1
|
Alharbi AE, Ahmad MS, Damanhouri ZA, Mosli H, Yaghmour KA, Refai F, Issa NM, Alkreathy HM. The Effect of Genetic Variants of SLC22A2 (rs662301 and rs315978) on the response to Metformin in type 2 Saudi diabetic patients. Gene 2024; 927:148648. [PMID: 38852696 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the two genetic variations, NC_000006.12: g.160275887C > T (rs662301) and NC_000006.12:g.160231826 T > C (rs315978), in the SLC22A2 gene among the Saudi population. The primary goal is to elucidate potential associations with these genetic variations and the response to metformin therapy over 6 months to enhance our knowledge of the genetic basis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its clinical management in the Saudi population. MATERIALS/METHODS 76 newly diagnosed T2DM patients, aged 30 to 60, of both sexes and Saudi origin, were treated with metformin monotherapy. Blood samples were collected before and after 6 months of therapy,80 healthy individuals were included as controls. Genomic DNA was extracted. Genotyping of the SLC22A2 genetic variations was performed using TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays. Binary logistic regression was utilized to evaluate how certain clinical parameters influence T2DM concerning the presence of SLC22A2 gene variants. RESULTS Among these patients, 73.3 % were responders, and 26.7 % were non-responders. For these variants, no statistically significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies were observed between responders and non-responders (p = 0.375 and p = 0.384 for rs662301; p = 0.473 and p = 0.481 for rs315978, respectively). For the SLC22A2 variant rs662301, the C/C genotype was significantly associated with increased T2DM risk with age and elevated HbA1c levels. Similarly, rs315978 revealed higher T2DM susceptibility and HbA1c elevation in C/C genotype carriers, specifically with advancing age compared to individuals with C/T and T/T genotypes. CONCLUSION The study offers insights into the genetic landscape of T2DM in Saudi Arabia. Despite the absence of significant associations with treatment response, the study suggests potential age-specific associations, this highlights the complexity of the disease. This research underscores the necessity for expanded research, considering diverse populations and genetic factors, to develop personalized treatment approaches. This study serves as a foundation for future investigations into the Saudi population, recognizing the need for a larger sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani E Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad S Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zoheir A Damanhouri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Mosli
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A Yaghmour
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Refai
- Department of Pathology, King Abdulaziz University and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha M Issa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Huda M Alkreathy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdul-Ghani M, Maffei P, DeFronzo RA. Managing insulin resistance: the forgotten pathophysiological component of type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:674-680. [PMID: 39098317 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have gained widespread use in the treatment of individuals with type 2 diabetes because of their potent weight loss promoting effect, ability to augment β-cell function, and cardiovascular protective effects. However, despite causing impressive weight loss, GLP-1 receptor agonists do not normalise insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity, and the long-term effects of this class of antidiabetic medication on muscle mass, frailty, and bone density have been poorly studied. Although GLP-1 receptor agonists improve insulin sensitivity secondary to weight loss, the only true direct insulin-sensitising drugs are thiazolidinediones. Because of side-effects associated with type 2 diabetes therapy, these drugs have not gained widespread use. In lieu of the important role of insulin resistance in the cause of type 2 diabetes and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes, development of potent insulin-sensitising drugs that can be used in combination with GLP-1 receptor agonists remains a large unmet need in the management of individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
3
|
Flori L, Benedetti G, Martelli A, Calderone V. Microbiota alterations associated with vascular diseases: postbiotics as a next-generation magic bullet for gut-vascular axis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107334. [PMID: 39103131 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota represents a key element in maintaining the homeostasis and health conditions of the host. Vascular pathologies and other risk factors such as aging have been recently associated with dysbiosis. The qualitative and quantitative alteration of the intestinal microbiota hinders correct metabolic homeostasis, causing structural and functional changes of the intestinal wall itself. Impairment of the intestinal microbiota, combined with the reduction of the barrier function, worsen the pathological scenarios of peripheral tissues over time, including the vascular one. Several experimental evidence, collected in this review, describes in detail the changes of the intestinal microbiota in dysbiosis associated with vascular alterations, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction, the resulting metabolic disorders and how these can impact on vascular health. In this context, the gut-vascular axis is considered, for the first time, as a merged unit involved in the development and progression of vascular pathologies and as a promising target. Current approaches for the management of dysbiosis such as probiotics, prebiotics and dietary modifications act mainly on the intestinal district. Postbiotics, described as preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers health benefits on the host, represent an innovative strategy for a dual management of intestinal dysbiosis and vascular pathologies. In this context, this review has the further purpose of defining the positive effects of the supplementation of bacterial strains metabolites (short‑chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid) restoring intestinal homeostasis and acting directly on the vascular district through the gut-vascular axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy.
| | - Giada Benedetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy.
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santos JAV, Silva D, Marques MPM, Batista de Carvalho LAE. Platinum-based chemotherapy: trends in organic nanodelivery systems. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:14640-14686. [PMID: 39037425 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01483a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite the investment in platinum drugs research, cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are still the only Pt-based compounds used as first line treatments for several cancers, with a few other compounds being approved for administration in some Asian countries. However, due to the severe and worldwide impact of oncological diseases, there is an urge for improved chemotherapeutic approaches. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical application of platinum complexes is hindered by their inherent toxicity and acquired resistance. Nanodelivery systems rose as a key strategy to overcome these challenges, with recognized versatility and ability towards improving the safety, bioavailability and efficacy of the available drugs. Among the known nanocarriers, organic systems have been widely applied, taking advantage of their potential as drug vehicles. Researchers have mainly focused on the development of lipidic and polymeric carriers, including supramolecular structures, with an overall improvement of encapsulated platinum complexes. Herein, an overview of recent trends and strategies is presented, with the main focus on the encapsulation of platinum compounds into organic nanocarriers, showcasing the evolution in the design and development of these promising systems. This comprehensive review highlights formulation methods as well as characterization procedures, providing insights that may be helpful for the development of novel platinum nanocarriers aiming at future pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João A V Santos
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Silva
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Paula M Marques
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís A E Batista de Carvalho
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bailey CJ. Metformin: Therapeutic profile in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26 Suppl 3:3-19. [PMID: 38784991 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Metformin (dimethyl-biguanide) can claim its origins in the use of Galega officinalis as a plant treatment for symptoms ascribed to diabetes. Since the first clinical use of metformin as a glucose-lowering agent in 1957, this medicine has emerged as a first-line pharmacological option to support lifestyle interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It acts through multiple cellular pathways, principally in the gut, liver and muscle, to counter insulin resistance and lower blood glucose without weight gain or risk of overt hypoglycaemia. Other effects include improvements in lipid metabolism, decreased inflammation and lower long-term cardiovascular risk. Metformin is conveniently combined with other diabetes medications, can be prescribed in prediabetes to reduce the risk of progression to T2D, and is used in some regions to assist glycaemic control in pregnancy. Consistent with its diversity of actions, established safety profile and cost-effectiveness, metformin is being assessed for further possible clinical applications. The use of metformin requires adequate renal function for drug elimination, and may cause initial gastrointestinal side effects, which can be moderated by taking with meals or using an extended-release formulation. Thus, metformin serves as a valuable therapeutic resource for use throughout the natural history of T2D.
