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Ni D, Mao S, Yang Y, Tian J, Chen C, Tu H, Ye X, Yang F. Phenolic metabolites changes during baijiu fermentation through non-targeted metabonomic. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101531. [PMID: 38911472 PMCID: PMC11192982 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the changes of phenolic metabolite during different grains fermentation stages of Chinse Baijiu, the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) was applied to identify and analyze the different phenolic metabolites, combined with principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Results indicated that significant differences in phenolic metabolites during different fermentation stages were found. Among the 231 phenolic metabolites detected, 36, 31, 19, 23, 14, and 50 differential phenolic metabolites were screened between different groups using partial least squares discriminant analysis. Twelve metabolic pathways with high correlation of differential phenolic metabolites and 23 main participating differential metabolites were identified through KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. The present study preliminarily revealed the differences of phenolic metabolites at different fermentation stages, and providing a theoretical basis for the further improving of the taste and quality of Chinese Baijiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derang Ni
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Shuifang Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yubo Yang
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Jinhu Tian
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Huabin Tu
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Liu L, Kong J, Fan P, Wang Y, Duan W, Liang Z, Matus JT, Dai Z. Supplementing with monochromatic blue LED light during the day, rather than at night, increases anthocyanins in the berry skin of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). PLANTA 2024; 260:69. [PMID: 39127837 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Supplying monochromatic blue LED light during the day, but not at night, promotes early coloration and improves anthocyanin accumulation in the skin of grape berries. Specific light spectra, such as blue light, are known to promote the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in fruit skins. However, research is scarce on whether supplement of blue light during different periods of one day can differ in their effect. Here, we compared the consequences of supplying blue light during the day and night on the accumulation of anthocyanins in pigmented grapevine (Vitis vinifera) berries. Two treatments of supplemented monochromatic blue light were tested, with light emitting diodes (LED) disposed close to the fruit zone, irradiating between 8:00 and 18:00 (Dayblue) or between 20:00 and 6:00 (Nightblue). Under the Dayblue treatment, berry coloration was accelerated and total anthocyanins in berry skins increased faster than the control (CK) and also when compared to the Nightblue condition. In fact, total anthocyanin content was similar between CK and Nightblue. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that Dayblue slightly improved the relative expression of the anthocyanin-structural gene UFGT and its regulator MYBA1. Instead, the expression of the light-reception and -signaling related genes CRY, HY5, HYH, and COP1 rapidly increased under Dayblue. This study provides insights into the effect of supplementing monochromatic LED blue light during the different periods of one day, on anthocyanins accumulation in the berry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junhua Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Peige Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Zhang Z, Liang C, Ren Y, Lv Z, Huang J. Interaction of ubiquitin-like protein SILENCING DEFECTIVE 2 with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 is required for regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to sucrose. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1374-1386. [PMID: 38558017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been well documented at the transcriptional and translational levels. By contrast, how anthocyanin biosynthesis is epigenetically regulated remains largely unknown. In this study, we employed genetic, molecular biology, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to identify a regulatory module essential for repressing the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis through chromatin remodeling. We found that SILENCING DEFECTIVE 2 (SDE2), which was previously identified as a negative regulator for sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis, is cleaved into N-terminal SDE2-UBL and C-terminal SDE2-C fragments at the first diglycine motif, and the cleaved SDE2-C, which can fully complement the sde2 mutant, is localized in the nucleus and physically interacts with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) in vitro and in vivo. Genetic analyses showed that both SDE2 and LHP1 act as negative factors for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Consistently, immunoblot analysis revealed that the level of LHP1-bound histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) significantly decreases in sde2 and lhp1 mutants, compared to wild-type (WT). In addition, we found that sugar can induce expression of SDE2 and LHP1, and enhance the level of the nucleus-localized SDE2-C. Taken together, our data suggest that the SDE2-C-LHP1 module is required for repression of gene expression through H3K27me3 modification during sugar-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Chengcheng Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhaojun Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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Bacelar E, Pinto T, Anjos R, Morais MC, Oliveira I, Vilela A, Cosme F. Impacts of Climate Change and Mitigation Strategies for Some Abiotic and Biotic Constraints Influencing Fruit Growth and Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1942. [PMID: 39065469 PMCID: PMC11280748 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Factors such as extreme temperatures, light radiation, and nutritional condition influence the physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes associated with fruit development and its quality. Besides abiotic stresses, biotic constraints can also affect fruit growth and quality. Moreover, there can be interactions between stressful conditions. However, it is challenging to predict and generalize the risks of climate change scenarios on seasonal patterns of growth, development, yield, and quality of fruit species because their responses are often highly complex and involve changes at multiple levels. Advancements in genetic editing technologies hold great potential for the agricultural sector, particularly in enhancing fruit crop traits. These improvements can be tailored to meet consumer preferences, which is crucial for commercial success. Canopy management and innovative training systems are also key factors that contribute to maximizing yield efficiency and improving fruit quality, which are essential for the competitiveness of orchards. Moreover, the creation of habitats that support pollinators is a critical aspect of sustainable agriculture, as they play a significant role in the production of many crops, including fruits. Incorporating these strategies allows fruit growers to adapt to changing climate conditions, which is increasingly important for the stability of food production. By investing in these areas, fruit growers can stay ahead of challenges and opportunities in the industry, ultimately leading to increased success and profitability. In this review, we aim to provide an updated overview of the current knowledge on this important topic. We also provide recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Bacelar
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Teresa Pinto
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Rosário Anjos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Maria Cristina Morais
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Ivo Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Alice Vilela
- Chemistry Research Centre–Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda Cosme
- Chemistry Research Centre–Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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Kharazian N, Dehkordi FJ, Xiang CL. Metabolomics-based profiling of five Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) species using untargeted data analysis workflow. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024. [PMID: 39003613 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The genus Salvia L., a member of the family Lamiaceae, is a keystone genus with a wide range of medicinal properties. It possesses a rich metabolite source that has long been used to treat different disorders. OBJECTIVES Due to a deficiency of untargeted metabolomic profiling in the genus Salvia, this work attempts to investigate a comprehensive mass spectral library matching, computational data annotations, exclusive biomarkers, specific chemotypes, intraspecific metabolite profile variation, and metabolite enrichment by a case study of five medicinal species of Salvia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aerial parts of each species were subjected to QTRAP liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis workflow based on untargeted metabolites. A comprehensive and multivariate analysis was acquired on the metabolite dataset utilizing MetaboAnalyst 6.0 and the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) Web Platform. RESULTS The untargeted approach empowered the identification of 117 metabolites by library matching and 92 nodes annotated by automated matching. A machine learning algorithm as substructural topic modeling, MS2LDA, was further implemented to explore the metabolite substructures, resulting in four Mass2Motifs. The automated library newly discovered a total of 23 metabolites. In addition, 87 verified biomarkers of library matching, 58 biomarkers of GNPS annotations, and 11 specific chemotypes were screened. CONCLUSION Integrative spectral library matching and automated annotation by the GNPS platform provide comprehensive metabolite profiling through a workflow. In addition, QTRAP LC-MS/MS with multivariate analysis unveiled reliable information about inter and intraspecific levels of differentiation. The rigorous investigation of metabolite profiling presents a large-scale overview and new insights for chemotaxonomy and pharmaceutical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaz Kharazian
- Department of Botany, Central Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Jafari Dehkordi
- Department of Botany, Central Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of New Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Chun-Lei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Wang Y, Chen L, Yao Y, Chen L, Cui Y, An L, Li X, Bai Y, Yao X, Wu K. Investigating the regulatory role of HvANT2 in anthocyanin biosynthesis through protein-motif interaction in Qingke. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17736. [PMID: 39006012 PMCID: PMC11246018 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there are no reports on the HvbHLH gene family in the recent barley genome (Morex_V3). Furthermore, the structural genes related to anthocyanin synthesis that interact with HvANT2 have yet to be fully identified. Methods In this study, a bioinformatics approach was used to systematically analyze the HvbHLH gene family. The expression of this gene family was analyzed through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and the gene with the most significant expression level, HvANT2, was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in different tissues of two differently colored varieties. Finally, structural genes related to anthocyanin synthesis and their interactions with HvANT2 were verified using a yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay. Results The study identified 161 bHLH genes, designated as HvbHLH1 to HvbHLH161, from the most recent barley genome available. Evolutionary tree analysis categorized barley bHLH TFs into 21 subfamilies, demonstrating a pronounced similarity to rice and maize. Through RNA-Seq analysis of purple and white grain Qingke, we discovered a significant transcription factor (TF), HvANT2 (HvbHLH78), associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Subsequently, HvANT2 protein-motifs interaction assays revealed 41 interacting motifs, three of which were validated through Y1H experiments. These validated motifs were found in the promoter regions of key structural genes (CHI, F3'H, and GT) integral to the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. These findings provide substantial evidence for the pivotal role of HvANT2 TF in anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Youhua Yao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lupeng Chen
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yongmei Cui
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Likun An
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yixiong Bai
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Kunlun Wu
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
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Yücetepe M, Tuğba Özaslan Z, Karakuş MŞ, Akalan M, Karaaslan A, Karaaslan M, Başyiğit B. Unveiling the multifaceted world of anthocyanins: Biosynthesis pathway, natural sources, extraction methods, copigmentation, encapsulation techniques, and future food applications. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114437. [PMID: 38763684 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Numerous datasets regarding anthocyanins have been noted elsewhere. These previous studies emphasized that all processes must be carried out meticulously from the source used to obtain anthocyanins to their inclusion in relevant applications. However, today, full standardization has not yet been achieved for these processes. For this, presenting the latest developments regarding anthocyanins under one roof would be a useful approach to guide the scientific literature. The current review was designed to serve the stated points. In this context, their biosynthesis pathway was elaborated. Superior potential of fruits and certain by-products in obtaining anthocyanins was revealed compared to their other counterparts. Health-promoting benefits of anthocyanins were detailed. Also, the situation of innovative techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction, subcritical water extraction, pulse electrical field extraction, and so on) in the anthocyanin extraction was explained. The stability issues, which is one of the most important problems limiting the use of anthocyanins in applications were discussed. The role of copigmentation and various encapsulation techniques in solving these stability problems was summarized. This critical review is a map that provides detailed information about the processes from obtaining anthocyanins, which stand out with their functional properties, to their incorporation into various systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Yücetepe
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tuğba Özaslan
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şükrü Karakuş
- Harran University, Application and Research Center for Science and Technology, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Merve Akalan
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Asliye Karaaslan
- Harran University, Vocational School, Food Processing Programme, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karaaslan
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Bülent Başyiğit
- Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.
