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Ren H, Mao K, Yuan X, Mu Y, Zhao S, Fan X, Zhu L, Ye Z, Lan J. AN698/40746067 suppresses bone marrow adiposity to ameliorate hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis through targeted inhibition of ENTR1. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116843. [PMID: 38810405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis is marked by increased bone marrow adiposity, and treatment with statins for hyperlipidemia often leads to new-onset osteoporosis. Endosome-associated trafficking regulator 1 (ENTR1) has been found to interact with different proteins in pathophysiology, but its exact role in adipogenesis is not yet understood. This research aimed to explore the role of ENTR1 in adipogenesis and to discover a new small molecule that targets ENTR1 for evaluating its effectiveness in treating hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis. We found that ENTR1 expression increased during the adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs). ENTR1 gain- and loss-of-function assays significantly enhanced lipid droplets formation. Mechanistically, ENTR1 binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and enhances its expression, thereby elevating adipogenic markers including C/EBPα and LDLR. Therapeutically, AN698/40746067 attenuated adipogenesis by targeting ENTR1 to suppress PPARγ. In vivo, AN698/40746067 reduced bone marrow adiposity and bone loss, as well as prevented lipogenesis-related obesity, inflammation, steatohepatitis, and abnormal serum lipid levels during hyperlipidemia. Together, these findings suggest that ENTR1 facilitates adipogenesis by PPARγ involved in BMSCs' differentiation, and targeted inhibition of ENTR1 by AN698/40746067 may offer a promising therapy for addressing lipogenesis-related challenges and alleviating osteoporosis following hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Kai Mao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuqing Mu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuaiqi Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 261053 China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhou Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China.
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Hu X, Zhang P, Gao Y, Ding WW, Cheng XE, Shi QQ, Li S, Zhu YY, Pan HF, Wang P. Identification of lipid-modifying drug targets for autoimmune diseases: insights from drug target mendelian randomization. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:193. [PMID: 38909219 PMCID: PMC11193261 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS A growing body of evidence has highlighted the interactions of lipids metabolism and immune regulation. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the causality between lipids and autoimmune diseases (ADs), as well as their possibility as drug targets for ADs. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to comprehensively understand the casual associations between lipid traits and ADs, and evaluate the therapeutic possibility of lipid-lowering drug targets on ADs. METHODS Genetic variants for lipid traits and variants encoding targets of various lipid-lowering drugs were derived from Global Lipid Genetics Consortium (GLGC) and verified in Drug Bank. Summary data of ADs were obtained from MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MER-IEU) database and FinnGen consortium, respectively. The causal inferences between lipid traits/genetic agents of lipid-lowering targets and ADs were evaluated by Mendelian randomization (MR), summary data-based MR (SMR), and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses. Enrichment analysis and protein interaction network were employed to reveal the functional characteristics and biological relevance of potential therapeutic lipid-lowering targets. RESULTS There was no evidence of causal effects regarding 5 lipid traits and 9 lipid-lowering drug targets on ADs. Genetically proxied 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibition was associated with a reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in both discovery (OR [odds ratio] = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.32, 0.63, P = 6.79 × 10- 06) and replicate datasets (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.61, P = 7.81 × 10- 05). SMR analyses supported that genetically proxied HMGCR inhibition had causal effects on RA in whole blood (OR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.82, P = 6.86 × 10- 03) and skeletal muscle sites (OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.56, 0.99, P = 4.48 × 10- 02). After controlling for blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking alchohol, HMGCR suppression showed a direct causal effect on a lower risk of RA (OR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.40, 0.96, P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals causal links of genetically proxied HMGCR inhibition (lipid-lowering drug targets) and HMGCR expression inhibition with a decreased risk of RA, suggesting that HMGCR may serve as candidate drug targets for the treatment and prevention of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Health Services and Management, School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Wen-Wen Ding
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xue-Er Cheng
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Qian-Qian Shi
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zhu
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Yang S, Wang Y, Shen H, Chen T, Du H. Efficacy and safety of Danhong injection for treating myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1371959. [PMID: 38939841 PMCID: PMC11208867 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1371959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Danhong injection (DHI) is widely used in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to systematically review the efficacy and safety of DHI in a randomized controlled experiment on MI. Methods We searched the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of DHI for MI published before 2 April 2023 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrance Library, and Embase databases. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook 5.3 criteria using the RevMan software, and meta-analysis was performed and a forest map was drawn. Results A total of 38 trials included 3877 patients, including 2022 cases in the DHI treatment group and 1855 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate (RR = 1.18%, 95% CI [1.14-1.12]) during treatment with DHI was higher than that of the control group. The prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia (RR = 0.55%, 95% CI [0.46-0.65]) was lower than that of the control group. The incidence of heart rate failure (RR = 0.45%, 95% CI [0.30-0.70]) was lower than that of the control group. The prevalence of cardiogenic shock (RR = 0.33%, 95% CI [0.11-1.04]) was p > 0.05, and the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in LVEF between the two groups (MD = 0.00%, 95% CI [0.00-0.00]). CK-MB (MD = -0.81%, 95% CI [-0.92∼ -0.69]) was lower than the control group. hs-CRP (MD = -1.09, 95% CI [-1.22∼ -0.97]) was lower than the control group. The incidence of adverse reactions (RR = 0.37, The 95% CI [0.17-0.82]) was lower than that in the control group. Conclusion Basing on our study, the use of DHI in the treatment of myocardial infarction patients is effective, can improve cardiac function, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and improve the overall quality of life. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023390973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Yang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailiang Shen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianhang Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Du
