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Su R, Fu HL, Zhang QX, Wu CY, Yang GY, Wu JJ, Cao WJ, Liu J, Jiang ZP, Xu CJ, Rao Y, Huang L. Amplifying hepatic L-aspartate levels suppresses CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis by reversing glucocorticoid receptor β-mediated mitochondrial malfunction. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107294. [PMID: 38992851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a determinant-stage process of many chronic liver diseases and affected over 7.9 billion populations worldwide with increasing demands of ideal therapeutic agents. Discovery of active molecules with anti-hepatic fibrosis efficacies presents the most attacking filed. Here, we revealed that hepatic L-aspartate levels were decreased in CCl4-induced fibrotic mice. Instead, supplementation of L-aspartate orally alleviated typical manifestations of liver injury and fibrosis. These therapeutic efficacies were alongside improvements of mitochondrial adaptive oxidation. Notably, treatment with L-aspartate rebalanced hepatic cholesterol-steroid metabolism and reduced the levels of liver-impairing metabolites, including corticosterone (CORT). Mechanistically, L-aspartate treatment efficiently reversed CORT-mediated glucocorticoid receptor β (GRβ) signaling activation and subsequent transcriptional suppression of the mitochondrial genome by directly binding to the mitochondrial genome. Knockout of GRβ ameliorated corticosterone-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte damage which also weakened the improvements of L-aspartate in suppressing GRβ signaling. These data suggest that L-aspartate ameliorates hepatic fibrosis by suppressing GRβ signaling via rebalancing cholesterol-steroid metabolism, would be an ideal candidate for clinical liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Hui-Ling Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Qian-Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Chen-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Guan-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Wen-Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Cong-Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Yong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China.
| | - Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China.
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Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Czarzasta K, Bogacki-Rychlik W, Kowara M. The Interaction of Vasopressin with Hormones of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: The Significance for Therapeutic Strategies in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7394. [PMID: 39000501 PMCID: PMC11242374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that vasopressin (AVP) and steroid hormones are frequently secreted together and closely cooperate in the regulation of blood pressure, metabolism, water-electrolyte balance, and behavior, thereby securing survival and the comfort of life. Vasopressin cooperates with hormones of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) at several levels through regulation of the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and multiple steroid hormones, as well as through interactions with steroids in the target organs. These interactions are facilitated by positive and negative feedback between specific components of the HPA. Altogether, AVP and the HPA cooperate closely as a coordinated functional AVP-HPA system. It has been shown that cooperation between AVP and steroid hormones may be affected by cellular stress combined with hypoxia, and by metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory disorders; neurogenic stress; and inflammation. Growing evidence indicates that central and peripheral interactions between AVP and steroid hormones are reprogrammed in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and that these rearrangements exert either beneficial or harmful effects. The present review highlights specific mechanisms of the interactions between AVP and steroids at cellular and systemic levels and analyses the consequences of the inappropriate cooperation of various components of the AVP-HPA system for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Zhang N, Zhang P, Deng X, Zhu M, Hu Y, Ji D, Li L, Liu Y, Zeng W, Ke M. Protective Effect of Nicotinamide Riboside on Glucocorticoid-Induced Glaucoma: Mitigating Mitochondrial Damage and Extracellular Matrix Deposition. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:1. [PMID: 38949632 PMCID: PMC11221610 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.8.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma (GIG) is a prevalent complication associated with glucocorticoids (GCs), resulting in irreversible blindness. GIG is characterized by the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the trabecular meshwork (TM), elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR) on TM in GIG. Methods Primary human TM cells (pHTMs) and C57BL/6J mice responsive to GCs were utilized to establish in vitro and in vivo GIG models, respectively. The study assessed the expression of ECM-related proteins in TM and the functions of pHTMs to reflect the effects of NR. Mitochondrial morphology and function were also examined in the GIG cell model. GIG progression was monitored through IOP, RGCs, and mitochondrial morphology. Intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels of pHTMs were enzymatically assayed. Results NR significantly prevented the expression of ECM-related proteins and alleviated dysfunction in pHTMs after dexamethasone treatment. Importantly, NR protected damaged ATP synthesis, preventing overexpression of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and also protect against decreased mitochondrial membrane potential induced by GCs in vitro. In the GIG mouse model, NR partially prevented the elevation of IOP and the loss of RGCs. Furthermore, NR effectively suppressed the excessive expression of ECM-associated proteins and mitigated mitochondrial damage in vivo. Conclusions Based on the results, NR effectively enhances intracellular levels of NAD+, thereby mitigating abnormal ECM deposition and TM dysfunction in GIG by attenuating mitochondrial damage induced by GCs. Thus, NR has promising potential as a therapeutic candidate for GIG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xizhi Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongxiao Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huaihai Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Lufan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yagi H, Boeck M, Petrishka-Lozenska M, Lundgren P, Kasai T, Cagnone G, Wang C, Lee J, Tomita Y, Singh SA, Joyal JS, Aikawa M, Negishi K, Fu Z, Hellström A, Smith LEH. Timed topical dexamethasone eye drops improve mitochondrial function to prevent severe retinopathy of prematurity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4619093. [PMID: 38978601 PMCID: PMC11230485 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4619093/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Pathological neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can cause visual impairment in preterm infants. Current ROP treatments which are not preventative and only address late neovascular ROP, are costly and can lead to severe complications. We showed that topical 0.1% dexamethasone eye drops administered prior to peak neovessel formation prevented neovascularization in five extremely preterm infants at high risk for ROP and suppressed neovascularization by 30% in mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) modeling ROP. In contrast, in OIR, topical dexamethasone treatment before any neovessel formation had limited efficacy in preventing later neovascularization, while treatment after peak neovessel formation had a non-statistically significant trend to exacerbating disease. Optimally timed topical dexamethasone suppression of neovascularization in OIR was associated with increased retinal mitochondrial gene expression and decreased inflammatory marker expression, predominantly found in immune cells. Blocking mitochondrial ATP synthetase reversed the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on neovascularization in OIR. This study provides new insights into topical steroid effects in retinal neovascularization and into mitochondrial function in phase II ROP, and suggests a simple clinical approach to prevent severe ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gael Cagnone
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal
- Boston Children's Hospital
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Gutierrez-Noya VM, Gómez-Oliván LM, Orozco-Hernández JM, Rosales-Pérez KE, Casas-Hinojosa I, Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Gracía-Medina S, Galar-Martínez M, Orozco-Hernández LA. Eco-endocrinological dynamics: Unraveling dexamethasone's influence on the interrenal axis in juvenile carp Cyprinus carpio. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172947. [PMID: 38703837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the eco-endocrinological dynamics concerning the impact of dexamethasone (DXE) on the interrenal axis in juvenile carp, Cyprinus carpio. Through a comprehensive analysis, we investigated the effects of DXE exposure on oxidative stress, biochemical biomarkers, gene expression, and bioaccumulation within the interrenal axis. Results revealed a concentration-dependent escalation of cellular oxidation biomarkers, including 1) hydroperoxides content (HPC), 2) lipid peroxidation level (LPX), and 3) protein carbonyl content (PCC), indicative of heightened oxidative stress. Concurrently, the activity of critical antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), significantly increased, underscoring the organism's response to oxidative insult. Notable alterations were observed in biochemical biomarkers, particularly Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, with GGT displaying a significant decrease with increasing DXE concentrations. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of stress and inflammation response genes, as well as those associated with sensitivity to superoxide ion presence and calcium signaling, in response to DXE exposure. Furthermore, DXE demonstrated a concentration-dependent presence in interrenal tissue, with consistent bioconcentration factors observed across all concentrations tested. These findings shed light on the physiological and molecular responses of juvenile carp to DXE exposure, emphasizing the potential ecological implications of DXE contamination in aquatic environments. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for assessing the environmental impact of glucocorticoid pollutants and developing effective management strategies to mitigate their adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Margarita Gutierrez-Noya
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - José Manuel Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Karina Elisa Rosales-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Idalia Casas-Hinojosa
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gracía-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México, CP, 07700, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México, CP, 07700, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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Zhao X, Huang X, Huang C, Wang X, Yang Y, Dang R, Zhang S, Deng Y, Yan P, Zhou Y, Fan P, Cheng X. Study on the mechanism of glucocorticoid receptor mitochondrial translocation and glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38862214 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2366867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our research aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Tubastatin-A, a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mitochondrial translocation inhibitor, and mitoquinone (MitoQ), an antioxidant, on attenuating dexamethasone (DEX)-induced macrophage apoptosis. METHODS We treated RAW264.7 macrophages with different combinations of DEX and either Tubastatin-A or MitoQ. Parameters such as mitochondrial GR translocation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, cytochrome C efflux to the cytosol, and apoptosis were subsequently evaluated in the different treatment groups via qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS DEX intervention increased the translocation of GRs into the mitochondria, while reducing the expression of the mitochondrial gene MT-CO1 and the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV in macrophages. In addition, DEX administration increased mtROS levels, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and mitochondrial cytochrome C release in macrophages, which promoted their apoptosis. We found that Tubastatin-A inhibited mitochondrial GR translocation and reversed the DEX-induced increase in GR levels within the mitochondria. Furthermore, Tubastatin-A mitigated various mitochondrial changes induced by DEX, including reducing the efflux of mitochondrial cytochrome C and inhibiting macrophage apoptosis. Similarly, MitoQ exerted its effects on macrophage apoptosis by reducing mtROS levels through the mitochondrial pathway. CONCLUSIONS The DEX-mediated translocation of GR into mitochondria disrupts the mitochondrial function of macrophages, which induces their apoptosis. By inhibiting mitochondrial translocation of GR and reducing mtROS levels, Tubastatin-A and MitoQ can effectively attenuate macrophage apoptosis, which has clinical implications for reducing the notable side effects associated with glucocorticoid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinglan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caifeng Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingrong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Dang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuqiong Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Panyu Maternal And Child Care Service Centre Of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiye Zhou