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Wang B, Chen X, Huang S, Tan J, Zhang H, Wang J, Chen R, Zhang M. Bulk Segregant Analysis Sequencing and RNA-Seq Analyses Reveal Candidate Genes Associated with Sepal Color Phenotype of Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1385. [PMID: 38794455 PMCID: PMC11124939 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Eggplant is a highly significant vegetable crop and extensively cultivated worldwide. Sepal color is considered one of the major commercial traits of eggplant. Eggplant sepals develop from petals, and sepals have the ability to change color by accumulating anthocyanins, but whether the eggplants in sepal and their biosynthetic pathways are the same as those in petals is not known. To date, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of sepal color formation. In this study, we performed bulked segregant analysis and transcriptome sequencing using eggplant sepals and obtained 1,452,898 SNPs and 182,543 InDel markers, respectively, as well as 123.65 Gb of clean data using transcriptome sequencing. Through marker screening, the genes regulating eggplant sepals were localized to an interval of 2.6 cM on chromosome 10 by bulked segregant analysis sequencing and transcriptome sequencing and co-analysis, combined with screening of molecular markers by capillary electrophoresis. Eight possible candidate genes were then screened to further interpret the regulatory incentives for the eggplant sepal color.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Zhang
- Wuhan Vegetable Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430065, China; (B.W.); (X.C.); (S.H.); (J.T.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (R.C.)
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9
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Chu LL, Tran CTB, Pham DTK, Nguyen HTA, Nguyen MH, Pham NM, Nguyen ATV, Phan DT, Do HM, Nguyen QH. Metabolic Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for the Production of Flavonoids and Stilbenoids. Molecules 2024; 29:2252. [PMID: 38792114 PMCID: PMC11123965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and stilbenoids, crucial secondary metabolites abundant in plants and fungi, display diverse biological and pharmaceutical activities, including potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. However, conventional production methods, such as chemical synthesis and plant extraction, face challenges in sustainability and yield. Hence, there is a notable shift towards biological production using microorganisms like Escherichia coli and yeast. Yet, the drawbacks of using E. coli and yeast as hosts for these compounds persist. For instance, yeast's complex glycosylation profile can lead to intricate protein production scenarios, including hyperglycosylation issues. Consequently, Corynebacterium glutamicum emerges as a promising alternative, given its adaptability and recent advances in metabolic engineering. Although extensively used in biotechnological applications, the potential production of flavonoid and stilbenoid in engineered C. glutamicum remains largely untapped compared to E. coli. This review explores the potential of metabolic engineering in C. glutamicum for biosynthesis, highlighting its versatility as a cell factory and assessing optimization strategies for these pathways. Additionally, various metabolic engineering methods, including genomic editing and biosensors, and cofactor regeneration are evaluated, with a focus on C. glutamicum. Through comprehensive discussion, the review offers insights into future perspectives in production, aiding researchers and industry professionals in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Luong Chu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Chau T. Bang Tran
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
| | - Duyen T. Kieu Pham
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
| | - Hoa T. An Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
| | - Mi Ha Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
| | - Nhung Mai Pham
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Anh T. Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Dung T. Phan
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
| | - Ha Minh Do
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Quang Huy Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
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10
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Chen S, Wang X, Cheng Y, Gao H, Chen X. Effects of Supplemental Lighting on Flavonoid and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Strawberry Flesh Revealed via Metabolome and Transcriptome Co-Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1070. [PMID: 38674479 PMCID: PMC11055167 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The spectral composition of light influences the biosynthesis of flavonoids in many plants. However, the detailed composition of flavonoids and anthocyanins and the molecular basis for their biosynthesis in strawberry fruits under two light-quality treatments, red light supplemented with blue light (RB) and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, remain unclear. In this study, the content of flavonoids and anthocyanins was significantly increased in strawberry fruits under RB light and UVB, respectively. The content of flavonoids and anthocyanins in strawberry fruits under UVB light was dramatically higher than that in strawberry fruits irradiated with RB light, and a total of 518 metabolites were detected by means of LC-MS/MS analysis. Among them, 18 phenolic acids, 23 flavonoids, and 8 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated in the strawberry fruits irradiated with red/blue (RB) light compared to 30 phenolic acids, 46 flavonoids, and 9 anthocyanins in fruits irradiated with UVB. The major genes associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins, including structural genes and transcription factors (TFs), were differentially expressed in the strawberry fruits under RB and UVB irradiation, as determined through RNA-seq data analysis. A correlation test of transcriptome and metabolite profiling showed that the expression patterns of most genes in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids and anthocyanins were closely correlated with the differential accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins. Two TFs, bZIP (FvH4_2g36400) and AP2 (FvH4_1g21210), induced by RB and UVB irradiation, respectively, exhibited similar expression patterns to most structural genes, which were closely correlated with six and eight flavonoids, respectively. These results indicated that these two TFs regulated the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins in strawberry fruit under RB light and UVB, respectively. These results provide a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins and the molecular basis for their biosynthesis in strawberry fruits under RB light and UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hongsheng Gao
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.C.); (Y.C.)
