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Hou T, Yang Z, Wang L, Zhang H, Ma W, Zhang D, Fan X. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in maternal zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to dibutyl phthalate at environmentally relevant level. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106980. [PMID: 38838504 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a widely-used plasticizer that is dispersed in various environments, causing significant pollution and health risks. The toxic mechanism of DBP has been discussed in recent years, while the susceptibility of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to DBP exposure and the resulting damage remain unclear. In this study, maternal zebrafish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentration of DBP for 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Results showed that DBP exposure impaired health status, leading to the reduced body length and weight, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, and gonadosomatic index. Furthermore, DBP exposure induced oxidative stress and ATP deficiency in the gill and liver in a time-dependent manner. The oxidized mtDNA (ox-mtDNA) levels in the D-loop and ND1 regions were assessed in different tissues, showing distinct response patterns. The high energy-consuming tissues such as heart, brain, gill, and liver exhibited elevated susceptibility to mitochondrial damage, with a rapid increase in ox-mtDNA levels in the short term. Conversely, in muscle, ovary, eggs, and offspring, ox-mtDNA gradually accumulated over the exposure period. Notably, the ox-mtDNA levels in the D-loop region of blood showed a prompt response to DBP exposure, making it convenient for evaluation. Additionally, decreased hatching rates, increased mortality, lipoperoxidation, and depressed swimming performance were observed in offspring following maternal DBP exposure, suggesting the inherited impairments of maternal mtDNA. These findings highlight the potential for ox-mtDNA to serve as a convenient biomarker for environmental contamination, aiding in ecological risk assessment and forewarning systems in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Xi'an 710054, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Huiqiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wenpeng Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Dingfu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoteng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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2
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Kumar M, Dubey R, Kumar Shukla P, Dayal D, Kumar Chaubey K, Tsai LW, Kumar S. Identification of small molecule inhibitors of RAD52 for breast cancer therapy: in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4605-4618. [PMID: 37288783 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) are the key regulators in maintaining the genomic integrity and mutations in these genes have been associated with development of breast and ovarian cancers. Also, synthetic lethality has been shown in BRCA1/2 deficient cancers, when the RAD52 gene is silenced by shRNA or small molecules aptamers, suggesting a role for RAD52 in the breast cancers pathogenesis. Thus, to find the potential inhibitors of RAD52, a collection of 21,000 compounds from the ChemBridge screening library was screened to conduct molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) against RAD52. Further, the results were validated by a density functional theory (DFT) analysis and using post-dynamics free energy calculations. Out of all screened molecules, the docking study revealed five compounds were found to have promising activities against RAD52. Moreover, the catalytic amino acid residues of RAD52 developed stable contacts with compound 8758 and 10593, as anticipated by DFT calculation, MD simulation, and post dynamics MM-GBSA energy calculation. It appears that compound 8758 is the best inhibitor against RAD52 followed by 10593 compared to the other top hits, in terms of the HOMO orbital energy (-1.0966 eV and -1.2136 eV) from DFT and the post dynamics binding free energy calculation (-54.71 and -52.43 Kcal/mol). Furthermore, a drug-like properties of lead molecules (8758 and 10593) were also seen via ADMET analysis. Based on our computational analysis, we hypothesize that a small molecule 8758 and 10593 possess the therapeutic potential in the management for breast cancer patients with a BRCA mutation via targeting RAD52.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Prakash Kumar Shukla
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deen Dayal
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biological and Bio-computational Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hou Y, Chu X, Park J, Zhu Q, Hussain M, Li Z, Madsen HB, Yang B, Wei Y, Wang Y, Fang EF, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Urolithin A improves Alzheimer's disease cognition and restores mitophagy and lysosomal functions. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4212-4233. [PMID: 38753870 PMCID: PMC11180933 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compromised autophagy, including impaired mitophagy and lysosomal function, plays pivotal roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Urolithin A (UA) is a gut microbial metabolite of ellagic acid that stimulates mitophagy. The effects of UA's long-term treatment of AD and mechanisms of action are unknown. METHODS We addressed these questions in three mouse models of AD with behavioral, electrophysiological, biochemical, and bioinformatic approaches. RESULTS Long-term UA treatment significantly improved learning, memory, and olfactory function in different AD transgenic mice. UA also reduced amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathologies and enhanced long-term potentiation. UA induced mitophagy via increasing lysosomal functions. UA improved cellular lysosomal function and normalized lysosomal cathepsins, primarily cathepsin Z, to restore lysosomal function in AD, indicating the critical role of cathepsins in UA-induced therapeutic effects on AD. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of lysosomal dysfunction in AD etiology and points to the high translational potential of UA. HIGHLIGHTS Long-term urolithin A (UA) treatment improved learning, memory, and olfactory function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. UA restored lysosomal functions in part by regulating cathepsin Z (Ctsz) protein. UA modulates immune responses and AD-specific pathophysiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineState Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Xixia Chu
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jae‐Hyeon Park
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineState Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mansoor Hussain
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Danish Center for Healthy Aging, ICMMUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Beimeng Yang
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yong Wei
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yue Wang
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oslo and Akershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO‐Age)OsloAkershusNorway
| | - Deborah L. Croteau
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Computational Biology & Genomics Core, LGGNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Vilhelm A. Bohr
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Danish Center for Healthy Aging, ICMMUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Wang M, Pan Z, Chu X, Yao X, Duan X, Wan J, Lou X, Li W, Yan Y, Chen L, An J, Qin Z. Chemotherapy-induced PTEN-L secretion promotes the selection of PTEN-deficient tumor cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:140. [PMID: 38730468 PMCID: PMC11088029 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTEN loss has been identified in various tumor types and is linked to unfavorable clinical outcomes. In addition to PTEN mutation, multiple mechanisms contribute to PTEN loss during tumor development. However, the natural selection process of PTEN-deficient tumor cells remains unclear. Here, we aimed at further elucidating the role of PTEN-L in tumor progression. METHODS PTEN knockout cell lines were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Ni-NTA affinity column chromatography was employed for PTEN-L purification. Tumor cell metastasis was evaluated in murine models and observed using the IVIS Spectrum Imaging System. RNA-sequencing, western blotting, PCR, flow cytometry, and cell proliferation assays were employed to investigate tumor cell dormancy and related mechanisms. RESULTS The chemotherapeutic drugs, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin, induced tumor cells to secrete PTEN-long (PTEN-L), which shields PTEN-deficient tumor cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis better than it shields PTEN-intact cells. Further investigation revealed that PTEN-L treatment induced dormancy in PTEN-null tumor cells, characterized by an increase in p16 and p27 levels, cell-cycle arrest, reduced cell proliferation, and enhanced DNA repair. Furthermore, PTEN-L treatment selectively promoted the accumulation and growth of PTEN-null tumor cells in the lungs of C57BL/6J mice, while evading immune surveillance. Mechanistically, PTEN-L induced dormancy in PTEN-null tumor cells by activating the p38 signaling pathway. Addition of a p38 inhibitor effectively reversed dormancy and growth of PTEN-deficient tumor cells in the lungs. We also demonstrated that PTEN expression played a pivotal role in determining the outcome of PTEN-L-mediated antitumor therapy. CONCLUSIONS In summary, PTEN-L was identified as a potent inducer of dormancy in PTEN-deficient tumor cells, which increased their efficient selection within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xu Chu
- The first affiliated hospital of Henan University of science and technology, Luo Yang, China
| | - Xiaohan Yao
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xixi Duan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jiajia Wan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xiaohan Lou
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Junfeng An
- Guangzhou DaAn Clinical Laboratory Center Co. Ltd, YunKang Group, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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5
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Chatterjee S, Starrett GJ. Microhomology-mediated repair machinery and its relationship with HPV-mediated oncogenesis. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29674. [PMID: 38757834 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are a diverse family of non-enveloped dsDNA viruses that infect the skin and mucosal epithelia. Persistent HPV infections can lead to cancer frequently involving integration of the virus into the host genome, leading to sustained oncogene expression and loss of capsid and genome maintenance proteins. Microhomology-mediated double-strand break repair, a DNA double-stranded breaks repair pathway present in many organisms, was initially thought to be a backup but it's now seen as vital, especially in homologous recombination-deficient contexts. Increasing evidence has identified microhomology (MH) near HPV integration junctions, suggesting MH-mediated repair pathways drive integration. In this comprehensive review, we present a detailed summary of both the mechanisms underlying MH-mediated repair and the evidence for its involvement in HPV integration in cancer. Lastly, we highlight the involvement of these processes in the integration of other DNA viruses and the broader implications on virus lifecycles and host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriel J Starrett
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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6
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Ma M, Jiang W, Zhou R. DAMPs and DAMP-sensing receptors in inflammation and diseases. Immunity 2024; 57:752-771. [PMID: 38599169 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger molecules produced in cellular damage or stress, and they can activate the innate immune system. DAMPs contain multiple types of molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, ions, glycans, and metabolites. Although these endogenous molecules do not trigger immune response under steady-state condition, they may undergo changes in distribution, physical or chemical property, or concentration upon cellular damage or stress, and then they become DAMPs that can be sensed by innate immune receptors to induce inflammatory response. Thus, DAMPs play an important role in inflammation and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the conversion of homeostatic molecules into DAMPs; the diverse nature and classification, cellular origin, and sensing of DAMPs; and their role in inflammation and related diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical strategies to treat DAMP-associated diseases via targeting DAMP-sensing receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China; Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
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7
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Rimini M, Loi E, Rizzato MD, Pressiani T, Vivaldi C, Gusmaroli E, Antonuzzo L, Martinelli E, Garajova I, Giordano G, Lucchetti J, Schirripa M, Cornara N, Rossari F, Vitiello F, Amadeo E, Persano M, Piva VM, Balsano R, Salani F, Pircher C, Cascinu S, Niger M, Fornaro L, Rimassa L, Lonardi S, Scartozzi M, Zavattari P, Casadei-Gardini A. Different Genomic Clusters Impact on Responses in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer Treated with Cisplatin Plus Gemcitabine Plus Durvalumab. Target Oncol 2024; 19:223-235. [PMID: 38345693 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-024-01032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results reported in the TOPAZ-1 phase III trial led to the approval of the combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine with durvalumab as the new first-line standard of care for patients with locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. OBJECTIVE We performed a clustering analysis to classify patients into different groups based on their mutation profile, correlating the results of the analysis with clinical outcomes. METHODS We selected 51 patients with cholangiocarcinoma who were treated with the combination of chemotherapy and durvalumab and who were screened using the next-generation sequencing-based FoundationOne gene panel. We conducted mutation-based clustering of tumors and a survival analysis. RESULTS Three main clusters were identified. Cluster 1 is mostly characterized by mutations in genes belonging to the chromatin modification pathway, altered in 100% of patients. Cluster 2 is characterized by the alteration of several pathways, among which DNA damage control, chromatin modification, RTK/RAS, cell-cycle apoptosis, TP53, and PI3K were the most affected. Finally, most altered pathways in cluster 3 were RTK/RAS and cell-cycle apoptosis. Overall response rate was 4/13 (31%), 12/24 (50%), and 0/10 (0%) in cluster 1, cluster 2, and cluster 3, respectively, and the difference between the three clusters was statistically significant (p = 0.0188). CONCLUSIONS By grouping patients into three clusters with distinct molecular and genomic alterations, our analysis showed that patients included in cluster 2 had higher overall response rates, whereas patients included in cluster 3 had no objective response. Further investigations on larger and external cohorts are needed in order to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rimini
