1
|
Xie Y, Feng X, Gao Y, Zhan X, Peng F, Zhou Q, Wu X, Wang X, Tian N, Xu Q, Su N, Tang X, Liang J, Li J, Wen Y. Association of albumin to non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2299601. [PMID: 38193165 PMCID: PMC10778424 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2299601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malnutrition and inflammation are associated with mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Serum albumin and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) are independently associated with mortality in PD patients. Combining albumin and non-HDL-C with mortality may be more plausible in clinical practice. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 1954 Chinese PD patients from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2016. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to determine the relationship between albumin to non-HDL-C ratio and all-cause mortality. Cox regression analysis was applied to assess the independent predictive value while adjusting for confounding factors. Competitive risk analysis was used to examine the effects of other outcomes on all-cause mortality prognosis. RESULTS In the 33-month follow-up period, there were 538 all-cause deaths. Kaplan-Meier analysis presented significant differences in all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox regression showed that the risk of all-cause mortality was lower in the moderate group (9.36-12.79) (HR, 0.731; 95% CI, 0.593-0.902, p = 0.004) and the highest group (>12.79) (HR, 0.705; 95% CI, 0.565-0.879, p = 0.002) compared to the lowest group (≤9.36). Competitive risk analysis revealed significant differences for all-cause mortality (p < 0.001), while there was no statistical significance for other competing events. CONCLUSIONS Low albumin to non-HDL-C ratio was associated with a high risk of all-cause mortality in PD patients. It may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xie
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoran Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Jiujiang NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Youqun Gao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Fenfen Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Medical Statistics, Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
- Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Qingdong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, PR China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xingming Tang
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatism, Dongguan Songshan Lake Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Jianbo Liang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heo JH, Jung HN, Roh E, Han KD, Kang JG, Lee SJ, Ihm SH. Association of remnant cholesterol with risk of dementia: a nationwide population-based cohort study in South Korea. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024:S2666-7568(24)00112-0. [PMID: 39068948 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(24)00112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) and cardiovascular disease risk is well established, but its association with dementia remains unclear. We aimed to examine this association using a large-scale population dataset. METHODS We did a nationwide, population-based cohort study in which we identified participants aged 40 years and older who underwent the national health examination in 2009 from South Korea's National Health Insurance Service. We excluded people who were younger than 40 years and those with a triglyceride concentration of 400 mg/dL or higher due to concerns regarding the accuracy of calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in individuals with extremely high triglyceride concentrations. People who were previously diagnosed with dementia before the index date, and those who had any missing variables were also excluded. To minimise the influence of possible reverse causation, we excluded individuals who had developed any type of dementia within 1 year of the baseline measurements. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia in each quartile of remnant-C using the Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, body-mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, diabetes, hypertension, statin and fibrate use, and total cholesterol concentrations. We also did subgroup analyses to investigate the association between remnant-C and the risk of dementia stratified by age, sex, obesity, glycaemic status (normoglycaemia, impaired fasting glucose, new-onset type 2 diabetes, type 2 diabetes with a duration of less than 5 years, and type 2 diabetes with a duration of 5 years or more), hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and dyslipidaemia, using likelihood ratio tests. FINDINGS 4 234 415 individuals who underwent the national health examination in 2009 were deemed eligible for inclusion. We excluded 1 612 819 individuals on the basis of age, triglyceride concentration, missing variables, or having dementia at baseline. We identified 2 621 596 participants aged 40 years and older (1 305 556 men and 1 316 040 women) who underwent the national health examination and followed them up until the date of any incident of dementia or the end of the study period of Dec 31, 2020. During a median follow-up of 10·3 years (IQR 10·1-10·6), 146 991 (5·6%) participants developed all-cause dementia, 117 739 (4·5%) developed Alzheimer's disease, and 14 536 (0·6%) developed vascular dementia. The risk of dementia increased progressively with higher remnant-C concentrations. Compared with the lowest quartile of remnant-C (quartile 1), HRs in the highest quartile (quartile 4) were 1·11 (95% CI 1·09-1·13) for all-cause dementia, 1·11 (1·08-1·13) for Alzheimer's disease, and 1·15 (1·09-1·21) for vascular dementia. Subgroup analyses revealed that the risk of dementia associated with high remnant-C concentrations was higher in middle-aged people aged 40-59 years than in older people. The risk of dementia associated with high concentrations of remnant-C was notably more pronounced in individuals with diabetes compared with those without diabetes, and the risk increased steeply with a longer duration of diabetes. INTERPRETATION Results showed that higher remnant-C concentrations were independently associated with increased risks of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. More research is needed to determine the mechanisms underlying this finding. Monitoring and managing higher concentrations of remnant-C might have important implications for reducing the risk of dementia. FUNDING None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Han Na Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Kyung-do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Goo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| | - Seong Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Ihm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fongang B. A genome-wide association meta-analysis of all-cause and vascular dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39046104 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dementia is a multifactorial disease with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) pathologies making the largest contributions. Yet, most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) focus on AD. METHODS We conducted a GWAS of all-cause dementia (ACD) and examined the genetic overlap with VaD. Our dataset includes 800,597 individuals, with 46,902 and 8702 cases of ACD and VaD, respectively. Known AD loci for ACD and VaD were replicated. Bioinformatic analyses prioritized genes that are likely functionally relevant and shared with closely related traits and risk factors. RESULTS For ACD, novel loci identified were associated with energy transport (SEMA4D), neuronal excitability (ANO3), amyloid deposition in the brain (RBFOX1), and magnetic resonance imaging markers of small vessel disease (SVD; HBEGF). Novel VaD loci were associated with hypertension, diabetes, and neuron maintenance (SPRY2, FOXA2, AJAP1, and PSMA3). DISCUSSION Our study identified genetic risks underlying ACD, demonstrating overlap with neurodegenerative processes, vascular risk factors, and cerebral SVD. HIGHLIGHTS We conducted the largest genome-wide association study of all-cause dementia (ACD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Known genetic variants associated with AD were replicated for ACD and VaD. Functional analyses identified novel loci for ACD and VaD. Genetic risks of ACD overlapped with neurodegeneration, vascular risk factors, and cerebral small vessel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Fongang