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11
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Wang X, Zhou Y, You C, Yang J, Chen Z, Tang D, Ni J, Li P, Wang L, Zhu K, Deng W, Wu H, Bao R, Liu Z, Meng P, Yang S, Rong T, Liu J. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qSRC3 controlling the silk color in maize (Zea mays L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:90. [PMID: 38555318 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Fine mapping of the maize QTL qSRC3, responsible for red silk, uncovered the candidate gene ZmMYB20, which encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, has light-sensitive expression, and putatively regulates genes expression associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Colorless silk is a key characteristic contributing to the visual quality of fresh corn intended for market distribution. Nonetheless, the identification of Mendelian trait loci and associated genes that control silk color has been scarce. In this study, a F2 population arising from the hybridization of the single-segment substitution line qSRC3MT1 with red silk, carrying an introgressed allele from teosinte (Zea mays ssp. mexicana), and the recurrent maize inbred line Mo17, characterized by light green silk, was utilized for fine mapping. We found that the red silk trait is controlled by a semi-dominant genetic locus known as qSRC3, and its expression is susceptible to light-mediated inhibition. Moreover, qSRC3 explained 68.78% of the phenotypic variance and was delimited to a 133.2 kb region, which includes three genes. Subsequent expression analyses revealed that ZmMYB20 (Zm00001d039700), which encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, was the key candidate gene within qSRC3. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays provided evidence that ZmMYB20 suppresses the expression of two crucial anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, namely ZmF3H and ZmUFGT, by directly binding to their respective promoter regions. Our findings underscore the significance of light-inhibited ZmMYB20 in orchestrating the spatial and temporal regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. These results advance the production of colorless silk in fresh corn, responding to the misconception that fresh corn with withered colored silk is not fresh and providing valuable genetic resources for the improvement of sweet and waxy maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chong You
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jinchang Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhengjie Chen
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dengguo Tang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jixing Ni
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Peng Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Le Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kaili Zhu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wujiao Deng
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ruifan Bao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pengxu Meng
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sijia Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tingzhao Rong
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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12
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Wu X, Yang M, Liu C, Kuang R, He H, Zhou C, Wei Y. Transcriptome, Plant Hormone, and Metabolome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Purple Pericarp Formation in 'Zihui' Papaya ( Carica papaya L.). Molecules 2024; 29:1485. [PMID: 38611765 PMCID: PMC11013584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The color of the pericarp is a crucial characteristic that influences the marketability of papaya fruit. Prior to ripening, normal papaya exhibits a green pericarp, whereas the cultivar 'Zihui' displays purple ring spots on the fruit tip, which significantly affects the fruit's visual appeal. To understand the mechanism behind the formation of purple pericarp, this study performed a thorough examination of the transcriptome, plant hormone, and metabolome. Based on the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS system, a total of 35 anthocyanins and 11 plant hormones were identified, with 27 anthocyanins and two plant hormones exhibiting higher levels of abundance in the purple pericarp. In the purple pericarp, 14 anthocyanin synthesis genes were up-regulated, including CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'5'H, F3'H, ANS, OMT, and CYP73A. Additionally, through co-expression network analysis, three MYBs were identified as potential key regulators of anthocyanin synthesis by controlling genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthesis. As a result, we have identified numerous key genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis and developed new insights into how the purple pericarp of papaya is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chenping Zhou
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.W.)
| | - Yuerong Wei
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.W.)
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13
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de los Cobos FP, García-Gómez BE, Orduña-Rubio L, Batlle I, Arús P, Matus JT, Eduardo I. Exploring large-scale gene coexpression networks in peach ( Prunus persica L.): a new tool for predicting gene function. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad294. [PMID: 38487296 PMCID: PMC10939413 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Peach is a model for Prunus genetics and genomics, however, identifying and validating genes associated to peach breeding traits is a complex task. A gene coexpression network (GCN) capable of capturing stable gene-gene relationships would help researchers overcome the intrinsic limitations of peach genetics and genomics approaches and outline future research opportunities. In this study, we created four GCNs from 604 Illumina RNA-Seq libraries. We evaluated the performance of every GCN in predicting functional annotations using an algorithm based on the 'guilty-by-association' principle. The GCN with the best performance was COO300, encompassing 21 956 genes. To validate its performance predicting gene function, we performed two case studies. In case study 1, we used two genes involved in fruit flesh softening: the endopolygalacturonases PpPG21 and PpPG22. Genes coexpressing with both genes were extracted and referred to as melting flesh (MF) network. Finally, we performed an enrichment analysis of MF network and compared the results with the current knowledge regarding peach fruit softening. The MF network mostly included genes involved in cell wall expansion and remodeling, and with expressions triggered by ripening-related phytohormones, such as ethylene, auxin, and methyl jasmonate. In case study 2, we explored potential targets of the anthocyanin regulator PpMYB10.1 by comparing its gene-centered coexpression network with that of its grapevine orthologues, identifying a common regulatory network. These results validated COO300 as a powerful tool for peach and Prunus research. This network, renamed as PeachGCN v1.0, and the scripts required to perform a function prediction analysis are available at https://github.com/felipecobos/PeachGCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pérez de los Cobos
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) , Mas Bové, Ctra. Reus-El Morell Km 3,8 43120 Constantí Tarragona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz E García-Gómez
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Orduña-Rubio
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, Paterna, 46908, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignasi Batlle
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) , Mas Bové, Ctra. Reus-El Morell Km 3,8 43120 Constantí Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pere Arús
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, Paterna, 46908, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iban Eduardo
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Chachar Z, Lai R, Ahmed N, Lingling M, Chachar S, Paker NP, Qi Y. Cloned genes and genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize, a comparative review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1310634. [PMID: 38328707 PMCID: PMC10847539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1310634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant-based pigments that are primarily present in berries, grapes, purple yam, purple corn and black rice. The research on fruit corn with a high anthocyanin content is not sufficiently extensive. Considering its crucial role in nutrition and health it is vital to conduct further studies on how anthocyanin accumulates in fruit corn and to explore its potential for edible and medicinal purposes. Anthocyanin biosynthesis plays an important role in maize stems (corn). Several beneficial compounds, particularly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, perlagonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and their malonylated derivatives have been identified. C1, C2, Pl1, Pl2, Sh2, ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 harbored functional alleles that played a role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in maize. The Sh2 gene in maize regulates sugar-to-starch conversion, thereby influencing kernel quality and nutritional content. ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 are key regulatory genes in maize that control light responses and photomorphogenesis. This review concludes the molecular identification of all the genes encoding structural enzymes of the anthocyanin pathway in maize by describing the cloning and characterization of these genes. Our study presents important new understandings of the molecular processes behind the manufacture of anthocyanins in maize, which will contribute to the development of genetically modified variants of the crop with increased color and possible health advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - RuiQiang Lai
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ma Lingling
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - YongWen Qi
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Sun M, Shen Y. Integrating the multiple functions of CHLH into chloroplast-derived signaling fundamental to plant development and adaptation as well as fruit ripening. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111892. [PMID: 37821024 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl)-mediated oxygenic photosynthesis sustains life on Earth. Greening leaves play fundamental roles in plant growth and crop yield, correlating with the idea that more Chls lead to better adaptation. However, they face significant challenges from various unfavorable environments. Chl biosynthesis hinges on the first committed step, which involves inserting Mg2+ into protoporphyrin. This step is facilitated by the H subunit of magnesium chelatase (CHLH) and features a conserved mechanism from cyanobacteria to plants. For better adaptation to fluctuating land environments, especially drought, CHLH evolves multiple biological functions, including Chl biosynthesis, retrograde signaling, and abscisic acid (ABA) responses. Additionally, it integrates into various chloroplast-derived signaling pathways, encompassing both retrograde signaling and hormonal signaling. The former comprises ROS (reactive oxygen species), heme, GUN (genomes uncoupled), MEcPP (methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate), β-CC (β-cyclocitral), and PAP (3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate). The latter involves phytohormones like ABA, ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, strigolactone, brassinolide, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. Together, these elements create a coordinated regulatory network tailored to plant development and adaptation. An intriguing example is how drought-mediated improvement of fruit quality provides insights into chloroplast-derived signaling, aiding the shift from vegetative to reproductive growth. In this context, we explore the integration of CHLH's multifaceted roles into chloroplast-derived signaling, which lays the foundation for plant development and adaptation, as well as fruit ripening and quality. In the future, manipulating chloroplast-derived signaling may offer a promising avenue to enhance crop yield and quality through the homeostasis, function, and regulation of Chls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuanyue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
