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Li X, Zhou Z, Tao Y, He L, Zhan F, Li J. Linking homocysteine and ferroptosis in cardiovascular disease: insights and implications. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01999-6. [PMID: 39044092 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a metabolic intermediate product derived from methionine. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a condition associated with various diseases. Hcy is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death, is primarily characterized by substantial iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Recent research indicates a close association between ferroptosis and the pathophysiological processes of tumors, neurological diseases, CVD, and other ailments. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of Hcy on ferroptosis. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the potential roles and mechanisms of homocysteine and ferroptosis in the context of cardiovascular disease. By conducting comprehensive literature research and analysis, we aimed to summarize recent advancements in understanding the effects of homocysteine on ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases. This research contributes to a profound understanding of this critical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Fenfang Zhan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Liang Z, Li K, Chen H, Jia J, Li J, Huo Y, Fan F, Zhang Y. The Association of Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations with a 10-Year Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a Community-Based Chinese Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:1945. [PMID: 38931298 PMCID: PMC11206274 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to examine the association of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations with a 10-year risk of all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality and to explore the modification effect of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genetic polymorphism. This study included 5200 participants from a community-based Chinese population. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the associations of Hcy and MTHFR C677T genotype with all-cause and CV mortality. The possible modification effect of the MTHFR C677T genotype on the Hcy-mortality relationship was assessed. The individuals with Hcy concentrations ≥ 10 μmol/L had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with Hcy < 10 μmol/L (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-2.68, p = 0.015). The risk of CV mortality increased by 2% per 1 μmol/L Hcy increment (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, p = 0.036). Despite the MTHFR genotype alone not being correlated with the mortality, the relationship between Hcy and all-cause mortality was significant in the CC genotype compared with CT/TT genotype (p for interaction = 0.036). Elevated plasma Hcy concentrations were associated with an increased 10-year risk of all-cause and CV mortality among the Chinese population. MTHFR C677T genetic polymorphism could modify the association between Hcy and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; (Z.L.); (K.L.); (H.C.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Kaiyin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; (Z.L.); (K.L.); (H.C.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; (Z.L.); (K.L.); (H.C.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; (Z.L.); (K.L.); (H.C.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; (Z.L.); (K.L.); (H.C.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; (Z.L.); (K.L.); (H.C.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; (Z.L.); (K.L.); (H.C.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; (Z.L.); (K.L.); (H.C.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
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Sun W, Li C, Jiao Z, Liu T, Shi H. Multiparameter neuroimaging study of neurovascular coupling changes in patients with end-stage renal disease. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3598. [PMID: 38923330 PMCID: PMC11196241 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess changes in neurovascular coupling (NVC) by evaluating the relationship between cerebral perfusion and brain connectivity in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis versus in healthy control participants. And by exploring brain regions with abnormal NVC associated with cognitive deficits in patients, we aim to provide new insights into potential preventive and therapeutic interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 45 patients and 40 matched healthy controls were prospectively enrolled in our study. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive function. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) was used to calculate cerebral blood flow (CBF), and graph theory-based analysis of results from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to calculate brain network topological parameters (node betweenness centrality [BC], node efficiency [Ne], and node degree centrality [DC]). Three NVC biomarkers (CBF-BC, CBF-Ne, and CBF-DC coefficients) at the whole brain level and 3 NVC biomarkers (CBF/BC, CBF/Ne, and CBF/DC ratios) at the local brain region level were used to assess NVC. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the intergroup differences in NVC parameters. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among NVC dysfunctional pattern, cognitive impairment, and clinical characteristics multiple comparisons were corrected using a voxel-wise false-discovery rate (FDR) method (p < .05). RESULTS Patients showed significantly reduced global coupling coefficients for CBF-Ne (p = .023) and CBF-BC (p = .035) compared to healthy controls. Coupling ratios at the local brain region level were significantly higher in patients in 33 brain regions (all p values < .05). Coupling ratio changes alone or accompanied by changes in CBF, node properties, or both CBF and node properties were identified. In patients, negative correlations were seen between coupling ratios and MoCA scores in many brain regions, including the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, the bilateral median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and the right superior parietal gyrus. The correlations remained even after adjusting for hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. CONCLUSION Disrupted NVC may be one mechanism underlying cognitive impairment in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of RadiologyThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhouChina
- Graduate College, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Chen Li
- Graduate College, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Zhuqing Jiao
- School of Computer Science and Artificial IntelligenceChangzhou UniversityChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Tongqiang Liu
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Department of RadiologyThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhouChina
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Savic-Hartwig M, Kerlikowsky F, van de Flierdt E, Hahn A, Schuchardt JP. A micronutrient supplement modulates homocysteine levels regardless of vitamin B biostatus in elderly subjects. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:120-132. [PMID: 36715360 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels (≥15 μmol/L) in the elderly are frequently associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. Several studies have already shown an Hcy-lowering effect of B vitamin supplementation in cohorts deficient in these nutrients. The aim of this randomized, double-blinded 12-week intervention study was to investigate whether Hcy levels in healthy elderly subjects (75.4±4.5 years, n=133) could be lowered with a micronutrient supplement (i.e., 400 μg folic acid, 100 μg cobalamin). Difference in mean initial Hcy levels between intervention (17.6±7.1 μmol/L, n=65) and placebo group (18.9±6.1 μmol/L, n=68) was not significant. The prevalence of cobalamin and folate deficiency in the total study population was low: 27% had serum-cobalamin levels ≤150 pmol/L, 12% holo-transcobalamin (Holo-TC) levels ≤50 pmol/L, 13% low cobalamin status using the aggregated cobalamin marker 4cB12 and 10% red blood cell (RBC) folate ≤570 nmol/L. Nevertheless, the treated subjects still showed improved cobalamin and folate biostatus (serum cobalamin Δt12-t0: 63±48 pmol/L; Holo-TC Δt12-t0: 17±19 pmol/L; RBC folate Δt12-t0: 326±253 nmol/L) and Hcy levels (Δt12-t0: -3.6±5.7 μmol/L). The effects were statistically significant compared to the placebo group with p=0.005 (serum cobalamin), p=0.021 (Holo-TC), p=0.014 (RBC-folate) and p<0.001 (Hcy). The Hcy-lowering effect was dependent on the initial Hcy levels (p<0.001). Our findings suggest that elevated Hcy levels in elderly subjects can be lowered regardless of the initial cobalamin and folate biostatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Savic-Hartwig
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Kerlikowsky
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Edda van de Flierdt
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