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina n. 60, Milan, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Loi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Domenico Rizzato
- Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV, IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pressiani
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gusmaroli
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ingrid Garajova
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Guido Giordano
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Policlinico Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Jessica Lucchetti
- Division of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese Snc, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Noemi Cornara
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina n. 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Rossari
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina n. 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitiello
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina n. 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Amadeo
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina n. 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Persano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Matilde Piva
- Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV, IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rita Balsano
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Salani
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research "Health Science", Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Pircher
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina n. 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Niger
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fornaro
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV, IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zavattari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina n. 60, Milan, Italy
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8
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Zayoud K, Chikhaoui A, Kraoua I, Tebourbi A, Najjar D, Ayari S, Safra I, Kraiem I, Turki I, Menif S, Yacoub-Youssef H. Immunity in the Progeroid Model of Cockayne Syndrome: Biomarkers of Pathological Aging. Cells 2024; 13:402. [PMID: 38474366 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that affects the DNA repair process. It is a progeroid syndrome predisposing patients to accelerated aging and to increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. Here, we studied the immune status of CS patients to determine potential biomarkers associated with pathological aging. CS patients, as well as elderly and young, healthy donors, were enrolled in this study. Complete blood counts for patients and donors were assessed, immune cell subsets were analyzed using flow cytometry, and candidate cytokines were analyzed via multi-analyte ELISArray kits. In CS patients, we noticed a high percentage of lymphocytes, an increased rate of intermediate and non-classical monocytes, and a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8. In addition, we identified an increased rate of particular subtypes of T Lymphocyte CD8+ CD28- CD27-, which are senescent T cells. Thus, an inflammatory state was found in CS patients that is similar to that observed in the elderly donors and is associated with an immunosenescence status in both groups. This could explain the CS patients' increased susceptibility to infections, which is partly due to an aging-associated inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Zayoud
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Asma Chikhaoui
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Ichraf Kraoua
- Department of Neuropediatrics, National Institute of Neurology Mongi Ben Hamida, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Anis Tebourbi
- Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa 2070, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Najjar
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Saker Ayari
- Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa 2070, Tunisia
| | - Ines Safra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology (LR16IPT07), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Imen Kraiem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology (LR16IPT07), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Turki
- Department of Neuropediatrics, National Institute of Neurology Mongi Ben Hamida, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Samia Menif
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology (LR16IPT07), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Houda Yacoub-Youssef
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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Lin Q, Zeng R, Yang J, Xu Z, Jin S, Wei G. Prognostic stratification of sepsis through DNA damage response based RiskScore system: insights from single-cell RNA-sequencing and transcriptomic profiling. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345321. [PMID: 38404591 PMCID: PMC10884272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A novel risk scoring system, predicated on DNA damage response (DDR), was developed to enhance prognostic predictions and potentially inform the creation of more effective therapeutic protocols for sepsis. Methods To thoroughly delineate the expression profiles of DDR markers within the context of sepsis, an analytical approach utilizing single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) was implemented. Our study utilized single-cell analysis techniques alongside weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to pinpoint the genes that exhibit the most substantial associations with DNA damage response (DDR). Through Cox proportional hazards LASSO regression, we distinguished DDR-associated genes and established a risk model, enabling the stratification of patients into high- and low-risk groups. Subsequently, we carried out an analysis to determine our model's predictive accuracy regarding patient survival. Moreover, we examined the distinct biological characteristics, various signal transduction routes, and immune system responses in sepsis patients, considering different risk categories and outcomes related to survival. Lastly, we conducted experimental validation of the identified genes through in vivo and in vitro assays, employing RT-PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Results Both single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk transcriptomic analyses have demonstrated a strong correlation between DNA damage response (DDR) levels and sepsis prognosis. Specific cell subtypes, including monocytes, megakaryocytes, CD4+ T cells, and neutrophils, have shown elevated DDR activity. Cells with increased DDR scores exhibited more robust and numerous interactions with other cell populations. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and single-cell analyses revealed 71 DDR-associated genes. We developed a four-gene risk scoring system using ARL4C, CD247, RPL7, and RPL31, identified through univariate COX, LASSO COX regression, and log-rank (Mantel-Cox) tests. Nomograms, calibration plots, and decision curve analyses (DCA) regarding these specific genes have provided significant clinical benefits for individuals diagnosed with sepsis. The study suggested that individuals categorized as lower-risk demonstrated enhanced infiltration of immune cells, upregulated expression of immune regulators, and a more prolific presence of immune-associated functionalities and pathways. RT-qPCR analyses on a sepsis rat model revealed differential gene expression predominantly in the four targeted genes. Furthermore, ARL4C knockdown in sepsis model in vivo and vitro caused increased inflammatory response and a worse prognosis. Conclusion The delineated DDR expression landscape offers insights into sepsis pathogenesis, whilst our riskScore model, based on a robust four-gene signature, could underpin personalized sepsis treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guan Wei
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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10
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Cappellucci G, Baini G, Miraldi E, Pauletto L, De Togni H, Raso F, Biagi M. Investigation on the Efficacy of Two Food Supplements Containing a Fixed Combination of Selected Probiotics and β-Glucans or Elderberry Extract for the Immune System: Modulation on Cytokines Expression in Human THP-1 and PBMC. Foods 2024; 13:458. [PMID: 38338593 PMCID: PMC10855234 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Several herbal and other natural products are used as ingredients in food supplements to strengthen immunity even if, very often, marketed products are proposed without a clear rationale or experimental evidence. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect on human monocytes (THP-1) and on ex vivo human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of two formulations, one containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04® with β-glucans (for adults) and one containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 with elderberry extract (for children). We compared formulations with single ingredients, with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the drug pidotimod; cytokines expression level was evaluated testing different concentrations of samples at two exposure times. As expected, LPS caused a non-specific huge upregulation of cytokines expression both in THP-1 and in PBMC, whereas pidotimod mainly upregulated IL-2 in PBMC and IL-8 in THP-1. The two formulations showed a difference between a pro-inflammatory stimulus such as LPS, and also from an immunostimulant drug, such as pidotimod, as they mainly upregulated the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 in PBMC but not in THP-1, in a concentration-dependent mode. Probiotics were shown to play a major role, but β-glucans and elderberry extract exerted a synergistic activity. This work demonstrated that combining selected probiotics with other natural products having immunomodulatory properties is an interesting strategy to develop innovative formulations in the sector of food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cappellucci
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (G.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Giulia Baini
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (G.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Miraldi
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (G.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Lara Pauletto
- Scientific Affairs Department Schwabe Pharma Italia, 39044 Egna, Italy; (L.P.); (H.D.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Heide De Togni
- Scientific Affairs Department Schwabe Pharma Italia, 39044 Egna, Italy; (L.P.); (H.D.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Floriana Raso
- Scientific Affairs Department Schwabe Pharma Italia, 39044 Egna, Italy; (L.P.); (H.D.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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11
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Jin Y, Li Y, He S, Ge Y, Zhao Y, Zhu K, He A, Li S, Yan S, Cao C. ATM participates in fine particulate matter-induced airway inflammation through regulating DNA damage and DNA damage response. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2668-2678. [PMID: 37483094 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and chronic airway inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, have garnered public attention, while the detailed mechanisms of PM2.5-induced airway inflammation remain unclear. This study reveals that PM2.5 induces airway inflammation both in vivo and in vitro, and, moreover, identifies DNA damage and DNA damage repair (DDR) as results of this exposure. Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated heterozygous (ATM+/- ) and wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) mice were exposed to PM2.5. The results show that, following exposure to PM2.5, the number of neutrophils in broncho alveolar lavage fluid and the mRNA expression of CXCL-1 in lung tissues of the ATM+/- mice were lower than those of the WT mice. The mRNA expression of FANCD2 and FANCI were also down-regulated. Human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were transfected with ATM-siRNA to induce down-regulation of ATM gene expression and were subsequently stimulated with PM2.5. The results show that the mRNA expression of TNF-α decreased in the ATM-siRNA-transfected cells. The mRNA expression of CXCL-1 and CXCL-2 in peritoneal macrophages, derived from ATM-null mice in which experiments showed that the protein expression of FANCD2 and FANCI decreased, were also decreased after PM2.5 exposure in ATM-siRNA-transfected HBE cells. In conclusion, PM2.5-induced airway inflammation is alleviated in ATM+/- mice compared with WT mice. ATM promotes PM2.5-induced airway inflammation, which may be attributed to the regulation of DNA damage and DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shiyi He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yijun Ge
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Andong He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Siyu Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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12
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Lewicky JD, Martel AL, Gupta MR, Roy R, Rodriguez GM, Vanderhyden BC, Le HT. Conventional DNA-Damaging Cancer Therapies and Emerging cGAS-STING Activation: A Review and Perspectives Regarding Immunotherapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4127. [PMID: 37627155 PMCID: PMC10453198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many traditional cancer treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy are known to induce cellular DNA damage as part of their cytotoxic activity. The cGAS-STING signaling axis, a key member of the DNA damage response that acts as a sensor of foreign or aberrant cytosolic DNA, is helping to rationalize the DNA-damaging activity of these treatments and their emerging immunostimulatory capacity. Moreover, cGAS-STING, which is attracting considerable attention for its ability to promote antitumor immune responses, may fundamentally be able to address many of the barriers limiting the success of cancer immunotherapy strategies, including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, we review the traditional cancer therapies that have been linked with cGAS-STING activation, highlighting their targets with respect to their role and function in the DNA damage response. As part of the review, an emerging "chemoimmunotherapy" concept whereby DNA-damaging agents are used for the indirect activation of STING is discussed as an alternative to the direct molecular agonism strategies that are in development, but have yet to achieve clinical approval. The potential of this approach to address some of the inherent and emerging limitations of cGAS-STING signaling in cancer immunotherapy is also discussed. Ultimately, it is becoming clear that in order to successfully employ the immunotherapeutic potential of the cGAS-STING axis, a balance between its contrasting antitumor and protumor/inflammatory activities will need to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Lewicky
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada; (J.D.L.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Alexandrine L. Martel
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada; (J.D.L.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Mukul Raj Gupta
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (M.R.G.); (R.R.)