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16
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Zhou B, Zheng B, Wu W. The ncRNAs Involved in the Regulation of Abiotic Stress-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:55. [PMID: 38247480 PMCID: PMC10812613 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved complicated defense and adaptive systems to grow in various abiotic stress environments such as drought, cold, and salinity. Anthocyanins belong to the secondary metabolites of flavonoids with strong antioxidant activity in response to various abiotic stress and enhance stress tolerance. Anthocyanin accumulation often accompanies the resistance to abiotic stress in plants to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent research evidence showed that many regulatory pathways such as osmoregulation, antioxidant response, plant hormone response, photosynthesis, and respiration regulation are involved in plant adaption to stress. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in relation to abiotic stress response have remained obscure. Here, we summarize the current research progress of specific regulators including small RNAs, and lncRNAs involved in the molecular regulation of abiotic stress-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, an integrated regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcription factors, and stress response factors is also discussed. Understanding molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis for ROS scavenging in various abiotic stress responses will benefit us for resistance breeding in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Baojiang Zheng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Weilin Wu
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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17
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Luo L, Molthoff J, Li Q, Liu Y, Luo S, Li N, Xuan S, Wang Y, Shen S, Bovy AG, Zhao J, Chen X. Identification of candidate genes associated with less-photosensitive anthocyanin phenotype using an EMS mutant ( pind) in eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1282661. [PMID: 38169942 PMCID: PMC10758619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a highly nutritious and economically important vegetable crop. However, the fruit peel of eggplant often shows poor coloration owing to low-light intensity during cultivation, especially in the winter. The less-photosensitive varieties produce anthocyanin in low light or even dark conditions, making them valuable breeding materials. Nevertheless, genes responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis in less-photosensitive eggplant varieties are not characterized. In this study, an EMS mutant, named purple in the dark (pind), was used to identify the key genes responsible for less-photosensitive coloration. Under natural conditions, the peel color and anthocyanin content in pind fruits were similar to that of wildtype '14-345'. The bagged pind fruits were light purple, whereas those of '14-345' were white; and the anthocyanin content in the pind fruit peel was significantly higher than that in '14-345'. Genetic analysis revealed that the less-photosensitive trait was controlled by a single dominant gene. The candidate gene was mapped on chromosome 10 in the region 7.72 Mb to 11.71 Mb. Thirty-five differentially expressed genes, including 12 structural genes, such as CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, and UFGT, and three transcription factors MYB113, GL3, and TTG2, were identified in pind using RNA-seq. Four candidate genes EGP21875 (myb domain protein 113), EGP21950 (unknown protein), EGP21953 (CAAX amino-terminal protease family protein), and EGP21961 (CAAX amino-terminal protease family protein) were identified as putative genes associated with less-photosensitive anthocyanin biosynthesis in pind. These findings may clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying less-photosensitive anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jos Molthoff
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Shuangxia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuxin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuxing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Arnaud G. Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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18
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Tang L, Xu S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Chen Q, Tang H. A Novel R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor FaMYB10-like Promotes Light-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cultivated Strawberry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16561. [PMID: 38068883 PMCID: PMC10706590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins widely accumulate in the vegetative and reproductive tissues of strawberries and play an important role in stress resistance and fruit quality. Compared with other fruits, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry vegetative tissues. In this study, we revealed an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, FaMYB10-like (FaMYB10L), which positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation and was induced by light in the petiole and runner of cultivated strawberry. FaMYB10L is a homologue of FveMYB10-like and a nuclear localization protein. Transient overexpression of FaMYB10L in a white fruit strawberry variety (myb10 mutant) rescued fruit pigmentation, and further qR-PCR analysis revealed that FaMYB10L upregulated the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes and transport gene. A dual luciferase assay showed that FaMYB10L could activate the anthocyanin transport gene FaRAP. Anthocyanin accumulation was observed in FaMYB10L-overexpressing strawberry calli, and light treatment enhanced anthocyanin accumulation. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling indicated that the DEGs involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and induced by light were enriched in FaMYB10L-overexpressing strawberry calli. In addition, yeast two-hybrid assays and luciferase complementation assays indicated that FaMYB10L could interact with bHLH3. These findings enriched the light-involved regulatory network of anthocyanin metabolism in cultivated strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.T.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.C.)
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19
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Nakagawa-Lagisz T, Lagisz M. Shining a light on duckweed: exploring the effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) on growth and pigmentation. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16371. [PMID: 37927782 PMCID: PMC10625352 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a novel environmental stressor of global concern. Various sources of artificial light are now common in urbanized areas and have diverse negative effects on many species of animals and plants. However, ALAN has also been shown to have no effect or a positive effect on some organisms. This study investigates the impact of ALAN on the growth and leaf pigmentation of a common floating freshwater plant species. Methods We exposed wild-derived dotted duckweed (Landoltia punctata) to either darkness during the night (Control group) or to artificial light at night (ALAN group) for 49 days. We set up two large boxes of eighty samples each with 2-3 leaves of duckweed in each sample at the start of the experiment. The ALAN box had an opaque lid with a small lamp that was turned on at night. The Control box was also covered at night with an opaque lid but without a lamp. During the day, plants in both boxes were exposed to natural light. We counted the number of leaves in each sample weekly. We took photos of the samples on day 28 to measure the total leaf surface area per sample. On day 49, we took photos of the underside of the leaves for analyses of the relative levels of dark pigmentation across all samples. Results We found that ALAN-exposed plant samples had, on average, more leaves than control plants after a few weeks of exposure. They also had a more variable number of leaves per sample. The total leaf area per sample on day 28 was larger in the ALAN samples. The underside of the leaves on day 49 was, on average, darker in the ALAN plants than in the control plants. Conclusion There is a significant growth-enhancing effect from exposure to artificial light at night on Landolita punctata. However, higher variability induced by ALAN exposure indicates that ALAN is also a stressful condition for these plants. This is in line with our finding of the presence of larger amounts of dark pigments in the leaves of ALAN-exposed plants. Dark pigmentation in duckweed species could be a defence mechanism protecting tissues from stress-induced oxidative damage. Overall, both positive and negative effects of ALAN can be observed simultaneously in different traits of the same organism. Increased individual variation can facilitate population-level adaptation to stressful conditions. As such, this work contributes to our knowledge of the effects of light pollution in urban environments on common plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Totoro Nakagawa-Lagisz
- Sydney Boys High School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Onna Junior High School, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Theoretical Sciences Visiting Program, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
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20
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Do VG, Lee Y, Kim JH, Kwon YS, Park JT, Yang S, Park J, Win NM, Kim S. The Synergistic Effects of Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Plant Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12946. [PMID: 37629128 PMCID: PMC10454628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin accumulation is responsible for the coloration of apple fruit, and their accumulation depends on the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Light is an environmental stimulus that induces fruit color by regulating genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. In this study, the roles of light and genetic factors on fruit coloration and anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit were investigated. Three genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, MdCHS, MdANS, and MdUFGT1, were synthesized and cloned into a viral-based expression vector system for transient expression in 'Ruby S' apple fruits. Apple fruits were agroinfiltrated with expression vectors harboring MdCHS, MdANS, and MdUFGT1. Agroinfiltrated apple fruits were then either kept in the dark (bagged fruits) or exposed to light (exposed fruits). The agroinfiltrated fruits showed significantly different coloration patterns, transcript expression levels, and anthocyanin accumulation compared to the control fruits. Moreover, these parameters were higher in exposed fruits than in bagged fruits. For stable expression, MdCHS was introduced into a binary vector under the control of the rice α-amylase 3D (RAmy3D) promoter. The ectopic overexpression of MdCHS in transgenic rice calli showed a high accumulation of anthocyanin content. Taken together, our findings suggest that light, together with the overexpression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, induced the coloration and accumulation of anthocyanin content in apple fruits by upregulating the expression of the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Giap Do
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of Korea; (Y.L.); (J.-H.K.); (Y.-S.K.); (J.-T.P.); (S.Y.); (J.P.); (N.M.W.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Seonae Kim
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of Korea; (Y.L.); (J.-H.K.); (Y.-S.K.); (J.-T.P.); (S.Y.); (J.P.); (N.M.W.)