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Chaptal MC, Maraninchi M, Musto G, Mancini J, Chtioui H, Dupont-Roussel J, Marlinge M, Fromonot J, Lalevee N, Mourre F, Beliard S, Guieu R, Valero R, Mottola G. Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Decreases the Expression of Adenosine A 2A Receptor and Lipid Rafts-Protein Flotillin-1: Insights on Cardiovascular Risk of Hypercholesterolemia. Cells 2024; 13:488. [PMID: 38534331 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High blood levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDL-C) are associated with atherosclerosis, mainly by promoting foam cell accumulation in vessels. As cholesterol is an essential component of cell plasma membranes and a regulator of several signaling pathways, LDL-C excess may have wider cardiovascular toxicity. We examined, in untreated hypercholesterolemia (HC) patients, selected regardless of the cause of LDL-C accumulation, and in healthy participants (HP), the expression of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), an anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory protein with cholesterol-dependent modulation, and Flotillin-1, protein marker of cholesterol-enriched plasma membrane domains. Blood cardiovascular risk and inflammatory biomarkers were measured. A2AR and Flotillin-1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was lower in patients compared to HP and negatively correlated to LDL-C blood levels. No other differences were observed between the two groups apart from transferrin and ferritin concentrations. A2AR and Flotillin-1 proteins levels were positively correlated in the whole study population. Incubation of HP PBMCs with LDL-C caused a similar reduction in A2AR and Flotillin-1 expression. We suggest that LDL-C affects A2AR expression by impacting cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cholesterol toxicity, and may have important clinical implication for assessment and treatment of cardiovascular risk in HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Chaptal
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marie Maraninchi
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Giorgia Musto
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Julien Mancini
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Hedi Chtioui
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Hospital La Conception, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Janine Dupont-Roussel
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Hospital La Conception, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marion Marlinge
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
- Secteur de Biochimie, Biogenopôle, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Julien Fromonot
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
- Secteur de Biochimie, Biogenopôle, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Lalevee
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Florian Mourre
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Hospital La Conception, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Beliard
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Hospital La Conception, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Régis Guieu
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
- Secteur de Biochimie, Biogenopôle, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - René Valero
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Hospital La Conception, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Giovanna Mottola
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
- Secteur de Biochimie, Biogenopôle, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France
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Virk MS, Virk MA, He Y, Tufail T, Gul M, Qayum A, Rehman A, Rashid A, Ekumah JN, Han X, Wang J, Ren X. The Anti-Inflammatory and Curative Exponent of Probiotics: A Comprehensive and Authentic Ingredient for the Sustained Functioning of Major Human Organs. Nutrients 2024; 16:546. [PMID: 38398870 PMCID: PMC10893534 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Several billion microorganisms reside in the gastrointestinal lumen, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Among them, probiotics were primarily used to cure digestive disorders such as intestinal infections and diarrhea; however, with a paradigm shift towards alleviating health through food, their importance is large. Moreover, recent studies have changed the perspective that probiotics prevent numerous ailments in the major organs. Probiotics primarily produce biologically active compounds targeting discommodious pathogens. This review demonstrates the implications of using probiotics from different genres to prevent and alleviate ailments in the primary human organs. The findings reveal that probiotics immediately activate anti-inflammatory mechanisms by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13, and hindering pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by involving regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Th cells). Several strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium breve have been listed among the probiotics that are excellent in alleviating various simple to complex ailments. Therefore, the importance of probiotics necessitates robust research to unveil the implications of probiotics, including the potency of strains, the optimal dosages, the combination of probiotics, their habitat in the host, the host response, and other pertinent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safiullah Virk
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | | | - Yufeng He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehak Gul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Abdur Rehman
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Arif Rashid
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - John-Nelson Ekumah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xu Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Junxia Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xiaofeng Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Zhou L. Homocysteine and Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14420. [PMID: 37641911 PMCID: PMC10848096 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important metabolite in methionine metabolism. When the metabolic pathway of homocysteine is abnormal, it will accumulate in the body and eventually lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. In recent years, many studies have found that hyperhomocysteinemia is related to the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease. This study reviews the roles of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and illustrates the harmful effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zhou
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
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Ohara H, Takeuchi F, Kato N, Nabika T. Genotypes of Stim1 and the proximal region on chromosome 1 exert opposite effects on stroke susceptibility in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Hypertens 2024; 42:118-128. [PMID: 37711097 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) is a genetic model for cerebral stroke. Although a recent study on a congenic SHRSP suggested that a nonsense mutation in stromal interaction molecule 1 ( Stim1 ) encoding a major component of store-operated Ca 2+ entry was a causal variant for stroke in SHRSP, this was not conclusive because the congenic region including Stim1 in that rat was too wide. On the other hand, we demonstrated that the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)-derived congenic fragment adjacent to Stim1 exacerbated stroke susceptibility in a congenic SHRSP called SPwch1.71. In the present study, we directly examined the effects of the Stim1 genotype on stroke susceptibility using SHRSP in which wild-type Stim1 was knocked in (called Stim1 -KI SHRSP). The combined effects of Stim1 and the congenic fragment of SPwch1.71 were also investigated. METHODS Stroke susceptibility was assessed by the stroke symptom-free and survival periods based on observations of behavioral symptoms and reductions in body weight. RESULTS Stim1 -KI SHRSP was more resistant to, while SPwch1.71 was more susceptible to stroke than the original SHRSP. Introgression of the wild-type Stim1 of Stim1 -KI SHRSP into SPwch1.71 by the generation of F1 rats ameliorated stroke susceptibility in SPwch1.71. Gene expression, whole-genome sequencing, and biochemical analyses identified Art2b , Folr1 , and Pde2a as possible candidate genes accelerating stroke in SPwch1.71. CONCLUSION The substitution of SHRSP-type Stim1 to wild-type Stim1 ameliorated stroke susceptibility in both SHRSP and SPwch1.71, indicating that the nonsense mutation in Stim1 is causally related to stroke susceptibility in SHRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ohara
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Medical Genomics Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Medical Genomics Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo
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Shibeeb S, Abdallah A, Shi Z. Blood Homocysteine Levels Mediate the Association Between Blood Lead Levels and Cardiovascular Mortality. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:62-70. [PMID: 38231351 PMCID: PMC10838245 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Lead is a heavy, toxic metal and its exposure to humans can lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease development and mortality. Lead exposure has been shown to induce hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCy) which may be a major pathogenic risk for the risk of CVDs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether homocysteine (Hcy) mediates the effect of lead on cardiovascular mortality. A total of 17,915 adults aged ≥ 20 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999 to 2006). Information on mortality was ascertained via probabilistic matching to the death certificates from the National Death Index recorded up to December 31, 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to assess the association between blood lead levels and mortality. Mediation via Hcy was examined using a logit model. During a mean follow-up of 11.6 years, the incidences of CVD mortality were 0.73, 2.18, 3.03 and 4.94 per 1000 person-years across quarterlies of blood lead levels from low to high. Following multivariable adjustment, blood lead levels were strongly associated with CVD mortality in all mortality models (p-trend < 0.001). This association remained statistically significant after further adjusting for quartiles of homocysteine (model 3; HR 1.38 (95% CI 1.01-1.89) p-trend < 0.001). Furthermore, blood lead levels increased the odds of CVD mortality via homocysteine (indirect effect) (OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.30-1.55)), demonstrating the mediatory effect of homocysteine. This the first study that demonstrates that increased homocysteine mediates nearly half of CVD mortality related to blood lead levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapha Shibeeb