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Aldossary KM, Ali LS, Abdallah MS, Bahaa MM, Elmasry TA, Elberri EI, Kotkata FA, El Sabaa RM, Elmorsi YM, Kamel MM, Negm WA, Elberri AI, Hamouda AO, AlRasheed HA, Salahuddin MM, Yasser M, Hamouda MA. Effect of a high dose atorvastatin as added-on therapy on symptoms and serum AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-6/STAT3 axes in patients with major depressive disorder: randomized controlled clinical study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1381523. [PMID: 38855751 PMCID: PMC11157054 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1381523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation pathways have been associated with the development of major depressive disorders (MDD). The anti-inflammatory characteristics of statins have been demonstrated to have significance in the pathophysiology of depression. Aim To investigate the mechanistic pathways of high dose atorvastatin in MDD. Patients and methods This trial included 60 patients with MDD who met the eligibility requirements. Two groups of patients (n = 30) were recruited by selecting patients from the Psychiatry Department. Group 1 received 20 mg of fluoxetine plus a placebo once daily. Group 2 received fluoxetine and atorvastatin (80 mg) once daily. All patients were assessed by a psychiatrist using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). A HDRS score of ≤7 indicates remission or partial remission [HDRS<17 and>7]. Response was defined as ≥ 50% drop in the HDRS score. The serum concentrations of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-3 (STAT-3) were measured. Results The atorvastatin group showed a significant reduction in the levels of all measured markers along with a statistical increase in the levels of AMPK when compared to the fluoxetine group. The atorvastatin group displayed a significant decrease in HDRS when compared to its baseline and the fluoxetine group. The response rate and partial remission were higher in the atorvastatin group than fluoxetine (p = 0.03, and p = 0.005), respectively. Conclusion These results imply that atorvastatin at high doses may be a promising adjuvant therapy for MDD patients by altering the signaling pathways for AMPK/NLRP3 and IL-6/STAT-3. Clinical Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05792540.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khlood Mohammad Aldossary
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lashin Saad Ali
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S. Abdallah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
- Department of PharmD, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mostafa M. Bahaa
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Thanaa A. Elmasry
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Al-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Eman I. Elberri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Al-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Fedaa A. Kotkata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Al-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Ramy M. El Sabaa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Yasmine M. Elmorsi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Al-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Kamel
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Al-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Aya Ibrahim Elberri
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Amir O. Hamouda
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hayam Ali AlRasheed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed M. Salahuddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yasser
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Manal A. Hamouda
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Al-Gharbia, Egypt
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Guo Z, Li H, Yu W, Ren Y, Zhu Z. Insights into the effect of benzotriazoles in liver using integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108716. [PMID: 38723456 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Benzotriazoles (BTRs) are a class of benzoheterocyclic chemicals that are frequently used as metal-corrosive inhibitors, both in industry and daily use. However, the exposure effect information on BTRs remains relatively limited. In this study, an integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic approach was utilized to evaluate the effect of three BTRs, benzotriazole, 6-chloro-1-hydroxi-benzotriazole, and 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole, in the mouse liver with results showing disrupted basal metabolic processes and vitamin and cofactor metabolism after 28 days. The expression of several genes that are related to the inflammatory response and aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathways, such as Gstt2 and Arntl, was altered by the exposure to BTRs. Exposure to BTRs also affected metabolites and genes that are involved in the immune system and xenobiotic responses. The altered expression of several cytochrome P450 family genes reveal a potential detoxification mechanism in the mouse liver. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the multilayer response of the mouse liver to BTRs exposure as well as a resource for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms by which the response occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Guo
- Medical College, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China.
| | - Huimin Li
- Medical College, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Wenmin Yu
- Medical College, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Yaguang Ren
- Medical College, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- Medical College, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; College of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China.
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Lobato S, Castillo-Granada AL, Bucio-Pacheco M, Salomón-Soto VM, Álvarez-Valenzuela R, Meza-Inostroza PM, Villegas-Vizcaíno R. PM 2.5, component cause of severe metabolically abnormal obesity: An in silico, observational and analytical study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28936. [PMID: 38601536 PMCID: PMC11004224 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently one of the most alarming pathological conditions due to the progressive increase in its prevalence. In the last decade, it has been associated with fine particulate matter suspended in the air (PM2.5). The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanistic interaction of PM2.5 with a high-fat diet (HFD) through the differential regulation of transcriptional signatures, aiming to identify the association of these particles with metabolically abnormal obesity. The research design was observational, using bioinformatic methods and an explanatory approach based on Rothman's causal model. We propose three new transcriptional signatures in murine adipose tissue. The sum of transcriptional differences between the group exposed to an HFD and PM2.5, compared to the control group, were 0.851, 0.265, and -0.047 (p > 0.05). The HFD group increased body mass by 20% with two positive biomarkers of metabolic impact. The group exposed to PM2.5 maintained a similar weight to the control group but exhibited three positive biomarkers. Enriched biological pathways (p < 0.05) included PPAR signaling, small molecule transport, adipogenesis genes, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and HIF-1 signaling. Transcriptional regulation predictions revealed CpG islands and common transcription factors. We propose three new transcriptional signatures: FAT-PM2.5-CEJUS, FAT-PM2.5-UP, and FAT-PM2.5-DN, whose transcriptional regulation profile in adipocytes was statistically similar by dietary intake and HFD and exposure to PM2.5 in mice; suggesting a mechanistic interaction between both factors. However, HFD-exposed murines developed moderate metabolically abnormal obesity, and PM2.5-exposed murines developed severe abnormal metabolism without obesity. Therefore, in Rothman's terms, it is concluded that HFD is a sufficient cause of the development of obesity, and PM2.5 is a component cause of severe abnormal metabolism of obesity. These signatures would be integrated into a systemic biological process that would induce transcriptional regulation in trans, activating obesogenic biological pathways, restricting lipid mobilization pathways, decreasing adaptive thermogenesis and angiogenesis, and altering vascular tone thus inducing a severe metabolically abnormal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagrario Lobato