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21
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Guo Y, Zhao G, Gao X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Cai X, Yuan X, Guo X. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology: a precise and efficient tool for crop quality improvement. PLANTA 2023; 258:36. [PMID: 37395789 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This review provides a direction for crop quality improvement and ideas for further research on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology for crop improvement. Various important crops, such as wheat, rice, soybean and tomato, are among the main sources of food and energy for humans. Breeders have long attempted to improve crop yield and quality through traditional breeding methods such as crossbreeding. However, crop breeding progress has been slow due to the limitations of traditional breeding methods. In recent years, clustered regularly spaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing technology has been continuously developed. And with the refinement of crop genome data, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has enabled significant breakthroughs in editing specific genes of crops due to its accuracy and efficiency. Precise editing of certain key genes in crops by means of CRISPR/Cas9 technology has improved crop quality and yield and has become a popular strategy for many breeders to focus on and adopt. In this paper, the present status and achievements of CRISPR/Cas9 gene technology as applied to the improvement of quality in several crops are reviewed. In addition, the shortcomings, challenges and development prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Guo
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250200, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangdong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250200, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250200, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250200, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250200, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Yuan
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250200, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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22
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An X, Tan T, Song Z, Guo X, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Wang D. Physiological response of anthocyanin synthesis to different light intensities in blueberry. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283284. [PMID: 37352171 PMCID: PMC10289459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit color is an important economic character of blueberry, determined by the amount of anthocyanin content. Anthocyanin synthesis within the blueberry fruits is significantly affected by light. To reveal the physiological response mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis in blueberry fruits in different light intensities, four light intensities (100% (CK), 75%, 50% and 25%) were set for the 'O'Neal' southern highbush blueberry as the experimental material in our study. The relationship between endogenous hormones content, associated enzyme activities, and variations with the anthocyanin content in blueberry fruits under various light intensities during the white fruit stage (S1), purple fruit stage (S2), and blue fruit stage (S3) were studied. The results showed that adequate light could significantly promote anthocyanin synthesis in blueberry fruits (P < 0.05). Blueberry fruits had an anthocyanin content that was 1.76~24.13 times higher under 100% light intensity than it was under non-full light intensity. Different light intensities significantly affected the content of endogenous hormones and the activity of associated enzymes in anthocyanin synthesis pathway (P < 0.05). Among them, the JA (jasmonic acid) content and PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) activity of fruits under 100% light intensity were 2.49%~41.83% and 2.47%~48.48% higher than those under other light intensity, respectively. And a significant correlation was found between the variations in anthocyanin content in fruits and the content or activities of JA, ABA (abscisic acid), ETH (ethylene), GA3 (gibberellin 3), IAA (indoleacetic acid), PAL, CHI (chalcone isomerase), DFR (dihydroflavonol reductase) and UFGT (UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-glucosyltransferase) (P < 0.05). It indicated that 100% light intensity significantly promoted anthocyanin synthesis in blueberry fruits by affecting endogenous hormones content and associated enzyme activities in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. This study will lay a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of light intensity regulating anthocyanin synthesis in blueberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli An
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tianyu Tan
- Forestry Bureau of Kaili, Kaili, Guizhou, China
| | - Zejun Song
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunzheng Zhu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Delu Wang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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23
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Liu Y, Tang L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xu S, Wang X, He W, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, Li M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Chen Q, Tang H. The blue light signal transduction module FaCRY1-FaCOP1-FaHY5 regulates anthocyanin accumulation in cultivated strawberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144273. [PMID: 37360713 PMCID: PMC10289005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have important physiological functions and are beneficial to the improvement of fruit quality in strawberry. Light is important for anthocyanin biosynthesis, and specific light quality was identified to promote anthocyanin accumulation in many fruits. However, research on the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation regulated by light quality in strawberry remains limited. Here we described the effects of red- and blue-light irradiation on anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry. The results showed that blue light, rather than red light, could lead to the rapid accumulation of anthocyanins after exposure to light for 48 hours. The transcriptional levels of anthocyanin structural and regulatory genes displayed similar trend to the anthocyanin content. To investigate the mechanism of blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation, the homologs of Arabidopsis blue light signal transduction components, including the blue light photoreceptor FaCRY1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase FaCOP1 and light-responsive factor FaHY5, were cloned from the strawberry cultivar 'Benihoppe'. The protein-protein interaction of FaCRY1-FaCOP1-FaHY5 was revealed by yeast two-hybrid and fluorescence signal assays. Functional complementation analysis showed that overexpression of either FaCOP1 or FaHY5 restored the anthocyanin content and hypocotyl length in corresponding Arabidopsis mutants under blue light. Moreover, dual-luciferase assays showed that FaHY5 could increase the activity of FaRAP (anthocyanin transport gene) promoter and that this function relied on other, likely B-box protein FaBBX22, factors. The overexpression of FaHY5-VP16 (chimeric activator form of FaHY5) and FaBBX22 promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins in transgenic strawberry plants. Further, transcriptomic profiling indicated that the genes involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were enriched in both FaHY5-VP16-OX and FaBBX22-OX strawberry plants. In summary, our findings provide insights into a mechanism involving the regulation of blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation via a FaCRY1-FaCOP1-FaHY5 signal transduction module in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianxi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqiong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen He
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Qiao Y, Wu L, Yang S, Wang Q, Gu H, Wei L, Liu G, Zhou S, Wang P, Song M. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses provide insights into variations in flavonoids contents between two Artemisia cultivars. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:288. [PMID: 37254042 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants in the genus Artemisia are rich in active ingredients and specialized metabolites. Many of these compounds, especially flavonoids, have potential medicinal and nutritional applications, and are of growing interest to scientists due to their wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. Artemisia cultivars are commonly used as raw materials for medicine, food, and moxibustion in China. However, most of the metabolites produced by Artemisia species have not been identified, and few studies have addressed differences in active compounds between species and cultivars. RESULTS We here investigated two Artemisia cultivars, 'Nanyangshiyong' (NYSY) and 'Nanyangyaoyong' (NYYY), which are commonly used in foods and moxibustion, respectively. NYSY and NYYY were confirmed to be Artemisia argyi cultivars. Total flavonoids contents and antioxidant activities were higher in NYYY than in NYSY. A total of 882 metabolites were identified in the samples; most of the potentially medicinally active compounds, especially flavonoids (e.g., flavone, flavonol, isoflavone, and anthocyanin), were up-regulated in NYYY compared to NYSY. Furthermore, most of the genes related to flavonoids biosynthesis were up-regulated in NYYY. Correlation analysis was used to identify putative members of transcription factor families that may regulate genes encoding key flavonoids biosynthesis enzymes. CONCLUSIONS We found that the antioxidant activities and flavonoids contents significantly varied between two Artemisia cultivars of the same species. We also uncovered metabolomic and transcriptomic evidence of the molecular phenomena underlying those differences in flavonoids contents between the two Artemisia cultivars. This study provides a wealth of data for future utilization and improvements of Artemisia cultivars, and highlights a need to study the specific metabolite profiles of plants that are used in foods and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qiao
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Wu
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Suling Yang
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haike Gu
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Wei
- Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Promotion Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guijun Liu
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Meifang Song
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China.
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25
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Soufi HR, Roosta HR, Stępień P, Malekzadeh K, Hamidpour M. Manipulation of light spectrum is an effective tool to regulate biochemical traits and gene expression in lettuce under different replacement methods of nutrient solution. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8600. [PMID: 37237093 PMCID: PMC10219983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of light-emitting diode (LED) technology represents a promising approach to improve plant growth and metabolic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different light spectra: red (656 nm), blue (450 nm), red/blue (3:1), and white (peak at 449 nm) on biochemical properties, photosynthesis and gene expression in two lettuce cultivars (Lollo Rossa and Lollo Bionda) grown under different methods of nutrient solution replacement in hydroponics. Complete replacement and EC-based replacement of nutrient solution increased content of proline and soluble sugars and activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GPX and SOD) under the red/blue LED and red LED light treatments in both cultivars. In addition, the red/blue and the monochromatic red light increased the soluble protein content and the antioxidant activity in the Lollo Rosa cultivar under the replacement method according to the needs of the plant. An increase in flavonoid content in the EC-based method in the Lollo Rosa variety treated with a combination of red and blue light was also observed. The red/blue light had the greatest induction effect on anthocyanin content, expression of the UFGT, CHS, and Rubisco small subunit genes, and the net photosynthetic rate. Data presented here will directly contribute to the development of nutrient solution and LED spectrum management strategies to significantly improve plant growth and metabolism, while avoiding water and nutrient waste, and environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Soufi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Roosta
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arāk, Iran.