Collapse
|
6
|
Alalawy AI. Key genes and molecular mechanisms related to Paclitaxel Resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:244. [PMID: 39003454 PMCID: PMC11245874 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is commonly used to treat breast, ovarian, lung, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic cancer, and neck cancer cells. Cancer recurrence is observed in patients treated with paclitaxel due to paclitaxel resistance emergence. Resistant mechanisms are observed in cancer cells treated with paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel including changes in the target molecule β-tubulin of mitosis, molecular mechanisms that activate efflux drug out of the cells, and alterations in regulatory proteins of apoptosis. This review discusses new molecular mechanisms of taxane resistance, such as overexpression of genes like the multidrug resistance genes and EDIL3, ABCB1, MRP1, and TRAG-3/CSAG2 genes. Moreover, significant lncRNAs are detected in paclitaxel resistance, such as lncRNA H19 and cross-resistance between taxanes. This review contributed to discovering new treatment strategies for taxane resistance and increasing the responsiveness of cancer cells toward chemotherapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel I Alalawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peng B, Dai Q, Liu X, Jiang S. Fraxin alleviates oral lichen planus by suppressing OCT3-mediated activation of FGF2/NF-κB pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03270-w. [PMID: 38980409 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a carcinogenic chronic inflammatory oral disease, which lacks effective treatments. Fraxin is an active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Qin Pi, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, but its effect on OLP is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of fraxin on OLP and the underlying mechanism. Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCat) were incubated with fraxin (10, 20, or 40 µM) for 48 h and then treated with 10 µg/mL LPS for 24 h. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected. Next, the interaction between OCT3 and FGF2 was predicted by online database and verified by Co-IP analysis. Fraxin, Ad-OCT3, sh-OCT3, and sh-FGF2 were, respectively, applied to treat LPS-incubated HaCat cells, and cell viability, apoptosis, and secretion of inflammatory factors were detected with MTT, flow cytometry, and ELISA assays. Then, the involvement of OCT3 and FGF2 in the prevention of fraxin on HaCat cells from LPS-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation was investigated through multiple rescue experiments. In addition, OLP models were constructed in VDR-/- mice and NOD/SCID mice by injecting with human OLP pathological tissue homogenates to verify the therapeutic effect of fraxin on OLP. Fraxin treatment increased cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis and the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. OCT3 was significantly upregulated in oral mucosa tissues of OLP mice. OCT3 silencing inhibited LPS-induced cell apoptosis and secretion of inflammatory factors. Fraxin incubation reduced the expression of OCT3, and OCT3 interacted with FGF2 to upregulate FGF2 protein. FGF2 silencing reduced the expression of p-p65/NF-κB protein and improved LPS-induced cell apoptosis and secretion of inflammatory factors. OCT3 overexpression increased the expression of FGF2 and p-p65/NF-κB proteins, rh-FGF2 aggravated this effect, while FGF2-Neu-Ab reversed this effect. The results of in vivo experiments showed that fraxin alleviated cell apoptosis and inflammation in oral buccal mucosa tissues of OLP mice. Fraxin inhibited cell apoptosis and inflammation by suppressing OCT3-mediated activation of the FGF2/NF-κB pathway, alleviating the progression of OLP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 747 West Zhonghua Road, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China.
| | - Quanhong Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 747 West Zhonghua Road, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 747 West Zhonghua Road, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| | - Songyang Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 747 West Zhonghua Road, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren X, Sun P, Wang Y. PARP inhibitor-related acute renal failure: a real-world study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38967020 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2376690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current clinical trial data on PARP inhibitors (PARPis)-related acute renal failure (ARF) are not entirely representative of real-world situations. Therefore, in this study, the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) was used to evaluate PARPis-related ARF. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from 1 January 2015, to 30 September 2023. ARF event reports were analyzed based on four algorithms. The time-to-onset (TTO) and clinical outcomes of PARPis-associated ARF were assessed. RESULTS The total included cases were 2726. Significant signals were observed for olaparib, niraparib, and rucaparib (reporting odds ratio (ROR): 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.49-1.78, 1.25, 95% CI: 1.19-1.32 and 1.59, 95% CI: 1.47-1.72 respectively). The median TTO of ARF onset was 57, 36, and 85 days for olaparib, niraparib, and rucaparib, respectively. The proportion of deaths with olaparib (9.88%) was significantly higher than for niraparib (2.52%) and rucaparib (2.94%) (p < 0.005). The proportion of life-threatening adverse events associated with niraparib (4.89%) was significantly higher than for rucaparib (0.98%) (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS ARF and PARPi were related, with the exception of talazoparib. More emphasis should be given to PARPis-related ARF due to the high proportion of serious AEs and delayed adverse reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayang Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang J, Zhu Q, Shi X, Huang Y, Yan L, Zhang G, Pei L, Liu J, Han X, Zhu X. NIR-II light therapy improves cognitive performance in MPTP induced Parkinson's disease rat models: A preliminary experimental study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32800. [PMID: 38975234 PMCID: PMC11225833 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is an important component of non motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), and if not addressed in a timely manner, it can easily progress to dementia. However, no effective method currently exists to completely prevent or reverse cognitive impairment associated with PD. We therefore aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of near-infrared region II light (NIR-II) region illumination on cognitive impairment in PD through behavioral experiments (water maze and rotary rod) and multiple fluorescence immunohistochemistry techniques. The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced group was compared with the MPTP- untreated rat group, showing a significant reduction in escape latency and significant increase in the fall latency in the MPTP-treated group. The horizontal analysis results indicated that NIR-II phototherapy improved the learning and cognitive abilities as well as coordination and balance abilities of rats. Post-treatment, the MPTP rats showed significantly shortened, escape latency, prolonged target quadrant residence time, and prolonged fall latency compared with pre-treatment. The longitudinal analysis results reaffirmed that NIR-II phototherapy improved the learning and cognitive abilities as well as coordination and balance abilities of rats. The multiple fluorescence immunohistochemistry analysis trend plot showed that the activated microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus were highest in MPTP-induced PD untreated group, moderate in MPTP-induced PD treatment group, and lowest in the control group. Our data indicates that NIR-II illumination improves learning and cognitive impairment as well as coordination and balance abilities in PD rats by downregulating the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinqin Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Xun Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Han
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Xisong Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Del Chierico F, Masi L, Petito V, Baldelli V, Puca P, Benvenuto R, Fidaleo M, Palucci I, Lopetuso LR, Caristo ME, Carrozza C, Giustiniani MC, Nakamichi N, Kato Y, Putignani L, Gasbarrini A, Pani G, Scaldaferri F. Solute Transporter OCTN1/Slc22a4 Affects Disease Severity and Response to Infliximab in Experimental Colitis: Role of Gut Microbiota and Immune Modulation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae135. [PMID: 38944815 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic disabling conditions with a complex and multifactorial etiology, still incompletely understood. OCTN1, an organic cation transporter, could have a role in modulating the inflammatory response, and some genetic polymorphisms of this molecule have been associated with increased risk of inflammatory bowel diseases. Until now, limited information exists on its potential in predicting/modulating patient's response to therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of OCTN1 in modifying gut microbiota and mucosal immunity in response to infliximab therapy in murine colitis. METHODS A dextran sodium sulphate model of colitis was used to assess the clinical efficacy of infliximab administered intravenously in ocnt1 gene knockout mice and their C57BL/6 controls. Stool, colon, and mesenteric lymph node samples were collected to evaluate differences in gut microbiota composition, histology, and T cell populations, respectively. RESULTS Octn1 -/- influences the microbiota profile and is associated with a worse dysbiosis in mice with colitis. Infliximab treatment attenuates colitis-associated dysbiosis, with an increase of bacterial richness and evenness in both strains. In comparison with wild type, octn1-/- mice have milder disease and a higher baseline percentage of Treg, Tmemory, Th2 and Th17 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the murine model to study OCTN1 genetic contribution to inflammatory bowel diseases. This could be the first step towards the recognition of this membrane transporter as a biomarker in inflammatory conditions and a predictor of response to therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Del Chierico
- Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Masi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Digestive Disease Center (CeMAD) Translational Research Laboratories, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Petito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Digestive Disease Center (CeMAD) Translational Research Laboratories, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Baldelli
- Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Puca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOS Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Center for Diseases of Digestive System (CeMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Benvenuto
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fidaleo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Palucci
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOS Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Center for Diseases of Digestive System (CeMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Carrozza
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory and Infectious Science, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Noritaka Nakamichi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, 370-0033, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Digestive Disease Center (CeMAD) Translational Research Laboratories, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Digestive Disease Center (CeMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Pani
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOS Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Center for Diseases of Digestive System (CeMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Corleto KA, Strandmo JL, Giles ED. Metformin and Breast Cancer: Current Findings and Future Perspectives from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:396. [PMID: 38543182 PMCID: PMC10974219 DOI: 10.3390/ph17030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, a growing body of research has investigated the potential to repurpose the anti-diabetic drug metformin for breast cancer prevention and/or treatment. Observational studies in the early 2000s demonstrated that patients with diabetes taking metformin had decreased cancer risk, providing the first evidence supporting the potential role of metformin as an anti-cancer agent. Despite substantial efforts, two decades later, the exact mechanisms and clinical efficacy of metformin for breast cancer remain ambiguous. Here, we have summarized key findings from studies examining the effect of metformin on breast cancer across the translational spectrum including in vitro, in vivo, and human studies. Importantly, we discuss critical factors that may help explain the significant heterogeneity in study outcomes, highlighting how metformin dose, underlying metabolic health, menopausal status, tumor subtype, membrane transporter expression, diet, and other factors may play a role in modulating metformin's anti-cancer effects. We hope that these insights will help with interpreting data from completed studies, improve the design of future studies, and aid in the identification of patient subsets with breast cancer or at high risk for the disease who are most likely to benefit from metformin treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Corleto
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (K.A.C.)
