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Coşar A, Özcan P, Tanoglu FB, Tok OE, Özkara G, Timur HT, Çetin Ç, Neccar D. Comparative effects of the antioxidant glutathione with metformin and Diane-35 on hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory indicators in a DHEA-induced PCOS rat model. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2302086. [PMID: 38254321 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2302086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comparison of hormonal, metabolic and inflammatory markers of glutathione with metformin and Diane-35 in a rat model of PCOS induced by dehydroepiandrosterone. METHODS Twenty-five female rats were randomized into four groups. Group 1 was administered a subcutaneous dose of 0.2 ml saline/day. Group 2 was given 0.2 ml of 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/day orally for 28 days. A PCOS model was established with DHEA in rats. Group 3 was given 4.5 mg/kg/day of Diane-35 orally dissolved in 1% CMC for 28 days. Group 4 was given 300 mg/kg/day of metformin orally dissolved in 1 ml of saline for 28 days, and Group 5 was administered 100 mg/kg of glutathione intraperitoneally on days 35, 42, and 49. On day 56, the rats were sacrificed. Serum markers and follicle count were examined. RESULTS Serum IL-6, hs-CRP, insulin, testosterone, SHBG, and MDA values were significantly lower in the glutathione group than in the PCOS group (p = 0.0006, p = 0.023, p = 0.0082, p = 0.0007, p = 0.0048, and p < 0.0001, respectively).The number of all follicles was similar between the control and glutathione groups (p < 0.05). When we compared the other groups with the PCOS group, the number of primary, secondary, atretic, and cystic follicles was significantly lower in the metformin and glutathione groups. The number of primordial and antral follicles was significantly higher than in the PCOS group. CONCLUSIONS Glutathione plays anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles, similar to metformin, by lowering serum IL-6, insulin, testosterone, CRP, and MDA levels; decreasing atretic/cystic follicle count; and improving antral follicle count and folliculogenesis in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Coşar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bezmialem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Pınar Özcan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bezmialem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Fatma Basak Tanoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bezmialem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Olgu Enis Tok
- School of Medicine and Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Gülçin Özkara
- Department of Medical Biology, Bezmialem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Hikmet Tunç Timur
- Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Çağlar Çetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bezmialem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Duygu Neccar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Doughan M, Chehab O, Doughan B, Lima JAC, Michos ED. Association of endogenous sex hormone levels with tooth loss due to periodontitis in men and post-menopausal women: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38895935 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between endogenous sex hormone levels and history of tooth loss related to periodontitis in healthy middle-aged to older men and post-menopausal women. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 5649 participants aged 45-84 (mean age, 63 ± 10 years) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort who had sex hormone levels measured and answered a questionnaire regarding perceived periodontal status at exam 1. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of sex hormones (exposure) with history of tooth loss (outcome), stratified by sex. RESULTS Among post-menopausal women, higher free testosterone (per 1SD) was associated with a greater prevalence of tooth loss [OR 1.49 (95% CI, 1.08-2.05)], whereas higher sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was associated with a lower prevalence of tooth loss [OR 0.74 (0.58-0.94)], after adjustment for cardiometabolic risk factors and reproductive factors. In men, higher free testosterone and lower SHBG were associated with a lower prevalent probability of tooth loss in unadjusted analysis, but these associations lost significance after covariate adjustment. CONCLUSION A higher androgenic sex hormone profile in post-menopausal women (i.e., increased free testosterone, lower SHBG) was associated with an increased prevalence of tooth loss, after adjusting cardiometabolic risk factors. No such association was found in men. These findings suggest that sex hormones may influence or serve as a marker for periodontal health.
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Grants
- R01 HL074406 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL074338 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 946222 American Heart Association
- HHSN268201500003I NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01-HC-95159 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95160 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95161 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95162 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95163 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95164 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95165 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95166 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95167 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95168 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95169 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- Johns Hopkins University: Amato Fund in Women's Cardiovascular Health Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doughan
- School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Omar Chehab
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bassel Doughan
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Joao A C Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ma H, Chen Y. Examining the causal relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and infertility: A Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304216. [PMID: 38848344 PMCID: PMC11161117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and infertility has remained unclear. Thus, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate this relationship. METHODS Risk factors for SHBG were extracted from European individuals within the UK Biobank using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. Summary-level data for infertility outcomes were obtained from the FinnGen dataset. The causal relationship between SHBG and infertility was examined using inverse variance weighted, weighted model, weighted median, and MR-Egger regression analyses. Additionally, Cochran's Q test and Egger intercept tests were used to confirm the heterogeneity and pleiotropy of identified instrumental variables (IVs). RESULTS Our findings revealed a significant negative association between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels and infertility, particularly with anovulation, a specific form of female infertility. However, SHBG did not exert a causal impact on male infertility or on female infertility of tubal origin. CONCLUSIONS SHBG expression offers protection against the development of certain types of female infertility, suggesting it is a potential therapeutic target for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghao Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ningde People’s Hospital, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Cao S, Hu Y. Creating machine learning models that interpretably link systemic inflammatory index, sex steroid hormones, and dietary antioxidants to identify gout using the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367340. [PMID: 38751428 PMCID: PMC11094226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between systemic inflammatory index (SII), sex steroid hormones, dietary antioxidants (DA), and gout has not been determined. We aim to develop a reliable and interpretable machine learning (ML) model that links SII, sex steroid hormones, and DA to gout identification. Methods The dataset we used to study the relationship between SII, sex steroid hormones, DA, and gout was from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Six ML models were developed to identify gout by SII, sex steroid hormones, and DA. The seven performance discriminative features of each model were summarized, and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model with the best overall performance was selected to identify gout. We used the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method to explain the XGBoost model and its decision-making process. Results An initial survey of 20,146 participants resulted in 8,550 being included in the study. Selecting the best performing XGBoost model associated with SII, sex steroid hormones, and DA to identify gout (male: AUC: 0.795, 95% CI: 0.746- 0.843, accuracy: 98.7%; female: AUC: 0.822, 95% CI: 0.754- 0.883, accuracy: 99.2%). In the male group, The SHAP values showed that the lower feature values of lutein + zeaxanthin (LZ), vitamin C (VitC), lycopene, zinc, total testosterone (TT), vitamin E (VitE), and vitamin A (VitA), the greater the positive effect on the model output. In the female group, SHAP values showed that lower feature values of E2, zinc, lycopene, LZ, TT, and selenium had a greater positive effect on model output. Conclusion The interpretable XGBoost model demonstrated accuracy, efficiency, and robustness in identifying associations between SII, sex steroid hormones, DA, and gout in participants. Decreased TT in males and decreased E2 in females may be associated with gout, and increased DA intake and decreased SII may reduce the potential risk of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Cao
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Stener-Victorin E, Teede H, Norman RJ, Legro R, Goodarzi MO, Dokras A, Laven J, Hoeger K, Piltonen TT. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38637590 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite affecting ~11-13% of women globally, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a substantially understudied condition. PCOS, possibly extending to men's health, imposes a considerable health and economic burden worldwide. Diagnosis in adults follows the International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, requiring two out of three criteria - clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and/or specific ovarian morphological characteristics or elevated anti-Müllerian hormone. However, diagnosing adolescents omits ovarian morphology and anti-Müllerian hormone considerations. PCOS, marked by insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, strongly contributes to early-onset type 2 diabetes, with increased odds for cardiovascular diseases. Reproduction-related implications include irregular menstrual cycles, anovulatory infertility, heightened risks of pregnancy complications and endometrial cancer. Beyond physiological manifestations, PCOS is associated with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, psychosexual dysfunction and negative body image, collectively contributing to diminished health-related quality of life in patients. Despite its high prevalence persisting into menopause, diagnosing PCOS often involves extended timelines and multiple health-care visits. Treatment remains ad hoc owing to limited understanding of underlying mechanisms, highlighting the need for research delineating the aetiology and pathophysiology of the syndrome. Identifying factors contributing to PCOS will pave the way for personalized medicine approaches. Additionally, exploring novel biomarkers, refining diagnostic criteria and advancing treatment modalities will be crucial in enhancing the precision and efficacy of interventions that will positively impact the lives of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Norman
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Science, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anuja Dokras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joop Laven
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kathleen Hoeger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Qi R, Liang Y, Yu J, Chen B, Jiang J, Wu X, Lu W, Li Z. Liraglutide improved the reproductive function of obese mice by upregulating the testicular AC3/cAMP/PKA pathway. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:31. [PMID: 38509558 PMCID: PMC10953080 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of male reproductive dysfunction is increasing annually, and many studies have shown that obesity can cause severe harm to male reproductive function. The mechanism of male reproductive dysfunction caused by obesity is unclear, and there is no ideal treatment. Identification of effective therapeutic drugs and elucidation of the molecular mechanism involved in male reproductive health are meaningful. In this study, we investigated the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on sex hormones, semen quality, and testicular AC3/cAMP/PKA levels in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. METHODS Obese mice and their lean littermates were treated with liraglutide or saline for 12 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured using a blood glucose test strip. The serum levels of insulin (INS), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), free testosterone (F-TESTO), estradiol (E2), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were detected using ELISA. The sperm morphology and sperm count were observed after Pap staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of testicular GLP-1R and AC3 were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Testicular cAMP levels and PKA activity were detected using ELISA. RESULTS Liraglutide treatment can decrease body weight, FBG, INS, HOMA-IR, E2 and SHBG levels; increase LH, FSH, T, and F-TESTO levels; increase sperm count; decrease the sperm abnormality rate; and increase GLP-1R and AC3 expression levels and cAMP levels and PKA activity in testicular tissue. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide can improve the sex hormone levels and semen quality of obese male mice. In addition to its weight loss effect, liraglutide can improve the reproductive function of obese male mice, which may also be related to the upregulation of AC3/cAMP/PKA pathway in the testis. This work lays the groundwork for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530199, China
| | - Yuzhen Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530199, China
| | - Jiaqin Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xingye Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Wensheng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Zhengming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Boegl M, Dewailly D, Marculescu R, Steininger J, Ott J, Hager M. The LH:FSH Ratio in Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: An Observational Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1201. [PMID: 38592037 PMCID: PMC10931730 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels show high interindividual variability, which significantly limits their diagnostic value in differentiating FHA from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Our aim was to profile the LH:FSH ratio in a large sample of patients with well-defined FHA. METHODS This observational study included all consecutive patients with FHA presenting to the Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, between January 2017 and August 2023. The main parameters of interest were the LH level, the FSH level, and the LH:FSH ratio. In a subgroup analysis, we compared the LH:FSH ratio of patients with PCO morphology (PCOM) on ultrasound with that of patients without PCOM. RESULTS A total of 135 patients were included. Only a minority of patients revealed FSH and LH levels ≤ 2.0 mIU/mL (13% and 39%, respectively). Most patients (81.5%) had an LH:FSH ratio ≤ 1.0, while a minority (2.2%) had a ratio ≥ 2.1. The LH:FSH ratio was similar in patients with and without PCOM. CONCLUSION In a well-defined FHA sample, the LH:FSH ratio was ≤ 1 in most patients. The LH:FSH ratio may prove useful in distinguishing FHA from PCOS but needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Boegl
- Clinical Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (J.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Didier Dewailly
- Faculty of Medicine Henri Warembourg, University of Lille, CEDEX, 59045 Lille, France;
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johanna Steininger
- Clinical Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (J.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Johannes Ott
- Clinical Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (J.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Marlene Hager
- Clinical Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (J.S.); (M.H.)