- Departamento de Investigación en Salud, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Puebla, 15 South Street 302, Puebla, Mexico
- Promoción y Educación para la Salud, Universidad Abierta y a Distancia de México. Universidad Avenue 1200, 1st Floor, quadrant 1-2, Xoco, Benito Juarez, 03330, Mexico City, Mexico
- Educación Superior, Centro de Estudios, “Justo Sierra”, Surutato, Badiraguato, Mexico
| | - A. Lourdes Castillo-Granada
- Educación Superior, Centro de Estudios, “Justo Sierra”, Surutato, Badiraguato, Mexico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Guelatao Avenue 66, Ejército de Oriente Indeco II ISSSTE, Iztapalapa, 09230, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos Bucio-Pacheco
- Educación Superior, Centro de Estudios, “Justo Sierra”, Surutato, Badiraguato, Mexico
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Americas Avenue, Universitarios Blvd., University City, 80040, Culiacán Rosales, Mexico
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Hu Y, Xu R, Feng J, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Li Y, Sun X, Gao J, Chen X, Du M, Chen Z, Liu X, Fan Y, Zhang Y. Identification of potential pathogenic hepatic super-enhancers regulatory network in high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 126:109584. [PMID: 38242178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is a prevalent metabolic disorder and a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. According to recent discoveries, super-enhancers (SEs) play a role in the increased expression of genes that encode important regulators of both cellular identity and the progression of diseases. However, the underlying function of SEs in the development of HLP is still unknown. We performed an integrative analysis of data on H3K27ac ChIP-seq and RNA sequencing obtained from liver tissues of mice under a low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) from GEO database. The rank ordering of super enhancers algorithm was employed for the computation and identification of SEs. A total of 1,877 and 1,847 SEs were identified in the LFD and HFD groups, respectively. The SE inhibitor JQ1 was able to potently reverse lipid deposition and the increased intracellular triglyceride and total cholesterol induced by oleic acid, indicating that SEs are involved in regulating lipid accumulation. Two hundred seventy-eight were considered as HFD-specific SEs (HSEs). GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the upregulated HSEs-associated genes revealed that they were mainly involved in lipid metabolic pathway. Four hub genes, namely Cd36, Pex11a, Ech1, and Cidec, were identified in the HSEs-associated protein-protein interaction network, and validated with two other datasets. Finally, we constructed a HSEs-specific regulatory network with Cidec and Cd36 as the core through the prediction and verification of transcription factors. Our study constructed a HSEs-associated regulatory network in the pathogenesis of HLP, providing new ideas for the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets of HLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Run Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- Unit 32680, People's Liberation Army of China, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxiu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ximing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Menghan Du
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhouxiu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Harbin, China.
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Harbin, China; Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China.
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8
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Firouzjaei AA, Mahmoudi A, Almahmeed W, Teng Y, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Identification and analysis of the molecular targets of statins in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155258. [PMID: 38522123 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. According to several types of research, statins may impact the development and treatment of CRC. This work aimed to use bioinformatics to discover the relationship between statin targets and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CRC patients and determine the possible molecular effect of statins on CRC suppression. We used CRC datasets from the GEO database to select CRC-related DEGs. DGIdb and STITCH databases were used to identify gene targets of subtypes of statin. Further, we identified the statin target of CRC DEGs hub genes by using a Venn diagram of CRC DEGs and statin targets. Funrich and enrichr databases were carried out for the KEGG pathway and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, respectively. GSE74604 and GSE10950 were used to identify CRC DEGs. After analyzing datasets,1370 genes were identified as CRC DEGs, and 345 targets were found for statins. We found that 35 genes are CRC DEGs statin targets. We found that statin targets in CRC were enriched in the receptor and metallopeptidase activity for molecular function, cytoplasm and plasma membrane for cellular component, signal transduction, and cell communication for biological process genes were substantially enriched based on FunRich enrichment. Analysis of the KEGG pathways revealed that the overexpressed DEGs were enriched in the IL-17, PPAR, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Finally, CCNB1, DNMT1, AURKB, RAC1, PPARGC1A, CDKN1A, CAV1, IL1B, and HSPD1 were identified as hub CRC DEGs statin targets. The genetic and molecular aspects of our findings reveal that statins might have a therapeutic effect on CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadizad Firouzjaei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mahmoudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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9