- School of Kinesiology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jenna L. Strandmo
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (K.A.C.)
| | - Erin D. Giles
- School of Kinesiology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zajac M, Jakiela S, Dolowy K. Understanding Bidirectional Water Transport across Bronchial Epithelial Cell Monolayers: A Microfluidic Approach. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:901. [PMID: 38132905 PMCID: PMC10744786 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13120901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the dynamics of water transport across bronchial epithelial cell monolayers is pivotal for unraveling respiratory physiology and pathology. In this study, we employ an advanced microfluidic system to explore bidirectional water transport across 16HBE14σ bronchial epithelial cells. Previous experiments unveiled electroneutral multiple ion transport, with chloride ions utilizing transcellular pathways and sodium ions navigating both paracellular and transcellular routes. Unexpectedly, under isoosmotic conditions, rapid bidirectional movement of Na+ and Cl- was observed, leading to the hypothesis of a substantial transport of isoosmotic solution (145 mM NaCl) across cell monolayers. To validate this conjecture, we introduce an innovative microfluidic device, offering a 500-fold sensitivity improvement in quantifying fluid flow. This system enables the direct measurement of minuscule fluid volumes traversing cell monolayers with unprecedented precision. Our results challenge conventional models, indicating a self-regulating mechanism governing water transport that involves the CFTR channel and anion exchangers. In healthy subjects, equilibrium is achieved at an apical potential of Δφap = -30 mV, while subjects with cystic fibrosis exhibit modulation by an anion exchanger, reaching equilibrium at [Cl] = 67 mM in the airway surface liquid. This nuanced electrochemical basis for bidirectional water transport in bronchial epithelia sheds light on physiological intricacies and introduces a novel perspective for understanding respiratory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Zajac
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Krzysztof Dolowy
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gessner A, Müller F, Wenisch P, Heinrich MR, König J, Stopfer P, Fromm MF. A Metabolomic Analysis of Sensitivity and Specificity of 23 Previously Proposed Biomarkers for Renal Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 114:1058-1072. [PMID: 37540045 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous biomarkers are discussed as tools for detection of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) mediated by renal transport proteins, such as organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATE1 and MATE2-K) and organic anion transporters (OAT1 and OAT3). Whereas sensitivity of some endogenous biomarkers against at least one clinical transporter inhibitor has frequently been shown, intra-study comparisons of the extent of effects of inhibitors on different biomarkers are frequently lacking. Moreover, in vivo specificity of such discussed biomarkers has frequently not been studied. We therefore investigated changes of 10 previously described putative biomarkers for inhibition of OCT2/MATEs, as well as 15 previously described putative biomarkers for OATs in human plasma and urine samples of healthy volunteers in response to treatment with 4 inhibitors of transport proteins [verapamil (P-glycoprotein), rifampin (organic anion transporting polypeptides), cimetidine (OCT2/MATEs), and probenecid (OATs)]. Two of the putative biomarkers had been suggested for both OCT2/MATEs and OATs. All substances were unequivocally identified in an untargeted metabolomics assay. The OCT2/MATE biomarkers choline and trimethylamine N-oxide were both sensitive and specific (median log2-fold changes -1.18 in estimated renal elimination and -0.85 in urinary excretion, respectively). For renal OATs, indoleacetyl glutamine and indoleacetic acid (median log2-fold changes -3.77 and -2.85 in estimated renal elimination, respectively) were the candidates for sensitive and specific biomarkers with the most extensive change, followed by taurine, indolelactic acid, and hypoxanthine. This comprehensive study adds further knowledge on sensitivity and specificity of 23 previously described biomarkers of renal OCT2/MATE- and OAT-mediated DDIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Gessner
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Müller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Pia Wenisch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg König
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Stopfer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martin F Fromm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Farahzadi R, Hejazi MS, Molavi O, Pishgahzadeh E, Montazersaheb S, Jafari S. Clinical Significance of Carnitine in the Treatment of Cancer: From Traffic to the Regulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:9328344. [PMID: 37600065 PMCID: PMC10435298 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9328344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a common hallmark of cancer cells. Cancer cells exhibit metabolic flexibility to maintain high proliferation and survival rates. In other words, adaptation of cellular demand is essential for tumorigenesis, since a diverse supply of nutrients is required to accommodate tumor growth and progression. Diversity of carbon substrates fueling cancer cells indicate metabolic heterogeneity, even in tumors sharing the same clinical diagnosis. In addition to the alteration of glucose and amino acid metabolism in cancer cells, there is evidence that cancer cells can alter lipid metabolism. Some tumors rely on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as the primary energy source; hence, cancer cells overexpress the enzymes involved in FAO. Carnitine is an essential cofactor in the lipid metabolic pathways. It is crucial in facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. This role and others played by carnitine, especially its antioxidant function in cellular processes, emphasize the fine regulation of carnitine traffic within tissues and subcellular compartments. The biological activity of carnitine is orchestrated by specific membrane transporters that mediate the transfer of carnitine and its derivatives across the cell membrane. The concerted function of carnitine transporters creates a collaborative network that is relevant to metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. Here, the molecular mechanisms relevant to the role and expression of carnitine transporters are discussed, providing insights into cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elahe Pishgahzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Jafari
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin K, Kong X, Tao X, Zhai X, Lv L, Dong D, Yang S, Zhu Y. Research Methods and New Advances in Drug-Drug Interactions Mediated by Renal Transporters. Molecules 2023; 28:5252. [PMID: 37446913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is critical in the human body's excretion of drugs and their metabolites. Renal transporters participate in actively secreting substances from the proximal tubular cells and reabsorbing them in the distal renal tubules. They can affect the clearance rates (CLr) of drugs and their metabolites, eventually influence the clinical efficiency and side effects of drugs, and may produce drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of clinical significance. Renal transporters and renal transporter-mediated DDIs have also been studied by many researchers. In this article, the main types of in vitro research models used for the study of renal transporter-mediated DDIs are membrane-based assays, cell-based assays, and the renal slice uptake model. In vivo research models include animal experiments, gene knockout animal models, positron emission tomography (PET) technology, and studies on human beings. In addition, in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), ex vivo kidney perfusion (EVKP) models, and, more recently, biomarker methods and in silico models are included. This article reviews the traditional research methods of renal transporter-mediated DDIs, updates the recent progress in the development of the methods, and then classifies and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Through the sorting work conducted in this paper, it will be convenient for researchers at different learning stages to choose the best method for their own research based on their own subject's situation when they are going to study DDIs mediated by renal transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xiaorui Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Linlin Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yanna Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao D, Long X, Wang J. Transporter‑mediated drug‑drug interactions involving poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase inhibitors (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 25:161. [PMID: 36936025 PMCID: PMC10017913 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are novel targeted anticancer agents that have been widely used in patients with cancer, particularly in patients with breast-related cancer antigen 1/2 mutations. PARP inhibitors are administered orally and have been associated with improved efficacy and toxicity profiles when compared to conventional chemotherapy agents; this improvement is convenient and results in good compliance among patients with cancer. However, as PARP inhibitors are administered long-term and frequently concomitantly with other therapeutic agents, the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is increasing. Transporters are widely expressed in numerous types of tissue, where they have crucial roles in the membrane transport of several drugs. An alteration in the activity and expression of transporters may change the drug pharmacokinetics (PKs) and cause DDIs. As the five PARP inhibitors (olaparib, niraparib, rucaparib, talazoparib and veliparib) are transporter substrates, inhibitors or inducers, the potential transporter-mediated DDIs with the use of PARP inhibitors should be taken into consideration when co-administered with other agents. The present review focused on recent findings on transporter-mediated DDIs with PARP inhibitors to provide specific recommendations for reducing the occurrence of undesired DDIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Dehua Zhao, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), 190 Jiannan Dong Street, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China,
| | - Xiaoqing Long
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Modulation of Endothelial Function by TMAO, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065806. [PMID: 36982880 PMCID: PMC10054148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial function is essential in the maintenance of systemic homeostasis, whose modulation strictly depends on the proper activity of tissue-specific angiocrine factors on the physiopathological mechanisms acting at both single and multi-organ levels. Several angiocrine factors take part in the vascular function itself by modulating vascular tone, inflammatory response, and thrombotic state. Recent evidence has outlined a strong relationship between endothelial factors and gut microbiota-derived molecules. In particular, the direct involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the development of endothelial dysfunction and its derived pathological outcomes, such as atherosclerosis, has come to light. Indeed, the role of TMAO in the modulation of factors strictly related to the development of endothelial dysfunction, such as nitric oxide, adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and selectins), and IL-6, has been widely accepted. The aim of this review is to present the latest studies that describe a direct role of TMAO in the modulation of angiocrine factors primarily involved in the development of vascular pathologies.