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Ponomarenko I, Pasenov K, Churnosova M, Sorokina I, Aristova I, Churnosov V, Ponomarenko M, Reshetnikov E, Churnosov M. Sex-Hormone-Binding Globulin Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in Caucasian Women of Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2182. [PMID: 38396861 PMCID: PMC10888713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In our work, the associations of GWAS (genome-wide associative studies) impact for sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-level SNPs with the risk of breast cancer (BC) in the cohort of Caucasian women of Russia were assessed. The work was performed on a sample of 1498 women (358 BC patients and 1140 control (non BC) subjects). SHBG correlated in previously GWAS nine polymorphisms such as rs780093 GCKR, rs17496332 PRMT6, rs3779195 BAIAP2L1, rs10454142 PPP1R21, rs7910927 JMJD1C, rs4149056 SLCO1B1, rs440837 ZBTB10, rs12150660 SHBG, and rs8023580 NR2F2 have been genotyped. BC risk effects of allelic and non-allelic SHBG-linked gene SNPs interactions were detected by regression analysis. The risk genetic factor for BC developing is an SHBG-lowering allele variant C rs10454142 PPP1R21 ([additive genetic model] OR = 1.31; 95%CI = 1.08-1.65; pperm = 0.024; power = 85.26%), which determines 0.32% of the cancer variance. Eight of the nine studied SHBG-related SNPs have been involved in cancer susceptibility as part of nine different non-allelic gene interaction models, the greatest contribution to which is made by rs10454142 PPP1R21 (included in all nine models, 100%) and four more SNPs-rs7910927 JMJD1C (five models, 55.56%), rs17496332 PRMT6 (four models, 44.44%), rs780093 GCKR (four models, 44.44%), and rs440837 ZBTB10 (four models, 44.44%). For SHBG-related loci, pronounced functionality in the organism (including breast, liver, fibroblasts, etc.) was predicted in silico, having a direct relationship through many pathways with cancer pathophysiology. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the involvement of SHBG-correlated genes polymorphisms in BC risk in Caucasian women in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia; (I.P.); (K.P.); (M.C.); (I.S.); (I.A.); (V.C.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
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Zhao S, Gu J, Tian Y, Wang R, Li W. Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin predict an increased breast cancer risk and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220822. [PMID: 38465341 PMCID: PMC10921478 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a serum glycoprotein exhibiting the unique feature of binding sex steroids with high affinity and specificity. Over the past few decades, there have been significant breakthroughs in our understanding of the function and regulation of SHBG. The biological role of SHBG has expanded from being considered a simple sex hormone transporter to being associated with several complex physiological and pathological changes in a variety of target tissues. Many factors can affect the plasma SHBG levels, with fluctuations in circulating levels affecting the development of various diseases, such as increasing the risk of developing breast cancer. This article reviews the clinical significance of changes in circulating SHBG levels in the development of breast cancer and the possible influence of these levels on endocrine drug resistance in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Higher levels of plasma SHBG significantly reduce the risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms by which SHBG affects breast cancer risk are also summarized in detail. Finally, transcriptomics and proteomics data revealed that SHBG expression in breast tissue can effectively distinguish breast cancer from normal tissue. Additionally, the association between SHBG expression levels and various classical tumor-related pathways was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jiaojiao Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ruoyan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu K, Wan G, Li Y, Liang Z, Meng Y, Yuan X, Duan J. Co-Analysis of Serum and Urine Differentially Expressed Proteins in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:718-727. [PMID: 38164767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of the enzyme α-l-iduronidase (IDUA), typically leading to devastating secondary pathophysiological cascades. Due to the irreversible nature of the disease's progression, early diagnosis and interventional treatment has become particularly crucial. Considering the fact that serum and urine are the most commonly used specimens in clinical practice for detection, we conducted an analysis to identify the differential protein profile in the serum and urine of MPS I patients using the tandem mass tag (TMT) technique. A total of 182 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected in serum, among which 9 showed significant differences as confirmed by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis. The proteins APOA1 and LGFBP3 were downregulated in serum, while the expression levels of ALDOB, CD163, CRTAC1, DPP4, LAMP2, SHBG, and SPP2 exhibited an increase. In further exploratory studies of urinary proteomics, 32 identified DEPs were consistent with the discovered findings in serum tests, specifically displaying a high diagnostic area under the curve (AUC) value. Thus, our study demonstrates the value of serum-urine integrated proteomic analysis in evaluating the clinical course of MPS I and other potential metabolic disorders, shedding light on the importance of early detection and intervention in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Gefan Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yongcong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhenlong Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaozhou Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinyan Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Yan Z, Zheng Z, Xia T, Ni Z, Dou Y, Liu X. Causal relationship between gut microbiome and sex hormone-binding globulin: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13824. [PMID: 38356386 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Currently, there is a variety of evidence linking the gut microbiota to changes in sex hormones. In contrast, the causal relationship between SHBG, a carrier of sex hormones, and the gut microbiota is unclear. METHOD OF STUDY Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to detect the causal effect between SHBG and the gut microbiome. Summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for the gut microbiome and SHBG were obtained from public datasets. Inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, MR-Egger and simple mode methods were used to operate the MR analysis. F-statistics and sensitivity analyses performed to evaluate bias and reliability. RESULTS When we set gut microbiome as exposure and SHBG as outcome, we identified nine causal relationships. In males, Coprobacter (PIVW = 2.01 × 10-6 ), Ruminococcus2 (PIVW = 3.40 × 10-5 ), Barnesiella (PIVW = 2.79 × 10-2 ), Actinobacteria (PIVW = 3.25 × 10-2 ) and Eubacterium fissicatena groups (PIVW = 3.64 × 10-2 ) were associated with lower SHBG levels; Alphaproteobacteria (PIVW = 1.61 × 10-2 ) is associated with higher SHBG levels. In females, Lachnoclostridium (PIVW = 9.75 × 10-3 ) and Defluviitaleaceae UCG011 (PIVW = 3.67 × 10-2 ) were associated with higher SHBG levels; Victivallaceae (PIVW = 2.23 × 10-2 ) was associated with lower SHBG levels. According to the results of reverse MR analysis, three significant causal effect of SHBG was found on gut microbiota. In males, Dorea (PIVW = 4.17 × 10-2 ) and Clostridiales (PIVW = 4.36 × 10-2 ) were associated with higher SHBG levels. In females, Lachnoclostridium (PIVW = 7.44 × 10-4 ) was associated with higherr SHBG levels. No signifcant heterogeneity of instrumental variables or horizontal pleiotropy was found in bidirectional two-sample MR analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study may provide new insights into the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and sex hormone-binding protein levels, as well as new treatment and prevention strategies for diseases such as abnormal changes in sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiao Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhexin Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Dou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Kolnikaj TS, Herman R, Janež A, Jensterle M. The Current and Emerging Role of Statins in the Treatment of PCOS: The Evidence to Date. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:244. [PMID: 38399531 PMCID: PMC10890374 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifests a multifactorial pathology characterized by polycystic ovaries, menstrual cycle disorders, varying degrees of hyperandrogenism, and an ad-verse metabolic risk profile. The position of hyperandrogenism in this syndrome has been extensively studied. A multitude of mechanisms place it in the position of cause but also of consequence; therefore, ongoing research efforts are focused on identifying medications that can effectively reduce levels of androgens in women with PCOS. Moreover, lipid abnormalities are common in this population, with up to 70% of patients having dyslipidemia. Statins may have potential therapeutic benefits for women with PCOS, as they have been shown to improve insulin resistance and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, their role in accelerated steroidogenesis by limiting one source of cholesterol, influencing enzymatic activity, and providing several other beneficial mechanisms is widely investigated. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis of androgen excess and dyslipidemia in PCOS, as well as the therapeutic potential of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Shehu Kolnikaj
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Medicine Tirana, 1000 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Rok Herman
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.H.); (A.J.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janež