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tricorache DF, Dascalu AM, Alexandrescu C, Bobirca A, Grigorescu C, Tudor C, Cristea BM. Correlations Between the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Serum Lipid Fractions With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cureus 2024; 16:e62503. [PMID: 39022525 PMCID: PMC11252630 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Age-related macular degeneration, a chronic and progressive disease, is one of the leading causes of vision loss globally among the elderly population. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed regarding its pathogenesis, including the presence of lipid metabolism alteration. Dysfunctional lipid handling within retinal pigment epithelial cells has been implicated in the accumulation of lipofuscin and subsequent induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, all contributing to retinal degeneration. The present study aims to comparatively analyze the serum lipid fraction distributions in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and controls. Materials and methods A retrospective study was carried out between January 2021 and December 2023 on 91 naïve patients with neovascular AMD and 90 controls admitted for routine cataract surgery. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological exam, including ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) with central macular thickness (CMT) measurement. A complete blood count with differential and lipid fractions values was analyzed. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were comparatively analyzed between the control group and the test group. Results The groups were comparable in terms of age (73.84 ±7.52 years for the neovascular AMD group vs 72.1±10.92 years in controls; p=0.8) and gender distribution (p=0.243). The mean NLR and PLR values were slightly higher in the AMD group but not statistically significant (p=0.51, p>0.99, respectively). Comparative analysis of lipid profile fractions showed significantly higher HDL-C values in the exudative AMD group compared to normal subjects (61.27±19.4 mg/dL vs 50.99±7.86 mg/dL, p=0.006). Also, the proportion of subjects with HDL-C>60 mg/dL was higher in the exudative AMD group (p=0.014). There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (189.77±53.39 mg/dL vs 190.43±37.84 mg/dL, p=0.681), LDL-C, and TG. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum HDL-C and HDL-C values >60 mg/dL are significantly associated factors with neovascular AMD. However, there is no statistical correlation between the values of these biochemical parameters and visual acuity or CMT in the neovascular AMD patient group. Conclusions There were no correlations between NLR and PLR with neovascular AMD in the study group. Higher HDL-C values exceeding 60 mg/dL were associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and could represent a possible therapeutic target in neovascular AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana F Tricorache
- Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Ana M Dascalu
- Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | | | - Anca Bobirca
- Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | | | - Corneliu Tudor
- Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Bogdan M Cristea
- Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun X, Chen W, Razavi AC, Shi M, Pan Y, Li C, Argos M, Layden BT, Daviglus ML, He J, Carmichael OT, Bazzano LA, Kelly TN. Associations of Epigenetic Age Acceleration With CVD Risks Across the Lifespan: The Bogalusa Heart Study. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:577-590. [PMID: 38984046 PMCID: PMC11228118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Although epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) might serve as a molecular signature of childhood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and further promote midlife subclinical CVD, few studies have comprehensively examined these life course associations. This study sought to test whether childhood CVD risk factors predict EAA in adulthood and whether EAA mediates the association between childhood CVD risks and midlife subclinical disease. Among 1,580 Bogalusa Heart Study participants, we estimated extrinsic EAA, intrinsic EAA, PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), and GrimAge acceleration (GrimAgeAccel) during adulthood. We tested prospective associations of longitudinal childhood body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipids, and glucose with EAAs using linear mixed effects models. After confirming EAAs with midlife carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque, structural equation models examined mediating effects of EAAs on associations of childhood CVD risk factors with subclinical CVD measures. After stringent multiple testing corrections, each SD increase in childhood BMI was significantly associated with 0.6-, 0.9-, and 0.5-year increases in extrinsic EAA, PhenoAgeAccel, and GrimAgeAccel, respectively (P < 0.001 for all 3 associations). Likewise, each SD increase in childhood log-triglycerides was associated with 0.5- and 0.4-year increases in PhenoAgeAccel and GrimAgeAccel (P < 0.001 for both), respectively, whereas each SD increase in childhood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with a 0.3-year decrease in GrimAgeAccel (P = 0.002). Our findings indicate that PhenoAgeAccel mediates an estimated 27.4% of the association between childhood log-triglycerides and midlife carotid intima-media thickness (P = 0.022). Our data demonstrate that early life CVD risk factors may accelerate biological aging and promote subclinical atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alexander C Razavi
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Maria Argos
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhale AS, Meilhac O, d'Hellencourt CL, Vijayalakshmi MA, Venkataraman K. Cholesterol transport and beyond: Illuminating the versatile functions of HDL apolipoproteins through structural insights and functional implications. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38661230 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a vital role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health, as they are intricately involved in cholesterol transport and inflammation modulation. The proteome of HDL particles is indeed complex and distinct from other components in the bloodstream. Proteomics studies have identified nearly 285 different proteins associated with HDL; however, this review focuses more on the 15 or so traditionally named "apo" lipoproteins. Important lipid metabolizing enzymes closely working with the apolipoproteins are also discussed. Apolipoproteins stand out for their integral role in HDL stability, structure, function, and metabolism. The unique structure and functions of each apolipoprotein influence important processes such as inflammation regulation and lipid metabolism. These interactions also shape the stability and performance of HDL particles. HDLs apolipoproteins have multifaceted roles beyond cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are involved in various physiological processes and disease states. Therefore, a detailed exploration of these apolipoproteins can offer valuable insights into potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of HDL apolipoproteins, highlighting their distinct structures, functions, and contributions to various physiological processes. Exploiting this knowledge holds great potential for improving HDL function, enhancing cholesterol efflux, and modulating inflammatory processes, ultimately benefiting individuals by limiting the risks associated with CVDs and other inflammation-based pathologies. Understanding the nature of all 15 apolipoproteins expands our knowledge of HDL metabolism, sheds light on their pathological implications, and paves the way for advancements in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of lipid and inflammatory-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sudam Bhale