Collapse
|
18
|
The Role of Organic Cation Transporters in the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032101. [PMID: 36768423 PMCID: PMC9917293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) decisively contributed in revolutionizing the therapeutic approach to cancer, offering non-invasive, tolerable therapies for a better quality of life. Nonetheless, degree and duration of the response to TKI therapy vary depending on cancer molecular features, the ability of developing resistance to the drug, on pharmacokinetic alterations caused by germline variants and unwanted drug-drug interactions at the level of membrane transporters and metabolizing enzymes. A great deal of approved TKIs are inhibitors of the organic cation transporters (OCTs). A handful are also substrates of them. These transporters are polyspecific and highly expressed in normal epithelia, particularly the intestine, liver and kidney, and are, hence, arguably relevant sites of TKI interactions with other OCT substrates. Moreover, OCTs are often repressed in cancer cells and might contribute to the resistance of cancer cells to TKIs. This article reviews the OCT interactions with approved and in-development TKIs reported in vitro and in vivo and critically discusses the potential clinical ramifications thereof.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang X, Hu L, Wang C, He B, Fu Z, Jin C, Jin Y. Cross-generational effects of maternal exposure to imazalil on anaerobic components and carnitine absorption associated with OCTN2 expression in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136542. [PMID: 36150497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Imazalil (IMZ) is a fungicide recommended by the Chinese ministry of agriculture. However, recent study was observed high level of IMZ by dietary exposure in pregnant women. To determine the cross-generational effects, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to IMZ at dietary levels of 0, 0.025‰, and 0.25‰ during the gestation and lactation periods. Then, we assessed the changes in growth phenotypes, carnitine levels, and gut microbiota in F0, F1 or F2 generations. The growth phenotypes of dams didn't observe significant difference, but there were significant changes in the offspring. Plasma samples revealed low levels of free carnitine (C0), long-chain acyl-carnitines and total carnitine. In particular, C0 may be regarded as relatively potential, specific markers by maternal IMZ exposure. Caco2 cell culture and animal experiment confirmed IMZ affected carnitine absorption through the organic cation transporter type-2 (OCTN2) protein encoded by solute carrier family 22A member 5 (SLC22A5) gene in colon. Maternal IMZ exposure also had a greater effect on gut microbiota in offspring, especially anaerobic bacteria, which positively correlated with C0 and acyl-carnitines. These results suggested that maternal IMZ exposure affected carnitine absorption through OCTN2 protein, which led to the decline of anaerobic bacteria and unbalanced intestinal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Lingyu Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Akhtarkhavari T, Bahrami AR, M Matin M. Downregulation of miR-21 as a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175233. [PMID: 36038011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous achievements in the field of targeted cancer therapy, chemotherapy is still the main treatment option, which is challenged by acquired drug resistance. Various microRNAs are involved in developing drug-resistant cells. miR-21 is one of the first identified miRNAs involved in this process. Here, we conducted a literature review to categorize different mechanisms employed by miR-21 to drive drug resistance. miR-21 targets various genes involved in many pathways that can justify chemoresistance. It alters cancer cell metabolism and facilitates adaptation to the new environment. It also enhances drug detoxification in cancerous cells and increases genomic instability. We also summarized various strategies applied for the inhibition of miR-21 in order to reverse cancer drug resistance. These strategies include the delivery of antagomiRs, miRZip knockdown vectors, inhibitory small molecules, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, catalytic nucleic acids, artificial DNA and RNA sponges, and nanostructures like mesoporous silica nanoparticles, dendrimers, and exosomes. Furthermore, current challenges and limitations in targeting miR-21 are discussed in this article. Although huge progress has been made in the downregulation of miR-21 in drug-resistant cancer cells, there are still many challenges to be resolved. More research is still required to find the best strategy and timeline for the downregulation of miR-21 and also the most feasible approach for the delivery of this system into the tumor cells. In conclusion, downregulation of miR-21 would be a promising strategy to reverse chemoresistance, but still, more studies are required to clarify the aforementioned issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Akhtarkhavari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Actions of Metformin in the Brain: A New Perspective of Metformin Treatments in Related Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158281. [PMID: 35955427 PMCID: PMC9368983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line drug for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the world. Besides its hypoglycemic effects, metformin also can improve cognitive or mood functions in some T2DM patients; moreover, it has been reported that metformin exerts beneficial effects on many neurological disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Fragile X syndrome (FXS); however, the mechanism underlying metformin in the brain is not fully understood. Neurotransmission between neurons is fundamental for brain functions, and its defects have been implicated in many neurological disorders. Recent studies suggest that metformin appears not only to regulate synaptic transmission or plasticity in pathological conditions but also to regulate the balance of excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) in neural networks. In this review, we focused on and reviewed the roles of metformin in brain functions and related neurological disorders, which would give us a deeper understanding of the actions of metformin in the brain.
Collapse
|
22
|
Gould GG, Barba-Escobedo PA, Horton RE, Daws LC. High Affinity Decynium-22 Binding to Brain Membrane Homogenates and Reduced Dorsal Camouflaging after Acute Exposure to it in Zebrafish. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:841423. [PMID: 35754508 PMCID: PMC9218599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporters (OCTs) are expressed in the mammalian brain, kidney, liver, placenta, and intestines, where they facilitate the transport of cations and other substrates between extracellular fluids and cells. Despite increasing reliance on ectothermic vertebrates as alternative toxicology models, properties of their OCT homologs transporting many drugs and toxins remain poorly characterized. Recently, in zebrafish (Danio rerio), two proteins with functional similarities to human OCTs were shown to be highly expressed in the liver, kidney, eye, and brain. This study is the first to characterize in vivo uptake to the brain and the high-affinity brain membrane binding of the mammalian OCT blocker 1-1'-diethyl-2,2'cyanine iodide (decynium-22 or D-22) in zebrafish. Membrane saturation binding of [3H] D-22 in pooled zebrafish whole brain versus mouse hippocampal homogenates revealed a high-affinity binding site with a KD of 5 ± 2.5 nM and Bmax of 1974 ± 410 fmol/mg protein in the zebrafish brain, and a KD of 3.3 ± 2.3 and Bmax of 704 ± 182 fmol/mg protein in mouse hippocampus. The binding of [3H] D-22 to brain membrane homogenates was partially blocked by the neurotoxic cation 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a known OCT substrate. To determine if D-22 bath exposures reach the brain, zebrafish were exposed to 25 nM [3H] D-22 for 10 min, and 736 ± 68 ng/g wet weight [3H] D-22 was bound. Acute behavioral effects of D-22 in zebrafish were characterized in two anxiety-relevant tests. In the first cohort of zebrafish, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/L D-22 had no effect on their height in the dive tank or entries and time spent in white arms of a light/dark plus maze. By contrast, 25 mg/L buspirone increased zebrafish dive tank top-dwelling (p < 0.05), an anticipated anxiolytic effect. However, a second cohort of zebrafish treated with 50 mg/L D-22 made more white arm entries, and females spent more time in white than controls. Based on these findings, it appears that D-22 bath treatments reach the zebrafish brain and have partial anxiolytic properties, reducing anti-predator dorsal camouflaging, without increasing vertical exploration. High-affinity binding of [3H] D-22 in zebrafish brain and mouse brain was similar, with nanomolar affinity, possibly at conserved OCT site(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgianna G Gould
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Priscilla A Barba-Escobedo
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca E Horton
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Lynette C Daws
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Impairs Purinergic Induced Intracellular Calcium Increase and Nitric Oxide Release in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073982. [PMID: 35409341 PMCID: PMC8999849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a diet derived compound directly introduced through foodstuff, or endogenously synthesized from its precursors, primarily choline, L-carnitine, and ergothioneine. New evidence outlines high TMAO plasma concentrations in patients with overt cardiovascular disease, but its direct role in pathological development is still controversial. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of TMAO in affecting key intracellular factors involved in endothelial dysfunction development, such as reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial health, calcium balance, and nitric oxide release using bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAE-1). Cell viability and oxidative stress indicators were monitored after acute and prolonged TMAO treatment. The role of TMAO in interfering with the physiological purinergic vasodilatory mechanism after ATP stimulation was defined through measurements of the rise of intracellular calcium, nitric oxide release, and eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1179 (eNOSSer1179). TMAO was not cytotoxic for BAE-1 and it did not induce the rise of reactive oxygen species and impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential, either in the basal condition or in the presence of a stressor. In contrast, TMAO modified the purinergic response affecting intracellular ATP-induced calcium increase, nitric oxide release, and eNOSSer1179. Results obtained suggest a possible implication of TMAO in impairing the endothelial-dependent vasodilatory mechanism.
