1
|
Yang R, Fu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang L. GCNGAT: Drug-disease association prediction based on graph convolution neural network and graph attention network. Artif Intell Med 2024; 150:102805. [PMID: 38553169 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Predicting drug-disease associations can contribute to discovering new therapeutic potentials of drugs, and providing important association information for new drug research and development. Many existing drug-disease association prediction methods have not distinguished relevant background information for the same drug targeted to different diseases. Therefore, this paper proposes a drug-disease association prediction model based on graph convolutional network and graph attention network (GCNGAT) to reposition marketed drugs under the distinguishment of background information. Firstly, in order to obtain initial drug-disease information, a drug-disease heterogeneous graph structure is constructed based on all known drug-disease associations. Secondly, based on the heterogeneous graph structure, the corresponding subgraphs of each group of drug-disease association pairs are extracted to distinguish different background information for the same drug from different diseases. Finally, a model combining Graph neural network with global Average pooling (GnnAp) is designed to predict potential drug-disease associations by learning drug-disease interaction feature representations. The experimental results show that adding subgraph extraction can effectively improve the prediction performance of the model, and the graph representation learning module can fully extract the deep features of drug-disease. Using the 5-fold cross-validation, the proposed model (GCNGAT) achieves AUC (Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve) values of 0.9182 and 0.9417 on the PREDICT dataset and CDataset dataset, respectively. Compared with other predictors on the same dataset (PREDICT dataset), GCNGAT outperforms the existing best-performing model (PSGCN), with a 1.58% increase in the AUC value. It is anticipated that this model can provide experimental reference for drug repositioning and further promote the drug research and development process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runtao Yang
- School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University at Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Yao Fu
- School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University at Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Heze Institute of Science and Technology Information, Heze, 274000, China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University at Weihai, 264209, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sheng WH, Hsieh SM, Chang SC. Achievements of COVID-19 vaccination programs: Taiwanese perspective. J Formos Med Assoc 2024; 123 Suppl 1:S70-S76. [PMID: 37142477 PMCID: PMC10133881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health crisis. The specific characteristics of aerosol transmission in the latent period and the contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2 lead to rapid spread of infection in the community. Vaccination is the most effective method for preventing infection and severe outcomes. As of December 1, 2022, 88% of the Taiwanese population had received at least two doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Heterologous vaccination with ChAdOx1-mRNA-based or ChAdOx1-protein-based vaccines has been found to elicit higher immunogenicity than homologous vaccination with ChAdOx1-ChAdOx1 vaccines. A longitudinal cohort study revealed that 8-12-week intervals between the two heterologous vaccine doses of the primary series led to good immunogenicity and that the vaccines were safe. A third booster dose of mRNA vaccine is being encouraged to evoke effective immune responses against variants of concern. A novel domestic recombinant protein subunit vaccine (MVC-COV1901) was manufactured and authorized for emergency use in Taiwan. It has shown a good safety profile, with promising neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2. Given the global pandemic due to emerging novel variants of SARS-CoV-2, booster COVID-19 vaccines and appropriate intervals between booster doses need to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Huei Sheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Min Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chwen Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maghsoudi S, Taghavi Shahraki B, Rameh F, Nazarabi M, Fatahi Y, Akhavan O, Rabiee M, Mostafavi E, Lima EC, Saeb MR, Rabiee N. A review on computer-aided chemogenomics and drug repositioning for rational COVID-19 drug discovery. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:699-721. [PMID: 36002440 PMCID: PMC9539342 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Application of materials capable of energy harvesting to increase the efficiency and environmental adaptability is sometimes reflected in the ability of discovery of some traces in an environment-either experimentally or computationally-to enlarge practical application window. The emergence of computational methods, particularly computer-aided drug discovery (CADD), provides ample opportunities for the rapid discovery and development of unprecedented drugs. The expensive and time-consuming process of traditional drug discovery is no longer feasible, for nowadays the identification of potential drug candidates is much easier for therapeutic targets through elaborate in silico approaches, allowing the prediction of the toxicity of drugs, such as drug repositioning (DR) and chemical genomics (chemogenomics). Coronaviruses (CoVs) are cross-species viruses that are able to spread expeditiously from the into new host species, which in turn cause epidemic diseases. In this sense, this review furnishes an outline of computational strategies and their applications in drug discovery. A special focus is placed on chemogenomics and DR as unique and emerging system-based disciplines on CoV drug and target discovery to model protein networks against a library of compounds. Furthermore, to demonstrate the special advantages of CADD methods in rapidly finding a drug for this deadly virus, numerous examples of the recent achievements grounded on molecular docking, chemogenomics, and DR are reported, analyzed, and interpreted in detail. It is believed that the outcome of this review assists developers of energy harvesting materials and systems for detection of future unexpected kinds of CoVs or other variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Maghsoudi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | | | | | - Masoomeh Nazarabi
- Faculty of Organic Chemistry, Department of ChemistryUniversity of KashanKashanIran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of PhysicsSharif University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Biomedical EngineeringAmirkabir University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Eder C. Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreBrazil
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of ChemistryGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of PhysicsSharif University of TechnologyTehranIran
