PMC7911478 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The available drug therapy for post-ischemic neurodegeneration of the brain is symptomatic. This review provides an evaluation of possible dietary therapy for post-ischemic neurodegeneration with myricetin. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of what scientists have done regarding the benefits of myricetin in post-ischemic neurodegeneration. The data in this article contribute to a better understanding of the potential benefits of myricetin in the treatment of post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration, and inform physicians, scientists and patients, as well as their caregivers, about treatment options. Due to the pleiotropic properties of myricetin, including anti-amyloid, anti-phosphorylation of tau protein, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and autophagous, as well as increasing acetylcholine, myricetin is a promising candidate for treatment after ischemia brain neurodegeneration with full-blown dementia. In this way, it may gain interest as a potential substance for the prophylaxis of the development of post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration. It is a safe substance, commercially available, inexpensive and registered as a pro-health product in the US and Europe. Taken together, the evidence available in the review on the therapeutic potential of myricetin provides helpful insight into the potential clinical utility of myricetin in treating neurodegenerative disorders with full-blown dementia. Therefore, myricetin may be a promising complementary agent in the future against the development of post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration. Indeed, there is a scientific rationale for the use of myricetin in the prevention and treatment of brain neurodegeneration caused by ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-6086-540/6086-469
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Role of Gut Microbiota in an Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020915. [PMID: 33477609 PMCID: PMC7831313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome, the largest reservoir of microorganisms in the human body, plays an important role in neurological development and aging as well as in brain disorders such as an ischemic stroke. Increasing knowledge about mediators and triggered pathways has contributed to a better understanding of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and the brain-gut axis. Intestinal bacteria produce neuroactive compounds and can modulate neuronal function, which affects behavior after an ischemic stroke. In addition, intestinal microorganisms affect host metabolism and immune status, which in turn affects the neuronal network in the ischemic brain. Here we discuss the latest results of animal and human research on two-way communication along the gut-brain axis in an ischemic stroke. Moreover, several reports have revealed the impact of an ischemic stroke on gut dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis, highlighting the delicate play between the brain, intestines and microbiome after this acute brain injury. Despite our growing knowledge of intestinal microflora in shaping brain health, host metabolism, the immune system and disease progression, its therapeutic options in an ischemic stroke have not yet been fully utilized. This review shows the role of the gut microflora-brain axis in an ischemic stroke and assesses the potential role of intestinal microflora in the onset, progression and recovery post-stroke.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nakagomi T, Tanaka Y, Nakagomi N, Matsuyama T, Yoshimura S. How Long Are Reperfusion Therapies Beneficial for Patients after Stroke Onset? Lessons from Lethal Ischemia Following Early Reperfusion in a Mouse Model of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176360. [PMID: 32887241 PMCID: PMC7504064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke caused by cerebral artery occlusion induces neurological deficits because of cell damage or death in the central nervous system. Given the recent therapeutic advances in reperfusion therapies, some patients can now recover from an ischemic stroke with no sequelae. Currently, reperfusion therapies focus on rescuing neural lineage cells that survive in spite of decreases in cerebral blood flow. However, vascular lineage cells are known to be more resistant to ischemia/hypoxia than neural lineage cells. This indicates that ischemic areas of the brain experience neural cell death but without vascular cell death. Emerging evidence suggests that if a vascular cell-mediated healing system is present within ischemic areas following reperfusion, the therapeutic time window can be extended for patients with stroke. In this review, we present our comments on this subject based upon recent findings from lethal ischemia following reperfusion in a mouse model of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-798-45-6821; Fax: +81-798-45-6823
| | - Yasue Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Nami Nakagomi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|