| | - Piotr Stępień
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Khalil Malekzadeh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hamidpour
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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26
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Veremeichik GN, Grigorchuk VP, Makhazen DS, Subbotin EP, Kholin AS, Subbotina NI, Bulgakov DV, Kulchin YN, Bulgakov VP. High production of flavonols and anthocyanins in Eruca sativa (Mill) Thell plants at high artificial LED light intensities. Food Chem 2023; 408:135216. [PMID: 36566545 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eruca sativa (arugula) is a food crop containing valuable bioactive flavonoids. Plants growing with monochrome light-emitting diodes (LED) and "binary" light sources, including red/blue (RB), were tested using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Most artificial lighting options with a high intensity of 1000 μmol m-2s-1 (except for warm white light) resulted in an almost 20-fold increase in flavonol productivity. Monochromatic sources had no advantage over white light in terms of increasing anthocyanin productivity. However, RB light increased the anthocyanin content and productivity of E. sativa plants by more than ten times compared to white light. Plant growth on monochromatic and binary sources at high intensities was comparable to that on white light. Measurement of the content of chlorophyll and its degradation product, phyllobilins, showed that plants are not under stressful conditions. Overall, our data show that a significant increase in flavonoid content can be achieved without a loss of arugula plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Veremeichik
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - V P Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - D S Makhazen
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - E P Subbotin
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IACP FEB RAS), 5 Radio str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - A S Kholin
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IACP FEB RAS), 5 Radio str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - N I Subbotina
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IACP FEB RAS), 5 Radio str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - D V Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Y N Kulchin
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IACP FEB RAS), 5 Radio str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - V P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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27
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Wei Z, Yang H, Shi J, Duan Y, Wu W, Lyu L, Li W. Effects of Different Light Wavelengths on Fruit Quality and Gene Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosm). Cells 2023; 12:cells12091225. [PMID: 37174623 PMCID: PMC10177116 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Different light wavelengths display diverse effects on fruit quality formation and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Blueberry is a kind of fruit rich in anthocyanin with important economic and nutritional values. This study explored the effects of different light wavelengths (white (W), red (R), blue (B) and yellow (Y)) on fruit quality and gene expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis in blueberry. We found that the B and W treatments attained the maximum values of fruit width, fruit height and fruit weight in blueberry fruits. The R treatment attained the maximum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and the Y treatment displayed the maximum contents of ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH) and total phenol in fruits, thus improving blueberry-fruit antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, there were differences in the solidity-acid ratio of fruit under different light-wavelength treatments. Moreover, blue light could significantly improve the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and anthocyanin content in fruits. Correlation and principal component analysis showed that total acid content and antioxidant enzymes were significantly negatively correlated with anthocyanin content in blueberry fruits. These results provide new insights for the application of light wavelength to improve blueberry fruit quality and anthocyanin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongkang Duan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Pashkovskiy P, Sleptsov N, Vereschagin M, Kreslavski V, Rudometova N, Sorokoumov P, Ashikhmin A, Bolshakov M, Kuznetsov V. Post-Harvest Red- and Far-Red-Light Irradiation and Low Temperature Induce the Accumulation of Carotenoids, Capsaicinoids, and Ascorbic Acid in Capsicum annuum L. Green Pepper Fruit. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081715. [PMID: 37107510 PMCID: PMC10137640 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, such as light of different spectral compositions and temperature, can change the level of activated photoreceptors which, in turn, can affect the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in the cells of green fruit. By briefly irradiating the harvested fruit of Capsicum annuum L. hot peppers with red light (RL, maximum 660 nm) and far-red light (FRL, maximum 730 nm) and by keeping them at a low temperature, we attempted to determine whether the state of phytochromes in fruit affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Using HPLC, we analysed the qualitative composition and quantitative content of the main carotenoids and alkaloids and the chlorophylls and ascorbate, in pepper fruit exposed to the above factors. We measured the parameters characterising the primary photochemical processes of photosynthesis and the transcript levels of genes encoding capsaicin biosynthesis enzymes. The total carotenoids content in the fruit increased most noticeably after 24 h of RL irradiation (more than 3.5 times compared to the initial value), and the most significant change in the composition of carotenoids occurred when the fruit was irradiated with FRL for 72 h. The capsaicin alkaloid content increased markedly after 72 h of FRL irradiation (more than 8 times compared to the initial value). It was suggested that decrease in the activity of phytochromes due to a low temperature or FRL may result in an increase in the expression of the PAL and CAM genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Nikolay Sleptsov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Timiryazev Agricultural Academy-Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127434, Russia
| | - Mikhail Vereschagin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Natalia Rudometova
- All-Russian Research Institute for Food Additives-Branch of VM Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 191014, Russia
| | - Pavel Sorokoumov
- All-Russian Research Institute for Food Additives-Branch of VM Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 191014, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Ashikhmin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Maksim Bolshakov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
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29
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Jiang T, Cui A, Cui Y, Cui R, Han M, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Huang H, Feng X, Lei Y, Liu X, Ni K, Zhang H, Xu N, Wang J, Sun L, Rui C, Wang J, Wang S, Chen X, Lu X, Wang D, Guo L, Zhao L, Hao F, Ye W. Systematic analysis and expression of Gossypium 2ODD superfamily highlight the roles of GhLDOXs responding to alkali and other abiotic stress in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:124. [PMID: 36869319 PMCID: PMC9985220 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2ODD) is the second largest family of oxidases involved in various oxygenation/hydroxylation reactions in plants. Many members in the family regulate gene transcription, nucleic acid modification/repair and secondary metabolic synthesis. The 2ODD family genes also function in the formation of abundant flavonoids during anthocyanin synthesis, thereby modulating plant development and response to diverse stresses. RESULTS Totally, 379, 336, 205, and 204 2ODD genes were identified in G. barbadense (Gb), G. hirsutum (Gh), G. arboreum (Ga), and G. raimondii (Gb), respectively. The 336 2ODDs in G. hirsutum were divided into 15 subfamilies according to their putative functions. The structural features and functions of the 2ODD members in the same subfamily were similar and evolutionarily conserved. Tandem duplications and segmental duplications served essential roles in the large-scale expansion of the cotton 2ODD family. Ka/Ks values for most of the gene pairs were less than 1, indicating that 2ODD genes undergo strong purifying selection during evolution. Gh2ODDs might act in cotton responses to different abiotic stresses. GhLDOX3 and GhLDOX7, two members of the GhLDOX subfamily from Gh2ODDs, were significantly down-regulated in transcription under alkaline stress. Moreover, the expression of GhLDOX3 in leaves was significantly higher than that in other tissues. These results will provide valuable information for further understanding the evolution mechanisms and functions of the cotton 2ODD genes in the future. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide identification, structure, and evolution and expression analysis of 2ODD genes in Gossypium were carried out. The 2ODDs were highly conserved during evolutionary. Most Gh2ODDs were involved in the regulation of cotton responses to multiple abiotic stresses including salt, drought, hot, cold and alkali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Aihua Cui
- Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, 332105, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yupeng Cui
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ruifeng Cui
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Mingge Han
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xixian Feng
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuqian Lei
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Kesong Ni
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Liangqing Sun
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Cun Rui
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Delong Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Fushun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Wuwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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30
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Zhang P, Zhu H. Anthocyanins in Plant Food: Current Status, Genetic Modification, and Future Perspectives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020866. [PMID: 36677927 PMCID: PMC9863750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring polyphenolic pigments that give food varied colors. Because of their high antioxidant activities, the consumption of anthocyanins has been associated with the benefit of preventing various chronic diseases. However, due to natural evolution or human selection, anthocyanins are found only in certain species. Additionally, the insufficient levels of anthocyanins in the most common foods also limit the optimal benefits. To solve this problem, considerable work has been done on germplasm improvement of common species using novel gene editing or transgenic techniques. This review summarized the recent advances in the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and focused on the progress in using the CRISPR/Cas gene editing or multigene overexpression methods to improve plant food anthocyanins content. In response to the concerns of genome modified food, the future trends in developing anthocyanin-enriched plant food by using novel transgene or marker-free genome modified technologies are discussed. We hope to provide new insights and ideas for better using natural products like anthocyanins to promote human health.
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Characterization of Highbush Blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Related MYBs and Functional Analysis of VcMYB Gene. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:379-399. [PMID: 36661513 PMCID: PMC9857026 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important transcription factors regulating plant anthocyanin biosynthesis, MYB has attracted great attentions. In this study, we identified fifteen candidate anthocyanin biosynthesis related MYB (ABRM) proteins, including twelve R2R3-MYBs and three 1R-MYBs, from highbush blueberry. The subcellular localization prediction results showed that, with the exception of VcRVE8 (localized in chloroplast and nucleus), all of the blueberry ABRMs were nucleus-localized. The gene structure analysis revealed that the exon numbers of the blueberry ABRM genes varied greatly, ranging between one and eight. There are many light-responsive, phytohormone-responsive, abiotic stress-responsive and plant growth and development related cis-acting elements in the promoters of the blueberry ABRM genes. It is noteworthy that almost all of their promoters contain light-, ABA- and MeJA-responsive elements, which is consistent with the well-established results that anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of MYBs are influenced significantly by many factors, such as light, ABA and JA. The gene expression analysis revealed that VcMYB, VcMYB6, VcMYB23, VcMYBL2 and VcPH4 are expressed abundantly in blueberry fruits, and VcMYB is expressed the highest in the red, purple and blue fruits among all blueberry ABRMs. VcMYB shared high similarity with functionally proven ABRMs from many other plant species. The gene cloning results showed that VcMYB had three variable transcripts, but only the transient overexpression of VcMYB-1 promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the green fruits. Our study can provide a basis for future research on the anthocyanin biosynthesis related MYBs in blueberry.