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Du Y, Su J, Yan M, Wang Q, Wang T, Gao S, Tian Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Lv G, Yu J. Polymethoxyflavones in citrus extract has a beneficial effect on hypercholesterolemia rats by promoting liver cholesterol metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117644. [PMID: 38135227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyperlipidemia is characterized by the disorder of lipid metabolism accompanied by oxidative stress damage, and low-grade inflammation, with the pathway of cholesterol and bile acid metabolic are an important triggering mechanism. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are the active constituents of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, which have many biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, anti-obesity, suppressing adipogenesis in adipocytes, and ameliorate type 2 diabetes, with potential roles for regulation of lipid metabolism. However, its associated mechanisms on hyperlipidemia remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to identify the anti-hypercholesterolemia effects and mechanisms of PMFs in a hypercholesterolemia model triggered by high-fat compounds in an excessive alcohol diet (HFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A hypercholesterolemia rat model was induced by HFD, and PMFs was intragastric administered at 125 and 250 mg/kg daily for 16 weeks. The effects of PMFs on hypercholesterolemia were assessed using serum lipids, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress levels. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining were performed to evaluate histopathological changes in the rat liver. The levels of total cholesterol (TC) and total bile acid (TBA) in the liver and feces were determined to evaluate lipid metabolism. RAW264.7 and BRL cells loaded with NBD-cholesterol were used to simulate the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process in vitro. The signaling pathway of cholesterol and bile acid metabolic was evaluated by Western Blotting (WB) and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress injury, and low-grade inflammation in model rats were ameliorated by PMFs administration. Numerous vacuoles and lipid droplets in hepatocytes were markedly reduced. In vitro experiments results revealed decreased NBD-cholesterol levels in RAW264.7 cells and increased NBD-cholesterol levels in BRL cells following PMFs intervention. PMFs upregulated the expression of proteins associated with the RCT pathway, such as LXRα, ABCA1, LDLR, and SR-BI, thereby promoting TC entry into the liver. Meanwhile, the expression of proteins associated with cholesterol metabolism and efflux pathways such as CYP7A1, CYP27A1, CYP7B1, ABCG5/8, ABCB1, and BSEP were regulated, thereby promoting cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, PMFs treatment regulated the expression of proteins related to the pathway of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, such as ASBT, OSTα, NTCP, FXR, FGF15, and FGFR4, thereby maintaining lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS PMFs might ameliorate hypercholesterolemia by promoting the entry of cholesterol into the liver through the RCT pathway, followed by excretion via metabolism pathways of cholesterol and bile acid. These findings provide a promising therapeutic potential for PMFs to treat hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030607, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Qirui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Su Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yajuan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yibei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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10
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Zhang X, Lin W, Lei S, Zhang S, Cheng Y, Chen X, Lu Y, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Guo C. The anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf extract: Modulating cholesterol homeostasis in hepatocytes via PPARα pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117532. [PMID: 38048892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Polyporaceae, P.cocos), which is born on the pine root, has a history of more than two thousand years of medicine in China. P.cocos was first recorded in the Shennong's Herbal Classic, studies have proved its lipid-lowering effect. AIM OF STUDY The aim of study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of P.cocos extract on hyperlipidemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 9-12 weeks were intraperitoneally (IP) injected with Triton-WR 1339 to establish an acute hyperlipidemia model. At 0 h and 20 h after the model was established, low and high doses of P.cocos extract or simvastatin were given twice. After 48 h, the rats were sacrificed, and liver and serum samples were collected for analysis. The cell model was constructed by treating L02 cells with 1% fat emulsion-10% FBS-RPMI 1640 medium for 48 h. At the same time, low and high doses of P.cocos extract and simvastatin were administered. Oil red O staining was used to evaluate the lipid accumulation in the cells, and H&E staining was used to evaluate the liver lesions of rats. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expressions of lipid metabolism-related genes. RESULTS P.cocos extract relieved lipid accumulation in vitro and alleviated hyperlipidemia in vivo. Both gene and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) were shown to be up-regulated by P.cocos extract. Additionally, P.cocos extract down-regulated the expressions of fatty acid synthesis-related genes sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), while up-regulated the expressions of cholesterol metabolism-related genes liver X receptor-α (LXRα), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which were reversed by the treatment with the PPARα inhibitor GW6471. CONCLUSION P.cocos extract ameliorates hyperlipidemia and lipid accumulation by regulating cholesterol homeostasis in hepatocytes through PPARα pathway. This study provides evidence that supplementation with P.cocos extract could be a potential strategy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shuyue Lei
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chaorui Guo
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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11
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Zhao H, Peng J. The Association Between Blood Mercury and Lipid Biomarkers in US Hypertensive Adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04103-w. [PMID: 38368312 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is detrimental to human health, but its impact on lipid biomarkers remains a subject of controversy. This study sought to delineate a clear link between blood Hg and lipid biomarkers correlated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), in hypertensive adults in the USA. METHODS This cross-sectional research gathered data from a total of 4415 participants sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The Holm-Bonferroni stepdown procedure was utilized to control the type I error rate in multiple comparisons. We employed multivariable linear regression models to assess the correlation between blood Hg and lipid biomarkers. Subsequently, subgroup analyses were conducted, categorized by both gender and race. Additionally, we used smooth curve fittings and generalized additive models to confirm the presence of non-linear relationships. When non-linearity was detected, we applied a recursive algorithm to calculate the inflection points. Finally, we established a weighted two-piecewise linear regression model to illustrate the associations on either side of the inflection point. RESULTS In our multivariable linear regression models, clear associations emerged. Specifically, positive correlations were observed between blood mercury and TC (β = 0.025; 95% CI 0.009 to 0.041; corrected P = 0.011), LDL-C (β = 0.022; 95% CI 0.007 to 0.036; corrected P = 0.012), and HDL-C (β = 0.007; 95% CI 0.001 to 0.013; corrected P = 0.058). However, there was no significant correlation with TG (β = - 0.007; 95% CI - 0.018 to 0.004; corrected P = 0.526). Notably, it has been demonstrated that distinct inverted U-shaped and U-shaped curves exist when stratified by gender in our analysis. CONCLUSIONS Blood Hg exhibited a positive correlation with TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C in hypertensive adults in the USA. Nonetheless, no significant association was observed with TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246003, China
- The Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiecheng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246003, China.
