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Nguyen HM, V Le KT, Nguyen NL, Tran-Van H, Ho GT, Nguyen TT, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH. Surface-Displayed Mannanolytic and Chitinolytic Enzymes Using Peptidoglycan Binding LysM Domains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12655-12664. [PMID: 38775266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a food-grade carrier to create non-GMO whole-cell biocatalysts is gaining popularity. This work evaluates the immobilization yield of a chitosanase (CsnA, 30 kDa) from Bacillus subtilis and a mannanase (ManB, 40 kDa) from B. licheniformis on the surface of L. plantarum WCFS1 using either a single LysM domain derived from the extracellular transglycosylase Lp_3014 or a double LysM domain derived from the muropeptidase Lp_2162. ManB and CsnA were fused with the LysM domains of Lp_3014 or Lp_2162, produced in Escherichia coli and anchored to the cell surface of L. plantarum. The localization of the recombinant proteins on the bacterial cell surface was successfully confirmed by Western blot and flow cytometry analysis. The highest immobilization yields (44-48%) and activities of mannanase and chitosanase on the displaying cell surface (812 and 508 U/g of dry cell weight, respectively) were obtained when using the double LysM domain of Lp_2162 as an anchor. The presence of manno-oligosaccharides or chito-oligosaccharides in the reaction mixtures containing appropriate substrates and ManB or CsnA-displaying cells was determined by high-performance anion exchange chromatography. This study indicated that non-GMO Lactiplantibacillus chitosanase- and mannanase-displaying cells could be used to produce potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, The University of Da Nang─University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Khanh-Trang V Le
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Science, The University of Da Nang - University of Science and Education, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Luong Nguyen
- Hue University, College of Sciences, 77 Nguyen Hue, Hue 70000, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Tran-Van
- Laboratory of Biosensors, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Giap T Ho
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tien-Thanh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No.1 Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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Zhang W, Chen X, Eleftherianos I, Mohamed A, Bastin A, Keyhani NO. Cross-talk between immunity and behavior: insights from entomopathogenic fungi and their insect hosts. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae003. [PMID: 38341280 PMCID: PMC10883697 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects are one of the most successful animals in nature, and entomopathogenic fungi play a significant role in the natural epizootic control of insect populations in many ecosystems. The interaction between insects and entomopathogenic fungi has continuously coevolved over hundreds of millions of years. Many components of the insect innate immune responses against fungal infection are conserved across phyla. Additionally, behavioral responses, which include avoidance, grooming, and/or modulation of body temperature, have been recognized as important mechanisms for opposing fungal pathogens. In an effort to investigate possible cross-talk and mediating mechanisms between these fundamental biological processes, recent studies have integrated and/or explored immune and behavioral responses. Current information indicates that during discrete stages of fungal infection, several insect behavioral and immune responses are altered simultaneously, suggesting important connections between the two systems. This review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of the physiological and molecular aspects influencing cross-talk between behavioral and innate immune antifungal reactions, including chemical perception and olfactory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Huaxi District 550025, China
| | - Xuanyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Huaxi District 550025, China
| | - Ioannis Eleftherianos
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Amr Mohamed
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Research fellow, King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashley Bastin
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Nemat O Keyhani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
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Dallachiesa D, Aguilar OM, Lozano MJ. Improved detection and phylogenetic analysis of plant proteins containing LysM domains. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:NULL. [PMID: 38007819 DOI: 10.1071/fp23131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-containing oligosaccharides that play a role in the interaction with bacteria and fungi, through cell-surface receptors containing a tight bundle of three LysM domains in their extracellular region. However, the identification of LysM domains of receptor-like kinases (RLK)/receptor-like proteins (RLP) using sequence based methods has led to some ambiguity, as some proteins have been annotated with only one or two LysM domains. This missing annotation was likely produced by the failure of the LysM hidden Markov model (HMM) from the Pfam database to correctly identify some LysM domains in proteins of plant origin. In this work, we provide improved HMMs for LysM domain detection in plants, that were built from the structural alignment of manually curated LysM domain structures from the Protein Data Bank and AlphaFold Protein Structure Database. Furthermore, we evaluated different sets of ligand-specific HMMs that were able to correctly classify a limited set of fully characterised RLK/Ps by their ligand specificity. In contrast, the phylogenetic analysis of the extracellular region of RLK/Ps, or of their individual LysM domains, was unable to discriminate these proteins by their ligand specificity. The HMMs reported here will allow a more sensitive detection of plant proteins containing LysM domains and help improve their characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Dallachiesa