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Cheng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Legroux TM, Schymik HS, Gasparoni G, Mohammadi S, Walter J, Libert C, Diesel B, Hoppstädter J, Kiemer AK. Immunomodulation by glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper in macrophages: enhanced phagocytosis, protection from pyroptosis, and altered mitochondrial function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1396827. [PMID: 38855102 PMCID: PMC11157436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, which have long served as fundamental therapeutics for diverse inflammatory conditions, are still widely used, despite associated side effects limiting their long-term use. Among their key mediators is glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), recognized for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Here, we explore the immunomodulatory effects of GILZ in macrophages through transcriptomic analysis and functional assays. Bulk RNA sequencing of GILZ knockout and GILZ-overexpressing macrophages revealed significant alterations in gene expression profiles, particularly impacting pathways associated with the inflammatory response, phagocytosis, cell death, mitochondrial function, and extracellular structure organization activity. GILZ-overexpression enhances phagocytic and antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, potentially mediated by increased nitric oxide production. In addition, GILZ protects macrophages from pyroptotic cell death, as indicated by a reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in GILZ transgenic macrophages. In contrast, GILZ KO macrophages produced more ROS, suggesting a regulatory role of GILZ in ROS-dependent pathways. Additionally, GILZ overexpression leads to decreased mitochondrial respiration and heightened matrix metalloproteinase activity, suggesting its involvement in tissue remodeling processes. These findings underscore the multifaceted role of GILZ in modulating macrophage functions and its potential as a therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders, offering insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at optimizing the benefits of glucocorticoid therapy while minimizing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry M. Legroux
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hanna S. Schymik
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claude Libert
- Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Britta Diesel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoppstädter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexandra K. Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Tong D, Chisholm J, Madden B, Ahmed M. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:167. [PMID: 38594735 PMCID: PMC11005263 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a rare condition that usually presents in young individuals and is associated with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-translocation. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of an 18-year-old Caucasian man with ALK-translocated pulmonary IMT treated with multimodality therapy. The patient presented with breathlessness and was found to have a collapsed left lung. Further investigations revealed an ALK-translocated pulmonary IMT. This is usually treated with an ALK-inhibitor but patient declined after discussing potential side-effects and had repeated rigid bronchoscopic interventions for local disease control. Due to persistent local recurrence, patient received radical external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with pulse steroids, and one year later started on Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Following multimodality treatment, he developed a complete response. He remains treatment-free for the past seven years. Eleven years on from his diagnosis, he remains in remission with a ECOG performance status of zero. CONCLUSIONS Achieving long-term local control in pulmonary IMT can be challenging. Multimodality treatment is sometimes needed but the overall outlook remains good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tong
- Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK.
| | - Julia Chisholm
- Children and Young People's Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Brendan Madden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Medicine, St Georges Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Merina Ahmed
- Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
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9
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Li CL, Liu JF, Liu SF. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Unraveling the Molecular Nexus. Biomedicines 2024; 12:814. [PMID: 38672169 PMCID: PMC11048013 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent and debilitating respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. In recent years, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in COPD pathogenesis has emerged as a focal point of investigation. This review endeavors to unravel the molecular nexus between mitochondrial dysfunction and COPD, delving into the intricate interplay of oxidative stress, bioenergetic impairment, mitochondrial genetics, and downstream cellular consequences. Oxidative stress, a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, is explored as a driving force behind inflammation, exacerbating the intricate cascade of events leading to COPD progression. Bioenergetic impairment sheds light on the systemic consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction, impacting cellular functions and contributing to the overall energy imbalance observed in COPD patients. This review navigates through the genetic landscape, elucidating the role of mitochondrial DNA mutations, variations, and haplogroups in COPD susceptibility and severity. Cellular consequences, including apoptosis, autophagy, and cellular senescence, are examined, providing insights into the intricate mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction influences COPD pathology. Therapeutic implications, spanning antioxidant strategies, mitochondria-targeted compounds, and lifestyle modifications, are discussed in the context of translational research. Important future directions include identifying novel biomarkers, advancing mitochondria-targeted therapies, and embracing patient-centric approaches to redefine COPD management. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of our review, offering a roadmap for understanding and addressing the molecular nexus between mitochondrial dysfunction and COPD, with potential implications for precision medicine and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ling Li
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty M, Chanda A, Alqahtani T, Kumer A, Dhara B, Chattopadhyay M. Neuroendocrine and cellular mechanisms in stress resilience: From hormonal influence in the CNS to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18220. [PMID: 38509751 PMCID: PMC10955164 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in neuroendocrinology challenge the long-held belief that hormonal effects are confined to perivascular tissues and do not extend to the central nervous system (CNS). This paradigm shift, propelled by groundbreaking research, reveals that synthetic hormones, notably in anti-inflammatory medications, significantly influence steroid psychosis, behavioural, and cognitive impairments, as well as neuropeptide functions. A seminal development in this field occurred in 1968 with McEven's proposal that rodent brains are responsive to glucocorticoids, fundamentally altering the understanding of how anxiety impacts CNS functionality and leading to the identification of glucocorticosteroids and mineralocorticoids as distinct corticotropic receptors. This paper focuses on the intricate roles of the neuroendocrine, immunological, and CNS in fostering stress resilience, underscored by recent animal model studies. These studies highlight active, compensatory, and passive strategies for resilience, supporting the concept that anxiety and depression are systemic disorders involving dysregulation across both peripheral and central systems. Resilience is conceptualized as a multifaceted process that enhances psychological adaptability to stress through adaptive mechanisms within the immunological system, brain, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and ANS Axis. Furthermore, the paper explores oxidative stress, particularly its origin from the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. The mitochondria's role extends beyond ATP production, encompassing lipid, heme, purine, and steroidogenesis synthesis. ROS-induced damage to biomolecules can lead to significant mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis, emphasizing the critical nature of mitochondrial health in overall cellular function and stress resilience. This comprehensive synthesis of neuroendocrinological and cellular biological research offers new insights into the systemic complexity of stress-related disorders and the imperative for multidisciplinary approaches in their study and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Bhattacharya
- Department of PharmacologyCalcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and AHSUluberiaWest BengalIndia
| | - Manas Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCalcutta institute of pharmaceutical technology and AHSUluberiaWest BengalIndia
| | - Ananya Chanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical ScienceAdamas UniversityBarasatWest BengalIndia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
| | - Ajoy Kumer
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Arts and Sciences, IUBAT‐International University of Business Agriculture and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
| | - Bikram Dhara
- Center for Global Health ResearchSaveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiIndia
- Department of Health SciencesNovel Global Community and Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Moitreyee Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMaulana Abul Kalam Azad University of TechnologyKolkataWest BengalIndia
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11
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Ma Z, Sun J, Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Jiang H, Sun P, Feng W. Identification and analysis of mitochondria-related central genes in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, along with drug prediction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1341366. [PMID: 38384969 PMCID: PMC10879930 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1341366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a refractory orthopedic hip joint disease that primarily affects middle-aged and young individuals. SONFH may be caused by ischemia and hypoxia of the femoral head, where mitochondria play a crucial role in oxidative reactions. Currently, there is limited literature on whether mitochondria are involved in the progression of SONFH. Here, we aim to identify and validate key potential mitochondrial-related genes in SONFH through bioinformatics analysis. This study aims to provide initial evidence that mitochondria play a role in the progression of SONFH and further elucidate the mechanisms of mitochondria in SONFH. Methods The GSE123568 mRNA expression profile dataset includes 10 non-SONFH (non-steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head) samples and 30 SONFH samples. The GSE74089 mRNA expression profile dataset includes 4 healthy samples and 4 samples with ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. Both datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The mitochondrial-related genes are derived from MitoCarta3.0, which includes data for all 1136 human genes with high confidence in mitochondrial localization based on integrated proteomics, computational, and microscopy approaches. By intersecting the GSE123568 and GSE74089 datasets with a set of mitochondrial-related genes, we screened for mitochondrial-related genes involved in SONFH. Subsequently, we used the good Samples Genes method in R language to remove outlier genes and samples in the GSE123568 dataset. We further used WGCNA to construct a scale-free co-expression network and selected the hub gene set with the highest connectivity. We then intersected this