- School of EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangSouth Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shaik RA, Ahmad MS, Alzahrani M, Alzerwi NAN, Alnemare AK, Reyzah M, Albar HM, Alshagrawi S, Elkhalifa AME, Alzahrani R, Alrohaimi Y, Mahfoz TMB, Ahmad RK, Alahmdi RA, Al-baradie NRS. Comprehensive Highlights of the Universal Efforts towards the Development of COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101689. [PMID: 36298554 PMCID: PMC9611897 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The world has taken proactive measures to combat the pandemic since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). These measures range from increasing the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) and highlighting the value of social distancing to the emergency use authorization (EUA) of therapeutic drugs or antibodies and their appropriate use; nonetheless, the disease is still spreading quickly and is ruining people’s social lives, the economy, and public health. As a result, effective vaccines are critical for bringing the pandemic to an end and restoring normalcy in society. Several potential COVID-19 vaccines are now being researched, developed, tested, and reviewed. Since the end of June 2022, several vaccines have been provisionally approved, whereas others are about to be approved. In the upcoming years, a large number of new medications that are presently undergoing clinical testing are anticipated to hit the market. To illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of their technique, to emphasize the additives and delivery methods used in their creation, and to project potential future growth, this study explores these vaccines and the related research endeavors, including conventional and prospective approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Ahamed Shaik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohammed Shakil Ahmad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alzahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A. N. Alzerwi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Ministry of Education, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad K. Alnemare
- Otolaryngology Department, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaed Reyzah
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Ministry of Education, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham M. Albar
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Ministry of Education, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Alshagrawi
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti 1158, Sudan
| | - Raed Alzahrani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alrohaimi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M. Bin Mahfoz
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritu Kumar Ahmad
- Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh Ahmed Alahmdi
- Department of Family Medicine, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah Bin Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Negru PA, Miculas DC, Behl T, Bungau AF, Marin RC, Bungau SG. Virtual screening of substances used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and analysis of compounds with known action on structurally similar proteins from other viruses. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113432. [PMID: 36076487 PMCID: PMC9289048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is considered the etiological agent of the disease that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, and for which there is currently no effective treatment. This pandemic has shown that the rapid identification of therapeutic compounds is critical (when a new virus with high transmissibility occurs) to prevent or reduce as much as possible the loss of human lives. To meet the urgent need for drugs, many strategies were applied for the discovery, respectively the identification of potential therapies / drugs for SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking and virtual screening are two of the in silico tools/techniques that provided the identification of few SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors, removing ineffective or less effective drugs and thus preventing the loss of resources such as time and additional costs. The main target of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of how in-silico tools have been used in the crisis management of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs, especially in virtual screening of substances used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and analysis of compounds with known action on structurally similar proteins from other viruses; also, completions were added to the way in which these methods came to meet the requirements of biomedical research in the field. Moreover, the importance and impact of the topic approached for researchers was highlighted by conducting an extensive bibliometric analysis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vanaskova E, Kelbich P, Novotny T. Reactive synovitis of the knee joint after COVID-19 vaccination: The first ultrastructural analysis of synovial fluid. Int J Rheum Dis 2022; 25:1324-1327. [PMID: 35929362 PMCID: PMC9538559 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) have spread all around the world since 2019 and have affected millions of people. The development of COVID-19 vaccines helped to decelerate the spread of the virus. However, as in the case of vaccines against other infectious diseases, adverse events can also present with COVID-19 vaccines. CASE PRESENTATION We report here a rare case of a 53-year-old man with knee-joint synovitis, after the first dose of messenger RNA vaccine, with no fever and a negative COVID-19 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test. During a clinical examination the suspicion of pyogenic arthritis was excluded by blood tests and by a complex joint effusion examination, including a microbiological and cytological-energy analysis of the synovial fluid. The treatment received by our patient consisted of 3 doses of dexamethasone administered intravenously over a period of 3 days. All the symptoms improved after this therapy, and in the 3-week follow-up period we recorded full recovery with no consequences. CONCLUSION Case reports on patients undergoing COVID-19 vaccination should be examined in order to detect rare and long-term side-effects. This is the first report to present the outcomes of an ultrastructural analysis of post-vaccination synovitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliska Vanaskova
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity J. E. Purkinje and Masaryk HospitalUsti nad LabemCzech Republic
| | - Petr Kelbich
- Department of Biomedicine and Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity J. E. Purkinje and Masaryk HospitalUsti nad LabemCzech Republic,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in PragueHradec KraloveCzech Republic,Laboratory for Cerebrospinal Fluid, Neuroimmunology, Pathology and Special Diagnostics TopelexPragueCzech Republic
| | - Tomas Novotny