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM) - CONICET-CCT La Plata - Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - O Mario Aguilar
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM) - CONICET-CCT La Plata - Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mauricio J Lozano
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM) - CONICET-CCT La Plata - Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Kethom W, Taylor PWJ, Mongkolporn O. Expression of Genes Involved in Anthracnose Resistance in Chili ( Capsicum baccatum) 'PBC80'-Derived Recombinant Inbred Lines. Pathogens 2023; 12:1306. [PMID: 38003772 PMCID: PMC10675817 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chili anthracnose has long been a threat to chili production worldwide. Capsicum baccatum 'PBC80' has been identified as a source of resistance to anthracnose. Recently, a QTL for ripe fruit resistance from 'PBC80'-derived RILs was located on chromosome 4 (123 Mb) and contained over 80 defense-related genes. To identify the genes most related to anthracnose resistance, a fine map of the QTL region was developed using single-marker analysis. Nine genes were selected from the new QTL (1.12 Mb) to study their expression after being challenged with Colletotrichum scovillei 'MJ5' in two different RIL genotypes (Resistance/Resistance or R/R and Susceptible/Susceptible or S/S) at 0, 6 and 12 h. Of the nine genes, LYM2, CQW23_09597, CLF, NFXL1, and PR-14 were significantly up-regulated, compared to the control, in the R/R genotype. ERF was up-regulated in both chili genotypes. However, the expression was relatively and constantly low in the S/S genotype. Most up-regulated genes reached the highest peak (2.3-4.5 fold) at 6 h, except for ERF, which had the highest peak at 12 h (6.4 fold). The earliest and highest expressed gene was a pathogen receptor, LYM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassana Kethom
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
| | - Paul W. J. Taylor
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Orarat Mongkolporn
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
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Zhou D, Chen X, Chen X, Xia Y, Liu J, Zhou G. Plant immune receptors interact with hemibiotrophic pathogens to activate plant immunity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1252039. [PMID: 37876778 PMCID: PMC10591190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1252039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens pose a devastating threat to the productivity and yield of crops by causing destructive plant diseases in natural and agricultural environments. Hemibiotrophic pathogens have a variable-length biotrophic phase before turning to necrosis and are among the most invasive plant pathogens. Plant resistance to hemibiotrophic pathogens relies mainly on the activation of innate immune responses. These responses are typically initiated after the plant plasma membrane and various plant immune receptors detect immunogenic signals associated with pathogen infection. Hemibiotrophic pathogens evade pathogen-triggered immunity by masking themselves in an arms race while also enhancing or manipulating other receptors to promote virulence. However, our understanding of plant immune defenses against hemibiotrophic pathogens is highly limited due to the intricate infection mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the strategies that different hemibiotrophic pathogens interact with host immune receptors to activate plant immunity. We also discuss the significant role of the plasma membrane in plant immune responses, as well as the current obstacles and potential future research directions in this field. This will enable a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenicity of hemibiotrophic pathogens and how distinct plant immune receptors oppose them, delivering valuable data for the prevention and management of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xingzhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xinggang Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yandong Xia
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Junang Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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Yao K, Wang Y, Li X, Ji H. Genome-Wide Identification of the Soybean LysM-RLK Family Genes and Its Nitrogen Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13621. [PMID: 37686427 PMCID: PMC10487828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysin-Motif receptor-like kinase (LysM-RLK) proteins are widely distributed in plants and serve a critical role in defending against pathogens and establishing symbiotic relationships. However, there is a lack of comprehensive identification and analysis of LysM-RLK family members in the soybean genome. In this study, we discovered and named 27 LysM-RLK genes in soybean. The majority of LysM-RLKs were highly conserved in Arabidopsis and soybean, while certain members of subclades III, VI, and VII are unique to soybean. The promoters of these LysM-RLKs contain specific cis-elements associated with plant development and responses to environmental factors. Notably, all LysM-RLK gene promoters feature nodule specificity elements, while 51.86% of them also possess NBS sites (NIN/NLP binding site). The expression profiles revealed that genes from subclade V in soybean roots were regulated by both rhizobia and nitrogen treatment. The expression levels of subclade V genes were then validated by real-time quantitative PCR, and it was observed that the level of GmLYK4a and GmLYK4c in roots was inhibited by rhizobia but induced via varying concentrations of nitrate. Consequently, our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the soybean LysM-RLK gene family and emphasize the role of subclade V in coupling soybean symbiotic nitrogen fixation and nitrogen response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yongliang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongtao Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