| | - René Roy
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (M.R.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Galaxia M. Rodriguez
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (G.M.R.); (B.C.V.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Barbara C. Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (G.M.R.); (B.C.V.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hoang-Thanh Le
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada; (J.D.L.); (A.L.M.)
- Medicinal Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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13
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Yoo KH, Park DJ, Choi JH, Marianayagam NJ, Lim M, Meola A, Chang SD. Optimizing the synergy between stereotactic radiosurgery and immunotherapy for brain metastases. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1223599. [PMID: 37637032 PMCID: PMC10456862 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1223599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors metastasizing to the brain are a frequent occurrence with an estimated incidence of approximately 30% of all cases. The longstanding conventional standard of care comprises surgical resection and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT); however, this approach is associated with limited long-term survival and local control outcomes. Consequently, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has emerged as a potential alternative approach. The primary aim of SRS has been to improve long-term control rates. Nevertheless, rare observations of abscopal or out-of-field effects have sparked interest in the potential to elicit antitumor immunity via the administration of high-dose radiation. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has traditionally posed a significant challenge to the efficacy of systemic therapy in managing intracranial metastasis. However, recent insights into the immune-brain interface and the development of immunotherapeutic agents have shown promise in preclinical and early-phase clinical trials. Researchers have investigated combining immunotherapy with SRS to enhance treatment outcomes in patients with brain metastasis. The combination approach aims to optimize long-term control and overall survival (OS) outcomes by leveraging the synergistic effects of both therapies. Initial findings have been encouraging in the management of various intracranial metastases, while further studies are required to determine the optimal order of administration, radiation doses, and fractionation regimens that have the potential for the best tumor response. Currently, several clinical trials are underway to assess the safety and efficacy of administering immunotherapeutic agents concurrently or consecutively with SRS. In this review, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and drawbacks of integrating immunotherapy into conventional SRS protocols for the treatment of intracranial metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven D. Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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14
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Franza M, Albanesi J, Mancini B, Pennisi R, Leone S, Acconcia F, Bianchi F, di Masi A. The clinically relevant CHK1 inhibitor MK-8776 induces the degradation of the oncogenic protein PML-RARα and overcomes ATRA resistance in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115675. [PMID: 37406967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a hematological disease characterized by the expression of the oncogenic fusion protein PML-RARα. The current treatment approach for APL involves differentiation therapy using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). However, the development of resistance to therapy, occurrence of differentiation syndrome, and relapses necessitate the exploration of new treatment options that induce differentiation of leukemic blasts with low toxicity. In this study, we investigated the cellular and molecular effects of MK-8776, a specific inhibitor of CHK1, in ATRA-resistant APL cells. Treatment of APL cells with MK-8776 resulted in a decrease in PML-RARα levels, increased expression of CD11b, and increased granulocytic activity consistent with differentiation. Interestingly, we showed that the MK-8776-induced differentiating effect resulted synergic with ATO. We found that the reduction of PML-RARα by MK-8776 was dependent on both proteasome and caspases. Specifically, both caspase-1 and caspase-3 were activated by CHK1 inhibition, with caspase-3 acting upstream of caspase-1. Activation of caspase-3 was necessary to activate caspase-1 and promote PML-RARα degradation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant modulation of pathways and upstream regulators involved in the inflammatory response and cell cycle control upon MK-8776 treatment. Overall, the ability of MK-8776 to induce PML-RARα degradation and stimulate differentiation of immature APL cancer cells into more mature forms recapitulates the concept of differentiation therapy. Considering the in vivo tolerability of MK-8776, it will be relevant to evaluate its potential clinical benefit in APL patients resistant to standard ATRA/ATO therapy, as well as in patients with other forms of acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Franza
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - Jacopo Albanesi
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mancini
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosa Pennisi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Leone
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - Filippo Acconcia
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy.
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15
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Araki D, Chen V, Redekar N, Salisbury-Ruf C, Luo Y, Liu P, Li Y, Smith RH, Dagur P, Combs C, Larochelle A. Post-Transplant Administration of G-CSF Impedes Engraftment of Gene Edited Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Exacerbating the p53-Mediated DNA Damage Response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.29.547089. [PMID: 37425704 PMCID: PMC10327043 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is commonly used as adjunct treatment to hasten recovery from neutropenia following chemotherapy and autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for malignant disorders. However, the utility of G-CSF administration after ex vivo gene therapy procedures targeting human HSPCs has not been thoroughly evaluated. Here, we provide evidence that post-transplant administration of G-CSF impedes engraftment of CRISPR-Cas9 gene edited human HSPCs in xenograft models. G-CSF acts by exacerbating the p53-mediated DNA damage response triggered by Cas9- mediated DNA double-stranded breaks. Transient p53 inhibition in culture attenuates the negative impact of G-CSF on gene edited HSPC function. In contrast, post-transplant administration of G-CSF does not impair the repopulating properties of unmanipulated human HSPCs or HSPCs genetically engineered by transduction with lentiviral vectors. The potential for post-transplant G-CSF administration to aggravate HSPC toxicity associated with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing should be considered in the design of ex vivo autologous HSPC gene editing clinical trials.
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16
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Zhang W, Zhong R, Qu X, Xiang Y, Ji M. Effect of 8-Hydroxyguanine DNA Glycosylase 1 on the Function of Immune Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1300. [PMID: 37372030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause an imbalance between oxidation and anti-oxidation, leading to the occurrence of oxidative stress in the body. The most common product of ROS-induced base damage is 8-hydroxyguanine (8-oxoG). Failure to promptly remove 8-oxoG often causes mutations during DNA replication. 8-oxoG is cleared from cells by the 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1)-mediated oxidative damage base excision repair pathway so as to prevent cells from suffering dysfunction due to oxidative stress. Physiological immune homeostasis and, in particular, immune cell function are vulnerable to oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that inflammation, aging, cancer, and other diseases are related to an imbalance in immune homeostasis caused by oxidative stress. However, the role of the OGG1-mediated oxidative damage repair pathway in the activation and maintenance of immune cell function is unknown. This review summarizes the current understanding of the effect of OGG1 on immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ranwei Zhong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ming Ji
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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Zarrella K, Longmire P, Zeltzer S, Collins-McMillen D, Hancock M, Buehler J, Reitsma JM, Terhune SS, Nelson JA, Goodrum F. Human cytomegalovirus UL138 interaction with USP1 activates STAT1 in infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011185. [PMID: 37289831 PMCID: PMC10284425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses are crucial for limiting virus infection. However, viruses often hijack our best defenses for viral objectives. Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a beta herpesvirus which establishes a life-long latent infection. Defining the virus-host interactions controlling latency and reactivation is vital to the control of viral disease risk posed by virus reactivation. We defined an interaction between UL138, a pro-latency HCMV gene, and the host deubiquitinating complex, UAF1-USP1. UAF1 is a scaffold protein pivotal for the activity of ubiquitin specific peptidases (USP), including USP1. UAF1-USP1 sustains an innate immune response through the phosphorylation and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (pSTAT1), as well as regulates the DNA damage response. After the onset of viral DNA synthesis, pSTAT1 levels are elevated in infection and this depends upon UL138 and USP1. pSTAT1 localizes to viral centers of replication, binds to the viral genome, and influences UL138 expression. Inhibition of USP1 results in a failure to establish latency, marked by increased viral genome replication and production of viral progeny. Inhibition of Jak-STAT signaling also results in increased viral genome synthesis in hematopoietic cells, consistent with a role for USP1-mediated regulation of STAT1 signaling in the establishment of latency. These findings demonstrate the importance of the UL138-UAF1-USP1 virus-host interaction in regulating HCMV latency establishment through the control of innate immune signaling. It will be important going forward to distinguish roles of UAF1-USP1 in regulating pSTAT1 relative to its role in the DNA damage response in HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Zarrella
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Pierce Longmire
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Zeltzer
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | | | - Meaghan Hancock
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jason Buehler
- Imanis Life Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Justin M. Reitsma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Abbvie, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Scott S. Terhune
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jay A. Nelson
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Felicia Goodrum
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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18
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Faeq MH, Al-Haideri M, Mohammad TAM, Gharebakhshi F, Marofi F, Tahmasebi S, Modaresahmadi S. CAR-modified immune cells as a rapidly evolving approach in the context of cancer immunotherapies. Med Oncol 2023; 40:155. [PMID: 37083979 PMCID: PMC10119530 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the main challenges clinicians face is malignancies. Through the progression of technology in recent years, tumor nature and tumor microenvironment (TME) can be better understood. Because of immune system involvement in tumorigenesis and immune cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment, clinicians encounter significant challenges in patient treatment and normal function recovery. The tumor microenvironment can stop the development of tumor antigen-specific helper and cytotoxic T cells in the tumor invasion process. Tumors stimulate the production of proinflammatory and immunosuppressive factors and cells that inhibit immune responses. Despite the more successful outcomes, the current cancer therapeutic approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have not been effective enough for tumor eradication. Hence, developing new treatment strategies such as monoclonal antibodies, adaptive cell therapies, cancer vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and cytokines helps improve cancer treatment. Among adoptive cell therapies, the interaction between the immune system and malignancies and using molecular biology led to the development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. CAR-modified immune cells are one of the modern cancer therapeutic methods with encouraging outcomes in most hematological and solid cancers. The current study aimed to discuss the structure, formation, subtypes, and application of CAR immune cells in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hikmat Faeq