Collapse
|
24
|
Saad AAA, Zhang F, Mohammed EAH, Wu X. Clinical Aspects of Drug–Drug Interaction and Drug Nephrotoxicity at Renal Organic Cation Transporters 2 (OCT2) and Multidrug and Toxin Exclusion 1, and 2-K (MATE1/MATE2-K). Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:382-393. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | | | - Xin’an Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mahdi M, Hermán L, Réthelyi JM, Bálint BL. Potential Role of the Antidepressants Fluoxetine and Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3812. [PMID: 35409171 PMCID: PMC8998734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mapping non-canonical cellular pathways affected by approved medications can accelerate drug repurposing efforts, which are crucial in situations with a global impact such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Fluoxetine and fluvoxamine are well-established and widely-used antidepressive agents that act as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI-s). Interestingly, these drugs have been reported earlier to act as lysosomotropic agents, inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase in the lysosomes, and as ligands of sigma-1 receptors, mechanisms that might be used to fight severe outcomes of COVID-19. In certain cases, these drugs were administered for selected COVID-19 patients because of their antidepressive effects, while in other cases, clinical studies were performed to assess the effect of these drugs on treating COVID-19 patients. Clinical studies produced promising data that encourage the further investigation of fluoxetine and fluvoxamine regarding their use in COVID-19. In this review, we summarize experimental data and the results of the performed clinical studies. We also provide an overview of previous knowledge on the tissue distribution of these drugs and by integrating this information with the published experimental results, we highlight the real opportunity of using these drugs in our fight against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Infectology Clinic, University of Debrecen Clinical Centre, Bartók Béla út 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Hermán
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint László Bálint
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mei X, Xu L, Ren Y, Yu M, Kuang L, Li C, Zhang Y, Lu C, Wang Z, Guo Z, Xie X, Huang D, Zhang M. Transcriptome Comparison of Chorion-Attached and Non-chorion-attached Endometrium in Mid-gestation of Rabbit. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:838802. [PMID: 35372533 PMCID: PMC8965606 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.838802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chorion from the placenta is directly attached to the endometrium (CA) after embryo implantation while some parts of the endometrium are not chorion-attached (NCA). The differences in gene expression between the CA and NCA endometrium mid-gestation are unknown. Our objective was to compare the gene expression profiles of the CA and NCA endometrium of rabbit, to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and correlate the differences with the physiological state of the endometrium at mid-gestation of rabbit. Methods We used transcriptome sequencing to reveal the differences in gene expression between CA and NCA endometrium (n = 3), and then determined the concentration of inflammatory cytokines in CA and NCA tissue and serum by ELISA. Results Six Hundred and Forty-Six DEGs were identified between the CA and NCA endometrium [p < 0.05, |log2 (fold change) |≥ 2], The expression levels of 590 DEGs were higher in the NCA endometrium than in the CA endometrium, while the expression level of only 56 DEGs were higher in CA than in NCA. The DEGs were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways related to immune regulation and cellular adhesions. Six hub-genes related to inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and chemokine signaling pathways had a lower expression level in the CA endometrium compared to the NCA endometrium, and the expression levels of genes related to focal adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptors were significantly higher in NCA endometrium than in CA endometrium. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines accumulated in the CA endometrium, and high abundance of integrin-β and THBS1 were localized in the luminal epithelium of the NCA endometrium, but not in the CA endometrium. Conclusions Our study reveals differences in gene expression between the CA and NCA endometrium at mid-gestation of rabbit, and suggests implications for endometrial physiological function. The CA endometrium showed relative low-level gene expression compared to the NCA endometrium, while the NCA endometrium performed physiological functions related to focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Mei
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minjie Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangde Kuang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Congyan Li
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanzhi Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengping Huang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Dengping Huang
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Godinez A, Rajput R, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Basavarajappa D, Sharma S, You Y, Pushpitha K, Dhiman K, Mirzaei M, Graham S, Gupta V. Neuroserpin, a crucial regulator for axogenesis, synaptic modelling and cell-cell interactions in the pathophysiology of neurological disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:172. [PMID: 35244780 PMCID: PMC8897380 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neuroserpin is an axonally secreted serpin that is involved in regulating plasminogen and its enzyme activators, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The protein has been increasingly shown to play key roles in neuronal development, plasticity, maturation and synaptic refinement. The proteinase inhibitor may function both independently and through tPA-dependent mechanisms. Herein, we discuss the recent evidence regarding the role of neuroserpin in healthy and diseased conditions and highlight the participation of the serpin in various cellular signalling pathways. Several polymorphisms and mutations have also been identified in the protein that may affect the serpin conformation, leading to polymer formation and its intracellular accumulation. The current understanding of the involvement of neuroserpin in Alzheimer's disease, cancer, glaucoma, stroke, neuropsychiatric disorders and familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is presented. To truly understand the detrimental consequences of neuroserpin dysfunction and the effective therapeutic targeting of this molecule in pathological conditions, a cross-disciplinary understanding of neuroserpin alterations and its cellular signaling networks is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Godinez
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kunal Dhiman
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Han C, Zheng J, Wang F, Lu Q, Chen Q, Hu A, Visentin M, Kullak-Ublick GA, Gai Z, Chu L. The Role of NF-kB in the Downregulation of Organic Cation Transporter 2 Expression and Renal Cation Secretion in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:800421. [PMID: 35059420 PMCID: PMC8763702 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.800421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), encoded by the SLC22A2 gene, is the main cation transporter on the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells. OCT2 facilitates the entry step of the vectorial transport of most cations from the peritubular space into the urine. OCT2 downregulation in kidney disease models is apparent, yet not clear from a mechanistic vantage point. The aim of this study was to explore the role of inflammation, a common thread in kidney disease, and NF-kB in OCT2 modulation and tubular secretion. Among the OCTs, OCT2 was found consistently downregulated in the kidney of rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI) and in patients diagnosed with CKD, and it was associated with the upregulation of TNFα renal expression. Exposure to TNFα reduced the expression and function of OCT2 in primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC). Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of NF-kB rescued the expression of OCT2 in the presence of TNFα, indicating that OCT2 repression was NF-kB-dependent. In silico prediction coupled to gene reporter assay demonstrated the presence of at least one functional NF-kB cis-element upstream the transcription starting site of the SLC22A2 gene. Acute inflammation triggered by lipopolysaccharide injection induced TNFα expression and the downregulation of OCT2 in rat kidney. The inflammation did reduce the active secretion of the cation Rhodamine 123, with no impairment of the glomerular filtration. In conclusion, the NF-kB pathway plays a major role in the transcriptional regulation of OCT2 and, in turn, in the overall renal secretory capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Nephrology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Fengyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Qingyang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ankang Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Michele Visentin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Chu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Tengzhou Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Zaozhuang, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Tengzhou Hospital of Jining Medical University, Zaozhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Smirnova M, Goracci L, Cruciani G, Federici L, Declèves X, Chapy H, Cisternino S. Pharmacophore-Based Discovery of Substrates of a Novel Drug/Proton-Antiporter in the Human Brain Endothelial hCMEC/D3 Cell Line. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020255. [PMID: 35213988 PMCID: PMC8875908 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A drug/proton-antiporter, whose the molecular structure is still unknown, was previously evidenced at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by functional experiments. The computational method could help in the identification of substrates of this solute carrier (SLC) transporter. Two pharmacophore models for substrates of this transporter using the FLAPpharm approach were developed. The trans-stimulation potency of 40 selected compounds for already known specific substrates ([3H]-clonidine) were determined and compared in the human brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. Results. The two pharmacophore models obtained were used as templates to screen xenobiotic and endogenous compounds from four databases (e.g., Specs), and 45 hypothetical new candidates were tested to determine their substrate capacity. Psychoactive drugs such as antidepressants (e.g., imipramine, desipramine), antipsychotics/neuroleptics such as phenothiazine derivatives (chlorpromazine), sedatives anti-histamine-H1 drugs (promazine, promethazine, triprolidine, pheniramine), opiates/opioids (e.g., hydrocodone), trihexyphenidyl and sibutramine were correctly predicted as proton-antiporter substrates. The best performing pharmacophore model for the proton-antiporter substrates appeared as a good predictor of known substrates and allowed the identification of new substrate compounds. This model marks a new step in the characterization of this drug/proton-antiporter and will be of great use in uncovering its substrates and designing chemical entities with an improved influx capability to cross the BBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Smirnova
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR_S1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (L.F.); (X.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Laura Goracci
- Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (L.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (L.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Laetitia Federici
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR_S1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (L.F.); (X.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR_S1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (L.F.); (X.D.); (H.C.)