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhen R, Wang S, Chen S. The Relationship Between UA/HDL and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:969-980. [PMID: 38435629 PMCID: PMC10908281 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s447809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was designed to analyze correlations between the uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and peripheral nerve conduction velocity (NCV) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Patients and Methods This was a single-center cross-sectional analysis of 324 T2DM patients. All patients were separated into a group with normal NCV (NCVN) and a group with abnormal NCV (NCVA). Patients were also classified into groups with low and high UHR values based on the median UHR in this study cohort. Neurophysiological data including motor and sensory conduction velocity (MCV and SCV, respectively) were measured for all patients. Results Relative to patients with low UHR values, those in the high UHR group presented with greater NCVA prevalence (P = 0.002). UHR remained negatively correlated with bilateral superficial peroneal nerve SCV, bilateral common peroneal nerve MCV, bilateral ulnar nerve SCV, and bilateral right median nerve MCV even after adjustment for confounding factors. UHR was identified as an NCVA-related risk factor, with a 1.370-fold increase in NCVA prevalence for every unit rise in UHR (P < 0.001). Conclusion These results identify UHR as a risk factor associated with NCVA that was independently negatively associated with NCV among T2DM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Zhen
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun J, Xie F, Wang J, Luo J, Chen T, Jiang Q, Xi Q, Liu GE, Zhang Y. Integrated meta-omics reveals the regulatory landscape involved in lipid metabolism between pig breeds. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:33. [PMID: 38374121 PMCID: PMC10877772 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domesticated pigs serve as an ideal animal model for biomedical research and also provide the majority of meat for human consumption in China. Porcine intramuscular fat content associates with human health and diseases and is essential in pork quality. The molecular mechanisms controlling lipid metabolism and intramuscular fat accretion across tissues in pigs, and how these changes in response to pig breeds, remain largely unknown. RESULTS We surveyed the tissue-resident cell types of the porcine jejunum, colon, liver, and longissimus dorsi muscle between Lantang and Landrace breeds by single-cell RNA sequencing. Combining lipidomics and metagenomics approaches, we also characterized gene signatures and determined key discriminating markers of lipid digestibility, absorption, conversion, and deposition across tissues in two pig breeds. In Landrace, lean-meat swine mainly exhibited breed-specific advantages in lipid absorption and oxidation for energy supply in small and large intestinal epitheliums, nascent high-density lipoprotein synthesis for reverse cholesterol transport in enterocytes and hepatocytes, bile acid formation, and secretion for fat emulsification in hepatocytes, as well as intestinal-microbiota gene expression involved in lipid accumulation product. In Lantang, obese-meat swine showed a higher synthesis capacity of chylomicrons responsible for high serum triacylglycerol levels in small intestinal epitheliums, the predominant characteristics of lipid absorption in muscle tissue, and greater intramuscular adipcytogenesis potentials from muscular fibro-adipogenic progenitor subpopulation. CONCLUSIONS The findings enhanced our understanding of the cellular biology of lipid metabolism and opened new avenues to improve animal production and human diseases. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
| | - George E Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin G, Sun Z, Wang Z, Xia Y, Cheng L, Qin G, Aschalew ND, Liu H, Zhang X, Wu Q, Zhang W, Zhao W, Wang T, Zhen Y. Mechanistic insights into inositol-mediated rumen function promotion and metabolic alteration using in vitro and in vivo models. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1359234. [PMID: 38435365 PMCID: PMC10904589 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1359234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inositol is a bioactive factor that is widely found in nature; however, there are few studies on its use in ruminant nutrition. This study investigated the effects of different inositol doses and fermentation times on rumen fermentation and microbial diversity, as well as the levels of rumen and blood metabolites in sheep. Rumen fermentation parameters, microbial diversity, and metabolites after different inositol doses were determined in vitro. According to the in vitro results, six small-tailed Han sheep fitted with permanent rumen fistulas were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square feeding experiment where inositol was injected into the rumen twice a day and rumen fluid and blood samples were collected. The in vitro results showed that inositol could increase in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro crude protein digestibility, NH3-N, acetic acid, propionic acid, and rumen microbial diversity and affect rumen metabolic pathways (p < 0.05). The feeding experiment results showed that inositol increased the blood concentration of high-density lipoprotein and IgG, IgM, and IL-4 levels. The rumen microbial composition was significantly affected (p < 0.05). Differential metabolites in the rumen were mainly involved in ABC transporters, biotin metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism, whereas those in the blood were mainly involved in arginine biosynthesis and glutathione and tyrosine metabolism. In conclusion, inositol improves rumen function, affects rumen microorganisms and rumen and blood metabolites and may reduce inflammation, improving animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guopei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Zhanqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanhong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Natnael D. Aschalew
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Dilla University, Dila, Ethiopia