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.H.); (A.J.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.H.); (A.J.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zhang M, Sun J, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li X, Li R, Fang Y, Bai H, Luo P, Yuan Y. The value of luteinizing hormone basal values and sex hormone-binding globulin for early diagnosis of rapidly progressive central precocious puberty. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1273170. [PMID: 38317710 PMCID: PMC10840421 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1273170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of luteinizing hormone (LH) basal values and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) for rapidly progressive central precocious puberty (RP-CPP). Methods A total of 121 girls presenting with secondary sexual characteristics were selected from the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, from May 2021 to June 2023. The children were followed up for 6 months and were divided into three groups: RP-CPP group (n=40), slowly progressive central precocious puberty (SP-CPP) group (n=40), and premature thelarche (PT) group (n=41). The differences in LH basal values and SHBG among girls in the three groups were compared. ROC curves were drawn to analyze the value of LH basal values and SHBG in identifying RP-CPP. Results Significant differences were observed in age, height, predicted adult height (PAH), weight, body mass index (BMI), bone age (BA), BA-chronological age (CA), LH basal, LH peak, FSH basal, LH peak/FSH peak, estradiol (E2), testosterone, and SHBG levels between the RP-CPP group and the SP-CPP and PT groups (P < 0.05). The LH basal value in the RP-CPP group was higher than that in the SP-CPP group and the PT group, while SHBG levels were lower than in the latter two groups, and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). When the LH basal value was ≥0.58 IU/L and SHBG was ≤58.79 nmol/L, the sensitivity for diagnosing RP-CPP was 77.5% and 67.5%, and the specificity was 66.7% and 74.1%. Conclusion Detection of basal LH and SHBG levels allows for early diagnosis of the progression of central precocious puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Zhang
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, The First People's Hospital of Lianyuangang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, The First People's Hospital of Lianyuangang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Postgraduate Training Base of Lianyungang First People's Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhui Wu
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, The First People's Hospital of Lianyuangang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, The First People's Hospital of Lianyuangang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Rong Li
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, The First People's Hospital of Lianyuangang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yafei Fang
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, The First People's Hospital of Lianyuangang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, The First People's Hospital of Lianyuangang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Peiliang Luo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, The First People's Hospital of Lianyuangang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yingdi Yuan
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, The First People's Hospital of Lianyuangang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Postgraduate Training Base of Lianyungang First People's Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, China
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Fofie Tedongmo AD, Mvondo MA. Allium ampeloprasum var. Porrum (Alliaceae) Improves Metabolic and Reproductive Disorders Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Wistar Rats. Biochem Res Int 2024; 2024:8364343. [PMID: 38283184 PMCID: PMC10817811 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8364343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
To provide scientific evidence of the efficacy of Allium ampeloprasum against female infertility, the effects of the aqueous extract of the said plant (AE) were evaluated in rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). AE was administered orally to PCOS rats at doses of 192, 384, and 768 mg/kg. The positive control was co-treated with clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg) and metformin (200 mg/kg). Normal and negative controls received distilled water. The vaginal contents of rats were examined daily under a microscope before (7 days) and during treatment. Treatments were administered orally for 15 days, and then, 6 rats from each group were sacrificed for biochemical and histological analyses. The remaining rats were mated with males of proven fertility for 5 days. The daily examination of vaginal smears allowed the evaluation of fertility index. After parturition, additional fertility parameters were determined. Results showed that in PCOS rats, AE decreased body weight (p < 0.001), abdominal fat weight (p < 0.001), serum levels of LH (p < 0.001), testosterone (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.05), and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.01). HDL cholesterol increased and atherogenic indices decreased (p < 0.001). The number of Graafian follicles and corpora lutea increased, while cystic (p < 0.001) and atretic (p < 0.05) follicles decreased. AE also decreased oxidative stress in the ovaries, restored the estrous cycle, induced uterine epithelial cell hypertrophy, and improved fertility. These effects were attributed to phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthocyanins present in AE. The overall results justify the traditional use of A. ampeloprasum against female infertility and suggest its potential use as a dietary supplement for PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Alfrede Mvondo
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
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15
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Li L, Ge H, Zhou J, Wang J, Wang L. Polycystic ovary syndrome and adverse pregnancy outcomes: potential role of decidual function. Drug Discov Ther 2024; 17:378-388. [PMID: 38148009 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2023.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting fertility and mental health among women of reproductive age. In addition to anovulation and hyperandrogenism, patients also experience metabolic issues, such as insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia, as well as chronic low-grade inflammation throughout the body. Recent studies have shown that even with assisted reproductive technology to treat anovulatory issues, patients with PCOS still have higher rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes and abortion compared to normal pregnancies. These findings suggest that PCOS may impair the endometrium and disrupt the onset and maintenance of healthy pregnancies. Decidualization is a crucial step in the process of healthy pregnancy, during which endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) differentiate into secretory decidual stromal cells (DSCs) regulated by hormones and local metabolism. This article comprehensively reviews the pathological processes of PCOS and the mechanisms involved in its impaired decidualization. In addition, we explore how PCOS increases the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). By gaining a better understanding of the adverse effects of PCOS on pregnancy and its specific mechanisms, we hope to provide a theoretical basis for reducing APO and improving the live birth rate among women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanting Ge
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Dong J, Liu C, Lu J, Wang L, Xie S, Ji L, Lu B. The relationship between sex hormone-binding protein and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using Mendelian randomisation. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14082. [PMID: 37605959 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing annually with the improvement of living standards. Numerous epidemiological observations have linked sex hormone-binding protein (SHBG) levels to NAFLD. However, evidence of the causal role of SHBG in the development and progression of NAFLD is still absent. Therefore, a systematic assessment of the causal relationship is needed. METHOD A two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis was conducted. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for SHBG were obtained online from the IEU database (ebi-a-GCST90012111) as exposure. GWAS data from the NAFLD of the Finngen consortium were used for preliminary analysis, while NAFLD data from another GWAS involving 8434 participants were used for replication and meta-analyses. Causal effects were investigated with inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median and MR-Egger regression. Sensitivity analyses including Cochran's Q test, leave-one-out analysis and MR-Egger intercept analysis were simultaneously conducted to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. RESULTS After rigorous selection, 179 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as strongly correlated instrumental variables. Preliminary analysis suggested a significant causal relationship between genetically determined serum SHBG levels and NAFLD [odds ratio (OR) IVW = .54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = .30-.98, p = .043], supported by the results of the replication analysis (ORIVW = .61, 95% CI = .46-.81, p = .0006) and further meta-analysis (OR = .59, 95% CI = .46-.77, p < .0001). CONCLUSION The genetic tendency to high levels of SHBG was causally correlated with a reduced risk of NAFLD, indicating that circulating high levels of SHBG was a protective factor for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Dong
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chenming Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Luna Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shisheng Xie
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lichao Ji