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity J. E. Purkinje and Masaryk HospitalUsti nad LabemCzech Republic,Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen J, Xu W, Li L, Yi L, Jiang Y, Hao P, Xu Z, Zou W, Li P, Gao Z, Tian M, Jin N, Ren L, Li C. Immunogenicity and protective potential of chimeric virus-like particles containing SARS-CoV-2 spike and H5N1 matrix 1 proteins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:967493. [PMID: 35923799 PMCID: PMC9339902 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.967493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a constant threat to human beings and the world economy for more than two years. Vaccination is the first choice to control and prevent the pandemic. However, an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine against the virus infection is still needed. This study designed and prepared four kinds of virus-like particles (VLPs) using an insect expression system. Two constructs encoded wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) fused with or without H5N1 matrix 1 (M1) (S and SM). The other two constructs contained a codon-optimized spike gene and/or M1 gene (mS and mSM) based on protein expression, stability, and ADE avoidance. The results showed that the VLP-based vaccine could induce high SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in mice, including specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a. Moreover, the mSM group has the most robust ability to stimulate humoral immunity and cellular immunity than the other VLPs, suggesting the mSM is the best immunogen. Further studies showed that the mSM combined with Al/CpG adjuvant could stimulate animals to produce sustained high-level antibodies and establish an effective protective barrier to protect mice from challenges with mouse-adapted strain. The vaccine based on mSM and Al/CpG adjuvant is a promising candidate vaccine to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Veterinary medicine, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lichao Yi
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wancheng Zou
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Peiheng Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Gao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Chang Li, ; Linzhu Ren, ; Ningyi Jin,
| | - Linzhu Ren
- College of Animal Sciences, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Chang Li, ; Linzhu Ren, ; Ningyi Jin,
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Chang Li, ; Linzhu Ren, ; Ningyi Jin,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kontoghiorghes GJ. Deferiprone: A Forty-Year-Old Multi-Targeting Drug with Possible Activity against COVID-19 and Diseases of Similar Symptomatology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126735. [PMID: 35743183 PMCID: PMC9223898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for preparing new strategies for the design of emergency drug therapies against COVID-19 and similar diseases in the future is rather urgent, considering the high rate of morbidity and especially mortality associated with COVID-19, which so far has exceeded 18 million lives. Such strategies could be conceived by targeting the causes and also the serious toxic side effects of the diseases, as well as associated biochemical and physiological pathways. Deferiprone (L1) is an EMA- and FDA-approved drug used worldwide for the treatment of iron overload and also other conditions where there are no effective treatments. The multi-potent effects and high safety record of L1 in iron loaded and non-iron loaded categories of patients suggests that L1 could be developed as a “magic bullet” drug against COVID-19 and diseases of similar symptomatology. The mode of action of L1 includes antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-hypoxic and anti-ferroptotic effects, iron buffering interactions with transferrin, iron mobilizing effects from ferritin, macrophages and other cells involved in the immune response and hyperinflammation, as well as many other therapeutic interventions. Similarly, several pharmacological and other characteristics of L1, including extensive tissue distribution and low cost of production, increase the prospect of worldwide availability, as well as many other therapeutic approach strategies involving drug combinations, adjuvant therapies and disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, Limassol 3021, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Turan C, Ozturkoglu Y. Investigating the performance of the sustainable cold supply chain in the pharmaceutical industry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND HEALTHCARE MARKETING 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijphm-04-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study focuses on identifying potential challengers affecting cold chain performance in the pharmaceutical industry. Considering the history of humanity, every pandemic experienced could only be controlled with the vaccine found. While the world is fighting the unforgettable epidemic called COVID-19, scientists are also working to find the therapeutic vaccine. The vaccines studied have different temperature storage and transport properties. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is necessary to know and analyse every step of the cold supply chain to provide the most appropriate and safe cooling level. In addition, it is important to understand the relationship between all the facilities, equipment, tools and materials needed to avoid mistakes along the chain.
Design/methodology/approach
Hence, this study focuses on identifying potential challengers affecting sustainable cold supply chain performance in the pharmaceutical industry and proposing a conceptual framework that involves these main challengers. In this study, firstly, different main and sub-factors are defined from the literature, and fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory method is applied to analyse the causal link between these factors for an effective application.
Findings
Results showed that packaging, transportation and shipping, storage specifications and handling practices, inventory management, technical issues and delivery delay are the most affected factors during the sustainable cold supply chain performance in the pharmaceutical industry. This study offers both managerial implications and a roadmap that are designed with a holistic view to guide manufacturer, logistics parties and even policymakers.
Originality/value
Some of the studies related to the pharmaceutical industry are monitoring and controlling the temperature in the cold supply chain steps; the other part is the studies where the chain steps are examined with a focus on production or transportation. While these issues are the focus, the requirements and conditions of each stage of the supply chain must be studied for a safe, effective and sustainable cold chain beyond the current global pandemic crisis. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that highlights identifying the potential challengers that affect cold supply chain performance for the pharmaceutical industry both theoretically and empirically, solving the causal relationships among these challengers and designing a holistic framework.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hwang S, Baek SH, Park D. Interaction Analysis of the Spike Protein of Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2 with hACE2 and Eight Monoclonal Antibodies Using the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:1771-1782. [PMID: 35312321 PMCID: PMC8982492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In the past 2 years,
since the emergence of severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants
have emerged. Whenever a new variant emerges, considerable time is
required to analyze the binding affinity of the viral surface proteins
to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and monoclonal antibodies.