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Kushwah AS, Dixit H, Upadhyay V, Yadav S, Verma SK, Prasad R. Elucidating the zinc-binding proteome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici with particular emphasis on zinc-binding effector proteins. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:298. [PMID: 37516670 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a soil-borne phytopathogenic species which causes vascular wilt disease in the Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Due to the continuous competition for zinc usage by Fusarium and its host during infection makes zinc-binding proteins a hotspot for focused investigation. Zinc-binding effector proteins are pivotal during the infection process, working in conjunction with other essential proteins crucial for its biological activities. This work aims at identifying and analysing zinc-binding proteins and zinc-binding proteins effector candidates of Fusarium. We have identified three hundred forty-six putative zinc-binding proteins; among these proteins, we got two hundred and thirty zinc-binding proteins effector candidates. The functional annotation, subcellular localization, and Gene Ontology analysis of these putative zinc-binding proteins revealed their probable role in wide range of cellular and biological processes such as metabolism, gene expression, gene expression regulation, protein biosynthesis, protein folding, cell signalling, DNA repair, and RNA processing. Sixteen proteins were found to be putatively secretory in nature. Eleven of these were putative zinc-binding protein effector candidates may be involved in pathogen-host interaction during infection. The information obtained here may enhance our understanding to design, screen, and apply the zinc-metal ion-based antifungal agents to protect the S. lycopersicum and control the vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Singh Kushwah
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Himisha Dixit
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Vipin Upadhyay
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Siddharth Yadav
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Shailender Kumar Verma
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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Weiland P, Dempwolff F, Steinchen W, Freibert S, Tian H, Glatter T, Martin R, Thomma BPHJ, Bange G, Altegoer F. Structural and functional analysis of the cerato-platanin-like protein Cpl1 suggests diverging functions in smut fungi. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:768-787. [PMID: 37171083 PMCID: PMC10257043 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant-pathogenic fungi are causative agents of the majority of plant diseases and can lead to severe crop loss in infected populations. Fungal colonization is achieved by combining different strategies, such as avoiding and counteracting the plant immune system and manipulating the host metabolome. Of major importance are virulence factors secreted by fungi, which fulfil diverse functions to support the infection process. Most of these proteins are highly specialized, with structural and biochemical information often absent. Here, we present the atomic structures of the cerato-platanin-like protein Cpl1 from Ustilago maydis and its homologue Uvi2 from Ustilago hordei. Both proteins adopt a double-Ψβ-barrel architecture reminiscent of cerato-platanin proteins, a class so far not described in smut fungi. Our structure-function analysis shows that Cpl1 binds to soluble chitin fragments via two extended grooves at the dimer interface of the two monomer molecules. This carbohydrate-binding mode has not been observed previously and expands the repertoire of chitin-binding proteins. Cpl1 localizes to the cell wall of U. maydis and might synergize with cell wall-degrading and decorating proteins during maize infection. The architecture of Cpl1 harbouring four surface-exposed loop regions supports the idea that it might play a role in the spatial coordination of these proteins. While deletion of cpl1 has only mild effects on the virulence of U. maydis, a recent study showed that deletion of uvi2 strongly impairs U. hordei virulence. Our structural comparison between Cpl1 and Uvi2 reveals sequence variations in the loop regions that might explain a diverging function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Weiland
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Faculty of ChemistryPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Felix Dempwolff
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Faculty of ChemistryPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Wieland Steinchen
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Faculty of ChemistryPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Sven‐Andreas Freibert
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Institute of CytobiologyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
- Protein Biochemistry and Spectroscopy Core Facility, Institute of CytobiologyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Hui Tian
- Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Timo Glatter
- Max‐Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburgGermany
| | - Roman Martin
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer SciencePhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Bart P. H. J. Thomma
- Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)CologneGermany
| | - Gert Bange
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Faculty of ChemistryPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
- Max‐Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburgGermany
| | - Florian Altegoer
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Faculty of ChemistryPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
- Max‐Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburgGermany
- Institute of MicrobiologyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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Zhao X, Sun C, Jin M, Chen J, Xing L, Yan J, Wang H, Liu Z, Chen WH. Enrichment Culture but Not Metagenomic Sequencing Identified a Highly Prevalent Phage Infecting Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in Human Feces. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0434022. [PMID: 36995238 PMCID: PMC10269749 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04340-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (previously known as Lactobacillus plantarum) is increasingly used as a probiotic to treat human diseases, but its phages in the human gut remain unexplored. Here, we report its first gut phage, Gut-P1, which we systematically screened using metagenomic sequencing, virus-like particle (VLP) sequencing, and enrichment culture from 35 fecal samples. Gut-P1 is virulent, belongs to the Douglaswolinvirus genus, and is highly prevalent in the gut (~11% prevalence); it has a genome of 79,928 bp consisting of 125 protein coding genes and displaying low sequence similarities to public L. plantarum phages. Physiochemical characterization shows that it has a short latent period and adapts to broad ranges of temperatures and pHs. Furthermore, Gut-P1 strongly inhibits the growth of L. plantarum strains at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1e-6. Together, these results indicate that Gut-P1 can greatly impede the application of L. plantarum in humans. Strikingly, Gut-P1 was identified only in the enrichment culture, not in our metagenomic or VLP sequencing data nor in any public human phage databases, indicating the inefficiency of bulk sequencing in recovering low-abundance but highly prevalent phages and pointing to the unexplored hidden diversity of the human gut virome despite recent large-scale sequencing and bioinformatics efforts. IMPORTANCE As Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (previously known as Lactobacillus plantarum) is increasingly used as a probiotic to treat human gut-related diseases, its bacteriophages may pose a certain threat to their further application and should be identified and characterized more often from the human intestine. Here, we isolated and identified the first gut L. plantarum phage that is prevalent in a Chinese population. This phage, Gut-P1, is virulent and can strongly inhibit the growth of multiple L. plantarum strains at low MOIs. Our results also show that bulk sequencing is inefficient at recovering low-abundance but highly prevalent phages such as Gut-P1, suggesting that the hidden diversity of human enteroviruses has not yet been explored. Our results call for innovative approaches to isolate and identify intestinal phages from the human gut and to rethink our current understanding of the enterovirus, particularly its underestimated diversity and overestimated individual specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Menglu Jin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Xing
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hailei Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institution of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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10
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Zhao L, Liao Z, Feng L, An B, He C, Wang Q, Luo H. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Cg2LysM contributed to virulence toward rubber tree through affecting invasive structure and inhibiting chitin-triggered plant immunity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1129101. [PMID: 36876102 PMCID: PMC9982014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal chitin, as a typical microorganism-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), was recognized by plant LysM-containing protein to induce immunity called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). To successfully infect host plant, fungal pathogens secreted LysM-containing effectors to inhibit chitin-induced plant immunity. Filamentous fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides caused rubber tree anthracnose which resulted in serious loss of natural rubber production worldwide. However, little is known about the pathogenesis mediated by LysM effector of C. gloeosporioide. In this study, we identified a two LysM-containing effector in C. gloeosporioide and named as Cg2LysM. Cg2LysM was involved not only in conidiation, appressorium formation, invasion growth and the virulence to rubber tree, but also in melanin synthesis of C. gloeosporioides. Moreover, Cg2LysM showed chitin-binding activity and suppression of chitin-triggered immunity of rubber tree such as ROS production and the expression of defense relative genes HbPR1, HbPR5, HbNPR1 and HbPAD4. This work suggested that Cg2LysM effector facilitate infection of C. gloeosporioides to rubber tree through affecting invasive structure and inhibiting chitin-triggered plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiwen Liao
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Liping Feng
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bang An
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Chaozu He
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Hongli Luo
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
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11