- Student of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maysoon Al-Haideri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Talar Ahmad Merza Mohammad
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Farshad Gharebakhshi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shadan Modaresahmadi
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Siences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
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Barbeiro CDO, Fernandes D, Palaçon MP, Castilho RM, de Almeida LY, Bufalino A. Inflammatory Cells Can Alter the Levels of H3K9ac and γH2AX in Dysplastic Cells and Favor Tumor Phenotype. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040662. [PMID: 37109048 PMCID: PMC10141380 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are clinical presentations that carry an increased risk of cancer development. Currently, epithelial dysplasia grade is based on architectural and cytological epithelial changes and is used to predict the malignant transformation of these lesions. However, predicting which OPMD will progress to a malignant tumor is very challenging. Inflammatory infiltrates can favor cancer development, and recent studies suggest that this association with OPMD lesions may be related to the etiology and/or aggressive clinical behavior of these lesions. Epigenetic changes such as histone modifications may mediate chronic inflammation and also favor tumor cells in immune resistance and evasion. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between histone acetylation (H3K9ac) and DNA damage in the context of dysplastic lesions with prominent chronic inflammation. Immunofluorescence of "low-risk" and "high-risk" OPMD lesions (n = 24) and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (n = 10) as the control group was performed to assess histone acetylation levels and DNA damage through the phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX). Cell co-culture assays with PBMCs and oral keratinocyte cell lines (NOK-SI, DOK, and SCC-25) were performed to assess proliferation, adhesion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Oral dysplastic lesions showed a hypoacetylation of H3K9 and low levels of γH2AX compared to control. The contact of dysplastic oral keratinocytes with PBMCs favored EMT and the loss of cell-cell adhesion. On the other hand, p27 levels increased and cyclin E decreased in DOK, indicating cell cycle arrest. We conclude that the presence of chronic inflammation associated to dysplastic lesions is capable of promoting epigenetic alterations, which in turn can favor the process of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Oliveira Barbeiro
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Darcy Fernandes
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Paravani Palaçon
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, 1011N University Av, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
| | - Luciana Yamamoto de Almeida
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia Bufalino
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
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20
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Pezone A, Olivieri F, Napoli MV, Procopio A, Avvedimento EV, Gabrielli A. Inflammation and DNA damage: cause, effect or both. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:200-211. [PMID: 36750681 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological response involving immune cells, blood vessels and mediators induced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells or chemicals. Unresolved (chronic) inflammation is characterized by the secretion of cytokines that maintain inflammation and redox stress. Mitochondrial or nuclear redox imbalance induces DNA damage, which triggers the DNA damage response (DDR) that is orchestrated by ATM and ATR kinases, which modify gene expression and metabolism and, eventually, establish the senescent phenotype. DDR-mediated senescence is induced by the signalling proteins p53, p16 and p21, which arrest the cell cycle in G1 or G2 and promote cytokine secretion, producing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescence and inflammation phenotypes are intimately associated, but highly heterogeneous because they vary according to the cell type that is involved. The vicious cycle of inflammation, DNA damage and DDR-mediated senescence, along with the constitutive activation of the immune system, is the core of an evolutionarily conserved circuitry, which arrests the cell cycle to reduce the accumulation of mutations generated by DNA replication during redox stress caused by infection or inflammation. Evidence suggests that specific organ dysfunctions in apparently unrelated diseases of autoimmune, rheumatic, degenerative and vascular origins are caused by inflammation resulting from DNA damage-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pezone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinica di Medicina di Laboratorio e di Precisione, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Napoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinica di Medicina di Laboratorio e di Precisione, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrico Vittorio Avvedimento
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del C.N.R., Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Fondazione di Medicina Molecolare e Terapia Cellulare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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21
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Du M, Gu D, Xin J, Peters U, Song M, Cai G, Li S, Ben S, Meng Y, Chu H, Chen L, Wang Q, Zhu L, Fu Z, Zhang Z, Wang M. Integrated multi-omics approach to distinct molecular characterization and classification of early-onset colorectal cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100974. [PMID: 36921601 PMCID: PMC10040411 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined by a diagnosed age under 50 years, is increasing, but its heterogeneous etiologies that differ from general CRC remain undetermined. We initially characterize the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome of tumors from 79 patients in a Chinese CRC cohort. Data for an additional 126 EOCRC subjects are obtained from the International Cancer Genome Consortium Chinese cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas European cohort. We observe that early-onset tumors have a high tumor mutation burden; increased DNA repair features by mutational signature 3 and multi-layer pathway enrichments; strong perturbations at effects of DNA methylation and somatic copy-number alteration on gene expression; and upregulated immune infiltration as hot tumors underlying immunophenotypes. Notably, LMTK3 exhibits ancestral mutation disparity, potentially being a functional modulator and biomarker that drives molecular alterations in EOCRC development and immunotherapies. This integrative omics study provides valuable knowledge for precision oncology of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Junyi Xin
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guoshuai Cai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Shuai Ben
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yixuan Meng
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lianmin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215005, China.
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22
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Xu Y, Nowsheen S, Deng M. DNA Repair Deficiency Regulates Immunity Response in Cancers: Molecular Mechanism and Approaches for Combining Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051619. [PMID: 36900418 PMCID: PMC10000854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair pathways can lead to genomic instability in multiple tumor types, which contributes to tumor immunogenicity. Inhibition of DNA damage response (DDR) has been reported to increase tumor susceptibility to anticancer immunotherapy. However, the interplay between DDR and the immune signaling pathways remains unclear. In this review, we will discuss how a deficiency in DDR affects anti-tumor immunity, highlighting the cGAS-STING axis as an important link. We will also review the clinical trials that combine DDR inhibition and immune-oncology treatments. A better understanding of these pathways will help exploit cancer immunotherapy and DDR pathways to improve treatment outcomes for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.D.)
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23
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Xian H, Karin M. Oxidized mitochondrial DNA: a protective signal gone awry. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:188-200. [PMID: 36739208 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the emergence of mitochondria as key regulators of innate immunity, the mechanisms underlying the generation and release of immunostimulatory alarmins by stressed mitochondria remains nebulous. We propose that the major mitochondrial alarmin in myeloid cells is oxidized mitochondrial DNA (Ox-mtDNA). Fragmented Ox-mtDNA enters the cytosol where it activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and generates IL-1β, IL-18, and cGAS-STING to induce type I interferons and interferon-stimulated genes. Inflammasome activation further enables the circulatory release of Ox-mtDNA by opening gasdermin D pores. We summarize new data showing that, in addition to being an autoimmune disease biomarker, Ox-mtDNA converts beneficial transient inflammation into long-lasting immunopathology. We discuss how Ox-mtDNA induces short- and long-term immune activation, and highlight its homeostatic and immunopathogenic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Xian
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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24
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Cheema AK, Li Y, Ventimiglia M, Kowalczyk K, Hankins R, Bandi G, Janowski EM, Grindrod S, Villagra A, Dritschilo A. Radiotherapy Induces Innate Immune Responses in Patients Treated for Prostate Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:921-929. [PMID: 36508164 PMCID: PMC9975665 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is a curative therapeutic modality used to treat cancers as a single agent or in combination with surgery and chemotherapy. Advanced radiotherapy technologies enable treatment with large fractions and highly conformal radiation doses to effect free-radical damage to cellular DNA leading to cell-cycle arrest, cell death, and innate immune response (IIR) stimulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To understand systemic clinical responses after radiation exposure, proteomic and metabolomic analyses were performed on plasma obtained from patients with cancer at intervals after prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy. Pathway and multivariate analyses were used to delineate molecular alterations following radiotherapy and its correlation with clinical outcomes. RESULTS DNA damage response increased within the first hour after treatment and returned to baseline by 1 month. IIR signaling also increased within 1 hour of treatment but persisted for up to 3 months thereafter. Furthermore, robust IIR and metabolite elevations, consistent with an early proinflammatory M1-mediated innate immune activation, were observed in patients in remission, whereas patients experiencing prostate serum antigen-determined disease progression demonstrated less robust immune responses and M2-mediated metabolite elevations. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, these data are the first report of longitudinal proteomic and metabolomic molecular responses in patients after radiotherapy for cancers. The data supports innate immune activation as a critical clinical response of patients receiving radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Furthermore, we propose that the observed IIR may be generalized to the treatment of other cancer types, potentially informing multidisciplinary therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita K. Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
- Corresponding Author: Amrita K. Cheema, GC2, Pre-clinical Science Building, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC 20007. Phone: 202-687-2756; E-mail:
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Mary Ventimiglia