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qilu Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Yuguo Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bodaghi AB, Ebadi E, Gholami MJ, Azizi R, Shariati A. A decreased level of high-density lipoprotein is a possible risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1779. [PMID: 38125279 PMCID: PMC10731824 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized primarily by dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) play a significant role in preventing the incidence of dyslipidemia and its complications. HDL has different protective functions, such as reducing oxidation, vascular inflammation, and thrombosis; additionally, its anti-diabetic role is one of the most significant recent discoveries about HDL and some of its constituent lipoproteins. Methods This research reviews ongoing studies and preliminary investigations into the assessment of relation between decreased level of HDL and T2DM. Results The levels of HDL and its functions contribute to glucose hemostasis and the development of T2DM through four possible mechanisms, including insulin secretion by beta cells, peripheral insulin sensitivity, non-insulin-dependent glucose uptake, and adipose tissue metabolic activity. Additionally, the anti-oxidant properties of HDL protect beta cells from apoptosis caused by oxidative stress and inflammation induced by low-density lipoprotein, which facilitate insulin secretion. Conclusion Therefore, HDL and its compositions, especially Apo A-I, play an important role in regulating glucose metabolism, and decreased levels of HDL can be considered a risk factor for DM. Different factors, such as hypoalphalipoproteinemia that manifests as a consequence of genetic factors, such as Apo A-I deficiency, as well as secondary causes arising from lifestyle choices and underlying medical conditions that decrease the level of HDL, could be associated with DM. Moreover, intricate connections between HDL and diabetic complications extend beyond glucose metabolism to encompass complications like cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. Therefore, the exact interactions between HDL level and DM should be evaluated in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bayat Bodaghi
- Student Research CommitteeKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
- Molecular and Medicine Research CentreKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
| | - Erfan Ebadi
- Student Research CommitteeKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
- Molecular and Medicine Research CentreKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
| | - Mohammad Javad Gholami
- Student Research CommitteeKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
- Molecular and Medicine Research CentreKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
| | - Reza Azizi
- Molecular and Medicine Research CentreKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research CentreKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yuan Z, Zou Y, Liu X, Wang L, Chen C. Longitudinal study on blood and biochemical indexes of Tibetan and Han in high altitude area. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1282051. [PMID: 38035283 PMCID: PMC10685451 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1282051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to review the blood routine and biochemical indicators of the plateau population for three consecutive years, and analyze the impact of the plateau on these blood indicators of the Tibetan population and the Han immigrant population. Method These parameters were extracted from the Laboratory Department of Ali District People's Hospital in Tibet from January 2019 to December 2021, including blood routine, liver and kidney function, blood lipids, myocardial enzyme spectrum, and rheumatic factor indicators. Changes in these parameters were analyzed over 3 consecutive years according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result A total of 114 Tibetans and 93 Hans participated in the study. These parameters were significantly different between Tibetan and Han populations. Red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean hemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (LYMPH) and monocytes (MONO) were significantly higher in Hans than Tibetans (p < 0.05). Biochemically, total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), albumin (ALB), urea nitrogen (Urea), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TG) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB) were significantly higher in Hans than Tibetans; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), antistreptolysin (ASO), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher in Tibetans than Hans (p < 0.05). There were no obvious continuous upward or downward trend of the parameters for 3 consecutive years. Conclusion In high-altitude areas, Han immigrants have long-term stress changes compared with Tibetans. The main differences are reflected in the blood system, liver and kidney functions, etc., which provide basic data for further research on the health status of plateau populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZhiMin Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ali District People's Hospital, Tibet Ali, China
| | - YuanWu Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tuberculosis Prevent and Care Hospital of Shanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - XiaoXing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ali District People's Hospital, Tibet Ali, China
| | - LongHao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ali District People's Hospital, Tibet Ali, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mehta N, Dangas K, Ditmarsch M, Rensen PCN, Dicklin MR, Kastelein JJP. The evolving role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition beyond cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106972. [PMID: 37898443 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The main role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is the transfer of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. There is a long history of investigations regarding the inhibition of CETP as a target for reducing major adverse cardiovascular events. Initially, the potential effect on cardiovascular events of CETP inhibitors was hypothesized to be mediated by their ability to increase HDL cholesterol, but, based on evidence from anacetrapib and the newest CETP inhibitor, obicetrapib, it is now understood to be primarily due to reducing LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. Nevertheless, evidence is also mounting that other roles of HDL, including its promotion of cholesterol efflux, as well as its apolipoprotein composition and anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-diabetic properties, may play important roles in several diseases beyond cardiovascular disease, including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and sepsis. Furthermore, although Mendelian randomization analyses suggested that higher HDL cholesterol is associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), excess risk of AMD was absent in all CETP inhibitor randomized controlled trial data comprising over 70,000 patients. In fact, certain HDL subclasses may, in contrast, be beneficial for treating the retinal cholesterol accumulation that occurs with AMD. This review describes the latest biological evidence regarding the relationship between HDL and CETP inhibition for Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sepsis, and AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Mehta
- Mobius Scientific, Inc., JLABS @ Washington, DC, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - John J P Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Davidson CG, Woodford SJ, Mathur S, Valle DB, Foster D, Kioutchoukova I, Mahmood A, Lucke-Wold B. Investigation into the vascular contributors to dementia and the associated treatments. EXPLORATION OF NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2:224-237. [PMID: 37981945 PMCID: PMC10655228 DOI: 10.37349/en.2023.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