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Atiyeh Abdallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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10
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Zhou Y, Wang T, Fan H, Liu S, Teng X, Shao L, Shen Z. Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection in Metabolism. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102040. [PMID: 37595858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm and dissection are complicated diseases having both high prevalence and mortality. It is usually diagnosed at advanced stages and posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the limitations of current detecting methods for aortic dissection used in clinics. Metabonomics demonstrated its great potential capability in the early diagnosis and personalized treatment of several diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic disorders including amino acid metabolism, glycometabolism, and lipid metabolism disturbance are involved in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm and dissection by affecting multiple functional aortic cells. The purpose of this review is to provide new insights into the metabolism alterations and their related regulatory mechanisms with a focus on recent advances and findings and provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis, prevention, and drug development for aortic aneurysm and dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianbo Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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11
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Wei JH, Qi H, Zhou Y, Hou HT, He GW, Yang Q. Homocysteine impairs the anticontractile/vasorelaxing activity of perivascular adipose tissue surrounding human internal mammary artery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 64:ezad406. [PMID: 38070151 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding human internal mammary artery (IMA) possesses anticontractile property. Its function under pathological conditions is barely studied. We previously reported that homocysteine impairs the vasodilator function of IMA through endothelium and smooth muscle-dependent mechanisms. This study investigated the effect of homocysteine on the function of PVAT and the associated mechanisms. METHODS Residual IMA tissues were collected from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Vasoreactivity was studied using myograph. Adiponectin was measured by ELISA. Expressions of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs), eNOS and p-eNOS were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS Exposure to homocysteine augmented the contractile responses of PVAT-intact IMA to U46619 and potassium chloride, regardless with or without endothelium. Such augmentation was also observed in skeletonized IMA with transferred, homocysteine-exposed PVAT. Homocysteine attenuated the relaxant response of PVAT-intact while endothelium-denuded vessels to acetylcholine. Homocysteine lowered adiponectin content in the PVAT, downregulated the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 as well as eNOS and p-eNOS in skeletonized IMA. The relaxant response of skeletonized IMA to AdipoR agonist AdipoRon was blunted by homocysteine or eNOS inhibitor, and homocysteine significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of eNOS inhibitor on AdipoRon-induced relaxation. CONCLUSIONS Homocysteine impairs the anticontractile/vasorelaxing activity of PVAT surrounding the IMA through inhibiting adiponectin/AdipoR/eNOS/nitric oxide signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Qi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
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12
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Otsu Y, Ae R, Kuwabara M. Folate and cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1816-1818. [PMID: 37173431 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01307-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Otsu
- Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Ae
- Division of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
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13
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Zhang S, Lv Y, Luo X, Weng X, Qi J, Bai X, Zhao C, Zeng M, Bao X, Dai X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Hu S, Li J, Jia H. Homocysteine promotes atherosclerosis through macrophage pyroptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium disorder. Mol Med 2023; 29:73. [PMID: 37308812 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma homocysteine levels, known as hyperhomocysteinemia, have been identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases. Macrophage pyroptosis-mediated inflammation is crucial in the development of atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS A hyperhomocysteinemia atherosclerotic model with ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-methionine diet was constructed to investigate the role of plasma homocysteine in atherosclerosis. THP-1-derived macrophages were used to investigate the mechanisms by which Hcy regulates pyroptosis. RESULTS We found that hyperhomocysteinemia resulted in larger atherosclerotic plaques and more secretion of inflammatory cytokines, while these effects were attenuated in Caspase-1 knockdown mice. Likewise, in vitro experiments demonstrated that treatment of macrophages with homocysteine resulted in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, as evidenced by cleavage of Caspase-1, production of downstream IL-1β, elevation of lactate dehydrogenase activity, and extensive propidium iodide-positive staining of cells. These were all inhibited by Caspase-1 inhibitor. In addition, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis. Moreover, further experiments revealed that homocysteine induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, enhanced communication between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and consequently contributed to calcium disorder. Furthermore, the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, 4PBA, the calcium chelator, BAPTA, and calcium channel inhibitor, 2-APB significantly improved macrophage pyroptosis. CONCLUSION Homocysteine accelerates atherosclerosis progression by enhancing macrophages pyroptosis via promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress, endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling, and disturbing of calcium disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhu Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Sining Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Yalameha B, Reza Nejabati H. Urinary Exosomal Metabolites: Overlooked Clue for Predicting Cardiovascular Risk. Clin Chim Acta 2023:117445. [PMID: 37315726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, increasing research has focused on urinary exosomes (UEs) in biological fluids and their relationship with physiological and pathological processes. UEs are membranous vesicles with a size of 40-100 nm, containing a number of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs. These vesicles are an inexpensive non-invasive source that can be used in clinical settings to differentiate healthy patients from diseased patients, thereby serving as potential biomarkers for the early identification of disease. Recent studies have reported the isolation of small molecules called exosomal metabolites from individuals' urine with different diseases. These metabolites could utilize for a variety of purposes, such as the discovery of biomarkers, investigation of mechanisms related to disease development, and importantly prediction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors, including thrombosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia as well as homocysteine. It has been indicated that alteration in urinary metabolites of N1-methylnicotinamide, 4-aminohippuric acid, and citric acid can be valuable in predicting cardiovascular risk factors, providing a novel approach to evaluating the pathological status of CVDs. Since the UEs metabolome has been clearly and precisely so far unexplored in CVDs, the present study has specifically addressed the role of the mentioned metabolites in the prediction of CVDs risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Yalameha
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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15