gene set with the previously identified mitochondrial-related genes to select the genes with the highest correlation. A total of 7 mitochondrial-related genes were selected. Next, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis on the selected mitochondrial-related genes using R software. Furthermore, we performed protein network analysis on the differentially expressed proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genes using STRING. We used the GSEA software to group the genes within the gene set in the GSE123568 dataset based on their coordinated changes and evaluate their impact on phenotype changes. Subsequently, we grouped the samples based on the 7 selected mitochondrial-related genes using R software and observed the differences in immune cell infiltration between the groups. Finally, we evaluated the prognostic significance of these features in the two datasets, consisting of a total of 48 samples, by integrating disease status and the 7 gene features using the cox method in the survival R package. We performed ROC analysis using the roc function in the pROC package and evaluated the AUC and confidence intervals using the ci function to obtain the final AUC results. Results Identification and analysis of 7 intersecting DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were obtained among peripheral blood, cartilage samples, hub genes, and mitochondrial-related genes. These 7 DEGs include FTH1, LACTB, PDK3, RAB5IF, SOD2, and SQOR, all of which are upregulated genes with no intersection in the downregulated gene set. Subsequently, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated DEGs are primarily involved in processes such as oxidative stress, release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial metabolism, p53 signaling pathway, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. GSEA also revealed enriched pathways associated with hub genes. Finally, the diagnostic value of these key genes for hormone-related ischemic necrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) was confirmed using ROC curves. Conclusion BID, FTH1, LACTB, PDK3, RAB5IF, SOD2, and SQOR may serve as potential diagnostic mitochondrial-related biomarkers for SONFH. Additionally, they hold research value in investigating the involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheru Ma
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
| | - Haozhuo Jiang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
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12
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Blalock ZN, Wu GWY, Lindqvist D, Trumpff C, Flory JD, Lin J, Reus VI, Rampersaud R, Hammamieh R, Gautam A, Doyle FJ, Marmar CR, Jett M, Yehuda R, Wolkowitz OM, Mellon SH. Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA levels and glucocorticoid sensitivity in a cohort of male veterans with and without combat-related PTSD. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:22. [PMID: 38200001 PMCID: PMC10781666 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is a biomarker of cellular injury or cellular stress and is a potential novel biomarker of psychological stress and of various brain, somatic, and psychiatric disorders. No studies have yet analyzed ccf-mtDNA levels in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), despite evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in this condition. In the current study, we compared plasma ccf-mtDNA levels in combat trauma-exposed male veterans with PTSD (n = 111) with those who did not develop PTSD (n = 121) and also investigated the relationship between ccf mt-DNA levels and glucocorticoid sensitivity. In unadjusted analyses, ccf-mtDNA levels did not differ significantly between the PTSD and non-PTSD groups (t = 1.312, p = 0.191, Cohen's d = 0.172). In a sensitivity analysis excluding participants with diabetes and those using antidepressant medication and controlling for age, the PTSD group had lower ccf-mtDNA levels than did the non-PTSD group (F(1, 179) = 5.971, p = 0.016, partial η2 = 0.033). Across the entire sample, ccf-mtDNA levels were negatively correlated with post-dexamethasone adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decline (r = -0.171, p = 0.020) and cortisol decline (r = -0.149, p = 0.034) (viz., greater ACTH and cortisol suppression was associated with lower ccf-mtDNA levels) both with and without controlling for age, antidepressant status and diabetes status. Ccf-mtDNA levels were also significantly positively associated with IC50-DEX (the concentration of dexamethasone at which 50% of lysozyme activity is inhibited), a measure of lymphocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity, after controlling for age, antidepressant status, and diabetes status (β = 0.142, p = 0.038), suggesting that increased lymphocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity is associated with lower ccf-mtDNA levels. Although no overall group differences were found in unadjusted analyses, excluding subjects with diabetes and those taking antidepressants, which may affect ccf-mtDNA levels, as well as controlling for age, revealed decreased ccf-mtDNA levels in PTSD. In both adjusted and unadjusted analyses, low ccf-mtDNA levels were associated with relatively increased glucocorticoid sensitivity, often reported in PTSD, suggesting a link between mitochondrial and glucocorticoid-related abnormalities in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N Blalock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gwyneth W Y Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Janine D Flory
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Rampersaud
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francis J Doyle
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles R Marmar
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marti Jett
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Li C, Chen L, Li Y, Li M, Zhang X, Cui L, Sun Y, Song X. Cortisol Sensitizes Cochlear Hair Cells to Gentamicin Ototoxicity Via Endogenous Apoptotic Pathway. Otol Neurotol 2024; 45:e49-e56. [PMID: 38085767 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000004074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of aminoglycosides is a prevalent cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Patients receiving aminoglycosides usually have elevated levels of circulating stress hormones due to disease or physiological stress; however, whether the stress hormone cortisol impacts aminoglycoside-mediated injury of cochlear hair cells has not been fully investigated. METHODS House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells with or without cortisol pretreatment were exposed to gentamicin, we investigated the effect of cortisol pretreatment on gentamicin ototoxicity by assessing cell viability. Molecular pathogenesis was explored by detecting apoptosis and oxidative stress. Meanwhile, by inhibiting glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR), the potential roles of receptor types in cortisol-mediated sensitization were evaluated. RESULTS Cortisol concentrations below 75 μmol/l did not affect cell viability. However, pretreatment with 50 μmol/l cortisol for 24 hours sensitized hair cells to gentamicin-induced apoptosis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that cortisol significantly increased hair cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, and altered apoptosis-related protein expressions induced by gentamicin. In addition, blockade of either GR or MR attenuated cortisol-induced hair cell sensitization to gentamicin toxicity. CONCLUSION Cortisol pretreatment increased mammalian hair cell susceptibility to gentamicin toxicity. Sensitization was related to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species. Cortisol may exacerbate aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
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Liu X, Zhang X, Zhao L, Long J, Feng Z, Su J, Gao F, Liu J. Mitochondria as a sensor, a central hub and a biological clock in psychological stress-accelerated aging. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102145. [PMID: 38030089 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The theory that oxidative damage caused by mitochondrial free radicals leads to aging has brought mitochondria into the forefront of aging research. Psychological stress that encompasses many different experiences and exposures across the lifespan has been identified as a catalyst for accelerated aging. Mitochondria, known for their dynamic nature and adaptability, function as a highly sensitive stress sensor and central hub in the process of accelerated aging. In this review, we explore how mitochondria as sensors respond to psychological stress and contribute to the molecular processes in accelerated aging by viewing mitochondria as hormonal, mechanosensitive and immune suborganelles. This understanding of the key role played by mitochondria and their close association with accelerated aging helps us to distinguish normal aging from accelerated aging, correct misconceptions in aging studies, and develop strategies such as exercise and mitochondria-targeted nutrients and drugs for slowing down accelerated aging, and also hold promise for prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyun Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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15
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Yang M, Mao L, Yang X, Xu X, Tang C, Wei W, Chen J. Ginsenoside compound K exerts anti-inflammatory effects through transcriptional activation and transcriptional inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111080. [PMID: 37883815 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside compound K (GCK) has anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects, and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been considered as its potential target. But the mechanism by which GCK exerts its anti-inflammatory effects after GR activation remains unclear. In this study, molecular docking, isothermal titration calorimetry, siRNA of GR and GRA458T mutation were used to confirm the anti-inflammatory mechanism of GCK targeting GR in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). The results showed that the key binding sites of GR and GCK were identified as ASN564, MET560 and ASN638, with binding levels at the μm level. In addition, the inhibitory effect of GCK on the proliferation of FLS and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β) were mediated by transcriptional activation of GR, but on the migration, invasion, and TNF-α secretion of FLS were mediated by transcriptional inhibition of GR. These actions exert anti-inflammatory effects through indirect and direct inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity, respectively. In conclusion, this study elucidates that GCK can directly bind to and activate GR. Furthermore, after activation, GR mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of GCK through two mechanisms: transcriptional activation and transcriptional inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lijuan Mao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xingyue Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiujin Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Caihong Tang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Mazaira GI, Erlejman AG, Zgajnar NR, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Galigniana MD. The transportosome system as a model for the retrotransport of soluble proteins. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 577:112047. [PMID: 37604241 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The classic model of action of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sustains that its associated heat-shock protein of 90-kDa (HSP90) favours the cytoplasmic retention of the unliganded GR, whereas the binding of steroid triggers the dissociation of HSP90 allowing the passive nuclear accumulation of GR. In recent years, it was described a molecular machinery called transportosome that is responsible for the active retrograde transport of GR. The transportosome heterocomplex includes a dimer of HSP90, the stabilizer co-chaperone p23, and FKBP52 (FK506-binding protein of 52-kDa), an immunophilin that binds dynein/dynactin motor proteins. The model shows that upon steroid binding, FKBP52 is recruited to the GR allowing its active retrograde transport on cytoskeletal tracks. Then, the entire GR heterocomplex translocates through the nuclear pore complex. The HSP90-based heterocomplex is released in the nucleoplasm followed by receptor dimerization. Subsequent findings demonstrated that the transportosome is also responsible for the retrotransport of other soluble proteins. Importantly, the disruption of this molecular oligomer leads to several diseases. In this article, we discuss the relevance of this transport machinery in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela I Mazaira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Alejandra G Erlejman
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Nadia R Zgajnar
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | | | - Mario D Galigniana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina.