To efficiently predict the binding affinities associated with hACE2
and monoclonal antibodies in a short time, herein, we propose a method
applying statistical analysis to simulations performed using molecular
and quantum mechanics. This method efficiently predicted the trend
of binding affinity for the binding of the spike protein of each variant
of SARS-CoV-2 to hACE2 and individually to eight commercial monoclonal
antibodies. Additionally, this method accurately predicted interaction
energy changes in the crystal structure for 10 of 13 mutated residues
in the Omicron variant, showing a significant change in the interaction
energy of hACE2. S375F was found to be a mutation that majorly changed
the binding affinity of the spike protein to hACE2 and the eight monoclonal
antibodies. Our proposed analysis method enables the prediction of
the binding affinity of new variants to hACE2 or to monoclonal antibodies
in a shorter time compared to that utilized by the experimental method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungbo Hwang
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Baek
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Banerjee S, Banerjee D, Singh A, Saharan VA. A Comprehensive Investigation Regarding the Differentiation of the Procurable COVID-19 Vaccines. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:95. [PMID: 35314902 PMCID: PMC8936379 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 became a serious threat to humankind for the past couple of years. The development of vaccine and its immediate application might be the only to escape from the grasp of this demoniac pandemic. Approximately 343 clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines are ongoing currently, and almost all countries are motivating ongoing researches at warp speed for the development of vaccines against COVID-19. This review explores the progress in the development of the vaccines, their current status of ongoing clinical research, mechanisms, and regulatory approvals. Many pharmaceutical companies are already in the endgame for manufacturing various vaccines of which some are already being marketed across the globe, while others are yet to get approval for marketing. The primary aim of this review is to compare regulatory accepted vaccines in terms of their composition, doses, regulatory status, and efficacy. The study is conducted by grouping into approved and unapproved vaccines for marketing. Different routes of administration of vaccines along with the efficacy of the routes are also presented in the review. A wide range of database and clinical trial data is reviewed for sorting out the information on different vaccines. Unfortunately, many mutations (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, kappa, omicron etc.) of SARS-CoV-2 have attacked people in very short time, which is the great challenge for investigational vaccines. Moreover, some vaccines like Pfizer's BNT162, Oxford's ChAdOx1, Moderna's mRNA-1273, and Bharat Biotech's Covaxin have got regulatory approval in some countries for its distribution which may prove to stand tall against the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Banerjee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debadri Banerjee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikas Anand Saharan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yasri S, Wiwanitki V. Molnupiravir, favipiravir and other antiviral drugs with proposed potentials for management of COVID-19: a concern on antioxidant aspect. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 13:1-4. [PMID: 35295914 PMCID: PMC8918555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an important global public health problem that causes millions of infections worldwide. The specific antiviral drug for this new infection is still under research. Some new antiviral drugs, including molnupiravir and favipiravir, are proposed for usefulness in management of COVID-19. Additionally, some classic antiviral drugs used for other viral infections are also reproposed for the potentials for management of COVID-19. In the management of COVID-19, there are several pharmacological actions. An important consideration in antiviral therapy is the management of oxidative stress, which plays important roles in viral infections including to COVID-19. The analysis of antioxidative properties of alternative drugs for management of COVID-19 is interesting and can give basic data for further new antiviral drug researching. Here, the authors perform a molecular analysis on molnupiravir, favipiravir and other antiviral drugs with proposed potentials for management of COVID-19 to determine their antioxidative properties. Data from electron acceptor and donor calculation for each drug is used for further estimating overall antioxidative characteristic. Based on the present study, all studied drugs have overall antioxidative properties. Hence, the advantage of molnupiravir, favipiravir and other antiviral drugs with proposed potentials for the management of COVID-19 is their direct action on viral molecule via binding-blocking process as well as antixodiative process. For management of COVID-19 antioxidative stress, other non-antiviral drugs that are proposed for clinical advantage might also be useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viroj Wiwanitki
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr DY Patil UniversityPune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fadare JO, Adeoti AO, Dada SA, Dele-Ojo BF, Raimi TH, Isikekpei B, Ajayi AO, Ajayi EA. COVID-19 Pandemic- Ethical Challenges for Healthcare Workers Practicing in Resource-Limited Settings. Niger Med J 2022; 63:1-9. [PMID: 38798972 PMCID: PMC11117041 DOI: 10.60787/nmj-63-1-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, the ethical issues peculiar to the COVID-19 pandemics and the role of healthcare workers, especially those in resource-limited settings are x-rayed. We contend that there is a pressing ethical issue that needs urgent clarification on the rights and responsibilities of healthcare workers, especially in the current context of COVID-19 pandemic preparedness and responsiveness. We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PUBMED related articles, newspaper articles, and online news sources for relevant information. The various professional codes of conduct (World Medical Association, Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria) were also consulted. The ethical principles of equitable distribution of healthcare resources, confidentiality with associated stigmatization, issues relating to duty to care by the healthcare workers and those pertaining to conduct of clinical trials and access to approved therapies or vaccines were highlighted in this study. We agree with the submission that healthcare workers only have a moral duty to treat patients with COVID-19 if the necessary protective equipment and adequate compensation are not provided. We argue that the duty of physicians and other healthcare workers to care for patients during pandemics such as COVID-19 is obligatory in the absence of required protective equipment and other forms of compensation. There is a need for the government and other stakeholders to put in place a National Pandemic /Epidemic Ethical Framework to address these identified ethical challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel Ayokunle Dada
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Taiwo Hussean Raimi
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Brenda Isikekpei
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Ebenezer Adekunle Ajayi
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wei F, Zhou H, Gao G, Zheng Q. Analysis of trends in patent development for coronavirus detection, prevention, and treatment technologies in key countries. JOURNAL OF BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY 2021; 4:23-32. [PMID: 34746687 PMCID: PMC8563342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobb.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus causes significant damage to human health and the global economy. In this paper, we undertake patent analysis and data mining to systematically analyze the trend in patent applications for coronavirus detection, prevention, and treatment technologies. Our goals are to determine the correlation between typical coronavirus outbreaks and changes in patent technology applications, and to compare the research and development (R&D) progress, patent layout, and characteristics of major institutions in various countries experiencing coronavirus outbreaks. We find that the United States commenced coronavirus detection and vaccine technology R&D earlier than other countries, as it attached importance to the R&D for treatment technologies from the time of the SARS outbreak and initiated the trend of multi-party R&D, with full technology chain coverage by the government, enterprises, universities, and research institutions. China’s patent applications have grown rapidly in recent years, mainly based on the R&D of research institutions and universities, although it has formed full technology chain coverage. However, the patent quality and technology global layout still need to be improved. This paper reviews the patent development trends of important coronavirus technologies, and proposes that policymakers should establish a long-term mechanism for R&D, pay attention to intellectual property protection, and deepen international technical cooperation to provide a reference for the development and application of coronavirus detection technology, vaccine technology, and treatment technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- Wuhan Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071