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Yu B, Zhang B, Han X, Long W, Zhou W, Yuan X. Platelet counts affect the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and pregnancy complications. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1058. [PMID: 37268909 PMCID: PMC10236586 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The joint effect of platelet and other modifiers on the risk of pregnancy complications is unknown. This study investigated whether platelet count (PC) and total homocysteine (tHcy) level have a synergistic effect on the incidence of pregnancy complications in a Chinese population. METHODS Total 11,553 consecutive pregnant women who received whole blood cell and biochemical tests at the time of admission for labor in Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were analyzed. The primary outcome was the prevalence of pregnancy complications: gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), pre-eclampsia (PE), and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). RESULTS The prevalence of GDM, ICP, PE, and PIH was 8.4%, 6.2%, 3.4%, and 2.1%, respectively. The highest rate of ICP (28.6%) was observed in women with high tHcy (> 15 μmol/L) and low PC (quartile 1); and the lowest rate of GDM (0.6%) was found in women with high tHcy and high PC (quartiles 2 to 4). In low PC group, the prevalence of ICP in women with high tHcy was significantly higher than that in women with low tHcy (≤ 15 μmol/L) (28.6% vs. 8.4%), representing an absolute risk increment of 20.2% and a relative risk increment of 3.3-fold (OR: 3.34; 95% CI: 1.55, 7.17; P = 0.002), whereas no joint effect was observed among high PC group. CONCLUSIONS Among Chinese pregnant women, one subgroup (high tHcy and low PC) has the highest risk of ICP and another (high tHcy and high PC) has the lowest risk of GDM; tHcy and platelet could be used as indicators to identify the women with high risk of ICP or low risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 16th Ding Xiang Road, Changzhou, 213023 Jiangsu China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 16th Ding Xiang Road, Changzhou, 213023 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaoya Han
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 16th Ding Xiang Road, Changzhou, 213023 Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Long
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 16th Ding Xiang Road, Changzhou, 213023 Jiangsu China
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 16th Ding Xiang Road, Changzhou, 213023 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaosong Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 16th Ding Xiang Road, Changzhou, 213023 Jiangsu China
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16
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H2S Donors with Cytoprotective Effects in Models of MI/R Injury and Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030650. [PMID: 36978898 PMCID: PMC10045576 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous signaling molecule that greatly influences several important (patho)physiological processes related to cardiovascular health and disease, including vasodilation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cellular redox homeostasis. Consequently, H2S supplementation is an emerging area of interest, especially for the treatment of cardiovascular-related diseases. To fully unlock the medicinal properties of hydrogen sulfide, however, the development and refinement of H2S releasing compounds (or donors) are required to augment its bioavailability and to better mimic its natural enzymatic production. Categorizing donors by the biological stimulus that triggers their H2S release, this review highlights the fundamental chemistry and releasing mechanisms of a range of H2S donors that have exhibited promising protective effects in models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury and cancer chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, specifically. Thus, in addition to serving as important investigative tools that further advance our knowledge and understanding of H2S chemical biology, the compounds highlighted in this review have the potential to serve as vital therapeutic agents for the treatment (or prevention) of various cardiomyopathies.
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17
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Guéant JL, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Oussalah A, Zuily S, Rosenberg I. Hyperhomocysteinemia in Cardiovascular Diseases: Revisiting Observational Studies and Clinical Trials. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:270-282. [PMID: 36170884 DOI: 10.1055/a-1952-1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Thromboembolic manifestations are relatively frequent in patients with intermediate/severe hyperhomocysteinemia (>30 µmol/L) related to inherited disorders and deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folate. In contrast, moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (15-30 µmol/L) is a modest predictor of cardiovascular risk. The recognition of homocysteine as a cardiovascular risk factor has been challenged by some but not all randomized clinical trials. We reviewed the main data of this controversy and formulated conclusions to be translated in clinical practice.Homocysteine-lowering trials have been performed in cardiovascular subjects with moderate but not intermediate/severe hyperhomocysteinemia despite the dose-effect risk association. The first meta-analyses found no benefit and led cardiology societies not recommending homocysteine in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. This guideline challenged the need to diagnose and treat the nutritional and genetic causes of intermediate/major hyperhomocysteinemia and was not revised when larger meta-analyses concluded to a reduced risk of stroke. In a recent observational study, 84% of consecutive cardiovascular patients assessed for homocysteine had intermediate or major hyperhomocysteinemia, which was properly assessed in only half of the cases and related to B12 and/or folate deficiency and Addison/Biermer disease in 55% of these cases.In conclusion, revisiting observational studies and clinical trials suggests that cardiovascular patients should be screened for hyperhomocysteinemia, when no other risk factor is found. Patients with intermediate/major hyperhomocysteinemia should be properly assessed and treated for B vitamin deficiencies and inherited disorders according to current guidelines. Further trials are needed to assess the effect of lowering homocysteine according to hyperhomocysteinemia categories at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Guéant
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Abderrahim Oussalah
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Zuily
- Vascular Medicine Division and Regional Competence Center for Rare Auto-Immune Diseases, INSERM UMR_S 1116 DCAC and CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Irwin Rosenberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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18
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Wu H, Li Z, Yang Y, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Li G, Yang X. Rap1A accelerates homocysteine-induced ANA-1 cells inflammation via synergy of FoxO1 and DNMT3a. Cell Signal 2023; 106:110627. [PMID: 36791985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal elevation of homocysteine (Hcy) level accelerates atherosclerosis through promote macrophage inflammation, while the precise mechanisms remain to be well elucidated. Previous study revealed that Rap1A is involved in the development of atherosclerosis, but little is known regarding the regulation of macrophage inflammation induced by Hcy and its potential mechanisms. In the present study, we demonstrated that Hcy upregulates Rap1A expression and knockdown of Rap1A inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α levels in ANA-1 cells. Mechanistically, DNMT3a-mediated DNA hypomethylation of Rap1A promoter accelerates Hcy-induced ANA-1 cells inflammation. Furthermore, FoxO1 transcriptionally activate Rap1A by direct binding to its promoter. More importantly, Hcy could enhance FoxO1 interaction with DNMT3a and synergistically promote the expression of Rap1A resulting in accelerate ANA-1 cells inflammation. These data indicate that Rap1A is a novel and important regulator in Hcy-induced ANA-1 cells inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 75004, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yanjia Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Guizhong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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19
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Yuan D, Chu J, Lin H, Zhu G, Qian J, Yu Y, Yao T, Ping F, Chen F, Liu X. Mechanism of homocysteine-mediated endothelial injury and its consequences for atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1109445. [PMID: 36727029 PMCID: PMC9884709 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediate amino acid formed during the conversion from methionine to cysteine. When the fasting plasma Hcy level is higher than 15 μmol/L, it is considered as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). The vascular endothelium is an important barrier to vascular homeostasis, and its impairment is the initiation of atherosclerosis (AS). HHcy is an important risk factor for AS, which can promote the development of AS and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, and Hcy damage to the endothelium is considered to play a very important role. However, the mechanism by which Hcy damages the endothelium is still not fully understood. This review summarizes the mechanism of Hcy-induced endothelial injury and the treatment methods to alleviate the Hcy induced endothelial dysfunction, in order to provide new thoughts for the diagnosis and treatment of Hcy-induced endothelial injury and subsequent AS-related diseases.