- Biologie du Médicament et Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Chapy
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR_S1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (L.F.); (X.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR_S1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (L.F.); (X.D.); (H.C.)
- Service Pharmacie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-44-495-191
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pochini L, Galluccio M, Scalise M, Console L, Pappacoda G, Indiveri C. OCTN1: A Widely Studied but Still Enigmatic Organic Cation Transporter Linked to Human Pathology and Drug Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020914. [PMID: 35055100 PMCID: PMC8776198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Novel Organic Cation Transporter, OCTN1, is the first member of the OCTN subfamily; it belongs to the wider Solute Carrier family SLC22, which counts many members including cation and anion organic transporters. The tertiary structure has not been resolved for any cation organic transporter. The functional role of OCNT1 is still not well assessed despite the many functional studies so far conducted. The lack of a definitive identification of OCTN1 function can be attributed to the different experimental systems and methodologies adopted for studying each of the proposed ligands. Apart from the contradictory data, the international scientific community agrees on a role of OCTN1 in protecting cells and tissues from oxidative and/or inflammatory damage. Moreover, the involvement of this transporter in drug interactions and delivery has been well clarified, even though the exact profile of the transported/interacting molecules is still somehow confusing. Therefore, OCTN1 continues to be a hot topic in terms of its functional role and structure. This review focuses on the most recent advances on OCTN1 in terms of functional aspects, physiological roles, substrate specificity, drug interactions, tissue expression, and relationships with pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pochini
- Unit of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4c, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (L.P.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (L.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Unit of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4c, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (L.P.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (L.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Unit of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4c, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (L.P.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (L.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Lara Console
- Unit of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4c, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (L.P.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (L.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Gilda Pappacoda
- Unit of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4c, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (L.P.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (L.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Unit of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4c, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (L.P.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (L.C.); (G.P.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), National Research Council—CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Subchronic exposure of individual and combined ochratoxin A and citrinin selectively affects the expression of rat renal organic cation transporters. Mycotoxin Res 2022; 38:61-70. [PMID: 35028911 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-022-00450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) are nephrotoxins found co-occurring in various human/animal food/feed and recognized as a health threat. However, most studies investigate individual effects and neglect their combined nephrotoxic effects in mammals. Previous studies have indicated that organic anion/cation transporters (OATs/OCTs) localized in renal proximal tubules mediate the transport of OTA and CIT. Still, little is known about the in vivo effects of individual/combined OTA and CIT on protein localization/expression of OCTs, physiologically/pharmacologically important renal transporters. Here, we used Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy to study the effects of subchronic (21-day) exposure to individual/combined OTA (0.125 and 0.250 mg kg-1 b.w.) and CIT (20 mg kg-1 b.w.) on protein localization/expression of organic cation transporters (rOct1/Slc22a1 and rOct2/Slc22a2) in kidneys of Wistar rats. Since the antioxidant resveratrol (RSV) has shown measurable protective effects against OTA- and CIT-related oxidative stress toxicity in vitro, we investigated the effects of an OTA + CIT + RSV combination on rOct1/2 localization/expression in the same model. Individual OTA induced a dose-dependent decrease of rOct1 but not rOct2 protein expression, whereas their localization pattern remained unchanged. Individual CIT did not affect the renal rOct1/2 protein localization/expression. Combined OTA + CIT exposure induced a significant decrease of rOct1 protein expression by an OTA250 dose, whereas oral co-administration of OTA + CIT + RSV resulted in a significant decrease of rOct1/2 protein expression. Thus, we revealed an OTA-related selective effect on the rOct1/2 protein expression and a non-specific adverse effect of RSV in the OTA + CIT + RSV combination on the renal organic cation transport system in rat.
Collapse
|
32
|
Koto Y, Kawahara H, Kurata K, Yoshikiyo K, Hashiguchi A, Okano K, Sugiura N, Shimizu K, Shimizu H. Microcystin-LR incorporated into colonic cells through probenecid-sensitive transporters leads to upregulated MCP-1 expression induced by JNK activation. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:937-944. [PMID: 35875256 PMCID: PMC9301606 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algae that inhabit eutrophic lakes produce cyanotoxic microcystins. Therefore, the relationship between chronic exposure to microcystins via drinking water and organ disorders has been investigated. The present study aimed to determine whether representative microcystin-LR is involved in increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in rat colonic mucosa and enterocyte-like differentiated Caco-2 cells. The mRNA expression of MCP-1 was increased in the colons of rats administered with microcystin-LR, compared with controls. Furthermore, mRNA levels of MCP-1 expression significantly and positively correlated with those of Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor E1 (ADGRE1; EMR1; F4/80), an indicator of macrophage infiltration, suggesting that increased MCP-1 expression induced by microcystin-LR promotes macrophage infiltration into the colon. Microcystin-LR increased MCP-1 expression in enterocyte-like differentiated Caco-2 cells, by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38. The findings of transporter inhibitors indicated that microcystin-LR is incorporated into cells via ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) or solute carrier (SLC) transporters other than the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs)1B1, 1B3, 2B1, and 1A2, which this leads to increased MCP-1 expression in the colon through activating JNK. Thus, increased MCP-1 expression induced by microcystin-LR might be a trigger for initiating tumorigenesis with inflammation in the colon because increased MCP-1 expression induces inflammation associated with macrophage infiltration into the colon, and chronic inflammation is associated with the initiation of tumorigenesis. Microcystin-LR upregulated colonic MCP-1 expression in rats. Increased MCP-1 expression correlated with accumulated macrophages in rat colon. Microcystin-LR evoked MCP-1 expression by activating JNK in cultured colon cells. Rifampicin was not involved in microcystin-LR-induced JNK activation. Probenecid suppressed JNK/MCP-1 pathway activation induced by microcystin-LR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Koto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kawahara
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Koichi Kurata
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshikiyo
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hashiguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Environmental Systems Science, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Okano
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Norio Sugiura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Project Center for Fortification of Local Specialty Food Functions, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Correspondence to: Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Agostini F, Masato A, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M. Metformin Repurposing for Parkinson Disease Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010398. [PMID: 35008822 PMCID: PMC8745385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that affects around 2% of the population over 65 years old. It is characterized by the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, resulting in motor disabilities of the patients. At present, only symptomatic cures are available, without suppressing disease progression. In this frame, the anti-diabetic drug metformin has been investigated as a potential disease modifier for PD, being a low-cost and generally well-tolerated medication, which has been successfully used for decades in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite the precise mechanisms of action of metformin being not fully elucidated, the drug has been known to influence many cellular pathways that are associated with PD pathology. In this review, we present the evidence in the literature supporting the neuroprotective role of metformin, i.e., autophagy upregulation, degradation of pathological α-synuclein species, and regulation of mitochondrial functions. The epidemiological studies conducted in diabetic patients under metformin therapy aimed at evaluating the correlation between long-term metformin consumption and the risk of developing PD are also discussed. Finally, we provide an interpretation for the controversial results obtained both in experimental models and in clinical studies, thus providing a possible rationale for future investigations for the repositioning of metformin for PD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Agostini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (F.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Masato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (F.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (F.A.); (A.M.)
- Center Study for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (F.A.); (A.M.)