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Keith Kowalczyk
- Department of Radiation Medicine, LL Bles, MedStar-Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC
| | - Ryan Hankins
- Department of Radiation Medicine, LL Bles, MedStar-Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC
| | - Gaurav Bandi
- Department of Radiation Medicine, LL Bles, MedStar-Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC
| | - Einsley-Marie Janowski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Alejandro Villagra
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Anatoly Dritschilo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, LL Bles, MedStar-Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC
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25
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Khan A, Waqas M, Tufail M, Halim SA, Murad W, Ahmad SU, Faheem M, Uddin J, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. In silico scanning of structural and functional deleterious nsSNPs in Arabidopsis thaliana's SOG1 protein, using molecular dynamic simulation approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11629-11646. [PMID: 36734218 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2174187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Suppressor of gamma response 1 (SOG1) is a member of the NAC domain family transcription factors of the DNA damage response (DDR) signaling in the plant's genome. SOG1 is directly involved in transcriptional response to DNA damage, cell cycle checkpoints and ATR or ATM-mediated activation of the DNA damage responses and repair functioning in programmed cell death and regulation of end reduplication. Different mutations in the SOG1 protein lead to severe diseases and, ultimately, cell death. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are an important type of genetic alteration that cause different diseases or programmed cell death. The current study applied different computational approaches to Arabidopsis thaliana L. SOG1 protein to identify the potential deleterious nsSNPs and monitor their impact on the structure, function and protein stability. Various bioinformatics tools were applied to analyze the retrieved 34 nsSNPs and interestingly extracted four deleterious nsSNPs, that is, ensvath13968004 (Q166L), tmp18998388 (P159L), ensvath01103049 (K199N) and tmp18998295 (Y190F). For example, homology modeling, conservation and conformational analysis of the mutant's models were considered to scrutinize the deviations of these variants from the native SOG1 structure. All atoms molecular dynamic simulation confirmed the significance of these mutations on the protein stability, residual and structural conformation, compactness, surface conformation, dominant motion, Gibbs free energy distribution and dynamic effects. Similarly, protein-protein interaction revealed that SOG1 operates as a hub-linking cluster of various proteins, and any changes in the SOG1 might result in the disassociation of several signal transduction cascades.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khan
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Dhodial, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Waheed Murad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Syed Umair Ahmad
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Dhodial, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, The Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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26
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Langdon CG. Nuclear PTEN's Functions in Suppressing Tumorigenesis: Implications for Rare Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020259. [PMID: 36830628 PMCID: PMC9953540 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) encodes a tumor-suppressive phosphatase with both lipid and protein phosphatase activity. The tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN are lost through a variety of mechanisms across a wide spectrum of human malignancies, including several rare cancers that affect pediatric and adult populations. Originally discovered and characterized as a negative regulator of the cytoplasmic, pro-oncogenic phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, PTEN is also localized to the nucleus where it can exert tumor-suppressive functions in a PI3K pathway-independent manner. Cancers can usurp the tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN to promote oncogenesis by disrupting homeostatic subcellular PTEN localization. The objective of this review is to describe the changes seen in PTEN subcellular localization during tumorigenesis, how PTEN enters the nucleus, and the spectrum of impacts and consequences arising from disrupted PTEN nuclear localization on tumor promotion. This review will highlight the immediate need in understanding not only the cytoplasmic but also the nuclear functions of PTEN to gain more complete insights into how important PTEN is in preventing human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey G. Langdon
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(843)-792-9289
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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27
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Song JX, Villagomes D, Zhao H, Zhu M. cGAS in nucleus: The link between immune response and DNA damage repair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1076784. [PMID: 36591232 PMCID: PMC9797516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1076784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first barrier of host defense, innate immunity sets up the parclose to keep out external microbial or virus attacks. Depending on the type of pathogens, several cytoplasm pattern recognition receptors exist to sense the attacks from either foreign or host origins, triggering the immune response to battle with the infections. Among them, cGAS-STING is the major pathway that mainly responds to microbial DNA, DNA virus infections, or self-DNA, which mainly comes from genome instability by-product or released DNA from the mitochondria. cGAS was initially found functional in the cytoplasm, although intriguing evidence indicates that cGAS exists in the nucleus where it is involved in the DNA damage repair process. Because the close connection between DNA damage response and immune response and cGAS recognizes DNA in length-dependent but DNA sequence-independent manners, it is urgent to clear the function balance of cGAS in the nucleus versus cytoplasm and how it is shielded from recognizing the host origin DNA. Here, we outline the current conception of immune response and the regulation mechanism of cGAS in the nucleus. Furthermore, we will shed light on the potential mechanisms that are restricted to be taken away from self-DNA recognition, especially how post-translational modification regulates cGAS functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xian Song
- Institute for Translation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Deana Villagomes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Hongchang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Min Zhu
- Institute for Translation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhu,
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28
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Jackson H, Rivero Calle I, Broderick C, Habgood-Coote D, D’Souza G, Nichols S, Vito O, Gómez-Rial J, Rivero-Velasco C, Rodríguez-Núñez N, Barbeito-Castiñeiras G, Pérez-Freixo H, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Cunnington AJ, Herberg JA, Wright VJ, Gómez-Carballa A, Salas A, Levin M, Martinon-Torres F, Kaforou M, Jackson H, Calle IR, Habgood-Coote D, D’Souza G, Nichols S, Gómez-Rial J, Cunnington AJ, Herberg JA, Wright VJ, Gómez-Carballa A, Salas A, Levin M, Martinon-Torres F, Kaforou M, Antonio AG, Julián ÁE, Antonio AL, Gema BC, Xabier BP, Miriam BG, María Victoria CG, Miriam CL, Amparo CN, Mónica CP, José Javier CA, María José CT, Ana Isabel DU, Blanca DE, María Jesús DS, Cristina FP, Juan FV, Cristóbal GR, José Luis GA, Luisa GV, Elena GV, Alberto GC, José GR, Francisco Javier GB, Beatriz GL, Pilar LI, Beatriz LM, Marta LF, Montserrat LF, Ana LL, Federico MT, De la Cruz Daniel N, Eloína NM, Juan Bautista OD, Jacobo PS, María PN, del Molino Bernal Marisa P, Hugo PF, Lidia PR, Sara P, Manuel PR, Antonio PR, Gloria María PH, Teresa QV, Lorenzo RC, Patricia RC, Susana RG, Sara RV, Vanessa RB, Irene RC, Carmen RV, Nuria RN, Carmen RTS, Eva SP, José Miguel SO, Carla SV, Sonia SF, Pablo SS, Manuel TM, Rocío TP, Mercedes TC, Luis VC, Pablo VG, Soledad VIM, Sandra VL, Rocio FI, Iria BR, Cristina CS. Characterisation of the blood RNA host response underpinning severity in COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12216. [PMID: 35844004 PMCID: PMC9288817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 has highly variable clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infection through to life-threatening disease. Host whole blood transcriptomics can offer unique insights into the biological processes underpinning infection and disease, as well as severity. We performed whole blood RNA Sequencing of individuals with varying degrees of COVID-19 severity. We used differential expression analysis and pathway enrichment analysis to explore how the blood transcriptome differs between individuals with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, performing pairwise comparisons between groups. Increasing COVID-19 severity was characterised by an abundance of inflammatory immune response genes and pathways, including many related to neutrophils and macrophages, in addition to an upregulation of immunoglobulin genes. In this study, for the first time, we show how immunomodulatory treatments commonly administered to COVID-19 patients greatly alter the transcriptome. Our insights into COVID-19 severity reveal the role of immune dysregulation in the progression to severe disease and highlight the need for further research exploring the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the inflammatory immune response.
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Justice JL, Cristea IM. Nuclear antiviral innate responses at the intersection of DNA sensing and DNA repair. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:1056-1071. [PMID: 35641341 PMCID: PMC9560981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The coevolution of vertebrate and mammalian hosts with DNA viruses has driven the ability of host cells to distinguish viral from cellular DNA in the nucleus to induce intrinsic immune responses. Concomitant viral mechanisms have arisen to inhibit DNA sensing. At this virus-host interface, emerging evidence links cytokine responses and cellular homeostasis pathways, particularly the DNA damage response (DDR). Nuclear DNA sensors, such as the interferon (IFN)-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16), functionally intersect with the DDR regulators ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Here, we discuss accumulating knowledge for the DDR-innate immunity signaling axis. Through the lens of this infection-driven signaling axis, we present host and viral molecular strategies acquired to regulate autoinflammation and antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Justice
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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30
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Schilz JR, Dashner-Titus EJ, Simmons KA, Erdei E, Bolt AM, MacKenzie DA, Hudson LG. The immunotoxicity of natural and depleted uranium: From cells to people. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116252. [PMID: 36152676 PMCID: PMC10044422 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Uranium is a naturally occurring element found in the environment as a mixture of isotopes with differing radioactive properties. Enrichment of mined material results in depleted uranium waste with substantially reduced radioactivity but retains the capacity for chemical toxicity. Uranium mine and milling waste are dispersed by wind and rain leading to environmental exposures through soil, air, and water contamination. Uranium exposure is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes in humans, yet there is limited understanding of the effects of depleted uranium on the immune system. The purpose of this review is to summarize findings on uranium immunotoxicity obtained from cell, rodent and human population studies. We also highlight how each model contributes to an understanding of mechanisms that lead to immunotoxicity and limitations inherent within each system. Information from population, animal, and laboratory studies will be needed to significantly expand our knowledge of the contributions of depleted uranium to immune dysregulation, which may then inform prevention or intervention measures for exposed communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi R Schilz
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.