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20
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Ye M, Li H, Luo H, Zhou Y, Luo W, Lin Z. Potential Antioxidative Activity of Homocysteine in Erythrocytes under Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010202. [PMID: 36671064 PMCID: PMC9855177 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine is an amino acid containing a free sulfhydryl group, making it probably contribute to the antioxidative capacity in the body. We recently found that plasma total homocysteine (total-Hcy) concentration increased with time when whole blood samples were kept at room temperature. The present study was to elucidate how increased plasma total-Hcy is produced and explore the potential physiological role of homocysteine. Erythrocytes and leukocytes were separated and incubated in vitro; the amount of total-Hcy released by these two kinds of cells was then determined by HPLC-MS. The effects of homocysteine and methionine on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, osmotic fragility, and methemoglobin formation in erythrocytes under oxidative stress were studied. The reducing activities of homocysteine and methionine were tested by ferryl hemoglobin (Hb) decay assay. As a result, it was discovered that erythrocytes metabolized methionine to homocysteine, which was then oxidized within the cells and released to the plasma. Homocysteine and its precursor methionine could significantly decrease Rosup-induced ROS production in erythrocytes and inhibit Rosup-induced erythrocyte's osmotic fragility increase and methemoglobin formation. Homocysteine (but not methionine) was demonstrated to enhance ferryl Hb reduction. In conclusion, erythrocytes metabolize methionine to homocysteine, which contributes to the antioxidative capability under oxidative stress and might be a supplementary protective factor for erythrocytes against ROS damage.
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Tran SK, Ngo TH, Nguyen PH, Truong AB, Truong GK, Tran KDD, Vo PM, Nguyen PT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen PNT, Nguyen KT, Tran HD. Hyperhomocysteinemia in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Primary Hypertension in Can Tho City, Vietnam. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020234. [PMID: 36673602 PMCID: PMC9859246 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Elevated levels of blood total homocysteine is one of the cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients. Objectives: Determine the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia and its associated factors in newly diagnosed primary hypertension patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study on 105 patients with newly diagnosed primary hypertension at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from May 2017 to May 2018. Total homocysteine levels and related factors were collected at the study time. Results: The mean plasma total homocysteine level was 16.24 ± 4.49 µmol/L. There were 78 patients with elevated plasma total homocysteine levels ≥15 µmol/L, accounting for 74.3% of all patients. Being elderly, gender, hypertension stage, and diabetes were factors associated with hyperhomocysteinemia (p < 0.05). Total homocysteine levels were positively correlated with SBP, DBP, and age with r(SBP) = 0.696, r(DBP) = 0.585, and r(age) = 0.286. Conclusion: Research on the subpopulation of Vietnamese people shows that hyperhomocysteinemia is common in patients with newly diagnosed primary hypertension, and high blood total homocysteine levels are often related to age, sex, hypertension stage, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Kim Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Toan Hoang Ngo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Phi Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - An Bao Truong
- Department of Cardiology, An Giang Cardiovascular Hospital, Long Xuyen 880000, Vietnam
| | - Giang Khanh Truong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Khoa Dang Dang Tran
- Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Minh Vo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Phi The Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Thuan Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Phu Ngoc Thien Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Kien Trung Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Hung Do Tran
- Faculty of Nursing and Medical Technology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
- Correspondence:
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Mohan A, Kumar R, Kumar V, Yadav M. Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folate Level: Possible Risk Factors in the Progression of Chronic Heart and Kidney Disorders. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e090223213539. [PMID: 36757031 PMCID: PMC10494275 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230209111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobalamin is an essential molecule for humans; it is exceptionally important for various body functions, including deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and cellular energy production. Vegans are more vulnerable to vitamin B12 deficiency than natives with moderate consumption of animal dietary supplements or people with inadequate nutritional patterns. However, the long-term effects of sub-medical deficiency have not been thoroughly studied, but they may have a negative impact on the cardiovascular system, pregnancy outcomes, and vascular, renal, cognitive, bone, and eye health. Alongside the statin remedy, that is a powerful approach for CVD prevention. Another approach is related to the B nutrition substitution remedy with folic acid, and vitamins B6 and B12 are extensively practised nowadays. There is a tremendous interest in plasma homocysteine (tHcy) as a cardiovascular hazard factor. However, current research in the field of its prevention is more inclined toward confirming the benefit of tHcy-reducing remedy with vitamin B12. Thus, while folic acid fortification is primarily aimed at reducing neural-tube defects, it may also play a significant role in the primary prevention of CVD by lowering tHcy. Folate and B-vitamins play important roles in CVD prevention and nutrition policy implementation. Patients affected with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) or end-stage Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) experience a tremendous cardiovascular threat that may also further lead to death. As a result, routine monitoring of vitamin B12 levels is likely to be beneficial for the early detection and treatment of metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency, as well as the prevention of heart-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mohan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mahendra Yadav
- Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Sasaram, Rohtas, Bihar 821305, India
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Mo T, Wang Y, Gao H, Li W, Zhou L, Yuan Y, Zhang X, He M, Guo H, Long P, Wu T. Sleep Duration, Midday Napping, and Serum Homocysteine Levels: A Gene-Environment Interaction Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010210. [PMID: 36615867 PMCID: PMC9823917 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The associations of sleep duration and midday napping with homocysteine (Hcy) levels, and whether these sleep behaviors modify the association between genetic predisposition and Hcy levels, has yet to be investigated. We included 19,426 participants without severe health conditions at baseline from the Dongfeng−Tongji cohort. In a subgroup of 15,126 participants with genetic data, a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 18 Hcy-related loci was constructed to test the gene−sleep interactions in Hcy. Hcy levels were higher in subjects with a long sleep duration (≥9 h) and midday napping (>90 min), as compared to those who reported a moderate sleep duration (7 to <8 h) and midday napping (1−30 min) (all p values < 0.05). A long sleep duration and midday napping showed a joint effect in increasing Hcy (p for trend < 0.001). Significant interactions regarding Hcy levels were observed for a long sleep duration with GRS and MTHFR rs1801133, and long midday napping with DPEP1 rs12921383 (all p values for interaction < 0.05). Overall findings indicated that a long sleep duration and midday napping were associated with elevated serum Hcy levels, independently and jointly, and amplified the genetic susceptibility to higher Hcy.