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32
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Bader Ul Ain H, Tufail T, Javed M, Tufail T, Arshad MU, Hussain M, Gull Khan S, Bashir S, Al Jbawi E, Abdulaali Saewan S. Phytochemical profile and pro-healthy properties of berries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2096062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huma Bader Ul Ain
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, the University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, the University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehak Javed
- Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gull Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Bashir
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, the University of Lahore, Pakistan
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33
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Tabbert JM, Schulz H, Krähmer A. Facing energy limitations - approaches to increase basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) growth and quality by different increasing light intensities emitted by a broadband LED light spectrum (400-780 nm). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055352. [PMID: 36507442 PMCID: PMC9731226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Based on the current trend towards broad-bandwidth LED light spectra for basil productions in multi-tiered controlled-environment horticulture, a recently developed white broad-bandwidth LED light spectrum (400-780 nm) including far-red wavelengths with elevated red and blue light fractions was employed to cultivate basil. Four Ocimum basilicum L. cultivars (cv. Anise, cv. Cinnamon, cv. Dark Opal and cv. Thai Magic) were exposed to two different rising light intensity conditions (ILow and IHigh). In dependence of the individual cultivar-specific plant height increase over time, basil cultivars were exposed to light intensities increasing from ~ 100 to ~ 200 µmol m-2 s-1 under ILow, and from 200 to 400 µmol m-2 s-1 under IHigh (due to the exponential light intensity increases with decreasing proximity to the LED light fixtures). Within the first experiment, basils' morphological developments, biomass yields and time to marketability under both light conditions were investigated and the energy consumptions were determined to calculate the basils' light use efficiencies. In detail, cultivar-dependent differences in plant height, leaf and branch pair developments over time are described. In comparison to the ILow light conditions, IHigh resulted in accelerated developments and greater yields of all basil cultivars and expedited their marketability by 3-5 days. However, exposure to light intensities above ~ 300 µmol m-2 s-1 induced light avoidance responses in the green-leafed basil cultivars cv. Anise, cv. Cinnamon and cv. Thai Magic. In contrast, ILow resulted in consumer-preferred visual qualities and greater biomass efficiencies of the green-leafed basil cultivars and are discussed as a result of their ability to adapt well to low light conditions. Contrarily to the green-leafed cultivars, purple-leafed cv. Dark Opal developed insufficiently under ILow, but remained light-tolerant under IHigh, which is related to its high anthocyanin contents. In a second experiment, cultivars' volatile organic compound (VOC) contents and compositions over time were investigated. While VOC contents per gram of leaf dry matter gradually decreased in purple-leafed cv. Dark Opal between seedling stage to marketability, their contents gradually increased in the green cultivars. Regardless of the light treatment applied, cultivar-specific VOC compositions changed tremendously in a developmental stage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Manuela Tabbert
- Julius Kühn Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schulz
- Julius Kühn Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
- Consulting & Project Management for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Stahnsdorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Krähmer
- Julius Kühn Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
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34
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Kőrösi L, Molnár S, Teszlák P, Dörnyei Á, Maul E, Töpfer R, Marosvölgyi T, Szabó É, Röckel F. Comparative Study on Grape Berry Anthocyanins of Various Teinturier Varieties. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223668. [PMID: 36429259 PMCID: PMC9689461 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The red-fleshed grape cultivars, called teinturier or dyer grapes, contain anthocyanins in both the skin and flesh. These phenolic compounds exhibit excellent coloring ability, and as antioxidants, they are important bioactive compounds in food crops. In this work, anthocyanin patterns of grape berries of fifteen teinturier varieties collected from the gene bank located at Pécs in the southwest of Hungary were compared. Anthocyanin profiles of numerous varieties originating from Hungary such as 'Bíborkadarka', 'Kármin', 'Kurucvér', and 'Turán' are reported for the first time. Anthocyanins extracted separately from the skin and juice were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector. For the identification of compounds, high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry was used. All in all, twenty-one anthocyanins were identified and quantified. We found that anthocyanin patterns differed significantly in the skin and juice for all investigated cultivars. For Vitis vinifera varieties, the predominant anthocyanin in the skin was malvidin-3-O-glucoside, while the main pigment in the juice was peonidin-3-O-glucoside. For the first time, a significant amount of diglucosides was detected in two Vitis Vinifera cultivars with a direct relationship. In general, the pigment composition of the skin was much more complex than that of the juice. The comparative study with presented patterns gives valuable and beneficial information from a chemotaxonomical point of view. Our results also help to choose the appropriate teinturier varieties with the desired anthocyanins for food coloring or winemaking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Kőrösi
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Szilárd Molnár
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Teszlák
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Dörnyei
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Maul
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Töpfer
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Tamás Marosvölgyi
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Franco Röckel
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
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35
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Liu ZW, Shi XY, Duan SM, Nian B, Chen LJ, Zhang GH, Lv CY, Ma Y, Zhao M. Multiomics analysis of the mechanisms behind flavonoid differences between purple and green tender shoots of Camellia sinensis var. assamica. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 13:6808630. [PMID: 36342187 PMCID: PMC9911070 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are rich in tea plants (Camellia sinensis), and responsible for the flavor and healthful benefits of tea beverage. The anthocyanin levels in the purple tender shoots are higher than in the general green leaves of tea plant, which provide special materials to search metabolic mechanisms of flavonoid enrichment in plant. In this work, flavonoid differences between purple and green shoots from tea cultivars "Zijuan" (ZJ) and "Yunkang10" (YK-10) were investigated through metabolomic analysis, and mechanisms for their difference were surveyed by comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Levels of 34 flavonoids were different between ZJ and YK-10 shoots. Among them, 8 and 6 were marker metabolites in ZJ and YK-10, respectively. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and different-level metabolites (DLMs) between ZJ and YK-10 were researched, respectively; and interactions including DEG-DLM, DEP-DLM, DEG-DEP, and DEG-DEP-DLM were analyzed; the contents of 18 characteristic flavonoids in tea leaves and expressions of 34 flavonoid metabolic genes were measured to verify the omics results. Integrated above analyses, a proposed model of flavonoids biosynthesis in tea shoots were established. The differential expression of the leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), UDPG-flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UGT) 75L12 and 94P1 at gene level, and the ANS, ANR, and UGT78A15 at protein level, were closely associated with differences in flavonoids between ZJ and YK-10 shoot. Together, this study provides new information on the flavonoid accumulation mechanism in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bo Nian
- College of Tea Science, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Li-Jiao Chen
- College of Tea Science, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- College of Tea Science, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Cai-You Lv
- College of Tea Science, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Tea Science, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Corresponding author: College of Tea Science, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, No. 452, Fengyuan Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
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Yu G, Chen F, Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu H, Tian J, Wang M, Ren C, Zhao Q, Yang F, Sheng Y, Wei J, Zhang Y. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid strengthens phenylpropanoid and nitrogen metabolism to enhance the contents of flavonoids, amino acids, and the derivatives in edamame. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Meng J, Yin J, Wang H, Li H. A TCP Transcription Factor in Malus halliana, MhTCP4, Positively Regulates Anthocyanins Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169051. [PMID: 36012317 PMCID: PMC9409405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins belong to a group of flavonoids, which are the most important flower pigments. Clarifying the potential anthocyanins biosynthesis molecular mechanisms could facilitate artificial manipulation of flower pigmentation in plants. In this paper, we screened a differentially expressed gene, MhTCP4, from the transcriptome data of Malus halliana petals at different development stages and explored its role in anthocyanins biosynthesis. The transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of MhTCP4 gradually decreased from the flower color fades. Tissue specific expression analysis showed MhTCP4 was expressed in the petal, leaf, and fruit of M. halliana, and was highly expressed in the scarlet petal. Overexpression of MhTCP4 promoted anthocyanins accumulation and increased pigments in infected parts of M. 'Snowdrift' and M. 'Fuji' fruit peels. In contrast, when endogenous MhTCP4 was silenced, the anthocyanins accumulation was inhibited and pigments decreased in the infected peels. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that overexpression or silence of MhTCP4 caused expression changes of a series of structural genes included in anthocyanins biosynthesis pathway. The yeast two-hybrid assays indicated that MhTCP4 did not interact with MhMYB10. Furthermore, the yeast one-hybrid assays indicated that MhTCP4 did not directly bind to the promoter of MhMYB10, but that of the anthocyanins biosynthesis genes, MhCHI and MhF3'H. Dual luciferase assays further confirmed that MhTCP4 can strongly activate the promoters of MhCHI and MhF3'H in tobacco. Overall, the results suggest that MhTCP4 positively regulates anthocyanins biosynthesis by directly activated MhCHI and MhF3'H in M. halliana flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Houhua Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-151-1480-0050