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Baochun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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El Mahdi E, Fekry N, Ahmed M, Ghebremeskel K. Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and dehydroepiandrosterone levels and cervical length of Egyptian women with a history of recurrent miscarriages, polycystic ovary syndrome and without the conditions at three stages of pregnancy. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2023; 43:2163625. [PMID: 36689253 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2163625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels, and cervical length (CL) were investigated in pregnant Egyptian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS, n = 38), history of miscarriages (RM, n = 40) and without the conditions (HC, n = 40). At week 8, the RM had lower levels of TT (p = 0.000) and free androgen index (FAI) (p = 0.000) and higher SHBG (p = 0.000) and DHEA (p < 0.05) than the PCOS. Compared with the HC, they had elevated SHBG (p < 0.05) and DHEA (p = 0.001) and reduced CL (p = 0.000). TT (p = 0.001) and FAI (p = 0.000) were higher and SHBG (p = 0.000) and CL (p = 0.001) lower in the PCOS than in the HC group. At week 16, TT (p = 0.000) and FAI (p = 0.000) were higher, and SHBG (p = 0.000) and CL (p < 0.05) lower in PCOS than in RM and HC. The PCOS had elevated FAI than the RM (p = 0.000) and HC (p = 0.001) at week 20. The DHEA, SHBG and CL abnormalities in PCOS and RM may compromise pregnancy outcomes.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Hyperandrogenaemia, low sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), shortened cervical length (CL) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are the most cited risk factors for recurrent miscarriages (RM). However, the published data are inconsistent, perhaps because of the confounding effects of ethnicity and nutritional milieu.What do the results of this study add? The study's findings comprising ethnically and socially homogenous women demonstrate that PCOS and RM are characterised by elevated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and shortened CL, and PCOS by reduced SHBG. These abnormalities would be expected to have an adverse impact on pregnancy outcomes.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Twenty-weeks DHEA and CL values have the potential to predict outcome risk in women with a history of RM and PCOS. Further research on other population groups is required to validate the current study's findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam El Mahdi
- Barts Health NHS Trust and Queen Mary University, Newham University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nabil Fekry
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Al Agouza Hospital, Agouza, Giza Governorate, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- Lipidomic and Nutrition Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Kebreab Ghebremeskel
- Lipidomic and Nutrition Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
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Greff D, Váncsa S, Váradi A, Szinte J, Park S, Hegyi P, Nyirády P, Ács N, Horváth EM, Várbíró S. Myoinositols Prevent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Related Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:4224. [PMID: 37836508 PMCID: PMC10574514 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has several short- and long-term adverse effects on the mother and the offspring, no medicine is generally prescribed to prevent GDM. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of inositol supplementation in preventing GDM and related outcomes. Systematic search was performed in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase until 13 September 2023. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared the efficacy of inositols to placebo in pregnant women at high risk for GDM. Our primary outcome was the incidence of GDM, whereas secondary outcomes were oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and maternal and fetal complications. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021284939). Eight eligible RCTs were identified, including the data of 1795 patients. The incidence of GDM was halved by inositols compared to placebo (RR = 0.42, CI: 0.26-0.67). Fasting, 1-h, and 2-h OGTT glucose levels were significantly decreased by inositols. The stereoisomer myoinositol also reduced the risk of insulin need (RR = 0.29, CI: 0.13-0.68), preeclampsia or gestational hypertension (RR = 0.38, CI: 0.2-0.71), preterm birth (RR = 0.44, CI: 0.22-0.88), and neonatal hypoglycemia (RR = 0.12, CI: 0.03-0.55). Myoinositol decrease the incidence of GDM in pregnancies high-risk for GDM. Moreover, myoinositol supplementation reduces the risk of insulin need, preeclampsia or gestational hypertension, preterm birth, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Based on the present study 2-4 g myoinositol canbe suggested from the first trimester to prevent GDM and related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Greff
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (N.Á.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Str. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Váncsa
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (N.Á.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alex Váradi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Julia Szinte
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (N.Á.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Str. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sunjune Park
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (N.Á.)
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Str. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (N.Á.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Nyirády
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (N.Á.)
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nándor Ács
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (N.Á.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Mária Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Str. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Várbíró
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Workgroup for Science Management, Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Bourebaba N, Sikora M, Qasem B, Bourebaba L, Marycz K. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) mitigates ER stress and improves viability and insulin sensitivity in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS)-affected horses. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:230. [PMID: 37697311 PMCID: PMC10496240 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), which encompasses insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and predisposition to laminitis is a critical endocrine disorder among the most prevalent conditions affecting horses from different breeds. According to the most recent research, low human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) serum levels correlate with an increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, and may contribute to overall metabolic dysregulations. This study aimed to test whether exogenous SHBG could protect EMS affected adipose-derived stromal stem cells (EqASCEMS) from apoptosis, oxidative stress, ER stress and thus improve insulin sensitivity. METHODS EqASCEMS wells were treated with two different concentrations (50 and 100 nM) of exogenous SHBG, whose biocompatibility was tested after 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. Several parameters including cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species levels, ER stress, Pi3K/MAPK activation and insulin transducers expression were analysed. RESULTS Obtained data demonstrated that exogenous SHBG treatment significantly promoted ASCs cells proliferation, cell cycle and survival with reduced expression of p53 and p21 pro-apoptotic mediators. Furthermore, SHBG alleviated the oxidative stress caused by EMS and reduced the overaccumulation of intracellular ROS, by reducing ROS + cell percentage and regulating gene expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (Sod 1, Cat, GPx), SHBG treatment exhibited antioxidant activity by modulating total nitric oxide (NO) levels in EMS cells as well. SHBG treatment dampened the activation of ER stress sensors and effectors in EqASCEMS cells via the upregulation of MiR-7a-5p, the decrease in the expression levels of ATF-6, CHOP and eiF2A and the restoration of PDIA3 chaperone protein levels. As a consequence, SHBG application substantially improved insulin sensitivity through the modulation of Pi3K/Akt/Glut4 insulin signalling cascades. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the SHBG is endowed with crucial beneficial effects on ASCs metabolic activities and could serve as a valuable therapeutic target for the development of efficient EMS treatment protocols. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Sikora
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Badr Qasem
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95516, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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20
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Camajani E, Feraco A, Verde L, Moriconi E, Marchetti M, Colao A, Caprio M, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L. Ketogenic Diet as a Possible Non-pharmacological Therapy in Main Endocrine Diseases of the Female Reproductive System: A Practical Guide for Nutritionists. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:231-249. [PMID: 37405618 PMCID: PMC10482777 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSEOF REVIEW This narrative review explored the role of ketogenic diets (KDs) in improving fertility outcomes, low-grade inflammation, body weight, visceral adipose tissue, and its potential use in certain types of cancer, through its favorable actions on mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species generation, chronic inflammation, and tumor growth inhibition. RECENT FINDINGS : Nutrition is crucial to maintain the female reproductive system's health. Evidence on the association between diet and female reproductive system has greatly expanded over the last decade, leading to the identification of specific diet therapy, particularly KDs. KDs has been proved to be an effective weight-loss tool. To date, KDs is being increasingly used in the treatment of many diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus. KDs is a dietary intervention capable of ameliorating the inflammatory state and oxidative stress through several mechanisms. Due to the increasing use of KDs beyond obesity, this literature review will provide the latest scientific evidence of its possible use in common disorders of the female endocrine-reproductive tract, and a practical guide to its use in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Public Health, University "Federico II" of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Moriconi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marchetti
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unità Di Diabetologia E Andrologia, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131Naples, , Endocrinologia, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unità Di Diabetologia E Andrologia, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131Naples, , Endocrinologia, Italy.