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Zhang H, Kim MS, Huang J, Yan H, Yang T, Song L, Yu W, Shim WB. Transcriptome analysis of maize pathogen Fusarium verticillioides revealed FvLcp1, a secreted protein with type-D fungal LysM and chitin-binding domains, that plays important roles in pathogenesis and mycotoxin production. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127195. [PMID: 36126492 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is a key maize pathogen and produces fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins detrimental to humans and animals. Unfortunately, our understanding on how this fungus interacts with maize to trigger mycotoxin biosynthesis is limited. We performed a systematic computational network-based analysis of large-scale F. verticillioides RNA-seq datasets to identify gene subnetwork modules associated with virulence and fumonisin regulation. F. verticillioides was inoculated on two different maize lines, moderately resistant line hybrid 33K44 and highly susceptible line maize inbred line B73, to generate time-course RNA-Seq data. Among the highly discriminative subnetwork modules, we identified a putative hub gene FvLCP1, which encodes a putative a type-D fungal LysM protein with a signal peptide, three LysM domains, and two chitin binding domains. FvLcp1 is a unique protein that harbors these domains amongst five representative Fusarium species. FvLcp1 is a secreted protein important for fumonisin production with the LysM domain playing a critical role. The chitin-binding domain was essential for in vitro chitin binding. Using Magnaporthe oryzae, we learned that FvLcp1 accumulates in appressoria, suggesting that FvLcp1 is involved in host recognition and infection. Full length FvLcp1 suppressed BAX-triggered plant cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. This unique type-D LysM secreted protein with a chitin-binding domain in F. verticillioides was shown to be potentially involved in suppressing host cell death and promoting fumonisin biosynthesis while the pathogen colonizes maize kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, USA.
| | - Man S Kim
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Huang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huijuan Yan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Linlin Song
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Won Bo Shim
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, USA.
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12
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Taniguchi H, Ishimime Y, Minamihata K, Santoso P, Komada T, Saputra H, Uchida K, Goto M, Taira T, Kamiya N. Liposomal Amphotericin B Formulation Displaying Lipid-Modified Chitin-Binding Domains with Enhanced Antifungal Activity. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3906-3914. [PMID: 36066555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections affect more than one billion people worldwide and cause more than one million deaths per year. Amphotericin B (AmB), a polyene antifungal drug, has been used as the gold standard for many years because of its broad antifungal spectrum, high activity, and low tendency of drug resistance. However, the side effects of AmB, such as nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, have hampered its widespread use, leading to the development of a liposome-type AmB formulation, AmBisome. Herein, we report a simple but highly effective strategy to enhance the antifungal activity of AmBisome with a lipid-modified protein. The chitin-binding domain (LysM) of the antifungal chitinase, Pteris ryukyuensis chitinase A (PrChiA), a small 5.3 kDa protein that binds to fungal cell wall chitin, was engineered to have a glutamine-containing peptide tag at the C-terminus for the microbial transglutaminase (MTG)-catalyzed crosslinking reaction (LysM-Q). LysM-Q was site-specifically modified with a lysine-containing lipid peptide substrate of MTG with a palmitoyl moiety (Pal-K). The resulting palmitoylated LysM (LysM-Pal) exhibited negligible cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and can be easily anchored to yield LysM-presenting AmBisome (LysM-AmBisome). LysM-AmBisome exhibited a dramatic enhancement of antifungal activity toward Trichoderma viride and Cryptococcus neoformans, demonstrating the marked impact of displaying a cell-wall binder protein on the targeting ability of antifungal liposomal formulations. Our simple strategy with enzymatic protein lipidation provides a potent approach to upgrade other types of lipid-based drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Taniguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yugo Ishimime
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Pugoh Santoso
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takuya Komada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hendra Saputra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toki Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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13
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Ren W, Zhang C, Wang M, Zhang C, Xu X, Huang Y, Chen Y, Lin Y, Lai Z. Genome-wide identification, evolution analysis of LysM gene family members and their expression analysis in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in banana (Musa L.). Gene X 2022; 845:146849. [PMID: 36044944 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