| | - Erica J Dashner-Titus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Karen A Simmons
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Esther Erdei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Alicia M Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Debra A MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
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Ngoi NYL, Westin SN, Yap TA. Targeting the DNA damage response beyond poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors: novel agents and rational combinations. Curr Opin Oncol 2022; 34:559-569. [PMID: 35787597 PMCID: PMC9371461 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have transformed treatment paradigms in multiple cancer types defined by homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and have become the archetypal example of synthetic lethal targeting within the DNA damage response (DDR). Despite this success, primary and acquired resistance to PARP inhibition inevitability threaten the efficacy and durability of response to these drugs. Beyond PARP inhibitors, recent advances in large-scale functional genomic screens have led to the identification of a steadily growing list of genetic dependencies across the DDR landscape. This has led to a wide array of novel synthetic lethal targets and corresponding inhibitors, which hold promise to widen the application of DDR inhibitors beyond HRD and potentially address PARP inhibitor resistance. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we describe key synthetic lethal interactions that have been identified across the DDR landscape, summarize the early phase clinical development of the most promising DDR inhibitors, and highlight relevant combinations of DDR inhibitors with chemotherapy and other novel cancer therapies, which are anticipated to make an impact in rationally selected patient populations. SUMMARY The DDR landscape holds multiple opportunities for synthetic lethal targeting with multiple novel DDR inhibitors being evaluated on early phase clinical trials. Key challenges remain in optimizing the therapeutic window of ATR and WEE1 inhibitors as monotherapy and in combination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Y L Ngoi
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine
| | - Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Surgery
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine
- The Institute for Applied Cancer Science
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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32
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You Z, Lv M, He X, Pan Y, Ge J, Hu X, Zheng Y, Huang M, Zhou C, You C. Homologous recombination repair gene mutations as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871756. [PMID: 35990677 PMCID: PMC9381822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNowadays, immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint receptors is one of the cornerstones of systemic treatment in melanoma. Homologous recombination repair (HRR) is one of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, which has been proved to correlate with the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy, PARP inhibitor therapy, and immunotherapy in a variety of cancers. However, their predictive value of HRR remained unknown in patients with advanced melanoma.MethodsData of advanced melanoma patients from an independent cohort (Samstein2018) were used to analyze the correlation with immunogenic markers and the prognostic effect of HRR on immunotherapy, and another four cohorts (pooled cohort: Miao2018, Allen 2015, Hugo2016, and Synder2014) were used for validation. Immune infiltration cell scores analyzed by TCGA-SKCM cohort were used to explore potential mechanisms related to the immune microenvironment.ResultsCompared to patients with an HRR wild type (HRRwt), those with HRR mutations (HRRmut) in anti-CTLA-4-treated patients of the Samstein2018 cohort had higher tumor mutation burden (TMB; P = 0.0041) and longer median overall survival (mOS; P = 0.0094). In terms of results validation, it was also confirmed that the mOS (P = 0.0014) of HRRmut patients receiving anti-CTLA-4 therapy was significantly better than that of HRRwt patients in the pooled cohort, and objective response rates (ORR; P = 0.0053) were also found to be significant. However, there was no significant difference in mOS between HRRmut patients who received anti-PD-1/L1 therapy and HRRwt patients in either the discovery (Samstein2018 cohort, P = 0.94) or validation (pooled cohort, P = 0.96) set. Exploratory analysis found that although HRRmut patients showed no significant difference in mOS between anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/L1 therapy (P = 0.79), the mOS value of the anti-CTLA-4 therapy group (31.7 months) in HRRmut patients was numerically superior to the anti-PD-1/L1 therapy group (27.5 months). In contrast, the mOS of the anti-CTLA-4 therapy group was significantly lower than that of the anti-PD-1/L1 therapy group (12.4 vs. 32.0 months) in HRRwt patients. In addition, transcriptome profiling analysis revealed that the 29 (65.9%)-gene mutation of the HRR pathway associated with reshaping of the immunological microenvironment in melanoma.ConclusionsHRR mutations were associated with a higher TMB level, and better anti-CTLA-4 therapy outcomes. HRR may serve as an independent predictor of anti-CTLA-4 therapy efficacy in patients with advanced melanoma and their clinical value warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan You
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Department of Oncology, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanyu He
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqin Pan
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Ge
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yating Zheng
- Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Mengli Huang
- Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengzhi Zhou, ; Changxuan You,
| | - Changxuan You
- Department of Oncology, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengzhi Zhou, ; Changxuan You,
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Rodrigues MC, Morais JAV, Ganassin R, Oliveira GRT, Costa FC, Morais AAC, Silveira AP, Silva VCM, Longo JPF, Muehlmann LA. An Overview on Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Biology and Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081564. [PMID: 36015189 PMCID: PMC9413301 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a modality of regulated cell death that is sufficient to promote an adaptive immune response against antigens of the dying cell in an immunocompetent host. An important characteristic of ICD is the release and exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns, which are potent endogenous immune adjuvants. As the induction of ICD can be achieved with conventional cytotoxic agents, it represents a potential approach for the immunotherapy of cancer. Here, different aspects of ICD in cancer biology and treatment are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosar Corrêa Rodrigues
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (M.C.R.); (J.A.V.M.); (R.G.); (G.R.T.O.); (F.C.C.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (A.A.C.M.); (A.P.S.); (V.C.M.S.); (J.P.F.L.)
| | - José Athayde Vasconcelos Morais
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (M.C.R.); (J.A.V.M.); (R.G.); (G.R.T.O.); (F.C.C.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (A.A.C.M.); (A.P.S.); (V.C.M.S.); (J.P.F.L.)
| | - Rayane Ganassin
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (M.C.R.); (J.A.V.M.); (R.G.); (G.R.T.O.); (F.C.C.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (A.A.C.M.); (A.P.S.); (V.C.M.S.); (J.P.F.L.)
| | - Giulia Rosa Tavares Oliveira
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (M.C.R.); (J.A.V.M.); (R.G.); (G.R.T.O.); (F.C.C.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (A.A.C.M.); (A.P.S.); (V.C.M.S.); (J.P.F.L.)
| | - Fabiana Chagas Costa
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (M.C.R.); (J.A.V.M.); (R.G.); (G.R.T.O.); (F.C.C.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (A.A.C.M.); (A.P.S.); (V.C.M.S.); (J.P.F.L.)
| | - Amanda Alencar Cabral Morais
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (A.A.C.M.); (A.P.S.); (V.C.M.S.); (J.P.F.L.)
| | - Ariane Pandolfo Silveira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (A.A.C.M.); (A.P.S.); (V.C.M.S.); (J.P.F.L.)
| | - Victor Carlos Mello Silva
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (A.A.C.M.); (A.P.S.); (V.C.M.S.); (J.P.F.L.)
| | - João Paulo Figueiró Longo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (A.A.C.M.); (A.P.S.); (V.C.M.S.); (J.P.F.L.)
| | - Luis Alexandre Muehlmann
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (M.C.R.); (J.A.V.M.); (R.G.); (G.R.T.O.); (F.C.C.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (A.A.C.M.); (A.P.S.); (V.C.M.S.); (J.P.F.L.)
- Correspondence:
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González-Chávez SA, Burrola-De Anda JI, Mireles-Canales P, Soto-Adame MA, Pacheco-Tena C. Dynamics of DNA damage response markers, RAD51 and XRCC1, throughout the menstrual cycle and pregnancy in healthy women. Increment during pregnancy and relation to a low titer of antinuclear antibodies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13597. [PMID: 35816185 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases (CTDs); however, they are also detected in healthy individuals. Our understanding of the physiological and pathological origin of ANA is incomplete. Both; female reproductive processes and deficiencies in DNA damage response (DDR) have been independently associated with ANA production. However, the link between these two factors and the presence of ANA is unclear METHOD OF STUDY: A cohort study was conducted on 87 non-pregnant and 51 healthy pregnant women. ANA and the DDR markers X-ray repair cross-complementing 1 (XRCC1) and recombinase (RAD51) were quantified in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, ANA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence in HEp-2 cells in 1:40 diluted sera during the three phases of the menstrual cycle in non-pregnant women and every trimester in pregnant women RESULTS: The prevalence of ANA+ in healthy women was 26.1%, with no significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women. ANA and DDR marker levels did not vary among the three phases of the menstrual cycle or the three trimesters of pregnancy. However, DDR marker levels were higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women (p<0.001) and were found to be higher in ANA+ women (XRCC1, p = 0.025; RAD51, p = 0.006) CONCLUSIONS: The menstrual cycle and pregnancy did not influence the levels of DDR markers or ANA in healthy women; however, the DDR was higher in pregnancy and ANA+ women. The results suggest a potential role of DDR in the pathophysiology of ANA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Aideé González-Chávez
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | | | - Paola Mireles-Canales
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | | | - César Pacheco-Tena
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
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Mechanistic Interrogation of Cell Transformation In Vitro: The Transformics Assay as an Exemplar of Oncotransformation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147603. [PMID: 35886950 PMCID: PMC9321586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transformics Assay is an in vitro test which combines the BALB/c 3T3 Cell Transformation Assay (CTA) with microarray transcriptomics. It has been shown to improve upon the mechanistic understanding of the CTA, helping to identify mechanisms of action leading to chemical-induced transformation thanks to RNA extractions in specific time points along the process of in vitro transformation. In this study, the lowest transforming concentration of the carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) has been tested in order to find molecular signatures of initial events relevant for oncotransformation. Application of Enrichment Analysis (Metacore) to the analyses of the results facilitated key biological interpretations. After 72 h of exposure, as a consequence of the molecular initiating event of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, there is a cascade of cellular events and microenvironment modification, and the immune and inflammatory responses are the main processes involved in cell response. Furthermore, pathways and processes related to cell cycle regulation, cytoskeletal adhesion and remodeling processes, cell differentiation and transformation were observed.