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Umanistiche, Centro Direzionale, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio Isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy
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21
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Chakraborty S, Anand S, Coe S, Reh B, Bhandari RK. The PCOS-NAFLD Multidisease Phenotype Occurred in Medaka Fish Four Generations after the Removal of Bisphenol A Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12602-12619. [PMID: 37581432 PMCID: PMC10469501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
As a heterogeneous reproductive disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can be caused by genetic, diet, and environmental factors. Bisphenol A (BPA) can induce PCOS and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to direct exposure; however, whether these phenotypes persist in future unexposed generations is not currently understood. In a previous study, we observed that transgenerational NAFLD persisted in female medaka for five generations (F4) after exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration (10 μg/L) of BPA. Here, we demonstrate PCOS in the same F4 generation female medaka that developed NAFLD. The ovaries contained immature follicles, restricted follicular progression, and degenerated follicles, which are characteristics of PCOS. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed 17 biomarkers in the ovary of BPA lineage fish, whereas transcriptomic analysis revealed 292 genes abnormally expressed, which were similar to human patients with PCOS. Metabolomic-transcriptomic joint pathway analysis revealed activation of the cancerous pathway, arginine-proline metabolism, insulin signaling, AMPK, and HOTAIR regulatory pathways, as well as upstream regulators esr1 and tgf signaling in the ovary. The present results suggest that ancestral BPA exposure can lead to PCOS phenotypes in the subsequent unexposed generations and warrant further investigations into potential health risks in future generations caused by initial exposure to EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Chakraborty
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27412 North Carolina, United
States
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27412 North Carolina, United
States
| | - Seraiah Coe
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27412 North Carolina, United
States
| | - Beh Reh
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27412 North Carolina, United
States
| | - Ramji Kumar Bhandari
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27412 North Carolina, United
States
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22
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Elkhalifa WS, Suliman HM, Abdoon IH, Mohamed W, Osman B. Letrozole vs clomiphene citrate in Sudanese patients with infertility secondary to polycystic ovary syndrome. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18107. [PMID: 37483825 PMCID: PMC10362321 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PCOS is a cluster of metabolic, hormonal, and environmental factors coupled with infertility in patients within reproductive age. This cross-sectional study compared letrozole (LTZ) vs Clomiphene citrate (CC) as ovulation inducers in infertile Sudanese patients with PCOS. Follicles ≥18 mm and pregnancy tests were used for comparison. SPSS version 23 was used for analysis. Significance was calculated with Chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.Our results showed 49% of the patients were 20-30 years old, 60% had secondary infertility 98.4% were secondary to PCOS and 64% had a family history of infertility. Comparable results on positive pregnancy tests of 26% (P ≤ 0.017) and 17% (P ≤ 0.027) were observed for LTZ vs CC respectively. Similar strengths (P ≤ 0.000) in compacting the ovarian cysts were recorded. LTZ showed less activity (P ≤ 0.013) on follicles size maturation compared to (P ≤ 0.000) with CC. The endometrial thickness was increased with LTZ (51.87%) but reduced with CC (25.54%). The positive pregnancy test was associated with age and BMI. Conclusion Letrozole 20 mg single dose showed comparable results on positive pregnancy tests but less significance on follicle maturation compared to CC100mg. Both drugs compacted the ovarian cysts' sizes. letrozole significantly increased the endometrial lining thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warda Salah Elkhalifa
- Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hayat Mohamed Suliman
- Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Iman H. Abdoon
- Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Bashier Osman
- Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan
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23
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Kasarinaite A, Sinton M, Saunders PTK, Hay DC. The Influence of Sex Hormones in Liver Function and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1604. [PMID: 37371074 PMCID: PMC10296738 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver performs a multitude of bodily functions, whilst retaining the ability to regenerate damaged tissue. In this review, we discuss sex steroid biology, regulation of mammalian liver physiology and the development of new model systems to improve our understanding of liver biology in health and disease. A major risk factor for the development of liver disease is hepatic fibrosis. Key drivers of this process are metabolic dysfunction and pathologic activation of the immune system. Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is largely regarded as benign, it does progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a subset of patients, increasing their risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD susceptibility varies across the population, with obesity and insulin resistance playing a strong role in the disease development. Additionally, sex and age have been identified as important risk factors. In addition to the regulation of liver biochemistry, sex hormones also regulate the immune system, with sexual dimorphism described for both innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, sex differences in liver metabolism, immunity and their interplay are important factors to consider when designing, studying and developing therapeutic strategies to treat human liver disease. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a general overview of sex steroid biology and their regulation of mammalian liver physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvile Kasarinaite
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Matthew Sinton
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 9TA, UK
| | - Philippa T. K. Saunders
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David C. Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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24
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Sultana F, Davis SR, Murray AM, Woods RL, McNeil JJ, Islam RM. Sex hormones, SHBG and cognitive performance among older Australian women: an observational study. Climacteric 2023; 26:121-128. [PMID: 36716780 PMCID: PMC10033445 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2166824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the associations between sex hormones and cognitive performance in older women. METHODS Associations between sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and cognitive performance were examined in women aged at least 70 years, without dementia and not using medications that influence sex hormones. Linear and generalized linear regression models included age, body mass index, education, smoking, alcohol, living circumstances, diabetes, hypertension, depression and impaired renal function. RESULTS The included 5511 women had a median (interquartile range) age of 73.9 (71.6-77.6) years. No associations were found for estrone, estradiol, testosterone or dehydroepiandrosterone and cognitive performance. SHBG concentrations above quartile 1 (Q1) were significantly inversely associated with processing speed (Q2, β = -0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 1.64 to -0.24, p = 0.009; Q3, β = -0.82, 95% CI -1.53 to -0.10, p = 0.025; and Q4, β = -0.95, 95% CI -1.70 to -0.20, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Sex hormones were not associated with cognitive performance. The finding that low SHBG is associated with better processing speed warrants further investigation. The null findings for the sex hormones establish a firm baseline to confidently explore the association between sex hormones and longitudinal cognitive performance in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register (ISRCTN83772183) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01038583).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sultana
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S R Davis
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia
| | - A M Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Hennepin-Health Research Institute and Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R L Woods
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J J McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R M Islam
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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25
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Pietrzyk D, Tkacz P, Kozłowski M, Kwiatkowski S, Rychlicka M, Pius-Sadowska E, Machaliński B, Cymbaluk-Płoska A. Could Vaspin Be a Potential Diagnostic Marker in Endometrial Cancer? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4999. [PMID: 36981906 PMCID: PMC10049014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and being overweight are risk factors for many types of cancer, including endometrial cancer. Adipose tissue is thought to be an endocrine organ that produces various hormones, including one known as vaspin. Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are all associated with higher vaspin levels. A total of 127 patients divided into study (endometrial cancer) and control groups (non-cancerous) participated in this research. Serum vaspin levels were measured for all patients. The analysis was performed while taking into account grading and staging. In order to assess the usefulness of the tested protein as a new diagnostic marker, we used the plotting of a curve (ROC) and the calculation of the AUC curve to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of the parameters tested. We concluded that there were significantly lower vaspin levels in patients with endometrial cancer compared to patients with benign endometrial lesions. Vaspin may be a useful diagnostic marker in separating benign lesions from endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Pietrzyk
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Tkacz
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kozłowski
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Pius-Sadowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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26
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Niu J, Lu M, Liu B. Association between insulin resistance and abnormal menstrual cycle in Chinese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:45. [PMID: 36823522 PMCID: PMC9948335 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder, which is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and menstrual cycle disorders. IR is thought of as a pivotal cause of PCOS and related comorbidities. However, the link between IR and abnormal menstrual cycles in PCOS should be further studied. In this study, we clarified the dose-response relationship between IR and abnormal menstrual cycles in patients with PCOS. RESULTS In this retrospective study including 140 patients with PCOS, we found that there was a dose-response relationship between the increased HOMA-IR index and the level of menstrual cycle disorders (1.61 [95%CI: 1.37-1.85] for normal menstruation, 2.02 [95%CI: 1.61-2.44] for oligomenorrhea, 2.35 [95%CI:1.96-2.75] for amenorrhea, P for trend = 0.003). Further stratification analyses showed that this dose-response relationship was more evident in the patients who were younger, had higher BMI, higher AFC numbers, elevated levels of testosterone, anti-Müllerian hormone, inhibin B, and prolactin levels, and had a lower progestogen level. CONCLUSIONS Our study has established an association between IR and abnormal menstrual cycles in patients with PCOS, which can be affected by age, BMI, and hormone levels. Our results might be helpful for further prevention and treatment of amenorrhea in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Niu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Biobank, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518102 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyin Lu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Biobank, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518102 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Biobank, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518102, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Wang X, Ding N, Harlow SD, Randolph JF, Mukherjee B, Gold EB, Park SK. Exposure to heavy metals and hormone levels in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120740. [PMID: 36436662 PMCID: PMC9897061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals may alter the circulating levels of sex hormones. However, epidemiologic studies on heavy metals and sex hormones have been limited, and results have been inconsistent. We assessed the associations of heavy metals assayed in urine, including arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury, with repeated measures of serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multi-Pollutant Study. The sample included 1355 White, Black, Chinese, and Japanese women, aged 45-56 years at baseline (1999-2000), whose serum hormone levels were repeatedly measured through 2017. Urinary metal concentrations were measured at baseline. Linear mixed effect models were used to calculate percent changes in serum hormone levels per doubling of urinary metal concentrations, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, health-related factors, and urinary creatinine. After multivariable adjustment, a doubling of urinary metal concentration was associated with lower E2 levels by 2.2% (95% CI: 4.0%, -0.3%) for mercury and 3.6% (95% CI: 5.7%, -1.6%) for lead; higher FSH levels by 3.4% (95% CI: 0.9%, 5.9%) for lead; and higher SHBG levels by 3.6% (95% CI: 1.3%, 5.9%) for cadmium. The overall joint effect using the Bayesian kernel machine regression showed that metal mixtures were inversely associated with E2 and positively associated with FSH levels. No association was found between metals and testosterone levels. Results from this prospective cohort study demonstrate that environmental heavy metal exposures, including cadmium, mercury, and lead, may disturb circulating levels of E2, FSH, and SHBG in midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Siobán D Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John F Randolph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ellen B Gold
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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28
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Association between prenatal androgens and cord blood androgens, a path analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:380. [PMID: 36611054 PMCID: PMC9825367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine association paths between prenatal androgens and cord blood androgens. The concentrations of T, FT, DHT, DHEA and SHBG in prenatal venous blood and cord blood were measured in 342 pregnant women and their neonates. The association paths between these hormones in prenatal and cord blood were revealed using Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression and path analysis. CB-T, CB-FT and CB-DHT in male neonates were higher than those in female neonates. In male and female neonates, P-FT was lower than CB-FT; however, P-DHT and P-SHBG were higher than CB-DHT and CB-SHBG, respectively. P-DHEA was lower than CB-DHEA in female newborns. In male neonates, there were association paths of P-T → CB-T → CB-FT → CB-DHT, P-T → CB-FT → CB-DHT, P-T → P-FT → CB-FT → CB-DHT, P-T → P-DHT, CB-DHEA → CB-DHT, CB-DHEA → P-DHT, and CB-DHEA → P-DHEA. In female neonates, there were association paths of P-T → CB-T → CB-FT → CB-DHT, P-T → P-FT → CB-FT → CB-DHT, P-T → P-FT → P-DHT, P-T → P-DHT, P-DHEA → P-DHT, CB-DHEA → P-DHEA, and CB-DHEA → CB-FT. There were differences in the T, FT and DHT concentrations in cord blood between male and female neonates and in the FT, DHT, DHEA, and SHBG concentrations between prenatal and cord blood. P-T and P-FT concentrations were positively associated with CB-T and CB-FT concentrations, while CB-DHEA concentration was positively associated with P-DHEA concentration.