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Filip N, Cojocaru E, Badulescu OV, Clim A, Pinzariu AC, Bordeianu G, Jehac AE, Iancu CE, Filip C, Maranduca MA, Sova IA, Serban IL. SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What Is Currently Known about Homocysteine Involvement? Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:10. [PMID: 36611302 PMCID: PMC9818222 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly throughout the world causing health, social and economic instability. The severity and prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with the presence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic lung disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and malignancy. Thrombosis is one of the most serious complications that can occur in patients with COVID-19. Homocysteine is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid considered a potential marker of thrombotic diseases. Our review aims to provide an updated analysis of the data on the involvement of homocysteine in COVID-19 to highlight the correlation of this amino acid with disease severity and the possible mechanisms by which it intervenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Filip
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (I), Discipline of Morphopathology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Viola Badulescu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Clim
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Constantin Pinzariu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Bordeianu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Elena Jehac
- Department of Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Elena Iancu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristiana Filip
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ivona Andreea Sova
- IOSUD Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Lacramioara Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Li P, Ma S, Ma X, Ding D, Zhu X, Zhang H, Liu J, Mu J, Zhang M. Reversal of neurovascular decoupling and cognitive impairment in patients with end-stage renal disease during a hemodialysis session: Evidence from a comprehensive fMRI analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:989-1001. [PMID: 36269166 PMCID: PMC9875915 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular (NV) decoupling is a potential neuropathologic mechanism of cognitive impairment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hemodialysis improves cognitive impairment at 24 h post-dialysis, which suggests a potential neuroprotective effect of hemodialysis treatment on the brain. We investigated the effects of hemodialysis treatment on the reversal of NV decoupling associated with cognitive improvement. A total of 39 patients with ESRD and 39 healthy controls were enrolled. All patients were imaged twice during a dialysis session: before hemodialysis (T1pre-dialysis ) and at 24 h after dialysis (T2post-dialysis ). The healthy controls were imaged once. NV coupling was characterized based on correlation coefficients between four types of blood oxygen level-dependent signals and cerebral blood flow (CBF). A battery of neuropsychological and blood tests was performed before the imaging. Patients with ESRD showed improvements in memory and executive function at T2post-dialysis compared with that at T1pre-dialysis . At both T1pre-dialysis and T2post-dialysis , patients with ESRD had lower amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF)-CBF coupling than healthy controls. Additionally, patients with ESRD had higher ALFF-CBF coupling at T2post-dialysis than at T1pre-dialysis . Higher memory scores, higher hemoglobin level, lower total plasma homocysteine level, lower systolic blood pressure variance, and lower ultrafiltration volume were associated with higher ALFF-CBF coupling in patients with ESRD after a hemodialysis session. These findings indicate that partial correction of anemia and hyperhomocysteinemia, stable systolic blood pressure, and fluid restriction may be closely linked to the reversal of NV decoupling and improvement in cognition in patients with ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Medical ImagingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina,Department of Medical ImagingNuclear Industry 215 Hospital of Shaanxi ProvinceXianyangShaanxiChina
| | - Shaohui Ma
- Department of Medical ImagingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xueying Ma
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Dun Ding
- Department of Medical ImagingSecond Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Department of Medical ImagingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Huawen Zhang
- Department of Medical ImagingNuclear Industry 215 Hospital of Shaanxi ProvinceXianyangShaanxiChina
| | - Jixin Liu
- Center for Brain ImagingSchool of Life Science and Technology, Xidian UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Junya Mu
- Department of Medical ImagingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical ImagingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Epigenetic Regulation by microRNAs in Hyperhomocysteinemia-Accelerated Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012452. [PMID: 36293305 PMCID: PMC9604464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is specifically linked to various diseases of the vasculature such as atherosclerosis. However, the precise mechanisms by which Hcy contributes to this condition remain elusive. During the development of atherosclerosis, epigenetic modifications influence gene expression. As such, epigenetic modifications are an adaptive response to endogenous and exogenous factors that lead to altered gene expression by methylation and acetylation reactions of different substrates and the action of noncoding RNA including microRNAs (miRNAs). Epigenetic remodeling modulates cell biology in both physiological and physiopathological conditions. DNA and histone modification have been identified to have a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the potential role of miRNAs in hyperHcy (HHcy)-related atherosclerosis disease remains poorly explored and might be essential as well. There is no review available yet summarizing the contribution of miRNAs to hyperhomocystein-mediated atherogenicity or their potential as therapeutic targets even though their important role has been described in numerous studies. Specifically, downregulation of miR-143 or miR-125b has been shown to regulate VSCMs proliferation in vitro. In preclinical studies, downregulation of miR-92 or miR195-3p has been shown to increase the accumulation of cholesterol in foam cells and increase macrophage inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation, respectively. Another preclinical study found that there is a reciprocal regulation between miR-148a/152 and DNMT1 in Hcy-accelerated atherosclerosis. Interestingly, a couple of studies have shown that miR-143 or miR-217 may be used as potential biomarkers in patients with HHcy that may develop atherosclerosis. Moreover, the current review will also update current knowledge on miRNA-based therapies, their challenges, and approaches to deal with Hcy-induced atherosclerosis.