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Marquez-Acevedo AS, Hood WR, Collier RJ, Skibiel AL. Graduate Student Literature Review: Mitochondrial response to heat stress and its implications on dairy cattle bioenergetics, metabolism, and production. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7295-7309. [PMID: 37210354 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The dairy industry depends upon the cow's successful lactation for economic profitability. Heat stress compromises the economic sustainability of the dairy industry by reducing milk production and increasing the risk of metabolic and pathogenic disease. Heat stress alters metabolic adaptations, such as nutrient mobilization and partitioning, that support the energetic demands of lactation. Metabolically inflexible cows are unable to enlist the necessary homeorhetic shifts that provide the needed nutrients and energy for milk synthesis, thereby impairing lactation performance. Mitochondria provide the energetic foundation that enable a myriad of metabolically demanding processes, such as lactation. Changes in an animal's energy requirements are met at the cellular level through alterations in mitochondrial density and bioenergetic capacity. Mitochondria also act as central stress modulators and coordinate tissues' energetic responses to stress by integrating endocrine signals, through mito-nuclear communication, into the cellular stress response. In vitro heat insults affect mitochondria through a compromise in mitochondrial integrity, which is linked to a decrease in mitochondrial function. However, limited evidence exists linking the in vivo metabolic effects of heat stress with parameters of mitochondrial behavior and function in lactating animals. This review summarizes the literature describing the cellular and subcellular effects of heat stress, with a focus on the effect of heat stress on mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular dysfunction in livestock. Implications for lactation performance and metabolic health are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Marquez-Acevedo
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844.
| | - W R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - R J Collier
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
| | - A L Skibiel
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
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Korewo-Labelle D, Karnia MJ, Myślińska D, Kaczor JJ. Supplementation with Vitamin D 3 Protects against Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Loss of BDNF-Mediated Akt Activity in the Hippocampus during Long-Term Dexamethasone Treatment in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13941. [PMID: 37762245 PMCID: PMC10530487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEXA) is a commonly used steroid drug with immunosuppressive and analgesic properties. Unfortunately, long-term exposure to DEXA severely impairs brain function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation during chronic DEXA treatment on neurogenesis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, protein levels involved in the BDNF-mediated Akt activity, and specific receptors in the hippocampus. We found reduced serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), downregulated proBDNF and pAkt, dysregulated glucocorticosteroid and mineralocorticoid receptors, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, and dysfunctional mitochondria energy metabolism in the DEXA-treated group. In contrast, supplementation with vitamin D3 restored the 25(OH)D3 concentration to a value close to that of the control group. There was an elevation in neurotrophic factor protein level, along with augmented activity of pAkt and increased citrate synthase activity in the hippocampus after vitamin D3 administration in long-term DEXA-treated rats. Our findings demonstrate that vitamin D3 supplementation plays a protective role in the hippocampus and partially mitigates the deleterious effects of long-term DEXA administration. The association between serum 25(OH)D3 concentration and BDNF level in the hippocampus indicates the importance of applying vitamin D3 supplementation to prevent and treat pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (D.K.-L.); (M.J.K.); (D.M.)
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Zimmerman JA, Fang M, Pufall MA. PI3Kδ inhibition potentiates glucocorticoids in B-lymphoblastic leukemia by decreasing receptor phosphorylation and enhancing gene regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.527869. [PMID: 36798391 PMCID: PMC9934697 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.527869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone and prednisone, are the cornerstone of B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) therapy. Because response to glucocorticoids alone predicts overall outcomes for B-ALL, enhancing glucocorticoid potency is a route to improving outcomes. However, systematic toxicities prevent the use of higher dose and more potent glucocorticoids. We therefore took a functional genomic approach to identify targets to enhance glucocorticoid activity specifically in B-ALL cells. Here we show that inhibition of the lymphoid-restricted PI3Kδ, signaling through the RAS/MAPK pathway, enhances both prednisone and dexamethasone activity in almost all ex vivo B-ALL specimens tested. This potentiation is most synergistic at sub-saturating doses of glucocorticoids, approaching the EC50. Potentiation correlates with global enhancement of glucocorticoid-induced gene regulation, including regulation of effector genes that drive B-ALL cell death. Idelalisib reduces phosphorylation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) at MAPK1/ERK2 targets S203 and S226, and ablation of these phospho-acceptor sites enhances glucocorticoid potency. We further show that phosphorylation of S226 reduces the affinity of GR for DNA in vitro, which impairs DNA binding. We therefore propose that PI3Kδ inhibition improves glucocorticoid efficacy in B-ALL in part by decreasing GR phosphorylation, increasing DNA binding affinity, and enhancing downstream gene regulation. The overall enhancement of GR function suggests that idelalisib will provide benefit to most patients with B-ALL by improving outcomes for patients whose disease is less responsive to glucocorticoid-based therapy, including high-risk disease, and allowing less toxic glucocorticoid-sparing strategies for patients with standard-risk disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A.O. Zimmerman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mimi Fang
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Miles A. Pufall
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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20
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Nicolaides NC, Chrousos GP. The human glucocorticoid receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:417-438. [PMID: 37717993 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are members of steroid hormones that are biosynthesized in the intermediate cellular zone of the adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata) and released into the peripheral blood as final products of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as well as under the control of the circadian biologic system. These molecules regulate every physiologic function of the organism as they bind to an almost ubiquitous hormone-activated transcription factor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which influences the rate of transcription of a huge number of target genes amounting to up to 20% of the mammalian genome. The evolving progress of cellular, molecular and computational-structural biology and the implication of epigenetics in every-day clinical practice have enabled us a deeper and ever-increasing understanding of how target tissues respond to natural and synthetic glucocorticoids. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge on the structure, expression, function and signaling of the human glucocorticoid receptor in normal and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | - George P Chrousos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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21
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Nicolaides NC, Chrousos GP. Glucocorticoid Signaling Pathway: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11030. [PMID: 37446208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids were named by Hans Hugo Bruno Selye, the modern father of stress concepts, for their important role in glucose metabolism [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus
| | - George P Chrousos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
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22
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Melis MJ, Miller M, Peters VBM, Singer M. The role of hormones in sepsis: an integrated overview with a focus on mitochondrial and immune cell dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:707-725. [PMID: 37144447 PMCID: PMC10167421 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection that results in life-threatening organ dysfunction. Virtually every body system can be affected by this syndrome to greater or lesser extents. Gene transcription and downstream pathways are either up- or downregulated, albeit with considerable fluctuation over the course of the patient's illness. This multi-system complexity contributes to a pathophysiology that remains to be fully elucidated. Consequentially, little progress has been made to date in developing new outcome-improving therapeutics. Endocrine alterations are well characterised in sepsis with variations in circulating blood levels and/or receptor resistance. However, little attention has been paid to an integrated view of how these hormonal changes impact upon the development of organ dysfunction and recovery. Here, we present a narrative review describing the impact of the altered endocrine system on mitochondrial dysfunction and immune suppression, two interlinked and key aspects of sepsis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Melis
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Muska Miller
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vera B M Peters
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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23
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Nikolic A, Fahlbusch P, Wahlers N, Riffelmann NK, Jacob S, Hartwig S, Kettel U, Dille M, Al-Hasani H, Kotzka J, Knebel B. Chronic stress targets mitochondrial respiratory efficiency in the skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:108. [PMID: 36988756 PMCID: PMC10060325 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Episodes of chronic stress can result in psychic disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder, but also promote the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize that muscle, as main regulator of whole-body energy expenditure, is a central target of acute and adaptive molecular effects of stress in this context. Here, we investigate the immediate effect of a stress period on energy metabolism in Musculus gastrocnemius in our established C57BL/6 chronic variable stress (Cvs) mouse model. Cvs decreased lean body mass despite increased energy intake, reduced circadian energy expenditure (EE), and substrate utilization. Cvs altered the proteome of metabolic components but not of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), or other mitochondrial structural components. Functionally, Cvs impaired the electron transport chain (ETC) capacity of complex I and complex II, and reduces respiratory capacity of the ETC from complex I to ATP synthase. Complex I-OXPHOS correlated to diurnal EE and complex II-maximal uncoupled respiration correlated to diurnal and reduced nocturnal EE. Bioenergetics assessment revealed higher optimal thermodynamic efficiencies (ƞ-opt) of mitochondria via complex II after Cvs. Interestingly, transcriptome and methylome were unaffected by Cvs, thus excluding major contributions to supposed metabolic adaptation processes. In summary, the preclinical Cvs model shows that metabolic pressure by Cvs is initially compensated by adaptation of mitochondria function associated with high thermodynamic efficiency and decreased EE to manage the energy balance. This counter-regulation of mitochondrial complex II may be the driving force to longitudinal metabolic changes of muscle physiological adaptation as the basis of stress memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nikolic
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Pia Fahlbusch
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Natalie Wahlers
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nele-Kathrien Riffelmann
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sylvia Jacob
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kettel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Dille
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Knebel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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24