- Department of Library, Information and Archives Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100191
| | - Hong Zhou
- Wuhan Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071
- Department of Library, Information and Archives Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100191
| | - Guoqing Gao
- Wuhan Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071
| | - Qibin Zheng
- Wuhan Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu X, Lin J, Buch H, Ding Q, Zhang F, Cui B, Ji G. The COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy Among the People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in China: A Questionnaire Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:731578. [PMID: 34708016 PMCID: PMC8542757 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.731578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the attitudes and views of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: An online interview questionnaire concerning the acceptance or hesitancy toward vaccination for COVID-19 was designed and 543 patients with IBD in China were invited to complete the structured self-administered anonymous questionnaire. Results: Of all the participants, 50.7% were indecisive about the vaccination and only 16.0% opted for it. Vaccination hesitancy was significantly associated with women and those without medical or biomedical backgrounds. The acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination was higher in participants with no history of immune-modifying therapies, especially in those without immunosuppressants. Participants who considered vaccination critically important to self-health or the health of others were more likely to choose immediately or later vaccination. Safety and potential adverse reactions, personal hypoimmunity, efficacy, and reliability of COVID-19 vaccines were the top three concerns of the participants that were independent of their willingness for vaccination. Conclusions: This study discloses the presence of hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with IBD. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in IBD individuals, with a specific focus on the impact of immune-modifying therapies. Health education and recommendation from authoritative sources may facilitate COVID-19 vaccination efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jue Lin
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heena Buch
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quchen Ding
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bota Cui
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guozhong Ji
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Saied EM, El-Maradny YA, Osman AA, Darwish AMG, Abo Nahas HH, Niedbała G, Piekutowska M, Abdel-Rahman MA, Balbool BA, Abdel-Azeem AM. A Comprehensive Review about the Molecular Structure of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Insights into Natural Products against COVID-19. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1759. [PMID: 34834174 PMCID: PMC8624722 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the world suffered from the emergence of COVID-19 infection, one of the most difficult pandemics in recent history. Millions of confirmed deaths from this pandemic have been reported worldwide. This disaster was caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the last discovered member of the family of Coronaviridae. Various studies have shown that natural compounds have effective antiviral properties against coronaviruses by inhibiting multiple viral targets, including spike proteins and viral enzymes. This review presents the classification and a detailed explanation of the SARS-CoV-2 molecular characteristics and structure-function relationships. We present all currently available crystal structures of different SARS-CoV-2 proteins and emphasized on the crystal structure of different virus proteins and the binding modes of their ligands. This review also discusses the various therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 treatment and available vaccinations. In addition, we highlight and compare the existing data about natural compounds extracted from algae, fungi, plants, and scorpion venom that were used as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we discuss the repurposing of select approved therapeutic agents that have been used in the treatment of other viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essa M. Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yousra A. El-Maradny
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
| | - Alaa A. Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Newgiza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo 12256, Egypt;
| | - Amira M. G. Darwish
- Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Hebatallah H. Abo Nahas
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (H.H.A.N.); (M.A.A.-R.)
| | - Gniewko Niedbała
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Piekutowska
- Department of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Partyzantów 27, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Rahman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (H.H.A.N.); (M.A.A.-R.)
| | - Bassem A. Balbool
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 12585, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Virtual Alanine Scan of the Main Protease Active Site in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189837. [PMID: 34576002 PMCID: PMC8466562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, inhibitors of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro) have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Studying effects of amino acid mutations in the conformation of drug targets is necessary for anticipating drug resistance. In this study, with the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro complexed with a non-covalent inhibitor, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to determine the conformation of the complex when single amino acid residue in the active site is mutated. As a model of amino acid mutation, we constructed mutant proteins with one residue in the active site mutated to alanine. This method is called virtual alanine scan. The results of the MD simulations showed that the conformation and configuration of the ligand was changed for mutants H163A and E166A, although the structure of the whole protein and of the catalytic dyad did not change significantly, suggesting that mutations in His163 and Glu166 may be linked to drug resistance.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mslati H, Gentile F, Perez C, Cherkasov A. Comprehensive Consensus Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Drug Repurposing Campaigns. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3771-3788. [PMID: 34313439 PMCID: PMC8340583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has elicited extensive repurposing efforts (both small and large scale) to rapidly identify COVID-19 treatments among approved drugs. Herein, we provide a literature review of large-scale SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug repurposing efforts and highlight a marked lack of consistent potency reporting. This variability indicates the importance of standardizing best practices-including the use of relevant cell lines, viral isolates, and validated screening protocols. We further surveyed available biochemical and virtual screening studies against SARS-CoV-2 targets (Spike, ACE2, RdRp, PLpro, and Mpro) and discuss repurposing candidates exhibiting consistent activity across diverse, triaging assays and predictive models. Moreover, we examine repurposed drugs and their efficacy against COVID-19 and the outcomes of representative repurposed drugs in clinical trials. Finally, we propose a drug repurposing pipeline to encourage the implementation of standard methods to fast-track the discovery of candidates and to ensure reproducible results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Mslati