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Crosstalk between the Gut and Brain in Ischemic Stroke: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Options. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6508046. [PMID: 36267243 PMCID: PMC9578915 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6508046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a significant amount of interest in the past two decades in the study of the evolution of the gut microbiota, its internal and external impacts on the gut, and risk factors for cerebrovascular disorders such as cerebral ischemic stroke. The network of bidirectional communication between gut microorganisms and their host is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). There is mounting evidence that maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis can frequently enhance the effectiveness of ischemic stroke treatment by modulating immune, metabolic, and inflammatory responses through MGBA. To effectively monitor and cure ischemic stroke, restoring a healthy microbial ecology in the gut may be a critical therapeutic focus. This review highlights mechanistic insights on the MGBA in disease pathophysiology. This review summarizes the role of MGBA signaling in the development of stroke risk factors such as aging, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, as well as changes in the microbiota in experimental or clinical populations. In addition, this review also examines dietary changes, the administration of probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as treatment options for ischemic stroke as potential health benefits. It will become more apparent how the MGBA affects human health and disease with continuing advancements in this emerging field of biomedical sciences.
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Yuan F, Zheng K. Homocysteine and the Mortality of Critically Ill Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:593-603. [PMID: 36070745 DOI: 10.1055/a-1897-5992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is high in critically ill patients. However, the association between serum homocysteine level and outcomes of the critically ill patients remains unknown. We performed a meta-analysis of cohort studies to comprehensively evaluate the above association. Relevant cohort studies were identified by search of electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI from the inception of the databases to February 5, 2022. A randomized-effect model incorporating the possible between-study heterogeneity was used to pool the results. Overall, 16 cohorts with 1663 critically ill patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were involved in the meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that compared to non-survivors of the critical illnesses, survivors had significantly lower serum level of Hcy at ICU admission [mean difference (MD): -3.42 μmol/l, 95% confidence interval (CI): -5.89 to 0.94, p=0.007; I2=86%]. Subgroup analysis showed that the difference of Hcy between survivors and non-survivors was significant in Asian patients (MD: -8.17 μmol/l, p<0.001), but not in non-Asians (MD: 0.30 μmol/l, p=0.62; p for subgroup difference<0.001). Moreover, meta-analysis with seven cohorts, all including Chinese patients, showed that HHcy at ICU admission was independently associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in critically ill patients (odds ratio: 2.99, 95% CI: 2.26 to 3.97, p<0.001; I2=69%). A higher serum level of Hcy at ICU admission may be associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in critically ill patients, particularly in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawei Yuan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi, Hubei, China
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Reiss AB, Teboul I, Kasselman L, Ahmed S, Carsons SE, De Leon J. Methotrexate effects on adenosine receptor expression in peripheral monocytes of persons with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. J Investig Med 2022; 70:1433-1437. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2022-002355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial (CIRT) was designed to assess whether low-dose methotrexate (LD-MTX) would reduce future cardiac events in patients with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who are post-myocardial infarction (MI) or have multivessel disease. Our previous work indicates that MTX confers atheroprotection via adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) activation. In order for A2AR ligation to reduce cardiovascular events, A2AR levels would need to be preserved during MTX treatment. This study was conducted to determine whether LD-MTX alters peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) adenosine receptor expression in persons at risk for cardiovascular events. Post-MI T2DM CIRT patients were randomized to LD-MTX or placebo (n=10/group). PBMC isolated from blood drawn at enrollment and after 6 weeks were evaluated for expression of adenosine receptors and reverse cholesterol transporters by real-time PCR. Fold change between time points was calculated using factorial analyses of variance. Compared with placebo, the LD-MTX group exhibited a trend toward an increase in A2AR (p=0.06), while A3R expression was significantly decreased (p=0.01) after 6 weeks. Cholesterol efflux gene expression did not change significantly. Persistence of A2AR combined with A3R downregulation indicates that failure of MTX to be atheroprotective in CIRT was not due to loss of adenosine receptors on PBMC (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01594333).
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Impact of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota on Cardiovascular Health and Pathophysiology. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:13-30. [PMID: 35384898 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an extremely diverse community of microorganisms, and their collective genomes (microbiome) provide a vast arsenal of biological activities, in particular enzymatic ones, which are far from being fully elucidated. The study of the microbiota (and the microbiome) is receiving great interest from the biomedical community as it carries the potential to improve risk-prediction models, refine primary and secondary prevention efforts, and also design more appropriate and personalized therapies, including pharmacological ones. A growing body of evidence, though sometimes impaired by the limited number of subjects involved in the studies, suggests that GIT dysbiosis, i.e. the altered microbial composition, has an important role in causing and/or worsening cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bacterial translocation as well as the alteration of levels of microbe-derived metabolites can thus be important to monitor and modulate, because they may lead to initiation and progression of CVD, as well as to its establishment as chronic state. We hereby aim to provide readers with details on available resources and experimental approaches that are used in this fascinating field of biomedical research, and on some novelties on the impact of GIT microbiota on CVD.
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Bajic Z, Sobot T, Skrbic R, Stojiljkovic MP, Ponorac N, Matavulj A, Djuric DM. Homocysteine, Vitamins B6 and Folic Acid in Experimental Models of Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure—How Strong Is That Link? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040536. [PMID: 35454125 PMCID: PMC9027107 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and the main cause of disability. In the last decade, homocysteine has been found to be a risk factor or a marker for cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). There are indications that vitamin B6 plays a significant role in the process of transsulfuration in homocysteine metabolism, specifically, in a part of the reaction in which homocysteine transfers a sulfhydryl group to serine to form α-ketobutyrate and cysteine. Therefore, an elevated homocysteine concentration (hyperhomocysteinemia) could be a consequence of vitamin B6 and/or folate deficiency. Hyperhomocysteinemia in turn could damage the endothelium and the blood vessel wall and induce worsening of atherosclerotic process, having a negative impact on the mechanisms underlying MI and HF, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered function of gasotransmitters. Given the importance of the vitamin B6 in homocysteine metabolism, in this paper, we review its role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, influencing the functions of gasotransmitters, and improving vasodilatation and coronary flow in animal models of MI and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorislava Bajic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (Z.B.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Tanja Sobot
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (Z.B.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Ranko Skrbic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (R.S.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Milos P. Stojiljkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (R.S.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Nenad Ponorac
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (Z.B.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Amela Matavulj
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (Z.B.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Dragan M. Djuric
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Beck KF, Pfeilschifter J. The Pathophysiology of H2S in Renal Glomerular Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020207. [PMID: 35204708 PMCID: PMC8961591 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal glomerular diseases such as glomerulosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy often result in the loss of glomerular function and consequently end-stage renal disease. The glomerulus consists of endothelial cells, mesangial cells and glomerular epithelial cells also referred to as podocytes. A fine-tuned crosstalk between glomerular cells warrants control of growth factor synthesis and of matrix production and degradation, preserving glomerular structure and function. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) belongs together with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) to the group of gasotransmitters. During the last three decades, these higher concentration toxic gases have been found to be produced in mammalian cells in a well-coordinated manner. Recently, it became evident that H2S and the other gasotransmitters share common targets as signalling devices that trigger mainly protective pathways. In several animal models, H2S has been demonstrated as a protective factor in the context of kidney disorders, in particular of diabetic nephropathy. Here, we focus on the synthesis and action of H2S in glomerular cells, its beneficial effects in the glomerulus and its action in the context of the other gaseous signalling molecules NO and CO.