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Bassil K, Krontira AC, Leroy T, Escoto AIH, Snijders C, Pernia CD, Pasterkamp RJ, de Nijs L, van den Hove D, Kenis G, Boks MP, Vadodaria K, Daskalakis NP, Binder EB, Rutten BPF. In vitro modeling of the neurobiological effects of glucocorticoids: A review. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 23:100530. [PMID: 36891528 PMCID: PMC9986648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA)axis dysregulation has long been implicated in stress-related disorders such as major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are released from the adrenal glands as a result of HPA-axis activation. The release of GCs is implicated with several neurobiological changes that are associated with negative consequences of chronic stress and the onset and course of psychiatric disorders. Investigating the underlying neurobiological effects of GCs may help to better understand the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders. GCs impact a plethora of neuronal processes at the genetic, epigenetic, cellular, and molecular levels. Given the scarcity and difficulty in accessing human brain samples, 2D and 3D in vitro neuronal cultures are becoming increasingly useful in studying GC effects. In this review, we provide an overview of in vitro studies investigating the effects of GCs on key neuronal processes such as proliferation and survival of progenitor cells, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, neuronal activity, inflammation, genetic vulnerability, and epigenetic alterations. Finally, we discuss the challenges in the field and offer suggestions for improving the use of in vitro models to investigate GC effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bassil
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anthi C Krontira
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Leroy
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alana I H Escoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Snijders
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Cameron D Pernia
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laurence de Nijs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco P Boks
- Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Krishna Vadodaria
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, United States
| | | | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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25
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Zgajnar N, Lagadari M, Gallo LI, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Galigniana MD. Mitochondrial-nuclear communication by FKBP51 shuttling. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 36815347 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The HSP90-binding immunophilin FKBP51 is a soluble protein that shows high homology and structural similarity with FKBP52. Both immunophilins are functionally divergent and often show antagonistic actions. They were first described in steroid receptor complexes, their exchange in the complex being the earliest known event in steroid receptor activation upon ligand binding. In addition to steroid-related events, several pleiotropic actions of FKBP51 have emerged during the last years, ranging from cell differentiation and apoptosis to metabolic and psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, mitochondria play vital cellular roles in maintaining energy homeostasis, responding to stress conditions, and affecting cell cycle regulation, calcium signaling, redox homeostasis, and so forth. This is achieved by proteins that are encoded in both the nuclear genome and mitochondrial genes. This implies active nuclear-mitochondrial communication to maintain cell homeostasis. Such communication involves factors that regulate nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression affecting the synthesis and recruitment of mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial proteins, and/or changes in the functional state of the mitochondria itself, which enable mitochondria to recover from stress. FKBP51 has emerged as a serious candidate to participate in these regulatory roles since it has been unexpectedly found in mitochondria showing antiapoptotic effects. Such localization involves the tetratricopeptide repeats domains of the immunophilin and not its intrinsic enzymatic activity of peptidylprolyl-isomerase. Importantly, FKBP51 abandons the mitochondria and accumulates in the nucleus upon cell differentiation or during the onset of stress. Nuclear FKBP51 enhances the enzymatic activity of telomerase. The mitochondrial-nuclear trafficking is reversible, and certain situations such as viral infections promote the opposite trafficking, that is, FKBP51 abandons the nucleus and accumulates in mitochondria. In this article, we review the latest findings related to the mitochondrial-nuclear communication mediated by FKBP51 and speculate about the possible implications of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Zgajnar
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Lagadari
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
| | - Luciana I Gallo
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFYBYNE)/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mario D Galigniana
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Karra AG, Tsialtas I, Kalousi FD, Georgantopoulos A, Sereti E, Dimas K, Psarra AMG. Increased Expression of the Mitochondrial Glucocorticoid Receptor Enhances Tumor Aggressiveness in a Mouse Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043740. [PMID: 36835152 PMCID: PMC9966287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles for cellular physiology as they generate most of the energy requirements of the cell and orchestrate many biological functions. Dysregulation of mitochondrial function is associated with many pathological conditions, including cancer development. Mitochondrial glucocorticoid receptor (mtGR) is proposed as a crucial regulator of mitochondrial functions via its direct involvement in the regulation of mitochondrial transcription, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), enzymes biosynthesis, energy production, mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, and regulation of oxidative stress. Moreover, recent observations revealed the interaction of mtGR with the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), a key player in the metabolic switch observed in cancer, indicating direct involvement of mtGR in cancer development. In this study, by using a xenograft mouse model of mtGR-overexpressing hepatocarcinoma cells, we showed increased mtGR-associated tumor growth, which is accompanied by reduced OXPHOS biosynthesis, reduction in PDH activity, and alterations in the Krebs cycle and glucose metabolism, metabolic alterations similar to those observed in the Warburg effect. Moreover, autophagy activation is observed in mtGR-associated tumors, which further support tumor progression via increased precursors availability. Thus, we propose that increased mitochondrial localization of mtGR is associated with tumor progression possible via mtGR/PDH interaction, which could lead to suppression of PDH activity and modulation of mtGR-induced mitochondrial transcription that ends up in reduced OXPHOS biosynthesis and reduced oxidative phosphorylation versus glycolytic pathway energy production, in favor of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini G. Karra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsialtas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Foteini D. Kalousi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Achilleas Georgantopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Evangelia Sereti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dimas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna-Maria G. Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-24-1056-5221; Fax: +30-24-1056-5290
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27
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Gu G, Hou D, Jiao G, Wu W, Zhou H, Wang H, Chen Y. Ortho-silicic Acid Plays a Protective Role in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis via the Akt/Bad Signal Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:843-855. [PMID: 35314965 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) has been the most common form of secondary osteoporosis. Glucocorticoids (GCs) can induce osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis. Plenty of research has verified that silicon intake would positively affect bone. However, the effects of silicon on GIOP are not investigated. In this study, we assessed the impact of ortho-silicic acid (OSA) on Dex-induced apoptosis of osteocytes by cell apoptosis assays. The apoptosis-related genes, cleaved-caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax, were detected by western blotting. Then, we evaluated the possible role of OSA on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis with Dex using Alizarin red staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. We also detected the related genes by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. We then established the GIOP mouse model to evaluate the potential role of OSA in vivo. We found that OSA showed no cytotoxic on osteocytes below 50 μM and prevented MLO-Y4 from Dex-induced apoptosis. We also found that OSA promoted osteogenesis and inhibited osteoclastogenesis with Dex. OSA had a protective effect on GIOP mice via the Akt signal pathway in vivo. In the end, we verified the Akt/Bad signal pathway in vitro, which showed the same results. Our finding demonstrated that OSA could protect osteocytes from apoptosis induced by GCs both in vitro and in vivo. Also, it promoted osteogenesis and inhibited osteoclastogenesis with the exitance of Dex. In conclusion, OSA has the potential value as a therapeutic agent for GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Gu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dehui Hou
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guangjun Jiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongming Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunzhen Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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28
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Olivas-Aguirre M, Pérez-Chávez J, Torres-López L, Hernández-Cruz A, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Dexamethasone-Induced Fatty Acid Oxidation and Autophagy/Mitophagy Are Essential for T-ALL Glucocorticoid Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020445. [PMID: 36672393 PMCID: PMC9856638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ALL is a highly aggressive subtype of leukemia that affects children and adults. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a critical component of the chemotherapeutic strategy against T-ALL. Cases of resistance to GC therapy and recurrent disease require novel strategies to overcome them. The present study analyzed the effects of Dex, one of the main GCs used in ALL treatment, on two T-ALL cell lines: resistant Jurkat and unselected CCRF-CEM, representing a mixture of sensitive and resistant clones. In addition to nuclear targeting, we observed a massive accumulation of Dex in mitochondria. Dex-treated leukemic cells suffered metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis and glutaminolysis towards lipolysis and increased FAO, along with increased membrane polarization and ROS production. Dex provoked mitochondrial fragmentation and induced autophagy/mitophagy. Mitophagy preceded cell death in susceptible populations of CCRF-CEM cells while serving as a pro-survival mechanism in resistant Jurkat. Accordingly, preventing FAO or autophagy greatly increased the Dex cytotoxicity and overcame GC resistance. Dex acted synergistically with mitochondria-targeted drugs, curcumin, and cannabidiol. Collectively, our data suggest that GCs treatment should not be neglected even in apparently GC-resistant clinical cases. Co-administration of drugs targeting mitochondria, FAO, or autophagy can help to overcome GC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunology and Ionic Transport Regulation, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, Villas de San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - Jesús Pérez-Chávez
- Medicine Faculty, University of Colima, Av. Universidad #333, Las Víboras, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Liliana Torres-López
- Laboratory of Immunology and Ionic Transport Regulation, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, Villas de San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - Arturo Hernández-Cruz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and National Laboratory of Channelopathies (LaNCa), Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Ionic Transport Regulation, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, Villas de San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Mexico
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (O.D.); Tel.: +52-312-316-1000 (I.P. & O.D.)
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunology and Ionic Transport Regulation, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, Villas de San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Mexico
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (O.D.); Tel.: +52-312-316-1000 (I.P. & O.D.)