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12
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Liu T, Wang J, Tong Y, Wu L, Xie Y, He P, Lin S, Hu X. Integrating network pharmacology and animal experimental validation to investigate the action mechanism of oleanolic acid in obesity. J Transl Med 2024; 22:86. [PMID: 38246999 PMCID: PMC10802007 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, a condition associated with the development of widespread cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and other health complications, has emerged as a significant global health issue. Oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound that is widely distributed in various natural plants, has demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. However, the mechanism by which OA fights obesity has not been well studied. METHOD Network pharmacology was utilized to search for potential targets and pathways of OA against obesity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to validate the interaction of OA with core targets, and an animal model of obesity induced by high-fat eating was then employed to confirm the most central of these targets. RESULTS The network pharmacology study thoroughly examined 42 important OA targets for the treatment of obesity. The key biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), and molecular functions (MF) of OA for anti-obesity were identified using GO enrichment analysis, including intracellular receptor signaling, intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling, chromatin, nucleoplasm, receptor complex, endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and RNA polymerase II transcription Factor Activity. The KEGG/DAVID database enrichment study found that metabolic pathways, PPAR signaling pathways, cancer pathways/PPAR signaling pathways, insulin resistance, and ovarian steroidogenesis all play essential roles in the treatment of obesity and OA. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to screen nine main targets: PPARG, PPARA, MAPK3, NR3C1, PTGS2, CYP19A1, CNR1, HSD11B1, and AGTR1. Using molecular docking technology, the possible binding mechanism and degree of binding between OA and each important target were validated, demonstrating that OA has a good binding potential with each target. The molecular dynamics simulation's Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), and Radius of Gyration (Rg) further demonstrated that OA has strong binding stability with each target. Additional animal studies confirmed the significance of the core target PPARG and the core pathway PPAR signaling pathway in OA anti-obesity. CONCLUSION Overall, our study utilized a multifaceted approach to investigate the value and mechanisms of OA in treating obesity, thereby providing a novel foundation for the identification and development of natural drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lele Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujue Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuguang Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Xia J, Wang Z, Yu P, Yan X, Zhao J, Zhang G, Gong D, Zeng Z. Effect of Different Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Glucose Metabolism in High-Fat-Diet Induced Obese Rats. Foods 2024; 13:241. [PMID: 38254542 PMCID: PMC10815142 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity can be associated with significant metabolic disorders. Our previous study found that medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) improved lipid metabolism in obese rats. However, scant attention has been given to exploring the impact of MCTs on glucose metabolism in obese rats. This study is designed to examine the effects and mechanisms of three distinct MCTs on glucose metabolism in obese rats. To induce obesity, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet, followed by a 12-week treatment with caprylic triglyceride (CYT), capric triglyceride (CT), and lauric triglyceride (LT). The results showed that three types of MCT intervention reduced the levels of lipids (TC, TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c), hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (insulin, OGTT, HOMA-IR, and ISI), and inflammatory markers (IL-4, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in obese rats (p < 0.01), The above parameters have been minimally improved in the high-fat restoring group (HR) group. MCTs can modulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to alleviate insulin resistance and improve glucose metabolism in obese rats. Furthermore, MCTs can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and reduce the phosphorylation of PPARγser237 mediated by CDK5, which can improve insulin sensitivity without lipid deposition in obese rats. Among the MCT group, CT administration performed the best in the above pathways, with the lowest blood glucose level and insulin resistance. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the connection between health benefits and the specific type of MCT employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhixin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.X.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xianghui Yan
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Junxin Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China;
| | - Deming Gong
- New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research, 8 Ha Crescent, Auckland 2104, New Zealand;
| | - Zheling Zeng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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14
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Li J, Zhen H, Yang S, Yan Q, Jiang Z. Manno-oligosaccharides from Cassia Seed Gum Attenuate Atherosclerosis through Inflammation Modulation and Intestinal Barrier Integrity Improvement in ApoE -/- Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300187. [PMID: 37967354 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Manno-oligosaccharides from cassia seed gum (CMOS) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and regulatory effects on cholesterol metabolism. However, their protective effects against the progression of atherosclerosis (AS) and underlying molecular mechanisms have not been investigated. This study investigates the anti-atherosclerotic effects of CMOS on ApoE-/- mice. METHODS AND RESULTS CMOS are supplemented in atherosclerotic male ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat-high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD). After the 12-week intervention, CMOS at 1200 mg kg-1 ·bw d-1 significantly decrease the atherosclerotic lesion area by 0.63-fold and the aortic arch lesion size by 0.63-fold when compared to the HFHCD group. Moreover, inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions is reduced by CMOS intervention, and the levels of serum lipids and inflammatory cytokines are decreased. The number of goblet cells and the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins in the H-CMOS group increase, thus indicating that CMOS can restore intestinal barrier integrity in atherosclerotic mice. Furthermore, CMOS reshape the unbalanced gut microbiota in ApoE-/- mice caused by HFHCD, and reduce the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio and Faecalibaculum that exhibits positive relationships with inflammation. CONCLUSION CMOS inhibit inflammation, alter intestinal barrier integrity, and regulate gut microbiota to attenuate AS in ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongmin Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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15