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of
British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6,
Canada
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of
British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6,
Canada
| | - Carl Perez
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of
British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6,
Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of
British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6,
Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Altawalah H. Antibody Responses to Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection or after COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:910. [PMID: 34452035 PMCID: PMC8402626 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical severity of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to critical disease and, eventually, death in smaller subsets of patients. The first case of COVID-19 was declared at the end of 2019 and it has since spread worldwide and remained a challenge in 2021, with the emergence of variants of concern. In fact, new concerns were the still unclear situation of SARS-CoV-2 immunity during the ongoing pandemic and progress with vaccination. If maintained at sufficiently high levels, the immune response could effectively block reinfection, which might confer long-lived protection. Understanding the protective capacity and the duration of humoral immunity during SARS-CoV-2 infection or after vaccination is critical for managing the pandemic and would also provide more evidence about the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, the exact features of antibody responses that govern SARS-CoV-2 infection or after vaccination remain unclear. This review summarizes the main knowledge that we have about the humoral immune response during COVID-19 disease or after vaccination. Such knowledge should help to optimize vaccination strategies and public health decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haya Altawalah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 24923, Kuwait; or
- Virology Unit, Yacoub Behbehani Center, Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Safat 24923, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Baimukhamedov C. Arthritis of the left elbow joint after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:1218-1220. [PMID: 34363344 PMCID: PMC8441889 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chokan Baimukhamedov
- South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent Medical Center of Joint Diseases, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Taechangam N, Kol A, Arzi B, Borjesson DL. Multipotent Stromal Cells and Viral Interaction: Current Implications for Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:214-227. [PMID: 34347271 PMCID: PMC8335712 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are widely utilized in therapy for their immunomodulatory properties, but their usage in infectious viral diseases is less explored. This review aimed to collate the current novel use of MSCs in virus-associated conditions, including MSC’s susceptibility to virus infection, antiviral properties of MSCs and their effects on cell-based immune response and implementation of MSC therapy in animal models and human clinical trials of viral diseases. Recent discoveries shed lights on MSC’s capability in suppressing viral replication and augmenting clearance through enhancement of antiviral immunity. MSC therapy may maintain a crucial balance between aiding pathogen clearance and suppressing hyperactive immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nopmanee Taechangam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dori L Borjesson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Montoya-Torres JR, Muñoz-Villamizar A, Mejia-Argueta C. Mapping research in logistics and supply chain management during COVID-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOGISTICS-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13675567.2021.1958768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jairo R. Montoya-Torres
- Research Group on Logistics Systems, School of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Andrés Muñoz-Villamizar
- Operations & Supply Chain Management Research Group, Escuela Internacional de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Christopher Mejia-Argueta
- Food and Retail Operations Lab, Center for Transportation and Logistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tarazona JV, Martínez M, Martínez MA, Anadón A. Environmental impact assessment of COVID-19 therapeutic solutions. A prospective analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146257. [PMID: 33721651 PMCID: PMC7943388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Several medicinal products for human use are currently under consideration as potential treatment for COVID-19 pandemic. As proposals cover also prophylactic use, the treatment could be massive, resulting in unprecedent levels of antiviral emissions to the aquatic environment. We have adapted previous models and used available information for predicting the environmental impact of representative medicinal products, covering the main groups under consideration: multitarget antiparasitic (chloroquines and ivermectin), glucocorticoids, macrolide antibiotics and antiviral drugs including their pharmacokinetic boosters. The retrieved information has been sufficient for conducting a conventional environmental risk assessment for the group of miscellaneous medicines; results suggest low concern for the chloroquines and dexamethasone while very high impact for ivermectin and azithromycin, even at use levels well below the default value of 1% of the population. The information on the ecotoxicity of the antiviral medicines is very scarce, thus we have explored an innovative pharmacodynamic-based approach, combining read-across, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), US EPA's Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) in vitro data, pharmacological modes of action, and the observed adverse effects. The results highlight fish sublethal effects as the most sensitive target and identify possible concerns. These results offer guidance for minimizing the environmental risk of treatment medication for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José V Tarazona
- Royal Academy of Veterinary Sciences of Spain (RACVE), Maestro Ripoll, 8, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1/A, I-43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Royal Academy of Veterinary Sciences of Spain (RACVE), Maestro Ripoll, 8, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Molecular docking, DFT analysis, and dynamics simulation of natural bioactive compounds targeting ACE2 and TMPRSS2 dual binding sites of spike protein of SARS CoV-2. J Mol Liq 2021; 342:116942. [PMID: 34305216 PMCID: PMC8267125 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community is continuously working to discover drug candidates against potential targets of SARS-CoV-2, but effective treatment has not been discovered yet. The virus enters the host cell through molecular interaction with its enzymatic receptors i.e., ACE2 and TMPRSS2, which, if, synergistically blocked can lead to the development of novel drug candidates. In this study, 1503 natural bioactive compounds were screened by HTVS, followed by SP and XP docking using Schrodinger Maestro software. Bio-0357 (protozide) and Bio-597 (chrysin) were selected for dynamics simulation based on synergistic binding affinity on S1 (docking score −9.642 and −8.78 kcal/mol) and S2 domains (-5.83 and −5.3 kcal/mol), and the RMSD, RMSF and Rg analyses showed stable interaction. The DFT analysis showed that the adsorption of protozide/chrysin, the band gap of protozide/chrysin-F/G reduced significantly. From SERS, results, it can be concluded that QDs nanocluster will act as a sensor for the detection of drugs. The docking study showed Bio-0357 and Bio-0597 bind to both S1 and S2 domains through stable molecular interactions, which can lead to the discovery of new drug candidates to prevent the entry of SARS-CoV-2. This in-silico study may be helpful to researchers for further in vitro experimental validation and development of new therapy for COVID-19.