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Ji N, Lei M, Chen Y, Tian S, Li C, Zhang B. How Oxidative Stress Induces Depression? ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231181037. [PMID: 37331994 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231181037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression increasingly affects a wide range and a large number of people worldwide, both physically and psychologically, which makes it a social problem requiring prompt attention and management. Accumulating clinical and animal studies have provided us with substantial insights of disease pathogenesis, especially central monoamine deficiency, which considerably promotes antidepressant research and clinical treatment. The first-line antidepressants mainly target the monoamine system, whose drawbacks mainly include slow action and treatment resistant. The novel antidepressant esketamine, targeting on central glutamatergic system, rapidly and robustly alleviates depression (including treatment-resistant depression), whose efficiency is shadowed by potential addictive and psychotomimetic side effects. Thus, exploring novel depression pathogenesis is necessary, for seeking more safe and effective therapeutic methods. Emerging evidence has revealed vital involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in depression, which inspires us to pursue antioxidant pathway for depression prevention and treatment. Fully uncovering the underlying mechanisms of OS-induced depression is the first step towards the avenue, thus we summarize and expound possible downstream pathways of OS, including mitochondrial impairment and related ATP deficiency, neuroinflammation, central glutamate excitotoxicity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B dysfunction and serotonin deficiency, the microbiota-gut-brain axis disturbance and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis dysregulation. We also elaborate on the intricate interactions between the multiple aspects, and molecular mechanisms mediating the interplay. Through reviewing the related research progress in the field, we hope to depict an integral overview of how OS induces depression, in order to provide fresh ideas and novel targets for the final goal of efficient treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ji
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Lei
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Yating Chen
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Shaowen Tian
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanyu Li
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
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Mitre-Aguilar IB, Moreno-Mitre D, Melendez-Zajgla J, Maldonado V, Jacobo-Herrera NJ, Ramirez-Gonzalez V, Mendoza-Almanza G. The Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer Therapy. Curr Oncol 2022; 30:298-314. [PMID: 36661673 PMCID: PMC9858160 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive steroid molecules secreted by the adrenal gland and regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. GCs present a circadian release pattern under normal conditions; they increase their release under stress conditions. Their mechanism of action can be via the receptor-independent or receptor-dependent pathway. The receptor-dependent pathway translocates to the nucleus, where the ligand-receptor complex binds to specific sequences in the DNA to modulate the transcription of specific genes. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its endogenous ligand cortisol (CORT) in humans, and corticosterone in rodents or its exogenous ligand, dexamethasone (DEX), have been extensively studied in breast cancer. Its clinical utility in oncology has mainly focused on using DEX as an antiemetic to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In this review, we compile the results reported in the literature in recent years, highlighting current trends and unresolved controversies in this field. Specifically, in breast cancer, GR is considered a marker of poor prognosis, and a therapeutic target for the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, and efforts are being made to develop better GR antagonists with fewer side effects. It is necessary to know the type of breast cancer to differentiate the treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, ER-negative, and TNBC, to implement therapies that include the use of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma B. Mitre-Aguilar
- Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Moreno-Mitre
- Centro de Desarrollo de Destrezas Médicas (CEDDEM), Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Laboratorio de Genomica Funcional del Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Vilma Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Epigenetica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Nadia J. Jacobo-Herrera
- Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Victoria Ramirez-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Cirugía-Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gretel Mendoza-Almanza
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Epigenetica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
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Leaves of Cedrela sinensis Attenuate Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression-like Behavior via Regulation of Hormonal and Inflammatory Imbalance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122448. [PMID: 36552656 PMCID: PMC9774296 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of ethyl acetate fraction from Cedrela sinensis (EFCS) against chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced behavioral dysfunction and stress response in C57BL/6 mice. The physiological compounds of EFCS were identified as rutin, isoquercitrin, ethyl gallate, quercitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, and ethyl digallate, using UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE. To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of EFCS, H2O2- and corticosterone-induced neuronal cell viability was conducted in human neuroblastoma MC-IXC cells. It was found that EFCS alleviated depression-like behavior by conducting the sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and tail suspension test (TST). EFCS inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction related to neuronal energy metabolism by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP contents in brain tissue. In addition, the administration of EFCS regulated the stress hormones in serum. EFCS regulated stress-related indicators such as CRF, ACTH, CYP11B1, and BDNF. Moreover, EFCS downregulated the inflammatory responses and apoptosis proteins such as caspase-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, p-JNK, BAX, and p-tau in brain tissues. These results suggest that EFCS might be a potential natural plant material that alleviates CUMS-induced behavior disorder by regulating inflammation in brain tissue against CUMS-induced depression.
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Serradell A, Montero D, Fernández-Montero Á, Terova G, Makol A, Valdenegro V, Acosta F, Izquierdo MS, Torrecillas S. Gill Oxidative Stress Protection through the Use of Phytogenics and Galactomannan Oligosaccharides as Functional Additives in Practical Diets for European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233332. [PMID: 36496852 PMCID: PMC9737065 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential of two functional additives as gill endogenous antioxidant capacity boosters in European sea-bass juveniles fed low-FM/FO diets when challenged against physical and biological stressors. For that purpose, two isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with low FM (10%) and FO (6%) contents were supplemented with 5000 ppm plant-derived galactomannan-oligosaccharides (GMOS) or 200 ppm of a mixture of garlic and labiate plant essential oils (PHYTO). A control diet was void from supplementation. Fish were fed the experimental diet for nine weeks and subjected to a confinement stress challenge (C challenge) or a confinement stress challenge combined with an exposure to the pathogen Vibrio anguillarum (CI challenge). Both GMOS and PHYTO diets attenuated fish stress response, inducing lower circulating plasma cortisol and down-regulating nfκβ2 and gr relative gene-expression levels in the gill. This attenuated stress response was associated with a minor energetic metabolism response in relation to the down-regulation of nd5 and coxi gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Serradell
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35200 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35200 Las Palmas, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Montero
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 2-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Alex Makol
- Global Solution Aquaculture Unit, Delacon Biotechnik Gmbh, 24-4209 Engerwitzdorf, Austria
| | | | - Félix Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35200 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - María Soledad Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35200 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Silvia Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35200 Las Palmas, Spain
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Mahony C, O'Ryan C. A molecular framework for autistic experiences: Mitochondrial allostatic load as a mediator between autism and psychopathology. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:985713. [PMID: 36506457 PMCID: PMC9732262 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.985713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular autism research is evolving toward a biopsychosocial framework that is more informed by autistic experiences. In this context, research aims are moving away from correcting external autistic behaviors and toward alleviating internal distress. Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) are associated with high rates of depression, suicidality and other comorbid psychopathologies, but this relationship is poorly understood. Here, we integrate emerging characterizations of internal autistic experiences within a molecular framework to yield insight into the prevalence of psychopathology in ASC. We demonstrate that descriptions of social camouflaging and autistic burnout resonate closely with the accepted definitions for early life stress (ELS) and chronic adolescent stress (CAS). We propose that social camouflaging could be considered a distinct form of CAS that contributes to allostatic overload, culminating in a pathophysiological state that is experienced as autistic burnout. Autistic burnout is thought to contribute to psychopathology via psychological and physiological mechanisms, but these remain largely unexplored by molecular researchers. Building on converging fields in molecular neuroscience, we discuss the substantial evidence implicating mitochondrial dysfunction in ASC to propose a novel role for mitochondrial allostatic load in the relationship between autism and psychopathology. An interplay between mitochondrial, neuroimmune and neuroendocrine signaling is increasingly implicated in stress-related psychopathologies, and these molecular players are also associated with neurodevelopmental, neurophysiological and neurochemical aspects of ASC. Together, this suggests an increased exposure and underlying molecular susceptibility to ELS that increases the risk of psychopathology in ASC. This article describes an integrative framework shaped by autistic experiences that highlights novel avenues for molecular research into mechanisms that directly affect the quality of life and wellbeing of autistic individuals. Moreover, this framework emphasizes the need for increased access to diagnoses, accommodations, and resources to improve mental health outcomes in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colleen O'Ryan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Estupiñán-Moreno E, Ortiz-Fernández L, Li T, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Ciudad L, Andrés-León E, Terron-Camero LC, Prieto-González S, Espígol-Frigolé G, Cid MC, Márquez A, Ballestar E, Martín J. Methylome and transcriptome profiling of giant cell arteritis monocytes reveals novel pathways involved in disease pathogenesis and molecular response to glucocorticoids. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:1290-1300. [PMID: 35705375 PMCID: PMC9380516 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a complex systemic vasculitis mediated by the interplay between both genetic and epigenetic factors. Monocytes are crucial players of the inflammation occurring in GCA. Therefore, characterisation of the monocyte methylome and transcriptome in GCA would be helpful to better understand disease pathogenesis. METHODS We performed an integrated epigenome-and transcriptome-wide association study in CD14+ monocytes from 82 patients with GCA, cross-sectionally classified into three different clinical statuses (active, in remission with or without glucocorticoid (GC) treatment), and 31 healthy controls. RESULTS We identified a global methylation and gene expression dysregulation in GCA monocytes. Specifically, monocytes from active patients showed a more proinflammatory phenotype compared with healthy controls and patients in remission. In addition to inflammatory pathways known to be involved in active GCA, such as response to IL-6 and IL-1, we identified response to IL-11 as a new pathway potentially implicated in GCA. Furthermore, monocytes from patients in remission with treatment showed downregulation of genes involved in inflammatory processes as well as overexpression of GC receptor-target genes. Finally, we identified changes in DNA methylation correlating with alterations in expression levels of genes with a potential role in GCA pathogenesis, such as ITGA7 and CD63, as well as genes mediating the molecular response to GC, including FKBP5, ETS2, ZBTB16 and ADAMTS2. CONCLUSION Our results revealed profound alterations in the methylation and transcriptomic profiles of monocytes from GCA patients, uncovering novel genes and pathways involved in GCA pathogenesis and in the molecular response to GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elkyn Estupiñán-Moreno