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Wang Y, Pan Y, Hou M, Luo R, He J, Lin F, Xia X, Li P, He C, He P, Cheng S, Song Z. Danggui Shaoyao San ameliorates the lipid metabolism via the PPAR signaling pathway in a Danio rerio (zebrafish) model of hyperlipidemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115736. [PMID: 37852100 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of hyperlipidemia has a profound impact on individuals' daily physiological well-being. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy and promising prospects for clinical application. Leveraging network pharmacology and bioinformatics, we hypothesize that DSS can ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders in hyperlipidemia by modulating the PPAR signaling pathway. In this study, we employed a zebrafish model to investigate the impact of DSS on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia. Body weight alterations were monitored by pre- and postmodeling weight measurements. Behavioral assessments and quantification of liver biochemical markers were conducted using relevant assay kits. Pathways associated with lipid metabolism were identified through network pharmacology and GEO analysis, while PCR was utilized to assess genes linked to lipid metabolism. Western blotting was employed to analyze protein expression levels, and liver tissue underwent Oil Red O and immunofluorescence staining to evaluate liver lipid deposition. Our findings demonstrate that DSS effectively impedes weight gain and reduces liver lipid accumulation in zebrafish models with elevated lipid levels. The therapeutic effects of DSS on lipid metabolism are mediated through its modulation of the PPAR signaling pathway, resulting in a significant reduction in lipid accumulation within the body and alleviation of certain hyperlipidemia-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Mirong Hou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Rongsiqing Luo
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Jiawei He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Lin
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofang Xia
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Chunxiang He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Pan He
- Research Institute of Zhong Nan Grain and Oil Foods, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhenyan Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; National Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Chinese Medicinal Powder & Innovative Medicinal Jointly Established by Province and Ministry, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
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Zhang Y, Lin Y, Wu K, Jiang M, Li L, Liu Y. Pleurotus abieticola Polysaccharide Alleviates Hyperlipidemia Symptoms via Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3-Mediated Inflammatory Responses. Nutrients 2023; 15:4904. [PMID: 38068762 PMCID: PMC10708251 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is a metabolic syndrome induced by obesity, which has been widely recognized as a significant threat to human health. Pleurotus abieticola, an edible lignin-degrading fungus, remains relatively understudied in terms of its bioactivity and medicinal properties. In this study, the lipid-lowering effect of Pleurotus abieticola polysaccharide (PAPS1) was systematically explored in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced HLP mice. The findings demonstrated that the administration of PAPS1 significantly inhibited bodyweight gain, ameliorated blood glucose and lipid levels, reduced fat accumulation, and mitigated hepatic injury in HLP mice. In addition, PAPS1 demonstrated the capability to increase the levels of three distinct fecal metabolites while simultaneously reducing the levels of eight other fecal metabolites in HLP mice. According to biological detection, PAPS1 reduced the hepatic level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, -17A, -22, and -23, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Combined with proteomics, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that PAPS1 exerted suppressive effects on inflammation and oxidative damage by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in HLP mice. These findings offer evidence supporting the effectiveness of PAPS1 as a therapeutic agent in reducing lipid levels through its targeting of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Yingjie Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Keyi Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Ming Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang 157011, China;
| | - Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
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17
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龚 顺, 杨 杰, 张 金, 吴 兴, 江 山, 张 誉, 龚 广, 吴 宁, 孙 见, 吴 遵. [Yacon root extract improves lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats by inhibiting HMGCR expression and activating the PPAR α/CYP7A1/CPT-1 pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:1977-1983. [PMID: 38081618 PMCID: PMC10713474 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of yacon root extract on lipid metabolism in rats with hyperlipidemia (HLP) and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS SD rat models of HLP induced by high- fat diet feeding for 8 weeks were randomized into the model group, fenofibrate treatment group (27 mg/kg), and yacon extract treatment groups at doses of 5, 2.5 and 1.25 g/kg (n=10). The rats were given corresponding drug treatments via gavage for 8 weeks. After the treatments, the rats were observed for body weight changes, liver coefficient, liver pathology, and serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The mRNA and protein expressions of HMGCR, PPARα, CYP7A1, and CPT-1 in the liver were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with those in the model group, the rats treated with fenofibrate and 5 g/kg yacon root extract showed significantly slower body weight gain and lower liver coefficient (P < 0.05) with lower serum levels of TG, TC, and LDL- C (P < 0.05) but higher HDL- C level (P < 0.05). The HLP rat models showed obvious fatty degeneration and vacuolar changes in the liver, which were significantly alleviated by fenofibrate treatment and by treatment with yacon root extract in a dose-dependent manner. Both fenofibrate and 5 g/kg yacon root extract significantly lowered the mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGCR (P < 0.001) and increased the expressions of PPARα, CYP7A1, and CPT-1 in the liver of HLP rats (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Yacon root extract can reduce serum TG and TC levels in HLP rats possibly by inhibiting HMGCR expression and activating the PPARα/CYP7A1/CPT-1 signaling pathway, thereby promoting fatty acid β oxidation and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- 顺航 龚
- />贵州医科大学基础医学院化学与生物化学实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - 杰 杨
- />贵州医科大学基础医学院化学与生物化学实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - 金涛 张
- />贵州医科大学基础医学院化学与生物化学实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - 兴林 吴
- />贵州医科大学基础医学院化学与生物化学实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - 山 江
- />贵州医科大学基础医学院化学与生物化学实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - 誉麟 张
- />贵州医科大学基础医学院化学与生物化学实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - 广斌 龚
- />贵州医科大学基础医学院化学与生物化学实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - 宁 吴
- />贵州医科大学基础医学院化学与生物化学实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - 见飞 孙
- />贵州医科大学基础医学院化学与生物化学实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - 遵秋 吴
- />贵州医科大学基础医学院化学与生物化学实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Guan Y, Xie C, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Tian Z, Feng J, Shen X, Li H, Chang S, Zhao C, Chai R. Characterization and the cholesterol-lowering effect of dietary fiber from fermented black rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37334479 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Black rice was fermented with Neurospora crassa, after which the dietary fiber (DF) extracted from it was characterized and evaluated for its cholesterol-lowering effect in mice. The findings demonstrated that fermentation increased the level of soluble DF from 17.27% ± 0.12 to 29.69% ± 0.26 and increased the adsorption capacity of DF for water, oil, cholesterol, glucose and sodium cholate. The fermented DF had a more loose and porous structure than that extracted from unfermented rice. Additionally, feeding with DF from the fermented black rice significantly reduced body weight, lowered total cholesterol levels and improved the lipid profile in mice gavaged with a high dose (5 g per kg bw) or a low dose (2.5 g per kg·bw). ELISA showed that the hepatic expression of typical proteins and enzymes that are involved in cholesterol metabolism was regulated by the fermented rice DF, leading to reduced cholesterol production and increased cholesterol clearance. The fermented DF also modified the gut microbiota composition (e.g. Firmicutes reduced and Akkermansia increased), which promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, fermentation can modify the structure and function of DF in black rice and the fermented dietary fiber has excellent cholesterol lowering effects possibly by cholesterol adsorption, cholesterol metabolism modulation, and intestinal microflora regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Guan