- Center Study for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cahua-Pablo JÁ, Gómez-Zamudio JH, Reséndiz-Abarca CA, Tello-Flores VA, Eulogio-Metodio Y, Ramírez-Vargas MA, Cruz M, Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero L, Matia-García I, Marino-Ortega LA, Zubillaga-Guerrero MI, Flores-Alfaro E. Genetic variants in SLC22A1 are related to serum lipid levels in Mexican women. Lipids 2021; 57:105-114. [PMID: 34927264 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is the main risk factor for coronary artery disease and is characterized by alterations in concentrations of lipids, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triacylglycerols. The participation of several genes in the development of dyslipidemia has been evidenced. Genetic variants in SLC22A1 have been associated with elevated cholesterol and LDL-c levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC22A1 gene with atherogenic risk lipid levels in Mexican women. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed, and four SNPs in SLC22A1 were genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was verified, and haplotype frequencies were calculated. We found significant differences between the allele frequencies of the SNPs analyzed with those reported in Mexico and in the world, which could be due to differences in the historical admixture of the women studied. Generalized linear models were evaluated to determine the association between genotypes and haplotypes with lipids levels. We identified a significant increase in total cholesterol and LDL-c levels in women who were carriers of the GA and AG genotypes of the polymorphisms rs628031 and rs594709, respectively, significant effect that is also shown in a dominant inheritance model. Interestingly, we identified an important relationship of the AGC-GAT haplotype with the elevation in LDL-c levels and AGA-GAT haplotype with the elevation in HDL-c levels. On the other hand, we found a strong linkage disequilibrium between the polymorphisms studied. Our results show that variants in the SLC22A1 gene influence serum levels of atherogenic risk lipids, suggesting that these variants probably affect the function of organic cation transporter-1 and therefore, on the regulation of lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel Cahua-Pablo
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Jaime Héctor Gómez-Zamudio
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Reséndiz-Abarca
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Vianet Argelia Tello-Flores
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Yesica Eulogio-Metodio
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Ramírez-Vargas
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratorio en Citopatología e Histoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Inés Matia-García
- Laboratorio en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Linda Anahí Marino-Ortega
- Laboratorio en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Ma Isabel Zubillaga-Guerrero
- Laboratorio en Citopatología e Histoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yee SW, Giacomini KM. Emerging Roles of the Human Solute Carrier 22 Family. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:DMD-MR-2021-000702. [PMID: 34921098 PMCID: PMC9488978 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Solute Carrier 22 family (SLC22), also termed the organic ion transporter family, consists of 28 distinct multi-membrane spanning proteins, which phylogenetically cluster together according to their charge specificity for organic cations (OCTs), organic anions (OATs) and organic zwitterion/cations (OCTNs). Some SLC22 family members are well characterized in terms of their substrates, transport mechanisms and expression patterns, as well as their roles in human physiology and pharmacology, whereas others remain orphans with no known ligands. Pharmacologically, SLC22 family members play major roles as determinants of the absorption and disposition of many prescription drugs, and several including the renal transporters, OCT2, OAT1 and OAT3 are targets for many clinically important drug-drug interactions. In addition, mutations in some of these transporters (SLC22A5 (OCTN2) and SLC22A12 (URAT1) lead to rare monogenic disorders. Genetic polymorphisms in SLC22 transporters have been associated with common human disease, drug response and various phenotypic traits. Three members in this family were deorphaned in very recently: SLC22A14, SLC22A15 and SLC22A24, and found to transport specific compounds such as riboflavin (SLC22A14), anti-oxidant zwitterions (SLC22A15) and steroid conjugates (SLC22A24). Their physiologic and pharmacological roles need further investigation. This review aims to summarize the substrates, expression patterns and transporter mechanisms of individual SLC22 family members and their roles in human disease and drug disposition and response. Gaps in our understanding of SLC22 family members are described. Significance Statement In recent years, three members of the SLC22 family of transporters have been deorphaned and found to play important roles in the transport of diverse solutes. New research has furthered our understanding of the mechanisms, pharmacological roles, and clinical impact of SLC22 transporters. This minireview provides overview of SLC22 family members of their physiologic and pharmacologic roles, the impact of genetic variants in the SLC22 family on disease and drug response, and summary of recent studies deorphaning SLC22 family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sook Wah Yee
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Univerity of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Univerity of California, San Francisco, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Substrate-Dependent Trans-Stimulation of Organic Cation Transporter 2 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312926. [PMID: 34884730 PMCID: PMC8657912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search of substrates for solute carriers (SLCs) constitutes a major issue, owing notably to the role played by some SLCs, such as the renal electrogenic organic cation transporter (OCT) 2 (SLC22A2), in pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions and drug toxicity. For this purpose, substrates have been proposed to be identified by their cis-inhibition and trans-stimulation properties towards transporter activity. To get insights on the sensitivity of this approach for identifying SLC substrates, 15 various exogenous and endogenous OCT2 substrates were analysed in the present study, using 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide (DiASP) as a fluorescent OCT2 tracer substrate. All OCT2 substrates cis-inhibited DiASP uptake in OCT2-overexpressing HEK293 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 0.24 µM (for ipratropium) to 2.39 mM (for dopamine). By contrast, only 4/15 substrates, i.e., acetylcholine, agmatine, choline and metformin, trans-stimulated DiASP uptake, with a full suppression of the trans-stimulating effect of metformin by the reference OCT2 inhibitor amitriptyline. An analysis of molecular descriptors next indicated that trans-stimulating OCT2 substrates exhibit lower molecular weight, volume, polarizability and lipophilicity than non-trans-stimulating counterparts. Overall, these data indicated a rather low sensitivity (26.7%) of the trans-stimulation assay for identifying OCT2 substrates, and caution with respect to the use of such assay may therefore be considered.
Collapse
|
37
|
The role of cholesterol recognition (CARC/CRAC) mirror codes in the allosterism of the human organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2, SLC22A2). Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114840. [PMID: 34774844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The human organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) is a multispecific transporter with cholesterol-dependent allosteric features. The present work elucidates the role of evolutionarily conserved cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus sequences (CRAC and CARC) in the allosteric binding to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably or transiently expressing OCT2. Molecular blind simulations docked two mirroring cholesterol molecules in the 5th putative transmembrane domain, where a CARC and a CRAC sequence lie. The impact of the conserved amino acids that may constitute the CARC/CRAC mirror code was studied by alanine-scanning mutagenesis. At a saturating extracellular concentration of substrate, at which the impact of cholesterol depletion is maximal, five mutants transported MPP+ at a significantly lower rate than the wild-type OCT2 (WT), resembling the behavior of the WT upon cholesterol depletion. MPP+ influx rate as a function of the extracellular concentration of substrate was measured for the mutants R234A, R235A, L252A and R263A. R234A kinetic behavior was similar to that of the WT, whereas R235A, L252A and R263A activity shifted from allosteric to one-binding site kinetics, very much like the WT upon cholesterol depletion. The impact of cholesterol on protein thermal stability was assessed for WT, R234A and R263A. While the thermal stability of WT and R234A was improved by the supplementation with cholesterol, R263A was not sensitive to the presence of cholesterol. To conclude, the disruption of the CARC/CRAC mirror code in the 5th putative transmembrane domain is sufficient to abolish the allosteric interaction between OCT2 and MPP+.
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun D, Chen Q, Gai Z, Zhang F, Yang X, Hu W, Chen C, Yang G, Hörmann S, Kullak-Ublick GA, Visentin M. The Role of the Carnitine/Organic Cation Transporter Novel 2 in the Clinical Outcome of Patients With Locally Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma Treated With Oxaliplatin. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684545. [PMID: 34603016 PMCID: PMC8481660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the ninth most common malignancy worldwide, ranking sixth in mortality. Platinum-based chemotherapy is commonly used for treating locally advanced esophageal cancer, yet it is ineffective in a large portion of patients. There is a need for reliable molecular markers with direct clinical application for a prospective selection of patients who can benefit from chemotherapy and patients in whom toxicity is likely to outweigh the benefit. The cytotoxic activity of platinum derivatives largely depends on the uptake and accumulation into cells, primarily by organic cation transporters (OCTs). The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of OCT expression on the clinical outcome of patients with esophageal cancer treated with oxaliplatin. Twenty patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were prospectively enrolled and surgical specimens used for screening OCT expression level by western blotting and/or immunostaining, and for culture of cancer cells. Sixty-seven patients with SCC who received oxaliplatin and for whom follow-up was available were retrospectively assessed for organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2) expression by real time RT-PCR and immunostaining. OCTN2 staining was also performed in 22 esophageal adenocarcinomas. OCTN2 function in patient-derived cancer cells was evaluated by assessing L-carnitine uptake and sensitivity to oxaliplatin. The impact of OCTN2 on oxaliplatin activity was also assessed in HEK293 cells overexpressing OCTN2. OCTN2 expression was higher in tumor than in normal tissues. In patient-derived cancer cells and HEK293 cells, the expression of OCTN2 sensitized to oxaliplatin. Patients treated with oxaliplatin who had high OCTN2 level in the tumor tissue had a reduced risk of recurrence and a longer survival time than those with low expression of OCTN2 in tumor tissue. In conclusion, OCTN2 is expressed in esophageal cancer and it is likely to contribute to the accumulation and cytotoxic activity of oxaliplatin in patients with esophageal carcinoma treated with oxaliplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wensi Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Chengyu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Guangjie Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Severin Hörmann