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Kumrungsee T, Peipei Zhang, Yanaka N, Suda T, Kato N. Emerging cardioprotective mechanisms of vitamin B6: a narrative review. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:605-613. [PMID: 34436643 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although overt vitamin B6 deficiency is rare, marginal vitamin B6 deficiency is frequent and occurs in a consistent proportion of the population. The marginal vitamin B6 deficiency appears to relate to an increased risk of inflammation-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Of all the cardiovascular diseases, heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome associated with a high mortality rate. So far, information regarding the cardioprotective mechanisms of vitamin B6 has been limited. Meanwhile, recent studies have revealed that vitamin B6 treatment increases cardiac levels of imidazole dipeptides (e.g., carnosine, anserine, and homocarnosine), histamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and suppresses P2X7 receptor-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome. These modulations may imply potential cardioprotective mechanisms of vitamin B6. These modulations may also be involved in the underlying mechanisms through which vitamin B6 suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation. This review provides an up-to-date evaluation of our current understanding of the cardioprotective mechanisms of vitamin B6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine & School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takashi Suda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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Wu H, Chiou J. Potential Benefits of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke. Nutrients 2021; 13:2878. [PMID: 34445037 PMCID: PMC8401746 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, coronary heart disease and stroke are the most well-known and extensively studied. The onset and progression of CVD is associated with multiple risk factors, among which, gut microbiota has received much attention in the past two decades. Gut microbiota, the microbial community colonizing in the gut, plays a prominent role in human health. In particular, gut dysbiosis is directly related to many acute or chronic dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in the host. Earlier studies have demonstrated that the pathogenesis of CVD is strongly linked to intestinal microbiota imbalance and inflammatory responses. Probiotics and prebiotics conferring various health benefits on the host are emerging as promising therapeutic interventions for many diseases. These two types of food supplements have the potential to alleviate the risks of CVD through improving the levels of several cardiovascular markers, such as total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and certain cytokines involved in the inflammatory response. In this review, we focus mainly on the preventive effects of probiotics and prebiotics on CVD via rebalancing the structural and functional changes in gut microbiota and maintaining immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicui Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiachi Chiou
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Chen X, Zhang W, Huang J. Homocysteine is potential serological marker for predicting the risk of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities in patients received operation of lower limb fracture. Pteridines 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2020-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The aim of the study is to investigate the correlations among serum homocysteine (Hcy), D-dimer, and the risk of developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities in patients who underwent operation for lower limb fracture.
Methods
Seventy-five cases who underwent operation for lower limb fracture were included and further divided into DVT group (n = 26) and control group (n = 49) based on post-DVT diagnostic criteria. The serum Hcy and D-dimer were examined 48 h after operation. The serum Hcy and D-dimer levels were compared between the two groups. The correlation between serum Hcy and D-dimer was investigated by the Pearson correlation test. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum Hcy and D-dimer as serological markers for DVT.
Results
The serum Hcy concentrations were 11.96 ± 3.98 μmol/L and 7.92 ± 3.27 μmol/L for DVT and control groups, respectively, with statistical difference (t = 4.72, P < 0.01). The serum D-dimer in the DVT group was significantly higher than that of the control group (8.99 ± 4.50 vs 1.70 ± 2.11) μg/mL with statistical difference (t = 9.56, P < 0.01). Line regression analysis indicated that serum Hcy was positively correlated with serum D-dimer concentration and can be demonstrated by the equation of Y = 0.6651*X + 1.036 for the DVT group. Using serum Hcy as the biomarker for predicting DVT, the prediction sensitivity and specificity were 76.92 and 71.44%, respectively, with the AUC of 0.7804 under the cut-point of 9.54 μmol/L. For serum D-dimer, the prediction sensitivity and specificity were 96.15 and 73.47%, respectively, with the area under the ROC (AUC) of 0.9455 under the cut-point of 1.66 μg/mL.
Conclusion
Serum Hcy was significantly elevated in DTV patients, and hence, it can be applied as a serological marker for DVT prediction in patients who underwent operation for lower limb fracture. However, the DVT prediction performance of serum Hcy was inferior to D-dimer especially for diagnostic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Sports Injury and Arthroscopy, Tianjin Hospital , Tianjin 300211 , China
| | - Weiran Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Public Security Hospital , Tianjin 300041 , China
| | - Jingmin Huang
- Department of Sports Injury and Arthroscopy, Tianjin Hospital , Tianjin 300211 , China
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Oniszczuk A, Oniszczuk T, Gancarz M, Szymańska J. Role of Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041172. [PMID: 33671813 PMCID: PMC7926819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in identifying and applying new, naturally occurring molecules that promote health. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host”. Quite a few fermented products serve as the source of probiotic strains, with many factors influencing the effectiveness of probiotics, including interactions of probiotic bacteria with the host’s microbiome. Prebiotics contain no microorganisms, only substances which stimulate their growth. Prebiotics can be obtained from various sources, including breast milk, soybeans, and raw oats, however, the most popular prebiotics are the oligosaccharides contained in plants. Recent research increasingly claims that probiotics and prebiotics alleviate many disorders related to the immune system, cancer metastasis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. However, little is known about the role of these supplements as important dietary components in preventing or treating cardiovascular disease. Still, some reports and clinical studies were conducted, offering new ways of treatment. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the roles of gut microbiota, probiotics, and prebiotics interventions in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (T.O.)
| | - Tomasz Oniszczuk
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (T.O.)
| | - Marek Gancarz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Szymańska
- Department of Integrated Paediatric Dentistry, Chair of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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