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36
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Lu Y, Huang R, Ying J, Li X, Jiao T, Guo L, Zhou H, Wang H, Tuersuntuoheti A, Liu J, Chen Q, Wang Y, Su L, Guo C, Xu F, Wang Z, Lu Y, Li K, Liang J, Huang Z, Chen X, Yao J, Hu H, Cheng X, Wan Y, Chen X, Zhang N, Miao S, Cai J, Wang L, Liu C, Song W, Zhao H. RING finger 138 deregulation distorts NF-кB signaling and facilities colitis switch to aggressive malignancy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:185. [PMID: 35697692 PMCID: PMC9192753 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged activation of nuclear factor (NF)-кB signaling significantly contributes to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). New therapeutic opportunities are emerging from targeting this distorted cell signaling transduction. Here, we discovered the critical role of RING finger 138 (RNF138) in CRC tumorigenesis through regulating the NF-кB signaling, which is independent of its Ubiquitin-E3 ligase activity involved in DNA damage response. RNF138−/− mice were hyper-susceptible to the switch from colitis to aggressive malignancy, which coincided with sustained aberrant NF-кB signaling in the colonic cells. Furthermore, RNF138 suppresses the activation of NF-кB signaling pathway through preventing the translocation of NIK and IKK-Beta Binding Protein (NIBP) to the cytoplasm, which requires the ubiquitin interaction motif (UIM) domain. More importantly, we uncovered a significant correlation between poor prognosis and the downregulation of RNF138 associated with reinforced NF-кB signaling in clinical settings, raising the possibility of RNF138 dysregulation as an indicator for the therapeutic intervention targeting NF-кB signaling. Using the xenograft models built upon either RNF138-dificient CRC cells or the cells derived from the RNF138-dysregulated CRC patients, we demonstrated that the inhibition of NF-кB signaling effectively hampered tumor growth. Overall, our work defined the pathogenic role of aberrant NF-кB signaling due to RNF138 downregulation in the cascade events from the colitis switch to colonic neoplastic transformation and progression, and also highlights the possibility of targeting the NF-кB signaling in treating specific subtypes of CRC indicated by RNF138-ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xingchen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Amannisa Tuersuntuoheti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jianmei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qichen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Luying Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Changyuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fu Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Junbo Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jinjie Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hanjie Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaowen Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yufeng Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research (WCAIR), Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Shiying Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Linfang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Changzheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China. .,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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37
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D’Orazi G, Cirone M. Interconnected Adaptive Responses: A Way Out for Cancer Cells to Avoid Cellular Demise. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112780. [PMID: 35681760 PMCID: PMC9179898 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Different from normal cells, cancer cells must hyperactivate a variety of integrated responses in order to survive their basal stress or its exacerbation caused by exposure to anti-cancer agents. As cancer cells become particularly dependent on these adaptive responses, namely UPR, DDR autophagy, anti-oxidant and heat shock responses, this turns out to be an Achille’s heel, which allows them to be selectively killed while sparing normal unstressed cells. Better knowledge of the cross-talk between these adaptive processes and their impact on the immune system is needed to design more effective anti-cancer therapies, as reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella D’Orazi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66013 Chieti, Italy;
- Unit of Cellular Networks, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome LA Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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38
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Zhang H, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Mao Z. DNA double-strand break repair and nucleic acid-related immunity. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:828-835. [PMID: 35975605 PMCID: PMC9828507 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair and innate immunity are two conserved mechanisms that both function in cellular stress responses. Recently, an increasing amount of evidence has uncovered the close relationship between these two ancient biological processes. Here, we review the classical function of factors involved in DNA repair, and especially double-strand break repair, in innate immunity; more importantly, we discuss the novel roles of DNA repair factors in regulating innate immunity and vice versa. In addition, we also review the roles of DNA repair, innate immunity and their crosstalk in human diseases, which suggest that these two pathways may be compelling targets for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiyong Mao
- Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-65978166; E-mail:
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39
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Russo M, Nastasi C. Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: A Close Up of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Neutrophils. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871513. [PMID: 35664746 PMCID: PMC9160747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in dynamically regulating cancer progression and influencing the therapeutic outcome is widely accepted and appreciated. Several therapeutic strategies to modify or modulate the TME, like angiogenesis or immune checkpoint inhibitors, showed clinical efficacy and received approval from regulatory authorities. Within recent decades, new promising strategies targeting myeloid cells have been implemented in preclinical cancer models. The predominance of specific cell phenotypes in the TME has been attributed to pro- or anti-tumoral. Hence, their modulation can, in turn, alter the responses to standard-of-care treatments, making them more or less effective. Here, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge and the correlated challenges about the tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils targeting strategies, current treatments, and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Russo
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Pharmacological Research Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Pharmacological Research Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
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40
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Ahmad Mohd Zain MR, Abdul Kari Z, Dawood MAO, Nik Ahmad Ariff NS, Salmuna ZN, Ismail N, Ibrahim AH, Thevan Krishnan K, Che Mat NF, Edinur HA, Abdul Razab MKA, Mohammed A, Mohamed Salam SKN, Rao PV, Mohamad S, Hamat B, Zainal Abidin S, Seong Wei L, Ahmed Shokri A. Bioactivity and Pharmacological Potential of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Against Pandemic COVID-19: a Comprehensive Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4587-4624. [PMID: 35579740 PMCID: PMC9110634 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), transmitted from person to person, has quickly emerged as the pandemic responsible for the current global health crisis. This infection has been declared a global pandemic, resulting in a concerning number of deaths as well as complications post-infection, primarily among vulnerable groups particularly older people and those with multiple comorbidities. In this article, we review the most recent research on the role of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits (DPFs) to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. The mechanisms underlying this preventive or therapeutic effect are also discussed in terms of bioactivity potentials in date palm, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and hemolytic potential, as well as prospect against COVID-19 disease and the potential product development. Therefore, it can be concluded that regular consumption of DPFs may be associated with a lower risk of some chronic diseases. Indeed, DPFs have been widely used in folk medicine since ancient times to treat a variety of health conditions, demonstrating the importance of DPFs as a nutraceutical and source of functional nourishment. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the majority of the research on DPFs in terms of nutrient content and biologically active components such as phenolic compounds, with an emphasis on their roles in improving overall health as well as the potential product development to ensure consumers’ satisfaction in a current pandemic situation. In conclusion, DPFs can be given to COVID-19 patients as a safe and effective add-on medication or supplement in addition to routine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rajaei Ahmad Mohd Zain
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.,The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Nik Shahman Nik Ahmad Ariff
- Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 50410, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zeti Norfidiyati Salmuna
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norzila Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Al Hafiz Ibrahim
- Unit Perubatan Rehabilitasi, Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia Kampus Kesihatan Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Kumara Thevan Krishnan
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fazila Che Mat
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Hisham Atan Edinur
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Aurifullah Mohammed
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao
- Centre for International Collaboration and Research, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahili, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, Karnataka, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Jl Riau Ujung No. 73, Pekanbaru, 28292, Riau, Indonesia.,Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sakinah Mohamad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Basyarah Hamat
- Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 50410, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahriman Zainal Abidin
- Design Studies, College of Creative Arts, Kompleks Ilham, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Amran Ahmed Shokri
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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41
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Xie B, Luo A. Nucleic Acid Sensing Pathways in DNA Repair Targeted Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903781. [PMID: 35557952 PMCID: PMC9089908 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA damage is a complex process, which helps to maintain genome fidelity, and the ability of cancer cells to repair therapeutically DNA damage induced by clinical treatments will affect the therapeutic efficacy. In the past decade, great success has been achieved by targeting the DNA repair network in tumors. Recent studies suggest that DNA damage impacts cellular innate and adaptive immune responses through nucleic acid-sensing pathways, which play essential roles in the efficacy of DNA repair targeted therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of innate immune response triggered by DNA damage through nucleic acid-sensing pathways, including DNA sensing via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex (MRN) complex, and RNA sensing via the TLR3/7/8 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs). Furthermore, we will focus on the recent developments in the impacts of nucleic acid-sensing pathways on the DNA damage response (DDR). Elucidating the DDR-immune response interplay will be critical to harness immunomodulatory effects to improve the efficacy of antitumor immunity therapeutic strategies and build future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingteng Xie
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqin Luo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
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42
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Song D, Zhang D, Chen S, Wu J, Hao Q, Zhao L, Ren H, Du N. Identification and validation of prognosis-associated DNA repair gene signatures in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6946. [PMID: 35484177 PMCID: PMC9050689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor. DNA damage plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis, and abnormal DNA repair pathways affect the occurrence and progression of CRC. In the current study, we aimed to construct a DNA repair-related gene (DRG) signature to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with CRC patients. The differentially expressed DRGs (DE-DRGs) were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The prognostic gene signature was identified by univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-penalized Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the underlying biological processes and signaling pathways. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT were implemented to estimate the tumor immune score and immune cell infiltration status between the different risk group. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was evaluated to representing the drug response of this signature. Nine DE-DRGs (ESCO2, AXIN2, PLK1, CDC25C, IGF1, TREX2, ALKBH2, ESR1 and MC1R) signatures was constructed to classify patients into high- and low-risk groups. The risk score was an independent prognostic indicator of OS (hazard ratio > 1, P < 0.001). The genetic alteration analysis indicated that the nine DE-DRGs in the signature were changed in 63 required samples (100%), and the major alteration was missense mutation. Function enrichment analysis revealed that the immune response and mtotic sister chromatid segregation were the main biological processes. The high-risk group had higher immune score than the low-risk group. What’s more, low-risk patients were more sensitive to selumetinib and dasatinib. The nine DE-DRGs signature was significantly associated with OS and provided a new insight for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingli Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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43
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Abidoye AO, Ojedokun FO, Fasogbon BM, Bamidele OP. Effects of sweet basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L) addition on the chemical, antioxidant, and storage stability of roselle calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa) drink. Food Chem 2022; 371:131170. [PMID: 34583174 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Consumers expect greater functionality from food and beverage products. Celebrated for a range of health benefits, polyphenols have been linked to a preventive role for chronic diseases and viral infections and have the ability to relieve oxidative stress. A drink made with roselle calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and sweet basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L) may provide therapeutic or preventive effects against chronic and infectious diseases. Damage caused by oxidative stress may be alleviated by the polyphenols found in roselle calyces and sweet basil leaves. The roselle-basil samples at different blend ratio were analysed for pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, vitamin C, lycopene, total phenolic contents, antioxidant properties, and storage stability at different temperature (4 and 29 °C). The incorporation of sweet basil leaves to roselle calyces slightly decreased the vitamin C and lycopene content of the processed drink but increased the total carotenoid and antioxidant activities (ABTS and ORAC) of the drink. The radical scavenging properties of the processed drink increased with the addition of the dried sweet basil leaves and samples kept at a higher temperature of 29 °C showed a rise in antioxidant activities compared to samples stored at 4 °C. The increase in the free radical scavenging power of the drinks show that the roselle-basil drink may serve as health drink and addition of sweet basil leaves up to 5% may be suitable to produce roselle-basil drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Abidoye