As the average lifespan has increased, memory disorders have become a more pressing public health concern. However, dementia in the elderly population is often neglected in light of other health priorities. Therefore, expanding the knowledge surrounding the pathology of dementia will allow more informed decision-making regarding treatment within elderly and older adult populations. An important emerging avenue in dementia research is understanding the vascular contributors to dementia. This review summarizes potential causes of vascular cognitive impairment like stroke, microinfarction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, blood-brain-barrier dysfunction, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Also, this review address treatments that target these vascular impairments that also show promising results in reducing patient's risk for and experience of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shreya Mathur
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Devon Foster
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | | | - Arman Mahmood
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moser ED, Manemann SM, Larson NB, St Sauver JL, Takahashi PY, Mielke MM, Rocca WA, Olson JE, Roger VL, Remaley AT, Decker PA, Killian JM, Bielinski SJ. Association Between Fluctuations in Blood Lipid Levels Over Time With Incident Alzheimer Disease and Alzheimer Disease-Related Dementias. Neurology 2023; 101:e1127-e1136. [PMID: 37407257 PMCID: PMC10513892 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prevention strategies for Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease-related dementias (AD/ADRDs) are urgently needed. Lipid variability, or fluctuations in blood lipid levels at different points in time, has not been examined extensively and may contribute to the risk of AD/ADRD. Lipid panels are a part of routine screening in clinical practice and routinely available in electronic health records (EHR). Thus, in a large geographically defined population-based cohort, we investigated the variation of multiple lipid types and their association to the development of AD/ADRD. METHODS All residents living in Olmsted County, Minnesota on the index date January 1, 2006, aged 60 years or older without an AD/ADRD diagnosis were identified. Persons with ≥3 lipid measurements including total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the 5 years before index date were included. Lipid variation was defined as any change in individual's lipid levels over time regardless of direction and was measured using variability independent of the mean (VIM). Associations between lipid variation quintiles and incident AD/ADRD were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Participants were followed through 2018 for incident AD/ADRD. RESULTS The final analysis included 11,571 participants (mean age 71 years; 54% female). Median follow-up was 12.9 years with 2,473 incident AD/ADRD cases. After adjustment for confounding variables including sex, race, baseline lipid measurements, education, BMI, and lipid-lowering treatment, participants in the highest quintile of total cholesterol variability had a 19% increased risk of incident AD/ADRD, and those in highest quintile of triglycerides, variability had a 23% increased risk. DISCUSSION In a large EHR derived cohort, those in the highest quintile of variability for total cholesterol and triglyceride levels had an increased risk of incident AD/ADRD. Further studies to identify the mechanisms behind this association are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan D Moser
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sheila M Manemann
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicholas B Larson
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer L St Sauver
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul Y Takahashi
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Walter A Rocca
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Janet E Olson
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Véronique L Roger
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan T Remaley
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul A Decker
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jill M Killian
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Suzette J Bielinski
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.D.M., S.M.M., N.B.L., J.L.S.S., M.M.M., W.A.R., J.E.O., V.L.R., P.A.D., J.M.K., S.J.B.); Division of Community Internal Medicine (P.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Department of Neurology (M.M.M., W.A.R.), Rochester, MN; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Mayo Clinic Women's Health Research Center (W.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Epidemiology and Community Branch (V.L.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory (A.T.R.), Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nordestgaard LT, Christoffersen M, Afzal S, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Frikke-Schmidt R. Genetic variants in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 and risk of age-related macular degeneration. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:985-994. [PMID: 37335386 PMCID: PMC10501952 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants in ABCA1 are associated with higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Higher HDL cholesterol concentrations are observationally and genetically associated with higher risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, whether amino acid-changing genetic variants in ABCA1 associated with high HDL cholesterol concentrations confer a higher risk of AMD in the general population is currently unknown. We tested this hypothesis. The study included 80,972 individuals (1,370 AMD cases) from the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) and 9,584 individuals (142 AMD cases) from the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) with 10 to 18 years of follow-up. We created an HDL cholesterol weighted allele score based on amino acid-changing ABCA1 variants with a minor allele frequency above 0.001 and divided it into tertiles. The study included 55% women. Mean age was 58 years. The ABCA1 allele score for the third versus the first tertile was associated with HRs (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of 1.30 (1.14-1.49) for all-cause AMD, 1.26 (1.06-1.50) for nonneovascular AMD, and 1.31 (1.12-1.53) for neovascular AMD in a multivariable adjusted model. On a continuous scale, higher concentrations of genetically determined HDL cholesterol were associated with higher risk of all-cause AMD, nonneovascular AMD, and neovascular AMD in an age- and sex adjusted model and in a multivariable adjusted model. In conclusion, amino acid-changing genetic variants in ABCA1 associated with higher HDL cholesterol concentrations were also associated with higher risk of AMD, suggesting a role for ABCA1 in AMD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liv Tybjærg Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dastmalchi LN, German CA, Taub PR. High density lipoprotein: When to rethink too much of a good thing. Am J Prev Cardiol 2023; 15:100511. [PMID: 37434863 PMCID: PMC10331407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2023.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a known contributor to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk when HDL-C <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women. There has been much interest in the potential cardioprotective properties of HDL-C, as it removes cholesterol from the periphery to the liver for exertion and holds inherent anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, clinical trials raising HDL-C pharmacologically have not shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes. In fact, observational studies have demonstrated an increased risk of non-cardiovascular mortality and infection when HDL-C >90 mg/dL and >70 mg/dL in women and men, respectively. The ability for the HDL particle to effectively transport cholesterol from the periphery for excretion in bile is more complex than illustrated on a standard cholesterol panel. There is variability in its function, size, density, subclass, reverse cholesterol transport, and cholesterol efflux capacity, which impact the particles ability to effectively reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Research has shown that HDL particles are prone to have a reduction in its efficacy in response to infection, auto-immune disease, menopause and cardiometabolic conditions during pregnancy. Additionally, recent studies have shown that low HDL-C may not adequately influence ASCVD risk in Black adults. The purpose of this contemporary review is to highlight the utility of using HDL-C in assessing CVD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily N. Dastmalchi