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ortiz-Fernández
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Tianlu Li
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ciudad
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Andrés-León
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Carmen Terron-Camero
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Prieto-González
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Espígol-Frigolé
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cinta Cid
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Márquez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Martín
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Sakellakis M, Flores LJ. Is the glucocorticoid receptor a key player in prostate cancer?: A literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29716. [PMID: 35866830 PMCID: PMC9302310 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids act through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and exert pleiotropic effects in different cancer types. In prostate cancer cells, GR and androgen receptor (AR) share overlapping transcriptomes and cistromes. Under enzalutamide treatment, GR signaling can bypass AR activation and promote castration resistance via the expression of a subset of AR-target genes. However, GR-dependent growth under enhanced antiandrogen inhibition occurs only in a subset of primed cells. On the other hand, glucocorticoids have been used successfully in the treatment of prostate cancer for many years. In the context of AR signaling, GR competes with AR for DNA-binding and has the potential to halt the proliferation rate of prostate cancer cells. Their target genes overlap by <50% and they execute unique functions in vivo. In addition, even when AR and GR upregulate the same transcriptional target gene, the effect might not be identical in magnitude. Besides being able to drive tumor proliferation, GR is also a key player in prostate cancer cell survival. Stimulation of GR activity can undermine the effects of enhanced antiandrogen treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. GR activation in prostate cancer can increase prosurvival gene expression. Identifying the full spectrum of GR activity will inform the optimal use of glucocorticosteroids in prostate cancer. It will also determine the best strategies to target the protumorigenic effects of GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minas Sakellakis
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States
- *Correspondence: Minas Sakellakis, Department of Genitourinary Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030 (e-mail: )
| | - Laura Jacqueline Flores
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States
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dos Santos C, Karagiannopoulos A, Rafacho A, Perfilyev A, Eliasson L, Ling C, Bacos K. Glucocorticoids and glucolipotoxicity alter the DNA methylome and function of human EndoC-βH1 cells. Life Sci 2022; 307:120854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Xiao Y, Ren Q, Zheng Y, Zhang S, Ouyang J, Jiao L, Tang C, Li L, Shi W, Wang M, Zhang S, Zhang D, Zhong B, Peng F, Chen Z, Wu L. Geniposide ameliorated dexamethasone-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptosis in osteoblasts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 291:115154. [PMID: 35240241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eucommia ulmoides Oliver has been traditionally used for treatment of various diseases, including osteoporosis, knee pain, and paralysis. The extract of Eucommia ulmoides has been reported to stimulate the bone formation and suppress the bone resorption, leading to protection against osteoporosis (OP). Geniposide (GEN) has been considered as one of the effective compounds responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of Eucommia ulmoides against OP. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore whether GEN protected against dexamethasone (DEX)-induced osteoporosis (OP) by activating NRF2 expression and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS The DEX-induced rat OP models were duplicated. The pathological changes were examined by histological/immunohistochemical evaluation and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) assessment. Apoptosis was detected by a flow cytometer. Mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected. Western blot assays were used to detect the protein expression. RESULTS GEN effectively reversed DEX-induced pathological changes of trabecular bone in rats. In addition, the DEX-increased expression of ATF4/CHOP was also ameliorated. In MC3T3-E1 cells, DEX promoted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial apoptosis. Inhibition of ER stress abolished the induction of apoptosis by DEX. Similarly, GEN significantly ameliorated DEX-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. The possible underlying mechanism might be associated with the pharmacological effects of GEN on activating the expression of NRF2 and alleviating ER stress in DEX-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSION GEN ameliorated DEX-induced ER stress and mitochondrial apoptosis in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Qun Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yizhou Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Linhui Jiao
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Chunfang Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Weimei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Miaofei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Pathology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Sacco K, Castagnoli R, Vakkilainen S, Liu C, Delmonte OM, Oguz C, Kaplan IM, Alehashemi S, Burbelo PD, Bhuyan F, de Jesus AA, Dobbs K, Rosen LB, Cheng A, Shaw E, Vakkilainen MS, Pala F, Lack J, Zhang Y, Fink DL, Oikonomou V, Snow AL, Dalgard CL, Chen J, Sellers BA, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Barron K, Rey-Jurado E, Vial C, Poli MC, Licari A, Montagna D, Marseglia GL, Licciardi F, Ramenghi U, Discepolo V, Lo Vecchio A, Guarino A, Eisenstein EM, Imberti L, Sottini A, Biondi A, Mató S, Gerstbacher D, Truong M, Stack MA, Magliocco M, Bosticardo M, Kawai T, Danielson JJ, Hulett T, Askenazi M, Hu S, Cohen JI, Su HC, Kuhns DB, Lionakis MS, Snyder TM, Holland SM, Goldbach-Mansky R, Tsang JS, Notarangelo LD. Immunopathological signatures in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and pediatric COVID-19. Nat Med 2022; 28:1050-1062. [PMID: 35177862 PMCID: PMC9119950 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 (pCOVID-19) is rarely severe; however, a minority of children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), with substantial morbidity. In this longitudinal multi-institutional study, we applied multi-omics (analysis of soluble biomarkers, proteomics, single-cell gene expression and immune repertoire analysis) to profile children with COVID-19 (n = 110) and MIS-C (n = 76), along with pediatric healthy controls (pHCs; n = 76). pCOVID-19 was characterized by robust type I interferon (IFN) responses, whereas prominent type II IFN-dependent and NF-κB-dependent signatures, matrisome activation and increased levels of circulating spike protein were detected in MIS-C, with no correlation with SARS-CoV-2 PCR status around the time of admission. Transient expansion of TRBV11-2 T cell clonotypes in MIS-C was associated with signatures of inflammation and T cell activation. The association of MIS-C with the combination of HLA A*02, B*35 and C*04 alleles suggests genetic susceptibility. MIS-C B cells showed higher mutation load than pCOVID-19 and pHC. These results identify distinct immunopathological signatures in pCOVID-19 and MIS-C that might help better define the pathophysiology of these disorders and guide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Sacco
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Can Liu
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ottavia M Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cihan Oguz
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Sara Alehashemi
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D Burbelo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farzana Bhuyan
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adriana A de Jesus
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsey B Rosen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aristine Cheng
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elana Shaw
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justin Lack
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle L Fink
- Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian A Sellers
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gina A Montealegre Sanchez
- Intramural Clinical Management and Operation Branch (ICMOB), Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karyl Barron
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Cecilia Poli
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Unidad de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de niños Dr. Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Montagna
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Immunology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Licciardi
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Discepolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Lo Vecchio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eli M Eisenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luisa Imberti
- CREA Laboratory (AIL Center for Hemato-Oncologic Research), Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- CREA Laboratory (AIL Center for Hemato-Oncologic Research), Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatric Department and Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Sayonara Mató
- Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dana Gerstbacher
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Stanford Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meng Truong
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Stack
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Magliocco
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomoki Kawai
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Danielson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Hulett
- CDI Laboratories, Antygen Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Shaohui Hu
- CDI Laboratories, Antygen Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John S Tsang
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Clement A, Madsen MJ, Kastaniegaard K, Wiborg O, Asuni AA, Stensballe A. Chronic Stress Induces Hippocampal Mitochondrial Damage in APPPS1 Model Mice and Wildtype Littermates. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:259-272. [PMID: 35275551 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Despite decades of investigation, the etiology of AD is not fully understood, although emerging evidence suggest that chronic environmental and psychological stress plays a role in the mechanisms and contributes to the risk of developing AD. Thus, dissecting the impact of stress on the brain could improve our understanding of the pathological mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the effect of chronic stress on the hippocampal proteome in male APPPS1 transgenic mice and wildtype (WT) littermates. METHODS APPPS1 and WT mice were subjected to 4 weeks of chronic stress followed by 3 weeks of continued diurnal disruption. Hippocampal tissue was used for proteomics analysis using label-free quantitative DIA based LC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS We identified significantly up- and downregulated proteins in both APPPS1 and WT mice exposed to chronic stress compared to the control groups. Via interaction network mapping, significant proteins could be annotated to specific pathways of mitochondrial function (oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle), metabolic pathways, AD pathway and synaptic functions (long term potentiation). In WT mice, chronic stress showed the highest impact on complex I of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, while in APPPS1 mice this pathway was compromised broadly by chronic stress. CONCLUSION Our data shows that chronic stress and amyloidosis additively contribute to mitochondrial damage in hippocampus. Although these results do not explain all effects of chronic stress in AD, they add to the scientific knowledge on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Clement
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark.,Department of Pathology and Fluid Biomarkers, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ove Wiborg
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Ayodeji A Asuni
- Department of Pathology and Fluid Biomarkers, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