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El-attar AA, Ibrahim OM, Alhassanin SA, Essa ES, Mostafa TM. Effect of metformin as an adjuvant therapy to letrozole on estradiol and other biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in overweight and obese postmenopausal women: a pilot study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:299-309. [PMID: 36562831 PMCID: PMC9879830 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-022-03444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metformin may provide a therapeutic benefit in different types of malignancy. PURPOSE We aimed at evaluating the effect of metformin as an adjuvant therapy to letrozole on estradiol and other biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. METHODS Seventy-five postmenopausal stages II-III breast cancer female patients were assessed for eligibility in an open-labeled parallel pilot study. Forty-five patients met the inclusion criteria and were assigned into three arms: the lean arm (n = 15) women who received letrozole 2.5 mg/day, the control arm (n = 15) overweight/obese women who received letrozole 2.5 mg/day, and the metformin arm (n = 15) overweight/obese women who received letrozole 2.5 mg/day plus metformin (2000 ± 500 mg/day). The intervention duration was 6 months. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and 6 months after intervention for the measurement of serum estradiol, leptin, osteocalcin levels, fasting blood glucose concentration, and serum insulin. RESULTS After the intervention and as compared to the control arm, the metformin arm showed a significantly lower ratio to the baseline (significant reduction) for estradiol (p = 0.0433), leptin (p < 0.0001), fasting blood glucose (p = 0.0128), insulin (p = 0.0360), osteocalcin serum levels (p < 0.0001), and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance "HOMA-IR" value (p = 0.0145). There was a non-significant variation in the lactate ratio to the baseline among the three study arms (p = 0.5298). CONCLUSION Metformin may exert anti-cancer activity by decreasing the circulating estradiol, leptin, and insulin. Metformin might represent a safe and promising adjuvant therapy to letrozole in overweight/obese postmenopausal women with breast cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05053841/Registered September 23, 2021 - Retrospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ahmed El-attar
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Suzan Ahmed Alhassanin
- grid.411775.10000 0004 0621 4712Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Enas Said Essa
- grid.411775.10000 0004 0621 4712Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Tarek Mohamed Mostafa
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
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Mazloomi S, Barartabar Z, Pilehvari S. The Association Between Increment of Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Body Mass Index. J Reprod Infertil 2023; 24:26-34. [PMID: 36919048 PMCID: PMC10008139 DOI: 10.18502/jri.v24i1.11906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is an association between inflammatory factors and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and most of women with PCOS experience the symptoms of hirsutism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of obesity in PCOS occurrence, which is linked with inflammation and hirsutism. Methods This study was designed as a case-control research. It was performed on 102 women with PCOS and 102 healthy women as controls who were age-matched. Serum concentrations of testosterone, estradiol (E2), IL-1, IL-6, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and aromatase activity were measured in blood samples. Statistical tests including unpaired t-tests, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's correlation, and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results A significant difference was found between hs-CRP, IL-1, and IL-6 in PCOS patients and healthy individuals (p<0.001). Aromatase activity was markedly lower in PCOS cases. The serum level of IL-1 (p=0.392) and IL-6 (p=0.764) was not different between overweight and normal weight women. In both studied groups (case and control), hirsutism frequency was markedly higher in individuals with BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 (p<0.05). Inflammatory factors significantly affected the PCOS group (p<0.05). However, logistic regression showed that hs-CRP increment is more effective on increasing the risk of PCOS (OR: 6.324, p<0.001). Conclusion In this study, hs-CRP, IL-1, and IL-6 levels increased in all PCOS women. Although the incidence of hirsutism in PCOS is associated with obesity, in PCOS pathogenesis, only IL-1 and IL-6 were independent of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mazloomi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Barartabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shamim Pilehvari
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Rani S, Chandna P. Multiomics Analysis-Based Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1-27. [PMID: 35084716 PMCID: PMC10010205 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an utmost communal endocrine, psychological, reproductive, and metabolic disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age with extensive range of clinical manifestations. This may even lead to long-term multiple morbidities including obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, infertility, cerebrovascular diseases, and ovarian and endometrial cancer. Women affliction from PCOS in midst assemblage of manifestations allied with menstrual dysfunction and androgen exorbitance, which considerably affects eminence of life. PCOS is recognized as a multifactorial disorder and systemic syndrome in first-degree family members; therefore, the etiology of PCOS syndrome has not been copiously interpreted. The disorder of PCOS comprehends numerous allied health conditions and has influenced various metabolic processes. Due to multifaceted pathophysiology engaging several pathways and proteins, single genetic diagnostic tests cannot be supportive to determine in straight way. Clarification of cellular and biochemical pathways and various genetic players underlying PCOS could upsurge our consideration of pathophysiology of this syndrome. It is requisite to know pathophysiological relationship between biomarker and their reflection towards PCOS disease. Biomarkers deliver vibrantly and potent ways to apprehend the spectrum of PCOS with applications in screening, diagnosis, characterization, and monitoring. This paper relies on the endeavor to point out many candidates as potential biomarkers based on omics technologies, thus highlighting correlation between PCOS disease with innovative technologies. Therefore, the objective of existing review is to encapsulate more findings towards cutting-edge advances in prospective use of biomarkers for PCOS disease. Discussed biomarkers may be fruitful in guiding therapies, addressing disease risk, and predicting clinical outcomes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Rani
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi , 110021, India.
| | - Piyush Chandna
- Natdynamics Biosciences Confederation, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122001, India
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Bhandary P, Shetty PK, Manjeera L, Patil P. Hormonal, genetic, epigenetic and environmental aspects of polycystic ovarian syndrome. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Urbano F, Chiarito M, Lattanzio C, Messa A, Ferrante M, Francavilla M, Mehmeti I, Lassandro G, Giordano P, Faienza MF. Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) Reduction: The Alarm Bell for the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1748. [PMID: 36421197 PMCID: PMC9689249 DOI: 10.3390/children9111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents an endocrine condition affecting 5-18% of adolescents, frequently in association with obesity, metabolic alterations, and liver dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a cohort of PCOS adolescents. Thirty-two girls were assessed for anthropometric and biochemical markers: total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT). In addition, LH, FSH, 17β-Estradiol (E2), prolactin, testosterone (T), free testosterone, delta 4-androstenedione (D4 A), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and sex hormone binding protein (SHBG) were also evaluated. All subjects underwent liver ultrasound to detect NAFLD. Our data demonstrated that PCOS adolescents complicated with NAFLD accounted for 37.5%, and those with obesity and lower SHBG were more predisposed to developing NAFLD. Moreover, SHBG showed a negative correlation with several parameters such as blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, insulin, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Our results demonstrated that the assessment of SHBG may allow the identification of PCOS adolescents at risk for developing NAFLD and metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Urbano
- Pediatric Unit, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Angela Messa
- Pediatric Unit, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrante
- Pediatric Unit, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Irsida Mehmeti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University “Our Lady of Good Counsel”, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Paola Giordano
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Regulatory Networks, Management Approaches, and Emerging Treatments of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:6799414. [PMID: 36397950 PMCID: PMC9666027 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6799414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and diverse, involving multiple signaling pathways and cytokines from various organs. Hepatokines, stellakines, adipokines, and myokines secreted by hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, adipose tissue, and myocytes play an important role in the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) contributes to the progression of NAFLD by mediating liver inflammation, immune response, hepatocyte death, and later compensatory proliferation. In this review, we first discuss the crosstalk and interaction between hepatokines, stellakines, adipokines, and myokines and NF-κB in NAFLD. The characterization of the crosstalk of NF-κB with these factors will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of NAFLD. In addition, we examine new expert management opinions for NAFLD and explore the therapeutic potential of silymarin in NAFLD/NASH.