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles A. German
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pam R. Taub
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhen R, Ban J, Jia Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Chen S. The Relationship Between Non-HDL-C /HDL-C Ratio (NHHR) and Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2661-2673. [PMID: 37670851 PMCID: PMC10476667 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s414673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between non-HDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and vitamin D in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and Methods This study enrolled 617 T2DM participants. Participants were separated into two groups: no vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D deficiency. Participants were split into two categories: individuals who had a high NHHR and those with a low NHHR, with the median NHHR serving as the cut-off. Eventually, the study participants were classified into two groups by gender, which were further classified into vitamin D deficient and non-vitamin D deficient groups. Results NHHR values were substantially greater in vitamin D deficient group than in the non-deficient group in both male and female T2DM patients (P<0.05). The high NHHR group displayed substantially lower vitamin D levels than the low NHHR group [16.21 (12.55,21.35) vs 19.05 (14.59,24.07), P<0.001]. NHHR was discovered to be negatively and independently associated with vitamin D levels, and there was no sex difference. Conclusion For the first time, our research revealed a negative relationship between NHHR and vitamin D in patients with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Zhen
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoya Jia
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zelin Li
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Banerjee Y, Patti AM, Giglio RV, Ciaccio M, Vichithran S, Faisal S, Stoian AP, Rizvi AA, Rizzo M. The role of atherogenic lipoproteins in diabetes: Molecular aspects and clinical significance. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108517. [PMID: 37329706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia plays a prominent role in the genesis of atherosclerotic plaque and the increased cardiovascular risk in diabetes. Macrophages readily take up atherogenic lipoproteins, transforming into foam cells and amplifying vascular damage in the presence of endothelial dysfunction. We discuss the importance of distinct lipoprotein subclasses in atherogenic diabetic dyslipidaemia as well as the effects of novel anti-diabetic agents on lipoprotein fractions and ultimately on cardiovascular risk prevention. In patients with diabetes, lipid abnormalities should be aggressively identified and treated in conjunction with therapeutical agents used to prevent cardiovascular disease. The use of drugs that improve diabetic dyslipidaemia plays a prominent role in conferring cardiovascular benefit in individuals with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University (MBRU), Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Angelo M Patti
- Internal Medicine Unit, "Vittorio Emanuele II" Hospital, Castelvetrano, Trapani, Italy
| | - Rosaria V Giglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Suhina Vichithran
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University (MBRU), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shemima Faisal
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University (MBRU), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anca Panta Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania; "Prof. Dr.N.C.Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ali Abbas Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University (MBRU), Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania; "Prof. Dr.N.C.Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania; School of Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rasmussen KL, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG, Frikke-Schmidt R. Associations of Alzheimer Disease-Protective APOE Variants With Age-Related Macular Degeneration. JAMA Ophthalmol 2023; 141:13-21. [PMID: 36394841 PMCID: PMC9673029 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance The association of major lipid genes with and their potential as drug targets for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unknown. These associations are important to study because AMD is the leading cause of irreversible late-onset blindness in high-income countries. Objective To determine whether the full range of structural genetic variation in apolipoprotein E (APOE), a master gene in peripheral and cerebral lipid metabolism, is associated with risk of AMD. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) and the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) cohorts. Participants were followed from study inclusion at the time of blood sampling to occurrence of event, death, emigration, or December 7, 2018, whichever came first. For participants in CCHS, the APOE gene was sequenced, and 9 variants with a heterozygote frequency of at least 0.0002 were genotyped in the CGPS. Observers were masked to patient groupings. Data were analyzed from March to September 2021. Exposures The exposure was APOE status, and the direct gene product in plasma, apoE levels, was measured in all participants. Main Outcomes and Measures Cox regression was applied to estimate risk of AMD associated with APOE genotype. Results A total of 105 546 participants (mean [SD] age, 57.7 [13.4] years; 58 140 [55%] female participants) were included. Compared with participants with the common ɛ33 genotype, risk of AMD was lower in participants with ε44 (multifactorially adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.96) and ε43 (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.90) genotypes and higher in the ε32 (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.31) genotype. Compared with noncarriers, risk of AMD was higher for participants with Gly145Asp (aHR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.14-10.96) and Arg154Cys (aHR, 4.52; 95% CI, 1-13-18.13) heterozygotes. Results were similar after further adjustment for lipid traits and after adjustment for the APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 variant. Combining all common and rare structural variants in a weighted allele score, risk of AMD per 1-mg/dL genetically higher plasma apoE was increased in the adjusted model (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19), the adjusted model plus APOE ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 status (aHR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.20-2.76), and the adjusted model in individuals with the ε33 genotype only (aHR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.14-2.75). Conclusions and Relevance These findings highlight that structural variation in APOE beyond the ε2/ε3/ε4 variants may be important for risk of AMD in a population of European ancestry. Rare functional ɛ2-like variants in APOE have previously been reported to have protective associations for Alzheimer disease but the present findings suggest a simultaneous high risk of AMD. This would limit the drug target potential of mechanisms resembling these variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine L. Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital–Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Glucose and Lipid Profiles Predict Anthropometric Changes in Drug-Naïve Adolescents Starting Treatment with Risperidone or Sertraline: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010048. [PMID: 36672556 PMCID: PMC9855642 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are associated with cardiometabolic diseases, partly due to adverse drug effects with individual risk variabilities. Risperidone and sertraline are widely used for youths. Although they may be exposed to anthropometric changes, few data about this population exist. We evaluated the correlation between several blood parameters and body changes in a very small group of drug-naïve adolescents who had started risperidone or sertraline. We examined weight, waist circumference (WC), WC/height ratio and body mass index (BMI) at baseline (T0) and after at least three months of therapy (T1), and blood glucose and lipid profiles at T0. Here, we show significant increases in several anthropometric parameters in both groups, a negative correlation between HDL and ΔWC in the risperidone group and positive correlations between insulin and ΔBMI and between HOMA-IR and ΔBMI in the sertraline group. Despite the sample size, these results are important because it is difficult to study adolescents who are long-term-compliant with psychotropic drugs. This pilot study supports the importance of future large-scale investigations to understand the metabolic risk profiles of psychotropic drugs, their individual vulnerabilities and their underlying mechanisms. Simultaneous guideline-based psychiatric and metabolic interventions should be part of daily practice.
Collapse
|
21
|
Oga T. HDL and sleep: beyond cardiovascular diseases and allergy. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:445-446. [PMID: 38468619 PMCID: PMC10900019 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Oga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shared Risk Factors between Dementia and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179777. [PMID: 36077172 PMCID: PMC9456552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, and the prodromal phases of Alzheimer’s disease can last for decades. Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia and is distinguished from Alzheimer’s disease by evidence of previous stroke or hemorrhage and current cerebrovascular disease. A compiled group of vascular-related dementias (vascular dementia and unspecified dementia) is often referred to as non-Alzheimer dementia. Recent evidence indicates that preventing dementia by lifestyle interventions early in life with a focus on reducing cardiovascular risk factors is a promising strategy for reducing future risk. Approximately 40% of dementia cases is estimated to be preventable by targeting modifiable, primarily cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this review is to describe the association between risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and non-Alzheimer dementia by providing an overview of the current evidence and to shed light on possible shared pathogenic pathways between dementia and cardiovascular disease. The included risk factors are body mass index (BMI); plasma triglyceride-, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol-, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-, and total cholesterol concentrations; hypertension; diabetes; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); physical inactivity; smoking; diet; the gut microbiome; and genetics. Furthermore, we aim to disentangle the difference between associations of risk factors in midlife as compared with in late life.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zanotti I. High-Density Lipoproteins in Non-Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169413. [PMID: 36012681 PMCID: PMC9408873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Zanotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, 42124 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zou Y, Hu C, Kuang M, Chai Y. Remnant cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is a new powerful tool for identifying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:134. [PMID: 35331166 PMCID: PMC8953360 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remnant cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (RC/HDL-C) ratio has been shown to be a good predictor of metabolic disease risk, but no studies have further investigated the role of RC/HDL-C ratio in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. METHODS The participants were 14,251 adults who underwent a physical examination, all of whom underwent abdominal ultrasonography to determine whether they had NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the RC/HDL-C ratio and the risk of NAFLD. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after fully adjusting the confounding factors, the higher RC/HDL-C ratio was independently positively correlated with the risk of NAFLD. Interaction tests suggested that the effect of RC/HDL-C ratio on NAFLD was significantly affected by sex. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of RC/HDL-C ratio for identifying NAFLD was 0.82, which was significantly higher than that of other conventional lipid parameters. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates for the first time that the higher RC/HDL-C ratio in the general population may be closely related to the increased risk of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Gastroenterology Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Maobin Kuang
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Cardiology Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yuliang Chai
- Cardiology Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Inflammatory Changes after Ovariectomy and Estradiol Substitution in Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052825. [PMID: 35269970 PMCID: PMC8910968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: If menopause is really independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease is still under debate. We studied if ovariectomy in the model of insulin resistance causes cardiovascular changes, to what extent are these changes reversible by estradiol substitution and if they are accompanied by changes in other organs and tissues. Methods: Hereditary hypertriglyceridemic female rats were divided into three groups: ovariectomized at 8th week (n = 6), ovariectomized with 17-β estradiol substitution (n = 6), and the sham group (n = 5). The strain of abdominal aorta measured by ultrasound, expression of vascular genes, weight and content of myocardium and also non-cardiac parameters were analyzed. Results: After ovariectomy, the strain of abdominal aorta, expression of nitric oxide synthase in abdominal aorta, relative weight of myocardium and of the left ventricle and circulating interleukin-6 decreased; these changes were reversed by estradiol substitution. Interestingly, the content of triglycerides in myocardium did not change after ovariectomy, but significantly increased after estradiol substitution while adiposity index did not change after ovariectomy, but significantly decreased after estradiol substitution. Conclusion: Vascular and cardiac parameters under study differed in their response to ovariectomy and estradiol substitution. This indicates different effects of ovariectomy and estradiol on different cardiovascular but also extracardiac structures.