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michele Visentin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nilsson Å, Duan RD, Ohlsson L. Digestion and Absorption of Milk Phospholipids in Newborns and Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:724006. [PMID: 34490332 PMCID: PMC8417471 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.724006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk polar lipids provide choline, ethanolamine, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are needed for the growth and plasticity of the tissues in a suckling child. They may also inhibit cholesterol absorption by interacting with cholesterol during micelle formation. They may also have beneficial luminal, mucosal, and metabolic effects in both the neonate and the adult. The milk fat globule membrane contains large proportions of sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and some phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and glycosphingolipids. Large-scale technical procedures are available for the enrichment of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in milk replacement formulations and food additives. Pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and mucosal phospholipase B digest glycero-phospholipids in the adult. In the neonate, where these enzymes may be poorly expressed, pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 probably has a more important role. Mucosal alkaline SM-ase and ceramidase catalyze the digestion of SM in both the neonate and the adult. In the mucosa, the sphingosine is converted into sphingosine-1-phosphate, which is both an intermediate in the conversion to palmitic acid and a signaling molecule. This reaction sequence also generates ethanolamine. Here, we summarize the pathways by which digestion and absorption may be linked to the biological effects of milk polar lipids. In addition to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption and the generation of lipid signals in the gut, the utilization of absorbed choline and ethanolamine for mucosal and hepatic phospholipid synthesis and the acylation of absorbed lyso-PC with polyunsaturated fatty acids to chylomicron and mucosal phospholipids are important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åke Nilsson
- Division of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rui-Dong Duan
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Ohlsson
- Division of Medicine, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a serine hydrolase whose primary function is to degrade acetylcholine (ACh) and terminate neurotransmission. Apart from its role in synaptic transmission, AChE has several "non-classical" functions in non-neuronal cells. AChE is involved in cellular growth, apoptosis, drug resistance pathways, response to stress signals and inflammation. The observation that the functional activity of AChE is altered in human tumors (relative to adjacent matched normal tissue) has raised several intriguing questions about its role in the pathophysiology of human cancers. Published reports show that AChE is a vital regulator of oncogenic signaling pathways involving proliferation, differentiation, cell-cell adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis of primary tumors. The objective of this book chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the contributions of the AChE-signaling pathway in the growth of progression of human cancers. The AChE isoforms, AChE-T, AChE-R and AChE-S are robustly expressed in human cancer cell lines as well in human tumors (isolated from patients). Traditionally, AChE-modulators have been used in the clinic for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging studies reveal that these drugs could be repurposed for the treatment of human cancers. The discovery of potent, selective AChE ligands will provide new knowledge about AChE-regulatory pathways in human cancers and foster the hope of novel therapies for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Richbart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Justin C Merritt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Nicholas A Nolan
- West Virginia University Medical School, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kuo MT, Huang YF, Chou CY, Chen HHW. Targeting the Copper Transport System to Improve Treatment Efficacies of Platinum-Containing Drugs in Cancer Chemotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060549. [PMID: 34201235 PMCID: PMC8227247 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The platinum (Pt)-containing antitumor drugs including cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II, cDDP), carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, have been the mainstay of cancer chemotherapy. These drugs are effective in treating many human malignancies. The major cell-killing target of Pt drugs is DNA. Recent findings underscored the important roles of Pt drug transport system in cancer therapy. While many mechanisms have been proposed for Pt-drug transport, the high-affinity copper transporter (hCtr1), Cu chaperone (Atox1), and Cu exporters (ATP7A and ATP7B) are also involved in cDDP transport, highlighting Cu homeostasis regulation in Pt-based cancer therapy. It was demonstrated that by reducing cellular Cu bioavailable levels by Cu chelators, hCtr1 is transcriptionally upregulated by transcription factor Sp1, which binds the promoters of Sp1 and hCtr1. In contrast, elevated Cu poisons Sp1, resulting in suppression of hCtr1 and Sp1, constituting the Cu-Sp1-hCtr1 mutually regulatory loop. Clinical investigations using copper chelator (trientine) in carboplatin treatment have been conducted for overcoming Pt drug resistance due in part to defective transport. While results are encouraging, future development may include targeting multiple steps in Cu transport system for improving the efficacies of Pt-based cancer chemotherapy. The focus of this review is to delineate the mechanistic interrelationships between Cu homeostasis regulation and antitumor efficacy of Pt drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macus Tien Kuo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Yu-Fang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Yang Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.C.); (H.H.W.C.)
| | - Helen H. W. Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.C.); (H.H.W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sharma HP, Halder N, Singh SB, Velpandian T. Evaluation of the Presence and Functional Importance of Nucleoside Transporters in Lacrimal Gland for Tear Disposition of Intravenously Injected Substrate in Rabbits. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1659-1665. [PMID: 33941003 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1925698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Purpose of the current study was to assess the presence and functionality of the nucleoside transporters in the lacrimal gland for the tear disposition of its substrate given intravenously in rabbits.Materials and Methods: Rabbits were divided into two groups - control and blocker pretreated. The blocker pretreated group received 5 mg/kg of dipyridamole 30 min before ribavirin (substrate), which was given at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. All the treatments were given intravenously. Blood and tear samples were collected at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 min (n = 4; each time point) after substrate administration. Tear samples were collected on Schirmer's strips, and plasma was separated immediately after blood collection. All the samples were stored at -80°C until analysis by LC-MS/MS.Results: Plasma ribavirin concentration for blocker pretreated group showed significantly (p < .05) higher levels at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 300 min as compared to the control group. Similarly, tear ribavirin concentration for blocker pretreated group also showed a significant (p < .05) increase at 5, 15, 60, 90, 180, 240 and 300 min compared to the control group. Plasma and tear AUC(0-6) for blocker pretreated group was 1.7 (p < .001) and 2.42 (p < .001) folds higher in a significant manner as compared to the control group, respectively. Percentage penetration of ribavirin from plasma to tears was also different between control and blocker pretreated group. Permeation ratio of ribavirin from plasma to tear for blocker pretreated group was found to be 1.4-folds higher in a significant (p < .05) manner.Conclusion: It is evident from the results that nucleoside transporters are present in lacrimal gland. The blocker treatment induced increase in tear transport of ribavirin indicates the possibility of the presence of nucleoside transporters on the apical side of lacrimal acinar cells in the uptake position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanuman Prasad Sharma
- Ocular Pharmacology & Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nabanita Halder
- Ocular Pharmacology & Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - T Velpandian
- Ocular Pharmacology & Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology of Transporters for Organic Cations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020732. [PMID: 33450934 PMCID: PMC7828435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
44
|
Gorecki M, Müller SF, Leidolf R, Geyer J. Trospium Chloride Transport by Mouse Drug Carriers of the Slc22 and Slc47 Families. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010022. [PMID: 33375004 PMCID: PMC7792585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The muscarinic receptor antagonist trospium chloride (TCl) is used for pharmacotherapy of the overactive bladder syndrome. TCl is a hydrophilic positively charged drug. Therefore, it has low permeability through biomembranes and requires drug transporters for distribution and excretion. In humans, the organic cation transporters OCT1 and OCT2 and the multidrug and toxin extrusion MATE1 and MATE2-K carriers showed TCl transport. However, their individual role for distribution and excretion of TCl is unclear. Knockout mouse models lacking mOct1/mOct2 or mMate1 might help to clarify their role for the overall pharmacokinetics of TCl. Method: In preparation of such experiments, TCl transport was analyzed in HEK293 cells stably transfected with the mouse carriers mOct1, mOct2, mMate1, and mMate2, respectively. Results: Mouse mOct1, mOct2, and mMate1 showed significant TCl transport with Km values of 58.7, 78.5, and 29.3 µM, respectively. In contrast, mMate2 did not transport TCl but showed MPP+ transport with Km of 60.0 µM that was inhibited by the drugs topotecan, acyclovir, and levofloxacin. Conclusion: TCl transport behavior as well as expression pattern were quite similar for the mouse carriers mOct1, mOct2, and mMate1 compared to their human counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joachim Geyer
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-99-38404; Fax: +49-641-99-38409
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Organic Cation Transporters in the Lung-Current and Emerging (Patho)Physiological and Pharmacological Concepts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239168. [PMID: 33271927 PMCID: PMC7730617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporters (OCT) 1, 2 and 3 and novel organic cation transporters (OCTN) 1 and 2 of the solute carrier 22 (SLC22) family are involved in the cellular transport of endogenous compounds such as neurotransmitters, l-carnitine and ergothioneine. OCT/Ns have also been implicated in the transport of xenobiotics across various biological barriers, for example biguanides and histamine receptor antagonists. In addition, several drugs used in the treatment of respiratory disorders are cations at physiological pH and potential substrates of OCT/Ns. OCT/Ns may also be associated with the development of chronic lung diseases such as allergic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and, thus, are possible new drug targets. As part of the Special Issue "Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Transporters for Organic Cations", this review provides an overview of recent findings on the (patho)physiological and pharmacological functions of organic cation transporters in the lung.
Collapse
|