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Chanyuan Xie
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Zhenyang Tian
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Jianing Feng
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Xiaoyong Shen
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Haiqin Li
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Shimin Chang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Changhui Zhao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Ran Chai
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
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19
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The Metabolites and Mechanism Analysis of Genistin against Hyperlipidemia via the UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer and Metabolomics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052242. [PMID: 36903488 PMCID: PMC10005657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistin, an isoflavone, has been reported to have multiple activities. However, its improvement of hyperlipidemia is still unclear, and the same is true with regard to its mechanism. In this study, a high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce a hyperlipidemic rat model. The metabolites of genistin in normal and hyperlipidemic rats were first identified to cause metabolic differences with Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS). The relevant factors were determined via ELISA, and the pathological changes of liver tissue were examined via H&E staining and Oil red O staining, which evaluated the functions of genistin. The related mechanism was elucidated through metabolomics and Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that 13 metabolites of genistin were identified in plasma from normal and hyperlipidemic rats. Of those metabolites, seven were found in normal rat, and three existed in two models, with those metabolites being involved in the reactions of decarbonylation, arabinosylation, hydroxylation, and methylation. Three metabolites, including the product of dehydroxymethylation, decarbonylation, and carbonyl hydrogenation, were identified in hyperlipidemic rats for the first time. Accordingly, the pharmacodynamic results first revealed that genistin could significantly reduce the level of lipid factors (p < 0.05), inhibited lipid accumulation in the liver, and reversed the liver function abnormalities caused by lipid peroxidation. For metabolomics results, HFD could significantly alter the levels of 15 endogenous metabolites, and genistin could reverse them. Creatine might be a beneficial biomarker for the activity of genistin against hyperlipidemia, as revealed via multivariate correlation analysis. These results, which have not been reported in the previous literature, may provide the foundation for genistin as a new lipid-lowering agent.
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20
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Rui X, Wu X, Rong Z, Wang Z. Upgulation of lncRNA GASL1 inhibits atherosclerosis by regulating miR-106a/LKB1 axis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:11. [PMID: 36627571 PMCID: PMC9832782 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common frequently-occurring disease in the clinic and a serious threat to human health. This research aimed to explore the value between GASL1 and AS. METHODS The expression and values of GASL1 in AS patients were revealed by qRT-PCR and ROC curve. The HUVEC cells were induced by ox-LDL to construct in-vitro models. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The inflammatory situation was reflected by the ELISA assay. Double luciferase reporter gene assay verified the regulatory relationship between GASL1 and miR-106a, miR-106a and LKB1. RESULTS The levels of GASL1 was lower in AS group than those in control group. The value of GASL1 in predicting AS patients was also tested by the ROC curve. After HUVEC cells were induced by ox-LDL, the levels of GASL1 and LKB1 decreased significantly, while the level of miR-106a increased significantly. Upregulation of LKB1 reversed the effect of upregulation of GASL1 on viability, apoptosis, and inflammation of HUVEC cells induced by ox-LDL. CONCLUSION Overexpression of GASL1 might suppress ox-LDL-induced HUVEC cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation by regulating miR-106a/LKB1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Rui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Liyang People’s Hospital, Liyang, 213399 China
| | - Xinning Wu
- grid.452710.5Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, No. 126 Tai’an Road, Donggang District, Rizhao, 276827 China
| | - Zheyi Rong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Renhe Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 201900 China
| | - Zipeng Wang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai’an, 223000 China
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21
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Pan J, Ouyang X, Jin Q, Wang W, Xie J, Yu B, Ling Z, Wu Q, Zheng B. Hypolipidemic effect of ethanol extract from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. leaves in hyperlipidemia rats via activation of the leptin/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Mol Med 2022; 28:159. [PMID: 36539694 PMCID: PMC9768954 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the protective role of ethanol extract from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. leaf (COE) in hyperlipidemia via the leptin/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. METHODS Male Sprague‒Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 8): normal-fat diet (NMD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD treated with simvastatin (SIM, 5 mg/kg/day), and HFD treated with COE (40, 80, 160 mg/kg/day). Lipid parameters, oxidative stress factors, serum leptin, body weight, hepatic wet weight and liver index were measured. Proteins in the leptin/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in liver tissues were determined using western blotting. Additionally, the expression levels of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) were quantified using western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS COE decreased HFD-induced increases in body weight, hepatic wet weight and the liver index. HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress were observed in rat serum and livers. Additionally, COE repressed these two symptoms in rats fed a HFD. Moreover, COE caused CYP7A1 upregulation and HMGCR downregulation in HFD-fed rats. Mechanistically, COE induced the expression of leptin receptor (OB-Rb) and JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in HFD-treated rats. CONCLUSION COE activates the leptin/JAK2/STAT3 pathway, leading to an improvement in liver function and lipid metabolism and ultimately alleviating hyperlipidemia in rats. Therefore, COE may be a potential hypolipidemic drug for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Xilin Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Qi Jin
- grid.440714.20000 0004 1797 9454College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Wei Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Physiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Jiali Xie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Baoming Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Zhijie Ling