LysM (Lysin motif), in response to pathogenic molecular stresses, is a crucial signal recognition gene. To understand the molecular characteristics of banana LysM gene family members, we used a series of bioinformatics methods. Based on the genomic databases of Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa itinerans, a total of 53 genes and 55 proteins were identified, with 21 genes and 23 proteins in the M.acuminata, 16 genes and 16 proteins in each of M.balbisiana and M.itinerans, respectively. According to the conserved structural domains, LysM can be divided into five classes, namely LysM&MltD, LYK, LYP, LysMn, and LysMe. The LysM gene was relatively highly conserved in the evolution of the three genomes of banana, and some differences occurred. Expression analysis revealed that MaLysM4-5 was relatively highly expressed under high-temperature stress, low-temperature stress and pathogen infection; at the same time, about one-third of the members were down-regulated under low-temperature stress and high-temperature stress, while the expression of MaLysM10-1 and MaLysM4-5 were up-regulated. After the banana wilt fungus FocTR4 infected the banana roots, MaLysM1 was down-regulated and MaLysM11-1 was up-regulated. In conclusion, our study suggests that MaLysMs may be necessary in the response to high- and low-temperature stresses, as well as the banana wilt fungus infestation. Overall, this paper found that LysM genes may be involved in biotic and abiotic stresses in banana, and provided helpful information about LysM's evolution, expression and properties, which will provide theoretical references for further studies on the functions of LysM genes and resistance breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Ren
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuji Huang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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14
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Chang Y, Wang Y, Mondo S, Ahrendt S, Andreopoulos W, Barry K, Beard J, Benny GL, Blankenship S, Bonito G, Cuomo C, Desiro A, Gervers KA, Hundley H, Kuo A, LaButti K, Lang BF, Lipzen A, O’Donnell K, Pangilinan J, Reynolds N, Sandor L, Smith ME, Tsang A, Grigoriev IV, Stajich JE, Spatafora JW. Evolution of zygomycete secretomes and the origins of terrestrial fungal ecologies. iScience 2022; 25:104840. [PMID: 35996588 PMCID: PMC9391592 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi survive in diverse ecological niches by secreting proteins and other molecules into the environment to acquire food and interact with various biotic and abiotic stressors. Fungal secretome content is, therefore, believed to be tightly linked to fungal ecologies. We sampled 132 genomes from the early-diverging terrestrial fungal lineage zygomycetes (Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota) and characterized their secretome composition. Our analyses revealed that phylogeny played an important role in shaping the secretome composition of zygomycete fungi with trophic mode contributing a smaller amount. Reconstruction of the evolution of secreted digestive enzymes revealed lineage-specific expansions, indicating that Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota followed different trajectories early in their evolutionary history. We identified the presence of multiple pathogenicity-related proteins in the lineages known as saprotrophs, suggesting that either the ecologies of these fungi are incompletely known, and/or that these pathogenicity-related proteins have important functions associated with saprotrophic ecologies, both of which invite further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Stephen Mondo
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Steven Ahrendt
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - William Andreopoulos
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeff Beard
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Gerald L. Benny
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sabrina Blankenship
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Christina Cuomo
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Alessandro Desiro
- Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kyle A. Gervers
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Hope Hundley
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alan Kuo
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kurt LaButti
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - B. Franz Lang
- Robert Cedergren Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kerry O’Donnell
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Jasmyn Pangilinan
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nicole Reynolds
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Laura Sandor
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew E. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jason E. Stajich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joseph W. Spatafora
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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15
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Action Mechanisms of Effectors in Plant-Pathogen Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126758. [PMID: 35743201 PMCID: PMC9224169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops. Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion weapons to successfully invade and propagate in host plants. Here, we review recent advances made in the field of plant-pathogen interaction models and the action mechanisms of phytopathogenic effectors. The review illustrates how effectors from different species use similar and distinct strategies to infect host plants. We classify the main action mechanisms of effectors in plant-pathogen interactions according to the infestation process: targeting physical barriers for disruption, creating conditions conducive to infestation, protecting or masking themselves, interfering with host cell physiological activity, and manipulating plant downstream immune responses. The investigation of the functioning of plant pathogen effectors contributes to improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions. This understanding has important theoretical value and is of practical significance in plant pathology and disease resistance genetics and breeding.