Collapse
|
25
|
Can the COVID-19 Pandemic Disrupt the Current Drug Development Practices? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115457. [PMID: 34064287 PMCID: PMC8196831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutics and vaccines against the COVID-19 pandemic need to be developed rapidly and efficiently, given its severity. To maximize the efficiency and productivity of drug development, the world has adopted disruptive technologies and approaches in various drug development areas. Telehealth, characterized by the heavy use of digital technologies; drug repositioning strategies, aided by computational breakthroughs; and data tracking tool hubs, enabling real-time information sharing, have received much attention. Moreover, drug developers have engaged in open innovation by establishing various types of collaborations, many of which have been carried out across nations and enterprises. Finally, regulatory agencies have attempted to operate on a more flexible review basis than before. Although such disruptive approaches have partly reshaped drug development practices, issues and challenges remain before the completion of this paradigm shift in conventional drug development practices for the post-pandemic era. In this review, we have highlighted the role of a collaborative community of experts in order to figure out how disruptive technologies can be fully integrated into the current drug development practices and improve drug development efficiency for the post-pandemic era.
Collapse
|
26
|
Brito S, Ferreira N, Mateus S, Bernardo M, Pinto B, Lourenço A, Grenho F. A Case of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Following COVID-19 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Vaccination. Cureus 2021; 13:e15035. [PMID: 34150386 PMCID: PMC8200779 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a condition characterized by the increased destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) mediated by anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies with or without complement activation. Its clinical presentation is heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic to severe forms with fatal outcomes, and it can be either idiopathic or secondary to a coexisting disorder. In this report, we present a case of a patient who suffered from acute and severe AIHA after receiving the second dose of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Brito
- Internal Medicine, Hospital CUF Tejo, Lisbon, PRT
| | | | - Sofia Mateus
- Internal Medicine, Hospital CUF Tejo, Lisbon, PRT
| | | | | | - Ana Lourenço
- Internal Medicine, Hospital CUF Tejo, Lisbon, PRT
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
García-Montero C, Fraile-Martínez O, Bravo C, Torres-Carranza D, Sanchez-Trujillo L, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Guijarro LG, García-Honduvilla N, Asúnsolo A, Bujan J, Monserrat J, Serrano E, Álvarez-Mon M, De León-Luis JA, Álvarez-Mon MA, Ortega MA. An Updated Review of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and the Importance of Effective Vaccination Programs in Pandemic Times. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050433. [PMID: 33925526 PMCID: PMC8146241 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic was declared a year ago, the search for vaccines has become the top priority in order to restore normalcy after 2.5 million deaths worldwide, overloaded sanitary systems, and a huge economic burden. Vaccine development has represented a step towards the desired herd immunity in a short period of time, owing to a high level of investment, the focus of researchers, and the urge for the authorization of the faster administration of vaccines. Nevertheless, this objective may only be achieved by pursuing effective strategies and policies in various countries worldwide. In the present review, some aspects involved in accomplishing a successful vaccination program are addressed, in addition to the importance of vaccination in a pandemic in the face of unwillingness, conspiracy theories, or a lack of information among the public. Moreover, we provide some updated points related to the landscape of the clinical development of vaccine candidates, specifically, the top five vaccines that are already being assessed in Phase IV clinical trials (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, AZD1222, Ad26.COV2.S, and CoronaVac).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lara Sanchez-Trujillo
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Encarnación Serrano
- Los fresnos of Health Centre, Health Area III, Torrejon de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan A De León-Luis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- First of May Health Centre, Health Area I, Rivas Vaciamadrid, 28521 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kanimozhi G, Pradhapsingh B, Singh Pawar C, Khan HA, Alrokayan SH, Prasad NR. SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, Molecular Targets and Experimental Models. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638334. [PMID: 33967772 PMCID: PMC8100521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recent pandemic outbreak threatening human beings worldwide. This novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection causes severe morbidity and mortality and rapidly spreading across the countries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for basic fundamental research to understand the pathogenesis and druggable molecular targets of SARS-CoV-2. Recent sequencing data of the viral genome and X-ray crystallographic data of the viral proteins illustrate potential molecular targets that need to be investigated for structure-based drug design. Further, the SARS-CoV-2 viral pathogen isolated from clinical samples needs to be cultivated and titrated. All of these scenarios demand suitable laboratory experimental models. The experimental models should mimic the viral life cycle as it happens in the human lung epithelial cells. Recently, researchers employing primary human lung epithelial cells, intestinal epithelial cells, experimental cell lines like Vero cells, CaCo-2 cells, HEK-293, H1299, Calu-3 for understanding viral titer values. The human iPSC-derived lung organoids, small intestinal organoids, and blood vessel organoids increase interest among researchers to understand SARS-CoV-2 biology and treatment outcome. The SARS-CoV-2 enters the human lung epithelial cells using viral Spike (S1) protein and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor. The laboratory mouse show poor ACE-2 expression and thereby inefficient SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, there was an urgent need to develop transgenic hACE-2 mouse models to understand antiviral agents' therapeutic outcomes. This review highlighted the viral pathogenesis, potential druggable molecular targets, and suitable experimental models for basic fundamental research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Kanimozhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dharmapuram Gnanambigai Government Arts College for Women, Mayiladuthurai, India
| | - B. Pradhapsingh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Charan Singh Pawar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yan Y, Pang Y, Lyu Z, Wang R, Wu X, You C, Zhao H, Manickam S, Lester E, Wu T, Pang CH. The COVID-19 Vaccines: Recent Development, Challenges and Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:349. [PMID: 33916489 PMCID: PMC8067284 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with the pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to become a global pandemic. At present, the world is relying mainly on containment and hygiene-related measures, as well as repurposed drugs to control the outbreak. The development of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for the world to return to pre-pandemic normalcy, and a collective global effort has been invested into protection against SARS-CoV-2. As of March 2021, thirteen vaccines have been approved for application whilst over 90 vaccine candidates are under clinical trials. This review focuses on the development of COVID-19 vaccines and highlights the efficacy and vaccination reactions of the authorised vaccines. The mechanisms, storage, and dosage specification of vaccine candidates at the advanced stage of development are also critically reviewed together with considerations for potential challenges. Whilst the development of a vaccine is, in general, in its infancy, current progress is promising. However, the world population will have to continue to adapt to the "new normal" and practice social distancing and hygienic measures, at least until effective vaccines are available to the general public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Yoongxin Pang
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, China; (Y.P.); (R.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhuoyi Lyu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, China; (Y.P.); (R.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinyun Wu
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, China; (Y.P.); (R.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Chong You
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Haitao Zhao
- MITMECHE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei;
| | - Edward Lester
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, China; (Y.P.); (R.W.); (X.W.)
