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Rezq S, Huffman AM, Basnet J, Alsemeh AE, do Carmo JM, Yanes Cardozo LL, Romero DG. MicroRNA-21 modulates brown adipose tissue adipogenesis and thermogenesis in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:53. [PMID: 38987854 PMCID: PMC11238487 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in premenopausal women, is associated with increased obesity, hyperandrogenism, and altered brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. MicroRNAs play critical functions in brown adipocyte differentiation and maintenance. We aim to study the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in altered energy homeostasis and BAT thermogenesis in a PCOS mouse model of peripubertal androgen exposure. METHODS Three-week-old miR-21 knockout (miR21KO) or wild-type (WT) female mice were treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or vehicle for 90 days. Body composition was determined by EchoMRI. Energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured by indirect calorimetry. Androgen receptor (AR), and markers of adipogenesis, de novo lipogenesis, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and thermogenesis were quantified by RT-qPCR and/or Western-blot. RESULTS MiR-21 ablation attenuated DHT-mediated increase in body weight while having no effect on fat or BAT mass. MiR-21 ablation attenuated DHT-mediated BAT AR upregulation. MiR-21 ablation did not alter EE; however, miR21KO DHT-treated mice have reduced VO2, VCO2, and RER. MiR-21 ablation reversed DHT-mediated decrease in food intake and increase in sleep time. MiR-21 ablation decreased some adipogenesis (Adipoq, Pparγ, and Cebpβ) and extracellular matrix remodeling (Mmp-9 and Timp-1) markers expression in DHT-treated mice. MiR-21 ablation abolished DHT-mediated increases in thermogenesis markers Cpt1a and Cpt1b, while decreasing CIDE-A expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that BAT miR-21 may play a role in regulating DHT-mediated thermogenic dysfunction in PCOS. Modulation of BAT miR-21 levels could be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of PCOS-associated metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Alexandra M Huffman
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jelina Basnet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Licy L Yanes Cardozo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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Huffman AM, Rezq S, Basnet J, Romero DG. Biomarkers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 36:100717. [PMID: 37842179 PMCID: PMC10569288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women. PCOS is diagnosed by the presence of two of the following three characteristics: hyperandrogenemia and/or hyperandrogenism, oligo/amenorrhea, and polycystic ovarian morphology. PCOS is associated with reproductive and non-reproductive complications, including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, dyslipidemia, and increased blood pressure. There is an urgent need for biomarkers that address both the reproductive and non-reproductive aspects of this complex syndrome. This review focuses on biomarkers, or potential ones, associated with the reproductive and non-reproductive aspects of PCOS, including anthropometric and clinical biomarkers, insulin and the IGF-1 system, lipids, anti-Müllerian hormone and gonadotropins, steroids, inflammatory and renal injury biomarkers, oxidative stress, and non-coding RNAs. We expect that this review will bring some light on the recent updates in the field and encourage researchers to join the exciting and promising field of PCOS biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Huffman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Women’s Health Research Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Women’s Health Research Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jelina Basnet
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Women’s Health Research Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Damian G. Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Women’s Health Research Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Wang J, Yin T, Liu S. Dysregulation of immune response in PCOS organ system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169232. [PMID: 37215125 PMCID: PMC10196194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder affecting women, which can lead to infertility. Infertility, obesity, hirsutism, acne, and irregular menstruation are just a few of the issues that PCOS can be linked to. PCOS has a complicated pathophysiology and a range of clinical symptoms. Chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the features of PCOS. The inflammatory environment involves immune and metabolic disturbances. Numerous organ systems across the body, in addition to the female reproductive system, have been affected by the pathogenic role of immunological dysregulation in PCOS in recent years. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism are associated with immune cell dysfunction and cytokine imbalance. More importantly, obesity is also involved in immune dysfunction in PCOS, leading to an inflammatory environment in women with PCOS. Hormone, obesity, and metabolic interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS. Hormone imbalance may also contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the pathophysiological role of immune dysregulation in various organ systems of PCOS patients and provide new ideas for systemic treatment of PCOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Su Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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de Medeiros SF, Yamamoto MMW, de Medeiros MAS, Yamamoto AKLW, Barbosa BB. Polycystic ovary syndrome and risks for COVID-19 infection: A comprehensive review : PCOS and COVID-19 relationship. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:251-264. [PMID: 35218458 PMCID: PMC8881900 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review aimed to evaluate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection (the cause of coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19) and the metabolic and endocrine characteristics frequently found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the general population, COVID-19 is more severe in subjects with dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension. Because these conditions are comorbidities commonly associated with PCOS, it was hypothesized that women with PCOS would be at higher risk for acquiring COVID-19 and developing more severe clinical presentations. This hypothesis was confirmed in several epidemiological studies. The present review shows that women with PCOS are at 28%-50% higher risk of being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus at all ages and that, in these women, COVID-19 is associated with increased rates of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. We summarize the mechanisms of the higher risk of COVID-19 infection in women with PCOS, particularly in those with carbohydrate and lipid abnormal metabolism, hyperandrogenism, and central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
- Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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5
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Genetic inactivation of Semaphorin 3C protects mice from Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int 2022; 101:720-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Marinelli S, Cucinella G, Basile G. COVID-19 and female fertility: the flaws of Italian Law 40/2004 on assisted procreation in pandemic times. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022316. [PMID: 36300206 PMCID: PMC9686175 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i5.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 614 million people worldwide, killing more than 6.5 million. COVID-19 impact on fertility may have far-reaching ramifications, considering that only in Italy, over 20 million people have been infected, many more considering unconfirmed cases. METHODS The authors aimed to outline the repercussions of COVID-19 on female reproductive capabilities, through an analysis of underlying mechanisms and dynamics liable to cause long-term COVID-19 complications and sequelae, including direct virus-induced tissue damage. RESULTS The entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) can be found in several tissues and organs within the human body, including ovaries, oocytes and placenta. In order to assess the fertility-damaging potential of the disease, it is necessary to clarify highly complex mechanisms such as the ovarian renin-angiotensin system (OVRAS) affecting ovarian physiology and dysfunction. COVID-19 and its potential to undermine the fertility prospects of millions cannot be underestimated. It is therefore essential for lawmakers to solve inconsistencies such as those in Italy's Law 40/2004, which has been all but dismantled by Constitutional Court and European Court of Human Rights rulings, and cannot therefore offer a sufficient degree of certainty and reliability. CONCLUSIONS When crafting novel, updated standards, norms and regulations to govern access to medically-assisted procreation, national leaders need to take into account the grave threat to fertility in a country such as Italy, which already has one of the world's lowest birth rates, posed by COVID-19 in light of currently available research findings outlining its impact on reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaspare Cucinella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF UNIT Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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7
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Luu R, Valdebenito S, Scemes E, Cibelli A, Spray DC, Rovegno M, Tichauer J, Cottignies-Calamarte A, Rosenberg A, Capron C, Belouzard S, Dubuisson J, Annane D, de la Grandmaison GL, Cramer-Bordé E, Bomsel M, Eugenin E. Pannexin-1 channel opening is critical for COVID-19 pathogenesis. iScience 2021; 24:103478. [PMID: 34841222 PMCID: PMC8603863 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly rampaged worldwide, causing a pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID -19), but the biology of SARS-CoV-2 remains under investigation. We demonstrate that both SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human coronavirus 229E (hCoV-229E) or its purified S protein, one of the main viruses responsible for the common cold, induce the transient opening of Pannexin-1 (Panx-1) channels in human lung epithelial cells. However, the Panx-1 channel opening induced by SARS-CoV-2 is greater and more prolonged than hCoV-229E/S protein, resulting in an enhanced ATP, PGE2, and IL-1β release. Analysis of lung lavages and tissues indicate that Panx-1 mRNA expression is associated with increased ATP, PGE2, and IL-1β levels. Panx-1 channel opening induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), endocytosis, and furin dependent. Overall, we demonstrated that Panx-1 channel is a critical contributor to SARS-CoV-2 infection and should be considered as an alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Luu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Eliana Scemes
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Cibelli
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience & Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - David C Spray
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience & Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maximiliano Rovegno
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Tichauer
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Cottignies-Calamarte
- Hôpital Cochin, Service de Virologie, Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Hôpital Ambroise Paré (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Arielle Rosenberg
- Hôpital Cochin, Service de Virologie, Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Hôpital Ambroise Paré (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Virologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Coronavirus, Centre d'infection et d'immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Calude Capron
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | | | - Jean Dubuisson
- Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Djillali Annane
- Simone Veil School of Medicine, Université of Versailles, Versailles, France.,University Paris Saclay, Garches, France
| | - Geoffroy Lorin de la Grandmaison
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Versailles Saint-Quentin Université, AP-HP, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France
| | | | - Morgane Bomsel
- Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Eliseo Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, the causative virus of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), penetrates into the hosts’ tissues via binding of its spike protein to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors after activation of the hosts’ protease enzymes. The most prominent effect is observed when the virus binds to the ACE-2 receptors of the alveolar epithelium and endothelium. Testosterone exhibits an immunosuppressive effect, and androgens play a modulatory role on protease enzymes. It is known that various comorbidities, including obesity; pregnancy; diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2); hypertension; cancer; chronic kidney, liver, and lung diseases; cerebrovascular disease; heart conditions; human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunologic disease; and immune suppression; affect the severity of COVID-19 infection. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-10% of reproductive aged-women. Hirsutism is observed in 70-80% of the patients, while increased testosterone levels are detected in more than 50% of the women with PCOS. This syndrome is also associated with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, increased renin-angiotensin system activity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in a remarkable number of cases. PCOS also manifests a chronic pro-inflammatory state. Hyperandrogenism through hyperinsulinemia causes adipocyte hypertrophy and dysfunction that result in increased secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokine, which culminates in the creation of a chronic inflammatory state. In light of the metabolic and hormonal changes observed in women with PCOS, which make them more susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection, health care givers should provide special care and detailed counseling services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Dilbaz
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
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Rezq S, Huffman AM, Basnet J, Yanes Cardozo LL, Romero DG. Cardiac and Renal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Entry Protein Regulation by Androgens and Diet: Implications for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189746. [PMID: 34575910 PMCID: PMC8470275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are associated with hyperandrogenism, obesity, and preexisting pulmonary, metabolic, renal, and cardiac conditions. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in premenopausal women, is associated with obesity, hyperandrogenism, and cardiometabolic dysregulations. We analyzed cardiac, renal, circulatory, and urinary SARS-CoV-2 viral entry proteins (ACE2, TMPRSS2, TMPRSS4, furin, cathepsin L, and ADAM17) and androgen receptor (AR) expression, in a peripubertal androgen exposure model of PCOS. Peripubertal female mice were treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and low (LFD) or high (HFD) fat diet for 90 days. HFD exacerbated DHT-induced increase in body weight, fat mass, and cardiac and renal hypertrophy. In the heart, DHT upregulated AR protein in both LFD and HFD, ACE2 in HFD, and ADAM17 in LFD. In the kidney, AR protein expression was upregulated by both DHT and HFD. Moreover, ACE2 and ADAM17 were upregulated by DHT in both diets. Renal TMPRSS2, furin, and cathepsin L were upregulated by DHT and differentially modulated by the diet. DHT upregulated urinary ACE2 in both diets, while neither treatment modified serum ACE2. Renal AR mRNA expression positively correlated with Ace2, Tmprss2, furin, cathepsin L, and ADAM17. Our findings suggest that women with PCOS could be a population with a high risk of COVID-19-associated cardiac and renal complications. Furthermore, our study suggests that weight loss by lifestyle modifications (i.e., diet) could potentially mitigate COVID-19-associated deleterious cardiorenal outcomes in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Rezq
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (S.R.); (A.M.H.); (J.B.); (L.L.Y.C.)
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Alexandra M. Huffman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (S.R.); (A.M.H.); (J.B.); (L.L.Y.C.)
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jelina Basnet
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (S.R.); (A.M.H.); (J.B.); (L.L.Y.C.)
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Licy L. Yanes Cardozo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (S.R.); (A.M.H.); (J.B.); (L.L.Y.C.)
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Damian G. Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (S.R.); (A.M.H.); (J.B.); (L.L.Y.C.)
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N, State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-601-984-1523; Fax: +1-601-984-1501
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Guo F, Yang X. A Comprehensive Review of the Management of Pregnant Women with COVID-19: Useful Information for Obstetricians. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3363-3378. [PMID: 34466003 PMCID: PMC8402981 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s325496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the physiological changes of the cardiovascular system and respiratory system in pregnancy, pregnant women are vulnerable to pathogen infection and severe pneumonia. With the increasing incidence of COVID-19 pneumonia, its influence on pregnant women and neonates has attracted more attention. In this review, we collected all relevant articles published in English from September 1, 2019 to June 10, 2021, regarding the epidemiology, clinical presentations, chemical examinations, imaging findings, the timing of delivery and delivery mode, maternal and neonatal complications, medication, and vertical transmission of COVID-19 in pregnancy. It has been reported that compared with non-pregnant females, pregnant women with COVID-19 are more likely to develop into severe type. In particular, the risk of entering the intensive care unit and endotracheal intubation was higher. Chest computed tomography and blood routine examination are useful for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in a short period of time. COVID-19 pneumonia is not an independent indication for terminating the pregnancy, and it is not contraindicated for vaginal delivery. Compared to normal pregnant females, patients with COVID-19 showed an elevated susceptibility of preterm delivery. Multidisciplinary consultation was suggested in the treatment policy of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Currently, there is no evaluation on the safety, efficacy, and immunity of the approved vaccines for mothers and infants. In human placental tissues, the COVID-19 virus has been found by different detection methods. The mechanism by which the virus enters the placental tissue is unclear, which may be related to placental inflammation. The long-term prognosis of pregnant women with COVID-19 remains unclear and requires further detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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