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Tanikawa C, Kurata M, Tanizaki N, Takeuchi M, Zere E, Fukuo K, Takada K. Influence of the nutritional status on facial morphology in young Japanese women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18557. [PMID: 36329131 PMCID: PMC9633753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence regarding the possible influence of nutritional status on the facial morphology has thus far been insufficient. We examined whether or not the physical body compositions and dietary behaviors were correlated with any morphological characteristics of the face. One hundred and fifteen young Japanese women participated. Variables representing the dietary behaviors were extracted from self-reported survey data, and corresponding three-dimensional (3D) facial images and body compositions were examined. Multivariate analyses identified significant relationships between the nutritional status and facial topography (p < 0.05). The clustering method revealed the existence of three dietary condition patterns ("balanced diet", "high-calorie-diet" with obesity tendency, and "imbalanced low-calorie-diet" with sarcopenic obesity tendency). Among these three patterns, a round face (increased facial width; analysis of variance [ANOVA], p < 0.05) was observed in the high-calorie-diet pattern, while the imbalanced low-calorie-diet pattern showed a more masculine face (increased face height, decreased eye height, increased non-allometric sexual shape differences; ANOVA, p < 0.05), thus suggesting the possibility of sex-hormonal influences. In summary, the body composition and dietary behaviors were found to influence the facial morphology, and potential biological influences were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tanikawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- grid.260338.c0000 0004 0372 6210Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Noriko Tanizaki
- grid.260338.c0000 0004 0372 6210Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- grid.260338.c0000 0004 0372 6210Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Edlira Zere
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- grid.260338.c0000 0004 0372 6210Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Kenji Takada
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
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Yang D, Ye Y, Tu Y, Xu R, Xiao Y, Zhang H, Liu W, Zhang P, Yu H, Bao Y, Han J. Sex-specific differences in bone mineral density loss after sleeve gastrectomy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:957478. [PMID: 36388878 PMCID: PMC9644159 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.957478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleeve gastrectomy is an effective bariatric procedure; however, sleeve gastrectomy-related adverse skeletal outcomes have been increasingly reported. High levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) have been documented to be a risk factor of bone mineral density (BMD) loss with different effects observed between sexes. The aim of this study was to identify sex-specific changes in BMD following sleeve gastrectomy and to evaluate the role of SHBG in this process. Methods This retrospective study included 19 middle-aged men and 30 non-menopausal women with obesity who underwent sleeve gastrectomy in China. Anthropometrics, bone turnover markers, calciotropic hormones, BMD, SHBG, and gonadal steroids were measured preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Longitudinal changes in BMD, bone turnover markers and SHBG were compared between sexes by linear mixed models. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of BMD loss at the investigated bone sites. Results Over the 12-month study period, total hip and femoral neck BMD decreased, while lumbar spine BMD remained largely unchanged in both sexes. Linear mixed models revealed significant sex × time interaction effects in total hip BMD and SHBG, showing that men had a significantly greater reduction in total hip BMD and less increase in SHBG after sleeve gastrectomy than women. In the multivariate model, SHBG was significantly associated with total hip BMD loss in men (adjusted β = −0.533, P = 0.019) but not women while total estrogen was significantly associated with total hip BMD loss in women (adjusted β = 0.508, P = 0.01) but not men. Conclusion Significant sex-specific BMD changes were observed after sleeve gastrectomy in the current study. Sleeve gastrectomy-related increase in SHBG may be a specific risk factor for total hip BMD loss in men. Our results indicate that sex-specific screening may be warranted to facilitate personalized postoperative bone care in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafen Ye
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinfang Tu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Xu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Haoyong Yu,
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Han
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Junfeng Han,
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Evaluation of Tissue Expression of Vaspin and Serum Vaspin Concentration as a Prognostic and Risk Factor in Endometrial Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203196. [PMID: 36291064 PMCID: PMC9600625 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional endocrine organ. One of the biologically active substances is vaspin, which is part of the serpin family. The purpose of the following study is to determine the possibility of using vaspin as a prognostic and risk factor in endometrial cancer. The study included 127 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. To determine the value of adipokine, the study used Kaplan-Meier curves to estimate patients survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed simultaneously using the Cox regression model. Tissue expression of vaspin was assessed in patients from the study group (endometrial cancer) and the control group (non-cancerous). We found that higher levels of vaspin are found in obese people, with lower staging (FIGO I and II), lower grading (G1), no LVSI metastases and no lymph node metastases. Higher serum vaspin levels are an independent protective factor for endometrial cancer. We concluded that endometrial cancer patients with serum vaspin concentrations above the median have longer DFS compared to patients with concentrations below the median. Considering multivariate analysis, vaspin concentrations above the median are independent favourable prognostic factors for endometrial cancer. Tissue expression of vaspin cannot be a histological marker to distinguish between cancer and non-cancerous lesions and between different grading levels.
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Masood MA, Khatoon R, Veenstra TD. Quantitative analysis of specific androgens in serum and urine samples from male, pre, and postmenopausal subjects using LC-MRM-MS. Steroids 2022; 185:109060. [PMID: 35690120 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Androgens are endogenous hormones that play a crucial role in the paracrine and intracrine hormone system to perform and maintain vital physiological functions. Altered levels of androgens are implicated in many diseases such as sexual dysregulation, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and heart diseases etc. In this manuscript we describe a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for quantitatively measuring specific androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, androsterone sulphate, androstenedione, and dihydrotestosterone in serum and urine samples. Serum acquired from nine different subjects (three pre-menopausal women, three postmenopausal women, and three healthy males) were used to evaluate the developed methods. In the sample preparation methods for serum either protein precipitation or liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was used while the analysis of urinary androgens used LLE. The extracted androgens were quantitatively measured using LC-MRM-MS to which known amounts of stable isotope labeled standards were added. This manuscript also presents a LC-MRM-MS method mode for the analysis of oxime derivatized androgens potentially to enhance the sensitivity of the assay if required, from urine and venous-drawn serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Athar Masood
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, NCI-Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Rafia Khatoon
- Novavax Inc, 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Timothy D Veenstra
- Present Address: School of Pharmacy, Cedarville University, 251 N Main St, Cedarville, OH 45314, USA
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Gupta J, Antal Z, Mauer E, Gerber LM, An A, Censani M. Dysglycemia screening with oral glucose tolerance test in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and relationship with obesity. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:180. [PMID: 35842601 PMCID: PMC9288674 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to evaluate dysglycemia and biochemical differences based on BMI status and assess the prognostic ability of elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in predicting an abnormal 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). METHODS Retrospective cohort of female patients aged 11-18 years who underwent 75-g OGTT and were evaluated for PCOS at an urban tertiary care hospital between January 2002 to December 2017. RESULTS In 106 adolescents with PCOS who had OGTT results available, IGT was markedly pronounced in the ≥95th percentile BMI group (17 out of 72; 23.6%) compared with <95th percentile BMI group (4 out of 34; 11.7%). One patient with obesity met the criteria for type 2 diabetes. Patients with obesity had significantly higher homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and lower whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) (p < 0.001) compared to patients without obesity. Free testosterone levels were also higher in patients with obesity (p< 0.03) and were significantly associated with HOMA-IR when controlling for body mass index (BMI). HbA1c did not demonstrate a strong ability to predict abnormal OGTT on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis [Area under the curve (AUC) = 0.572, 95% CI: 0.428, 0.939]). CONCLUSIONS In a study to assess glucose abnormalities in adolescents with PCOS, IGT was found to be markedly increased in patients with obesity, with abnormal glucose metabolism identified in over one-fifth of the patients. HbA1c alone may be a poor test to assess IGT and we recommend that adolescents diagnosed with PCOS and obesity undergo formal oral glucose tolerance testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, 505 East 70th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Antal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, 505 East 70th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mauer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda M Gerber
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anjile An
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marisa Censani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, 505 East 70th Street, New York, NY, USA.
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Sex hormone binding globulin as a potential drug candidate for liver-related metabolic disorders treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113261. [PMID: 35738176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a hepatokine that binds to circulating steroid hormones (testosterone, oestradiol) to regulate their concentration in the bloodstream. Recently SHBG was recognized as an essential biomarker for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hepatic steatosis development. At the hepatic level, the production of SHBG is mainly regulated by sex steroids and thyroxine. Studies of various research groups, including ours, showed that SHBG could be considered a reliable marker of insulin resistance and, therefore, can serve as a predictor of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory mediators strongly correlate with lowered serum levels of SHBG. This review paper emphasizes the role of SHBG as a potential drug candidate in the course of various metabolic dysfunctions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. The studies related to SHBG and its role in the course of metabolic disorders are very limited. Here, we have summarized the most current knowledge about SHBG and its mechanism of action, indicating a novel concept for its possible therapeutic application in the management framework of commonly occurring metabolic dysfunctions.