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Doulberis M, Papaefthymiou A, Kotronis G, Gialamprinou D, Soteriades ES, Kyriakopoulos A, Chatzimichael E, Kafafyllidou K, Liatsos C, Chatzistefanou I, Anagnostis P, Semenin V, Ntona S, Gkolia I, Papazoglou DD, Tsinonis N, Papamichos S, Kirbas H, Zikos P, Niafas D, Kountouras J. Does COVID-19 Vaccination Warrant the Classical Principle " ofelein i mi vlaptin"? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:253. [PMID: 33803295 PMCID: PMC7999356 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic warrants an imperative necessity for effective and safe vaccination, to restrain Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including transmissibility, morbidity, and mortality. In this regard, intensive medical and biological research leading to the development of an arsenal of vaccines, albeit incomplete preconditioned evaluation, due to emergency. The subsequent scientific gap raises some concerns in the medical community and the general public. More specifically, the accelerated vaccine development downgraded the value of necessary pre-clinical studies to elicit medium- and long-term beneficial or harmful consequences. Previous experience and pathophysiological background of coronaviruses' infections and vaccine technologies, combined with the global vaccines' application, underlined the obligation of a cautious and qualitative approach, to illuminate potential vaccination-related adverse events. Moreover, the high SARS-CoV-2 mutation potential and the already aggregated genetical alterations provoke a rational vagueness and uncertainty concerning vaccines' efficacy against dominant strains and the respective clinical immunity. This review critically summarizes existing evidence and queries regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, to motivate scientists' and clinicians' interest for an optimal, individualized, and holistic management of this unprecedented pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54652 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.D.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54652 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.D.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larisa, Mezourlo, 41110 Larisa, Greece
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Aghios Pavlos of Thessaloniki, 55134 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitra Gialamprinou
- Second Neonatal Department and NICU, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Elpidoforos S. Soteriades
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics and Management, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2252, Cyprus;
- Department of Environmental Health, Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology (EOME), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony Kyriakopoulos
- Nasco AD Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Research and Development, 18536 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Eleftherios Chatzimichael
- Center for Integrative Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Kyriaki Kafafyllidou
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Christos Liatsos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 Army General Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Chatzistefanou
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, 424 General Military Hospital, Ring Road Efkarpia, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Paul Anagnostis
- ORL and Psychiatry Private Practice, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Vitalii Semenin
- Neurology and Psychiatry Private Practice, 2502 Biel, Switzerland;
| | - Smaragda Ntona
- Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ioanna Gkolia
- Psychiatric Hospital of Thessaloniki, Stavroupolis, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios David Papazoglou
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Bürgerspital Solothurn, 4500 Solothurn, Switzerland;
| | | | - Spyros Papamichos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54652 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.D.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Hristos Kirbas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, “Thegeneio” Cancer Hospital, 54007 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Petros Zikos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54652 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.D.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hendricks CL, Herd C, Nel M, Tintinger G, Pepper MS. The COVID-19 Treatment Landscape: A South African Perspective on a Race Against Time. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:604087. [PMID: 33681243 PMCID: PMC7933453 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.604087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 94 million people worldwide (as of 17 January 2020). Severe disease is believed to be secondary to the cytokine release syndrome (CRS or "cytokine storm") which causes local tissue damage as well as multi-organ dysfunction and thrombotic complications. Due to the high mortality rates in patients receiving invasive ventilation, practice has changed from "early-intubation" for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to a trial of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen. Reports indicating the benefit of NIV and HFNC have been encouraging and have led to more than 20,000 such devices being manufactured and ready for roll-out in South Africa (SA) as of July 2020. The need to identify drugs with clear clinical benefits has led to an array of clinical trials, most of which are repurposing drugs for COVID-19. The treatment landscape reflects the need to target both the virus and its effects such as the CRS and thrombotic complications. Conflicting results have the potential to confuse the implementation of coordinated treatment strategies and guidelines. The purpose of this review is to address pertinent areas in the current literature on the available medical treatment options for COVID-19. Remdesivir, tocilizumab, and dexamethasone are some of the treatment options that have shown the most promise, but further randomized trials are required to particularly address timing and dosages to confidently create standardized protocols. For the SA population, two healthcare sectors exist. In the private sector, patients with medical insurance may have greater access to a wider range of treatment options than those in the public sector. The latter serves >80% of the population, and resource constraints require the identification of drugs with the most cost-effective use for the greatest number of affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candice Laverne Hendricks
- Department of Medical Immunology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Candice Herd
- Department of Medical Immunology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marcel Nel
- Department of Medical Immunology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gregory Tintinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael Sean Pepper
- Department of Medical Immunology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|