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16
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de Oliveira Silva A, Aliyeva-Schnorr L, Wirsel SGR, Deising HB. Fungal Pathogenesis-Related Cell Wall Biogenesis, with Emphasis on the Maize Anthracnose Fungus Colletotrichum graminicola. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070849. [PMID: 35406829 PMCID: PMC9003368 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The genus Colletotrichum harbors many plant pathogenic species, several of which cause significant yield losses in the field and post harvest. Typically, in order to infect their host plants, spores germinate, differentiate a pressurized infection cell, and display a hemibiotrophic lifestyle after plant invasion. Several factors required for virulence or pathogenicity have been identified in different Colletotrichum species, and adaptation of cell wall biogenesis to distinct stages of pathogenesis has been identified as a major pre-requisite for the establishment of a compatible parasitic fungus-plant interaction. Here, we highlight aspects of fungal cell wall biogenesis during plant infection, with emphasis on the maize leaf anthracnose and stalk rot fungus, Colletotrichum graminicola.
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17
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18
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García YH, Zamora OR, Troncoso-Rojas R, Tiznado-Hernández ME, Báez-Flores ME, Carvajal-Millan E, Rascón-Chu A. Toward Understanding the Molecular Recognition of Fungal Chitin and Activation of the Plant Defense Mechanism in Horticultural Crops. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216513. [PMID: 34770922 PMCID: PMC8587247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Large volumes of fruit and vegetable production are lost during postharvest handling due to attacks by necrotrophic fungi. One of the promising alternatives proposed for the control of postharvest diseases is the induction of natural defense responses, which can be activated by recognizing molecules present in pathogens, such as chitin. Chitin is one of the most important components of the fungal cell wall and is recognized through plant membrane receptors. These receptors belong to the receptor-like kinase (RLK) family, which possesses a transmembrane domain and/or receptor-like protein (RLP) that requires binding to another RLK receptor to recognize chitin. In addition, these receptors have extracellular LysM motifs that participate in the perception of chitin oligosaccharides. These receptors have been widely studied in Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) and Oryza sativa (O. sativa); however, it is not clear how the molecular recognition and plant defense mechanisms of chitin oligosaccharides occur in other plant species or fruits. This review includes recent findings on the molecular recognition of chitin oligosaccharides and how they activate defense mechanisms in plants. In addition, we highlight some of the current advances in chitin perception in horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaima Henry García
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Mexico; (Y.H.G.); (O.R.Z.); (M.E.T.-H.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Orlando Reyes Zamora
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Mexico; (Y.H.G.); (O.R.Z.); (M.E.T.-H.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Rosalba Troncoso-Rojas
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Mexico; (Y.H.G.); (O.R.Z.); (M.E.T.-H.); (A.R.-C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martín Ernesto Tiznado-Hernández
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Mexico; (Y.H.G.); (O.R.Z.); (M.E.T.-H.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - María Elena Báez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Calle de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, Culiacán C.P. 80013, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Mexico;
| | - Agustín Rascón-Chu
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Mexico; (Y.H.G.); (O.R.Z.); (M.E.T.-H.); (A.R.-C.)
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19
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Du M, Xie X, Yang S, Li Y, Jiang T, Yang J, Li L, Huang Y, Wu Q, Chen W, Zhang J. Lysozyme-like Protein Produced by Bifidobacterium longum Regulates Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216480. [PMID: 34770899 PMCID: PMC8587964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular secreted protein of Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the human intestinal microenvironment. However, the mechanism(s) of interaction remain unclear. Lysozyme is a kind of antibacterial peptide. In this study, the amino acid sequence of a lysozyme-like protein of B. longum based on whole-genome data of an isolate from human gut feces was found. We further predicted functional domains from the amino acid sequence, purified the protein, and verified its bioactivity. The growth of some bacteria were significantly delayed by the 020402_LYZ M1 protein. In addition, the gut microbiota was analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and an in vitro fermentation model, and the fluctuations in the gut microbiota under the treatment of 020402_LYZ M1 protein were characterized. The 020402_LYZ M1 protein affected the composition of human gut microbiota significantly, implying that the protein is able to communicate with intestinal microbes as a regulatory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (S.Y.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xinqiang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shuanghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (S.Y.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Tong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Juan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Longyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yunxiao Huang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (S.Y.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (J.Z.)
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