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41
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Al-Beltagi M, Bediwy AS, Saeed NK. Insulin-resistance in paediatric age: Its magnitude and implications. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:282-307. [PMID: 35582667 PMCID: PMC9052009 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i4.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is insulin failure in normal plasma levels to adequately stimulate glucose uptake by the peripheral tissues. IR is becoming more common in children and adolescents than before. There is a strong association between obesity in children and adolescents, IR, and the metabolic syndrome components. IR shows marked variation among different races, crucial to understanding the possible cardiovascular risk, specifically in high-risk races or ethnic groups. Genetic causes of IR include insulin receptor mutations, mutations that stimulate autoantibody production against insulin receptors, or mutations that induce the formation of abnormal glucose transporter 4 molecules or plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 molecules; all induce abnormal energy pathways and end with the development of IR. The parallel increase of IR syndrome with the dramatic increase in the rate of obesity among children in the last few decades indicates the importance of environmental factors in increasing the rate of IR. Most patients with IR do not develop diabetes mellitus (DM) type-II. However, IR is a crucial risk factor to develop DM type-II in children. Diagnostic standards for IR in children are not yet established due to various causes. Direct measures of insulin sensitivity include the hyperinsulinemia euglycemic glucose clamp and the insulin-suppression test. Minimal model analysis of frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and oral glucose tolerance test provide an indirect estimate of metabolic insulin sensitivity/resistance. The main aim of the treatment of IR in children is to prevent the progression of compensated IR to decompensated IR, enhance insulin sensitivity, and treat possible complications. There are three main lines for treatment: Lifestyle and behavior modification, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. This review will discuss the magnitude, implications, diagnosis, and treatment of IR in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
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Xing C, Zhang J, Zhao H, He B. Effect of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanisms, Manifestations, Genetics, and Treatment. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:91-105. [PMID: 35140526 PMCID: PMC8818772 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s344542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases causing infertility in women of childbearing age. It is characterized by hyperandrogenemia (HA), chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM). Most women with PCOS have metabolic abnormalities. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), a transport carrier that binds estrogen and androgens and regulates their biological activity, is usually used as an indicator of hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. Low serum SHBG levels are considered a biomarker of metabolic abnormalities and are associated with insulin resistance (IR), HA, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in PCOS patients. SHBG is also related to the long-term prognosis of PCOS, whereas SHBG gene polymorphism is associated with PCOS risk. In addition, the administration of metformin (MET), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), thiazolidinediones (TZDs), compound oral contraceptives (COCs), as well as nutrient supplements such as inositol (MI), vitamin D, and synbiotics can regulate SHBG levels to ameliorate PCOS complications and improve prognosis. This review focuses on the interaction between SHBG and various PCOS complications as well as the regulation of SHBG by various drugs and nutrients and its therapeutic effects on PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xing
- The First Department of Endocrine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- The First Department of Endocrine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhao
- The First Department of Endocrine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing He
- The First Department of Endocrine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Ng E, Sztal‐Mazer S, Davis SR. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea: a diagnosis of exclusion. Med J Aust 2022; 216:73-76. [DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan R Davis
- Alfred Health Melbourne VIC
- Women's Health Research Program Monash University Melbourne VIC
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Mendelian randomization analyses for PCOS: evidence, opportunities, and challenges. Trends Genet 2022; 38:468-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Song MJ, Choi JY. Androgen dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Role of sex hormone binding globulin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1053709. [PMID: 36482993 PMCID: PMC9722756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1053709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the world. It is linked mainly to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome including obesity and dyslipidemia. In addition, various endocrine dysfunctions including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypogonadism are involved in the development and progression of NAFLD. We need to know the disease pathophysiology more accurately due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentation of fatty liver disease. The liver is the major metabolic organ with sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism is associated not only with behavioral differences between men and women, but also with physiological differences reflected in liver metabolism. In men, normal androgen levels prevent hepatic fat accumulation, whereas androgen deficiency induce hepatic steatosis. In women, higher androgens can increase the risk of NAFLD in PCOS. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is involved in androgen regulation. Recently, SHBG may be reported as a surrogate marker for NAFLD. Therefore, this review will focus on the mechanism of androgen dysfunction in the regulation of hepatic metabolism, the risk of developing NAFLD, and the potential role of SHBG in the course of NAFLD.; Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, sexual dimorphism, androgen, sex hormone binding globulin.
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Sindi R. Hormonal, metabolic, and Vitamin D status variabilities among Saudi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome versus nonpolycystic ovarian syndrome controls: A retrospective study. SAUDI JOURNAL FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_91_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Singh P, Covassin N, Sert‐Kuniyoshi FH, Marlatt KL, Romero‐Corral A, Davison DE, Singh RJ, Jensen MD, Somers VK. Overfeeding-induced weight gain elicits decreases in sex hormone-binding globulin in healthy males-Implications for body fat distribution. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15127. [PMID: 34877821 PMCID: PMC8652402 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and upper-body fat elevates cardiometabolic risk. However, mechanisms predisposing to upper-body fat accumulation are not completely understood. In males, low testosterone (T) frequently associates with obesity, and estrogen deficiency may contribute to upper-body adiposity. This study examines the effects of overfeeding-induced weight gain on changes in gonadal hormones in healthy males and its association with regional fat depots. METHODS Twenty-five males (age: 29.7 ± 6.9 years; BMI: 24.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2 ) were overfed for 8 weeks to gain approximately 5% body weight. Changes in total and regional fat depots were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomography scans. Circulating T, estrone (E1), 17-β estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were measured at baseline and after weight gain. RESULTS Overfeeding resulted in 3.8 (3.3, 4.9) kg weight gain with increased total body fat. Weight gain did not alter circulating T (p = 0.82), E1 (p = 0.52), or E2 (p = 0.28). However, SHBG decreased (p = 0.04) along with consequent increases in T/SHBG (p = 0.02) and E2/SHBG (p = 0.03) ratios. Importantly, baseline E2/SHBG ratio was inversely associated with increases in upper-body fat mass (ρ = -0.43, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Modest weight gain does not alter circulating gonadal hormones in males but may increase bioavailability of T and E2 via decreases in SHBG. The association between baseline E2/SHBG and regional fat mass suggests that higher levels of bioavailable E2 may protect from upper-body fat accumulation during overfeeding-induced modest weight gain in healthy males. Our study suggests a complex relationship between adipose tissue, gonadal hormones, and fat accumulation in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLouisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisinaUSA
| | - Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Kara L. Marlatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLouisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisinaUSA
| | | | - Diane E. Davison
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Ravinder J. Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Virend K. Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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Hogervorst E, Craig J, O'Donnell E. Cognition and mental health in menopause: A review. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 81:69-84. [PMID: 34969617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive and mood changes are frequently mentioned as complaints before, during and after menopausal transition. There is substantial biological evidence for such associations to occur, as there are many mechanisms through which oestrogens can affect the brain: by regulating metabolism, increasing cerebral blood flow and dendritic outgrowth, by acting on nerve growth factors through the co-localisation of receptors via neurotransmitter synthesis and turnover and many more. However, the evidence for objective and longer-term changes in cognitive function and mental health over the menopausal transition and beyond is less clear. While hormone treatment (HT) including oestrogens could potentially reverse these psychological issues, the evidence of long-term benefit is also inconclusive. However, for women with severe menopausal complaints, and particularly for those who undergo early menopause, including women with premature ovarian insufficiency, personalised HT at least up to the natural age of menopause around 50 should be considered, which is probably safe up to 10 years of treatment, unless contraindicated. This paper reviews the evidence for changes in psychological health related to menopausal transition and HTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eef Hogervorst
- School of Sports Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK.
| | - Jen Craig
- School of Sports Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
| | - Emma O'Donnell
- School of Sports Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
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Della Torre S. Beyond the X Factor: Relevance of Sex Hormones in NAFLD Pathophysiology. Cells 2021; 10:2502. [PMID: 34572151 PMCID: PMC8470830 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, being frequently associated with obesity, unbalanced dietary regimens, and reduced physical activity. Despite their greater adiposity and reduced physical activity, women show a lower risk of developing NAFLD in comparison to men, likely a consequence of a sex-specific regulation of liver metabolism. In the liver, sex differences in the uptake, synthesis, oxidation, deposition, and mobilization of lipids, as well as in the regulation of inflammation, are associated with differences in NAFLD prevalence and progression between men and women. Given the major role of sex hormones in driving hepatic sexual dimorphism, this review will focus on the role of sex hormones and their signaling in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and in the molecular mechanisms triggering NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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50
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The Associations between Sex Hormones and Lipid Profiles in Serum of Women with Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173941. [PMID: 34501389 PMCID: PMC8432258 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the relationship between selected serum sex hormones and lipid profiles in a group of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) dividing according to four phenotypes, value of body mass index (BMI), and presence of hyperlipidemia. The study included 606 Caucasian women. Lipids and selected hormones were estimated using commercially available procedures during hospitalization in 2017. Phenotype of PCOS, BMI value, and hyperlipidemia were significant factors that influenced androgen hormone concentrations, such as total and free testosterone and androstenedione as well as the value of free androgen index (FAI). Moreover, significant changes in concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were found between those groups. Higher quartiles of triglyceride concentrations increased the odds ratio of decreased concentrations of SHBG or increased values of FAI, while an adverse relation was found in case of HDL-C. The concentration of estradiol in the blood of women with PCOS was not associated with lipid profile parameters in any investigated groups. Probably, irregularities in sex hormone concentrations during PCOS is not directly associated with lipid profile parameters but could be reflective of the concentration of SHBG or the ratio of SHBG and total testosterone and their association with lipids.
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