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Wikramanayake TC, Chéret J, Sevilla A, Birch-Machin M, Paus R. Targeting mitochondria in dermatological therapy: Beyond oxidative damage and skin aging. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:233-259. [PMID: 35249436 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2049756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The analysis of the role of the mitochondria in oxidative damage and skin aging is a significant aspect of dermatological research. Mitochondria generate most reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, excessive ROS are cytotoxic and DNA-damaging and promote (photo-)aging. ROS also possesses key physiological and regulatory functions and mitochondrial dysfunction is prominent in several skin diseases including skin cancers. Although many standard dermatotherapeutics modulate mitochondrial function, dermatological therapy rarely targets the mitochondria. Accordingly, there is a rationale for "mitochondrial dermatology"-based approaches to be applied to therapeutic research. AREAS COVERED This paper examines the functions of mitochondria in cutaneous physiology beyond energy (ATP) and ROS production. Keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal barrier maintenance, appendage morphogenesis and homeostasis, photoaging and skin cancer are considered. Based on related PubMed search results, the paper evaluates thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, Vitamin D3 derivatives, retinoids, cannabinoid receptor agonists, PPARγ agonists, thyrotropin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone as instructive lead compounds. Moreover, the mitochondrial protein MPZL3 as a promising new drug target for future "mitochondrial dermatology" is highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Future dermatological therapeutic research should have a mitochondrial medicine emphasis. Focusing on selected lead agents, protein targets, in silico drug design, and model diseases will fertilize a mito-centric approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Alec Sevilla
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Mark Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, and The UK National Innovation Centre for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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Dinarello A, Tesoriere A, Martini P, Fontana CM, Volpato D, Badenetti L, Terrin F, Facchinello N, Romualdi C, Carnevali O, Dalla Valle L, Argenton F. Zebrafish Mutant Lines Reveal the Interplay between nr3c1 and nr3c2 in the GC-Dependent Regulation of Gene Transcription. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052678. [PMID: 35269817 PMCID: PMC8910431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids mainly exert their biological functions through their cognate receptor, encoded by the nr3c1 gene. Here, we analysed the glucocorticoids mechanism of action taking advantage of the availability of different zebrafish mutant lines for their receptor. The differences in gene expression patterns between the zebrafish gr knock-out and the grs357 mutant line, in which a point mutation prevents binding of the receptor to the hormone-responsive elements, reveal an intricate network of GC-dependent transcription. Particularly, we show that Stat3 transcriptional activity mainly relies on glucocorticoid receptor GR tethering activity: several Stat3 target genes are induced upon glucocorticoid GC exposure both in wild type and in grs357/s357 larvae, but not in gr knock-out zebrafish. To understand the interplay between GC, their receptor, and the mineralocorticoid receptor, which is evolutionarily and structurally related to the GR, we generated an mr knock-out line and observed that several GC-target genes also need a functional mineralocorticoid receptor MR to be correctly transcribed. All in all, zebrafish mutants and transgenic models allow in vivo analysis of GR transcriptional activities and interactions with other transcription factors such as MR and Stat3 in an in-depth and rapid way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dinarello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.T.); (C.M.F.); (D.V.); (L.B.); (F.T.); (N.F.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Annachiara Tesoriere
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.T.); (C.M.F.); (D.V.); (L.B.); (F.T.); (N.F.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Paolo Martini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Camilla Maria Fontana
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.T.); (C.M.F.); (D.V.); (L.B.); (F.T.); (N.F.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Davide Volpato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.T.); (C.M.F.); (D.V.); (L.B.); (F.T.); (N.F.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Lorenzo Badenetti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.T.); (C.M.F.); (D.V.); (L.B.); (F.T.); (N.F.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Terrin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.T.); (C.M.F.); (D.V.); (L.B.); (F.T.); (N.F.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.T.); (C.M.F.); (D.V.); (L.B.); (F.T.); (N.F.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Chiara Romualdi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.T.); (C.M.F.); (D.V.); (L.B.); (F.T.); (N.F.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Luisa Dalla Valle
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.T.); (C.M.F.); (D.V.); (L.B.); (F.T.); (N.F.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Argenton
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.T.); (C.M.F.); (D.V.); (L.B.); (F.T.); (N.F.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
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Plasma Proteomics in Healthy Subjects with Differences in Tissue Glucocorticoid Sensitivity Identifies A Novel Proteomic Signature. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010184. [PMID: 35052863 PMCID: PMC8773719 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant inter-individual variation in terms of susceptibility to several stress-related disorders, such as myocardial infarction and Alzheimer’s disease, and therapeutic response has been observed among healthy subjects. The molecular features responsible for this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. Proteomics, in association with bioinformatics analysis, offer a comprehensive description of molecular phenotypes with clear links to human disease pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative plasma proteomics analysis of glucocorticoid resistant and glucocorticoid sensitive healthy subjects and provide clues of the underlying physiological differences. For this purpose, 101 healthy volunteers were given a very low dose (0.25 mg) of dexamethasone at midnight, and were stratified into the 10% most glucocorticoid sensitive (S) (n = 11) and 10% most glucocorticoid resistant (R) (n = 11) according to the 08:00 h serum cortisol concentrations determined the following morning. One month following the very-low dose dexamethasone suppression test, DNA and plasma samples were collected from the 22 selected individuals. Sequencing analysis did not reveal any genetic defects in the human glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene. To investigate the proteomic profile of plasma samples, we used Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and found 110 up-regulated and 66 down-regulated proteins in the S compared to the R group. The majority of the up-regulated proteins in the S group were implicated in platelet activation. To predict response to cortisol prior to administration, a random forest classifier was developed by using the proteomics data in order to distinguish S from R individuals. Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) and gelsolin (GSN) were the most important variables in the classification, and warrant further investigation. Our results indicate that a proteomics signature may differentiate the S from the R healthy subjects, and may be useful in clinical practice. In addition, it may provide clues of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the chronic stress-related diseases, including myocardial infarction and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Gans IM, Coffman JA. Glucocorticoid-Mediated Developmental Programming of Vertebrate Stress Responsivity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:812195. [PMID: 34992551 PMCID: PMC8724051 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.812195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, vertebrate steroid hormones produced by cells of the adrenal cortex or interrenal tissue, function dynamically to maintain homeostasis under constantly changing and occasionally stressful environmental conditions. They do so by binding and thereby activating nuclear receptor transcription factors, the Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors (MR and GR, respectively). The GR, by virtue of its lower affinity for endogenous glucocorticoids (cortisol or corticosterone), is primarily responsible for transducing the dynamic signals conveyed by circadian and ultradian glucocorticoid oscillations as well as transient pulses produced in response to acute stress. These dynamics are important determinants of stress responsivity, and at the systemic level are produced by feedforward and feedback signaling along the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis. Within receiving cells, GR signaling dynamics are controlled by the GR target gene and negative feedback regulator fkpb5. Chronic stress can alter signaling dynamics via imperfect physiological adaptation that changes systemic and/or cellular set points, resulting in chronically elevated cortisol levels and increased allostatic load, which undermines health and promotes development of disease. When this occurs during early development it can "program" the responsivity of the stress system, with persistent effects on allostatic load and disease susceptibility. An important question concerns the glucocorticoid-responsive gene regulatory network that contributes to such programming. Recent studies show that klf9, a ubiquitously expressed GR target gene that encodes a Krüppel-like transcription factor important for metabolic plasticity and neuronal differentiation, is a feedforward regulator of GR signaling impacting cellular glucocorticoid responsivity, suggesting that it may be a critical node in that regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Gans
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - James A. Coffman
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress-A Causative Factor and Therapeutic Target in Many Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413384. [PMID: 34948180 PMCID: PMC8707347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairment of defensive antioxidant systems leads to a condition known as oxidative stress. The main source of free radicals responsible for oxidative stress is mitochondrial respiration. The deleterious effects of ROS on cellular biomolecules, including DNA, is a well-known phenomenon that can disrupt mitochondrial function and contribute to cellular damage and death, and the subsequent development of various disease processes. In this review, we summarize the most important findings that implicated mitochondrial oxidative stress in a wide variety of pathologies from Alzheimer disease (AD) to autoimmune type 1 diabetes. This review also discusses attempts to affect oxidative stress as a therapeutic avenue.
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Zhang X, Gao F. Exercise improves vascular health: Role of mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:347-359. [PMID: 34748911 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular mitochondria constantly integrate signals from environment and respond accordingly to match vascular function to metabolic requirements of the organ tissues, while mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to vascular aging and pathologies such as atherosclerosis, stenosis, and hypertension. As an effective lifestyle intervention, exercise induces extensive mitochondrial adaptations through vascular mechanical stress and the increased production and release of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide that activate multiple intracellular signaling pathways, among which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) plays a critical role. PGC-1α coordinates mitochondrial quality control mechanisms to maintain a healthy mitochondrial pool and promote endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in vasculature. The mitochondrial adaptations to exercise improve bioenergetics, balance redox status, protect endothelial cells against detrimental insults, increase vascular plasticity, and ameliorate aging-related vascular dysfunction, thus benefiting vascular health. This review highlights recent findings of mitochondria as a central hub integrating exercise-afforded vascular benefits and its underlying mechanisms. A better understanding of the mitochondrial adaptations to exercise will not only shed light on the mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection, but may also provide new clues to mitochondria-oriented precise exercise prescriptions for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Kokkinopoulou I, Diakoumi A, Moutsatsou P. Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011173. [PMID: 34681832 PMCID: PMC8537243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and depression increase the risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) development. Evidence demonstrates that the Glucocorticoid (GC) negative feedback is impaired (GC resistance) in T2D patients resulting in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity and hypercortisolism. High GCs, in turn, activate multiple aspects of glucose homeostasis in peripheral tissues leading to hyperglycemia. Elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) mediates the GC-induced dysregulation of glucose production, uptake and insulin signaling in GC-sensitive peripheral tissues, such as liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas. In contrast to increased GR peripheral sensitivity, an impaired GR signaling in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of T2D patients, associated with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and increased inflammation, has been shown. Given that GR changes in immune cells parallel those in brain, the above data implicate that a reduced brain GR function may be the biological link among stress, HPA hyperactivity, hypercortisolism and hyperglycemia. GR polymorphisms have also been associated with metabolic disturbances in T2D while dysregulation of micro-RNAs—known to target GR mRNA—has been described. Collectively, GR has a crucial role in T2D, acting in a cell-type and context-specific manner, leading to either GC sensitivity or GC resistance. Selective modulation of GR signaling in T2D therapy warrants further investigation.
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