Collapse
|
26
|
Vekic J, Zeljkovic A, Al Rasadi K, Cesur M, Silva-Nunes J, Stoian AP, Rizzo M. A New Look at Novel Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers: The Role of Atherogenic Lipoproteins and Innovative Antidiabetic Therapies. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020108. [PMID: 35208183 PMCID: PMC8879153 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of residual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is a current dilemma in clinical practice; indeed, despite optimal management and treatment, a considerable proportion of patients still undergo major CV events. Novel lipoprotein biomarkers are suggested as possible targets for improving the outcomes of patients at higher risk for CVD, and their impact on major CV events and mortality have previously been investigated. Innovative antidiabetic therapies have recently shown a significant reduction in atherogenic lipoproteins, beyond their effects on glucose parameters; it has also been suggested that such anti-atherogenic effect may represent a valuable mechanistic explanation for the cardiovascular benefit of, at least, some of the novel antidiabetic agents, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. This emphasizes the need for further research in the field in order to clearly assess the effects of innovative treatments on different novel biomarkers, including atherogenic lipoproteins, such as small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The current article discusses the clinical importance of novel lipid biomarkers for better management of patients in order to overcome residual cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Khalid Al Rasadi
- Medical Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Mustafa Cesur
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Ankara Güven Hospital, Ankara 06680, Turkey;
| | - José Silva-Nunes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kjeldsen EW, Thomassen JQ, Frikke-Schmidt R. HDL cholesterol concentrations and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease - Insights from randomized clinical trials and human genetics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159063. [PMID: 34637926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Through seven decades the inverse association between HDL cholesterol concentrations and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has been observed in case-control and prospective cohort studies. This robust inverse association fuelled the enthusiasm towards development of HDL cholesterol increasing drugs, exemplified by the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor trials and the extended-release niacin HPS2-THRIVE trial. These HDL cholesterol increasing trials were launched without conclusive evidence from human genetics, and despite discrepant species dependent evidence from animal studies. Evidence from human genetics and from randomized clinical trials over the last 13 years now point in the direction that concentrations of HDL cholesterol, do not appear to be a viable future path to target therapeutically for prevention of ASCVD. A likely explanation for the strong observational association between low HDL cholesterol and high ASCVD risk is the concomitant inverse association between HDL cholesterol and atherogenic triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The purpose of the present review is to bring HDL cholesterol increasing trials into a human genetics context exemplified by candidate gene studies of key players in HDL biogenesis as well as by HDL cholesterol related genome-wide association studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Westerlin Kjeldsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Qvist Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
von Eckardstein A. High Density Lipoproteins: Is There a Comeback as a Therapeutic Target? Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 270:157-200. [PMID: 34463854 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low plasma levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In cell culture and animal models, HDL particles exert multiple potentially anti-atherogenic effects. However, drugs increasing HDL-C have failed to prevent cardiovascular endpoints. Mendelian Randomization studies neither found any genetic causality for the associations of HDL-C levels with differences in cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the causal role and, hence, utility as a therapeutic target of HDL has been questioned. However, the biomarker "HDL-C" as well as the interpretation of previous data has several important limitations: First, the inverse relationship of HDL-C with risk of ASCVD is neither linear nor continuous. Hence, neither the-higher-the-better strategies of previous drug developments nor previous linear cause-effect relationships assuming Mendelian randomization approaches appear appropriate. Second, most of the drugs previously tested do not target HDL metabolism specifically so that the futile trials question the clinical utility of the investigated drugs rather than the causal role of HDL in ASCVD. Third, the cholesterol of HDL measured as HDL-C neither exerts nor reports any HDL function. Comprehensive knowledge of structure-function-disease relationships of HDL particles and associated molecules will be a pre-requisite, to test them for their physiological and pathogenic relevance and exploit them for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of individuals at HDL-associated risk of ASCVD but also other diseases, for example diabetes, chronic kidney disease, infections, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|