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Nigeria
| | - F O Ojedokun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - B M Fasogbon
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - O P Bamidele
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences University of Pretoria, South Africa
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44
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Meyer F, Engel AM, Krause AK, Wagner T, Poole L, Dubrovska A, Peitzsch C, Rothkamm K, Petersen C, Borgmann K. Efficient DNA Repair Mitigates Replication Stress Resulting in Less Immunogenic Cytosolic DNA in Radioresistant Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:765284. [PMID: 35280989 PMCID: PMC8913591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.765284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a major cause of tumor therapy failure. This is mainly attributed to increased DNA repair capacity and immune escape. Recent studies have shown that functional DNA repair via homologous recombination (HR) prevents radiation-induced accumulation of DNA in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting the intracellular immune response. However, it is unclear whether CSCs can suppress radiation-induced cytoplasmic dsDNA formation. Here, we show that the increased radioresistance of ALDH1-positive breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in S phase is mediated by both enhanced DNA double-strand break repair and improved replication fork protection due to HR. Both HR-mediated processes lead to suppression of radiation-induced replication stress and consequently reduction of cytoplasmic dsDNA. The amount of cytoplasmic dsDNA correlated significantly with BCSC content (p=0.0002). This clearly indicates that HR-dependent avoidance of radiation-induced replication stress mediates radioresistance and contributes to its immune evasion. Consistent with this, enhancement of replication stress by inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3 related (ATR) resulted in significant radiosensitization (SER37 increase 1.7-2.8 Gy, p<0.0001). Therefore, disruption of HR-mediated processes, particularly in replication, opens a CSC-specific radiosensitization option by enhancing their intracellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Meyer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Engel
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann Kristin Krause
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wagner
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Poole
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kerstin Borgmann,
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45
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Yang Y, Zhou L, Gou X, Wu G, Zheng Y, Liu M, Chen Z, Wang Y, Ji R, Guo Q, Zhou Y. Comprehensive analysis to identify DNA damage response-related lncRNA pairs as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in gastric cancer. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:595-611. [PMID: 34903003 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The identification of valuable predictive signatures to improve the prognosis of patients with GC is becoming a realistic prospect. DNA damage response-related long noncoding ribonucleic acids (drlncRNAs) play an important role in the development of cancers. However, their prognostic and therapeutic values remain sparse in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS We obtained the transcriptome data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD) cohort. Co-expression network analyses were performed to discover functional modules using the igaph package. Subsequently, lncRNA pairs were identified by bioinformation analysis, and prognostic pairs were determined by univariate analysis, respectively. In addition, we utilized least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression analysis to construct the risk model based on lncRNA pairs. Then, we distinguished between the high- or low- risk groups from patients with GC based on the optimal model. Finally, we reevaluated the association between risk score and overall survival, tumor immune microenvironment, specific tumor-infiltrating immune cells related biomarkers, and the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic agents. RESULTS 32 drlncRNA pairs were obtained, and a 17-drlncRNA pairs signature was constructed to predict the overall survival of patients with GC. The ROC was 0.797, 0.812 and 0.821 at 1, 2, 3 years, respectively. After reclassifying these patients into different risk-groups, we could differentiate between them based on negative overall survival outcome, specialized tumor immune infiltration status, higher expressed immune cell related biomarkers, and a lower chemotherapeutics sensitivity. Compared with previous models, our model showed better performance with a higher ROC value. CONCLUSION The prognostic and therapeutic signature established by novel lncRNA pairs could provide promising prediction value, and guide individual treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lingshan Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics Ward 2, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xi Gou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guozhi Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhaofeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qinghong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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With Our Powers Combined: Exploring PARP Inhibitors and Immunotherapy. Cancer J 2021; 27:511-520. [PMID: 34904815 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies has seen substantial clinical success in oncology therapeutic development. Although multiple agents within these classes have achieved regulatory approval globally-in several malignancies in early and advanced stages-drug resistance remains an issue. Building on preclinical evidence, several early trials and late-phase studies are underway. This review explores the therapeutic potential of combination poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in solid tumors, including the scientific and therapeutic rationale, available clinical evidence, and considerations for future trial and biomarker development across different malignancies using ovarian and other solid cancer subtypes as key examples.
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47
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Ye Z, Shi Y, Lees-Miller SP, Tainer JA. Function and Molecular Mechanism of the DNA Damage Response in Immunity and Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:797880. [PMID: 34970273 PMCID: PMC8712645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.797880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is an organized network of multiple interwoven components evolved to repair damaged DNA and maintain genome fidelity. Conceptually the DDR includes damage sensors, transducer kinases, and effectors to maintain genomic stability and accurate transmission of genetic information. We have recently gained a substantially improved molecular and mechanistic understanding of how DDR components are interconnected to inflammatory and immune responses to stress. DDR shapes both innate and adaptive immune pathways: (i) in the context of innate immunity, DDR components mainly enhance cytosolic DNA sensing and its downstream STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING)-dependent signaling; (ii) in the context of adaptive immunity, the DDR is needed for the assembly and diversification of antigen receptor genes that is requisite for T and B lymphocyte development. Imbalances between DNA damage and repair impair tissue homeostasis and lead to replication and transcription stress, mutation accumulation, and even cell death. These impacts from DDR defects can then drive tumorigenesis, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and aberrant immune responses. Yet, DDR deficiency or inhibition can also directly enhance innate immune responses. Furthermore, DDR defects plus the higher mutation load in tumor cells synergistically produce primarily tumor-specific neoantigens, which are powerfully targeted in cancer immunotherapy by employing immune checkpoint inhibitors to amplify immune responses. Thus, elucidating DDR-immune response interplay may provide critical connections for harnessing immunomodulatory effects plus targeted inhibition to improve efficacy of radiation and chemotherapies, of immune checkpoint blockade, and of combined therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susan P. Lees-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John A. Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Lin Y, Pan X, Zhao L, Yang C, Zhang Z, Wang B, Gao Z, Jiang K, Ye Y, Wang S, Shen Z. Immune cell infiltration signatures identified molecular subtypes and underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:83. [PMID: 34635662 PMCID: PMC8505616 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has clarified that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely related to the prognosis and therapeutic efficacy of cancer. However, there is no reliable TME evaluation system used to accurately predict the prognosis of and therapeutic efficacy in gastric cancer. We evaluated the immune microenvironment score (IMS) of 1422 gastric cancer samples based on 51 immune cell signatures. We explored the relationship between the IMS and prognosis, immune cell infiltration, cancer subtype, and potential immune escape mechanisms. The results show that activation of the stroma and decreased levels of immune infiltration were associated with a low IMS. A high IMS was characterized by Epstein–Barr virus infection, increased mutation load, microsatellite instability, and immune cell infiltration. A high IMS was also related to high expression of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1/PD-L1). Finally, patients with a high IMS had a better response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and may be more suitable for immune checkpoint inhibitors (area under the curve = 0.81). In addition, a low IMS may be converted into the immune-infiltrating subtype after romidepsin treatment. Stratification based on the IMS may enable gastric cancer patients to benefit more from immunotherapy and help identify new cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaoxian Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, PR China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Changjiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Zhidong Gao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Kewei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China. .,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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Downing SM, Schreiner PA, Kwak YD, Li Y, Shaw TI, Russell HR, McKinnon PJ. Genome instability independent of type I interferon signaling drives neuropathology caused by impaired ribonucleotide excision repair. Neuron 2021; 109:3962-3979.e6. [PMID: 34655526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a monogenic type I interferonopathy characterized by neurodevelopmental defects and upregulation of type I interferon signaling and neuroinflammation. Mutations in genes that function in nucleic acid metabolism, including RNASEH2, are linked to AGS. Ribonuclease H2 (RNASEH2) is a genome surveillance factor critical for DNA integrity by removing ribonucleotides incorporated into replicating DNA. Here we show that RNASEH2 is necessary for neurogenesis and to avoid activation of interferon-responsive genes and neuroinflammation. Cerebellar defects after RNASEH2B inactivation are rescued by p53 but not cGAS deletion, suggesting that DNA damage signaling, not neuroinflammation, accounts for neuropathology. Coincident inactivation of Atm and Rnaseh2 further affected cerebellar development causing ataxia, which was dependent upon aberrant activation of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). The loss of ATM also markedly exacerbates cGAS-dependent type I interferon signaling. Thus, DNA damage-dependent signaling rather than type I interferon signaling underlies neurodegeneration in this class of neurodevelopmental/neuroinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna M Downing
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Patrick A Schreiner
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Young Don Kwak
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Helen R Russell
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter J McKinnon
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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50
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Kumimoto RW, Ellison CT, Toruño TY, Bak A, Zhang H, Casteel CL, Coaker G, Harmer SL. XAP5 CIRCADIAN TIMEKEEPER Affects Both DNA Damage Responses and Immune Signaling in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:707923. [PMID: 34659282 PMCID: PMC8517334 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.707923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerous links have been reported between immune response and DNA damage repair pathways in both plants and animals but the precise nature of the relationship between these fundamental processes is not entirely clear. Here, we report that XAP5 CIRCADIAN TIMEKEEPER (XCT), a protein highly conserved across eukaryotes, acts as a negative regulator of immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana and plays a positive role in responses to DNA damaging radiation. We find xct mutants have enhanced resistance to infection by a virulent bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and are hyper-responsive to the defense-activating hormone salicylic acid (SA) when compared to wild-type. Unlike most mutants with constitutive effector-triggered immunity (ETI), xct plants do not have increased levels of SA and retain enhanced immunity at elevated temperatures. Genetic analysis indicates XCT acts independently of NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED GENES1 (NPR1), which encodes a known SA receptor. Since DNA damage has been reported to potentiate immune responses, we next investigated the DNA damage response in our mutants. We found xct seedlings to be hypersensitive to UV-C and γ radiation and deficient in phosphorylation of the histone variant H2A.X, one of the earliest known responses to DNA damage. These data demonstrate that loss of XCT causes a defect in an early step of the DNA damage response pathway. Together, our data suggest that alterations in DNA damage response pathways may underlie the enhanced immunity seen in xct mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick W. Kumimoto
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cory T. Ellison
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tania Y. Toruño
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Aurélie Bak
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Clare L. Casteel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Stacey L. Harmer
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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