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Qizhen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Baoping Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
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22
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Liang K, Dai JY. Progress of potential drugs targeted in lipid metabolism research. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1067652. [PMID: 36588702 PMCID: PMC9800514 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1067652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a class of complex hydrophobic molecules derived from fatty acids that not only form the structural basis of biological membranes but also regulate metabolism and maintain energy balance. The role of lipids in obesity and other metabolic diseases has recently received much attention, making lipid metabolism one of the attractive research areas. Several metabolic diseases are linked to lipid metabolism, including diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Additionally, lipid metabolism contributes to the rapid growth of cancer cells as abnormal lipid synthesis or uptake enhances the growth of cancer cells. This review introduces the potential drug targets in lipid metabolism and summarizes the important potential drug targets with recent research progress on the corresponding small molecule inhibitor drugs. The significance of this review is to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of metabolic diseases related to lipid metabolism and the treatment of tumors, hoping to deepen the understanding of lipid metabolism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liang
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Kai Liang, ; Jian-Ye Dai,
| | - Jian-Ye Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Kai Liang, ; Jian-Ye Dai,
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23
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Duan M, Guo X, Chen X, Guo M, Zhang M, Xu H, Wang C, Yang Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals hepatotoxicity in zebrafish induced by cyhalofop‑butyl. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106322. [PMID: 36240591 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyhalofop‑butyl is a highly effective aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide and widely used for weed control in paddy fields. With the increasing residue of cyhalofop‑butyl, it poses a threat to the survival of aquatic organisms. Here, we investigated the effect of cyhalofop‑butyl on zebrafish to explore its potential hepatotoxic mechanism. The results showed that cyhalofop‑butyl induced hepatocyte degeneration, vacuolation and necrosis of larvae after embryonic exposure for 4 days and caused liver atrophy after 5 days. Meanwhile, the activities of enzymes related to liver function were significantly increased by 0.2 mg/L cyhalofop‑butyl and higher, such as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). And the contents of triglyceride (TG) involved in lipid metabolism were significantly decreased by 0.4 mg/L cyhalofop-buty. The expression of genes related to liver development was also significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, transcriptome results showed that the pathways involved in metabolism, immune system and endocrine system were significantly impacted, which may be related to hepatoxicity. To sum up, the present study demonstrated the hepatoxicity caused by cyhalofop-buty and its underlying mechanism. The results may provide new insights for the risk of cyhalofop‑butyl to aquatic organisms and new horizons for the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuanjun Guo
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangguang Chen
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengyu Guo
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Sun C, Wang Z, Hu L, Zhang X, Chen J, Yu Z, Liu L, Wu M. Targets of statins intervention in LDL-C metabolism: Gut microbiota. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972603. [PMID: 36158845 PMCID: PMC9492915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing researches have considered gut microbiota as a new “metabolic organ,” which mediates the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. In addition, the liver is an important organ of lipid metabolism, and abnormal lipid metabolism can cause the elevation of blood lipids. Among them, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is related with ectopic lipid deposition and metabolic diseases, and statins are widely used to lower LDL-C. In recent years, the gut microbiota has been shown to mediate statins efficacy, both in animals and humans. The effect of statins on microbiota abundance has been deeply explored, and the pathways through which statins reduce the LDL-C levels by affecting the abundance of microbiota have gradually been explored. In this review, we discussed the interaction between gut microbiota and cholesterol metabolism, especially the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins mediated by gut microbiota, via AMPK-PPARγ-SREBP1C/2, FXR and PXR-related, and LPS-TLR4-Myd88 pathways, which may help to explain the individual differences in statins efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangXin Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - ZePing Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LanQing Hu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoNan Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - JiYe Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - ZongLiang Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LongTao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: LongTao Liu
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Min Wu
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Zhou C, Zhang W, Lin H, Zhang L, Wu F, Wang Y, Yu S, Peng X, Cheng W, Li M, Pan X, Huang Z, Zhang W. Effect of theaflavin-3,3′-digallate on leptin-deficient induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease might be related to lipid metabolism regulated by the Fads1/PPARδ/Fabp4 axis and gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:925264. [PMID: 36105184 PMCID: PMC9464872 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.925264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the risk factors for hepatitis, cirrhosis, and even hepatic carcinoma, has been a global public health problem. The polyphenol compound theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3), mainly extracted from black tea, has been reported to produce an effect on hypoglycemic and antilipid deposition in vitro. In our study, we further investigated the function and novel mechanisms of TF3 in protecting NAFLD in vivo. By using leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) mice with NAFLD symptoms, TF3 treatment prevented body weight and waistline gain, reduced lipid accumulation, and alleviated liver function injury, as well as decreased serum lipid levels and TG levels in livers in ob/ob mice, observing no side effects. Furthermore, the transcriptome sequencing of liver tissue showed that TF3 treatment corrected the expression profiles of livers in ob/ob mice compared with that of the model group. It is interesting to note that TF3 might regulate lipid metabolism via the Fads1/PPARδ/Fabp4 axis. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that TF3 increased the abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, norank_f_Ruminococcaceae, and GCA-900066575 and significantly decreased that of Parvibacter. Taken together, the effect of TF3 on NAFLD might be related to lipid metabolism regulated by the Fads1/PPARδ/Fabp4 axis and gut microbiota. TF3 might be a promising candidate for NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyun Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Susu Yu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenrui Huang, ; Wenjuan Zhang,
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenrui Huang, ; Wenjuan Zhang,
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