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Wada KC, Inagaki N, Sakai H, Yamashita H, Nakai Y, Fujimoto Z, Yonemaru J, Itoh H. Genetic effects of Red Lettuce Leaf genes on red coloration in leaf lettuce under artificial lighting conditions. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:179-192. [PMID: 37283610 PMCID: PMC10168059 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Some cultivars of lettuce accumulate anthocyanins, which act as functional food ingredients. Leaf lettuce has been known to be erratic in exhibiting red color when grown under artificial light, and there is a need for cultivars that more stably exhibit red color in artificial light cultivation. In this study, we aimed to dissect the genetic architecture for red coloring in various leaf lettuce cultivars grown under artificial light. We investigated the genotype of Red Lettuce Leaf (RLL) genes in 133 leaf lettuce strains, some of which were obtained from publicly available resequencing data. By studying the allelic combination of RLL genes, we further analyzed the contribution of these genes to producing red coloring in leaf lettuce. From the quantification of phenolic compounds and corresponding transcriptome data, we revealed that gene expression level-dependent regulation of RLL1 (bHLH) and RLL2 (MYB) is the underlying mechanism conferring high anthocyanin accumulation in red leaf lettuce under artificial light cultivation. Our data suggest that different combinations of RLL genotypes cause quantitative differences in anthocyanin accumulation among cultivars, and some genotype combinations are more effective at producing red coloration even under artificial lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaede C. Wada
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Noritoshi Inagaki
- Biomacromolecules Research Unit, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Core Technology Research HeadquartersNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Bioinformatics Unit, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Core Technology Research HeadquartersNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Hiroto Yamashita
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Yusuke Nakai
- Greenhouse Vegetable Production Group, Division of Field Crop and Vegetable Research, Kyushu‐Okinawa Agricultural Research CenterNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationKurumeJapan
| | - Zui Fujimoto
- Biomacromolecules Research Unit, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Core Technology Research HeadquartersNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Jun‐ichi Yonemaru
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Hironori Itoh
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
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Adding UVA and Far-Red Light to White LED Affects Growth, Morphology, and Phytochemicals of Indoor-Grown Microgreens. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
White light emitting diodes (LED) have commonly been used as a sole light source for the indoor production of microgreens. However, the response of microgreens to the inclusion of ultraviolet A (UVA) and/or far-red (FR) light to white LED light remains unknown. To investigate the effects of adding UVA and FR light to white LEDs on plant biomass, height, and the concentrations of phytochemicals, four species of microgreens including basil, cabbage, kale, and kohlrabi were grown under six light treatments. The first three treatments were white LED (control) and two UVA treatments (adding UVA to white LED for the whole growth period or for the last 5 days). Another three treatments consisted of adding FR to the first three treatments. The total photon flux density (TPFD) for all six light treatments was the same. The percentages of UVA and FR photons in the TPFD were 23% and 32%, respectively. Compared to white LEDs, adding UVA throughout the growth period did not affect plant height in all the species except for basil, where 9% reduction was observed regardless of the FR light. On the contrary, the addition of FR light increased plant heights by 9–18% for basil, cabbage, and kohlrabi, regardless of the UVA treatment, compared to white LED. Furthermore, regardless of UVA, adding FR to white LEDs reduced the plant biomass, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant concentrations for at least one species. There was no interaction between FR and UVA on all the above growth and quality traits for all the species. In summary, microgreens were more sensitive to the addition of FR light compared to UVA; however, the addition of FR to white LEDs may reduce yields and phytochemicals in some species.
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Xu Y, Liu X, Huang Y, Xia Z, Lian Z, Qian L, Yan S, Cao B, Qiu Z. Ethylene Inhibits Anthocyanin Biosynthesis by Repressing the R2R3-MYB Regulator SlAN2-like in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147648. [PMID: 35887009 PMCID: PMC9316371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit ripening is usually accompanied by anthocyanin accumulation. Ethylene is key in ripening-induced anthocyanin production in many fruits. However, the effects of fruit ripening and ethylene on anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple tomato fruits are unclear. This study shows that bagged fruits of the purple tomato cultivar ‘Indigo Rose’ failed to produce anthocyanins at the red ripening stage after bag removal. In contrast, the bagged immature fruits accumulated a significant amount of anthocyanins after removing the bags. The transcriptomic analyses between immature and red ripening fruit before and after bag removal revealed that anthocyanin-related genes, including the key positive R2R3-MYB regulator SlAN2-like, were repressed in the red ripening fruit. The 86 identified transcription factors, including 13 AP2/ERF, 7 bZIP, 8 bHLH and 6 MYB, showed significantly different expressions between immature and red ripening fruits. Moreover, subjecting bagged immature fruits to exogenous ethylene treatment significantly inhibited anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of anthocyanin-related genes, including the anthocyanin structure genes and SlAN2-like. Thus, ethylene inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis by repressing the transcription of SlAN2-like and other anthocyanin-related genes. These findings provide new insights into anthocyanin regulation in purple tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Xu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Yinggemei Huang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Zhilei Xia
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Zilin Lian
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Lijuan Qian
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Bihao Cao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (Z.Q.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-0228 (Z.Q. & B.C.)
| | - Zhengkun Qiu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (Z.Q.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-0228 (Z.Q. & B.C.)
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Short-Term Pre-Harvest Supplemental Lighting with Different Light Emitting Diodes Improves Greenhouse Lettuce Quality. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Winter–spring greenhouse vegetable production is limited by low-level natural light, resulting in decreased growth and quality. To investigate whether short-term pre-harvest supplemental lighting (SL) with light emitting diodes (LEDs) can address this issue, a study was conducted in a greenhouse in Dallas, Texas. Red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Red Mist’) plants grown in a hydroponic system were treated with daytime or nighttime SL with red (R) and blue (B) LEDs (RB-LED), blue and UVA LEDs (B/UVA-LED), or white LEDs (W-LED) for three days before harvest and compared to those without SL (control). All SL treatments provided a photon flux density of 167 μmol·m−2·s−1 for 12 h daily. Compared with the control, SL treatments increased leaf thickness and greenness, antioxidant capacity, and concentrations of phytonutrients such as anthocyanins, carotenoids, and total phenolics; however, shoot fresh biomass and total leaf area were generally not affected by SL. There were no differences in all of the above traits among W-LED, RB-LED and B/UVA-LED. Compared with daytime SL, nighttime SL increased leaf greenness and carotenoid concentration. In summary, all three LEDs with different spectra were effective in improving lettuce quality as short-term pre-harvest SL sources and nighttime SL was more effective than daytime SL; however, plant fresh weight and total leaf area were not affected.
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Li B, Zhang X, Duan R, Han C, Yang J, Wang L, Wang S, Su Y, Wang L, Dong Y, Xue H. Genomic Analysis of the Glutathione S-Transferase Family in Pear ( Pyrus communis) and Functional Identification of PcGST57 in Anthocyanin Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020746. [PMID: 35054934 PMCID: PMC8776121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin accumulation in vacuoles results in red coloration in pear peels. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) proteins have emerged as important regulators of anthocyanin accumulation. Here, a total of 57 PcGST genes were identified in the European pear ‘Bartlett’ (Pyrus communis) through comprehensive genomic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PcGST genes were divided into 10 subfamilies. The gene structure, chromosomal localization, collinearity relationship, cis-elements in the promoter region, and conserved motifs of PcGST genes were analyzed. Further research indicated that glutamic acid (Glu) can significantly improve anthocyanin accumulation in pear peels. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that Glu induced the expression of most PcGST genes, among which PcGST57 was most significantly induced. Further phylogenetic analysis indicated that PcGST57 was closely related to GST genes identified in other species, which were involved in anthocyanin accumulation. Transcript analysis indicated that PcGST57 was expressed in various tissues, other than flesh, and associated with peel coloration at different developmental stages. Silencing of PcGST57 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited the expression of PcGST57 and reduced the anthocyanin content in pear fruit. In contrast, overexpression of PcGST57 improved anthocyanin accumulation. Collectively, our results demonstrated that PcGST57 was involved in anthocyanin accumulation in pear and provided candidate genes for red pear breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (B.L.); (X.Z.); (R.D.); (C.H.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.); (L.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiangzhan Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (B.L.); (X.Z.); (R.D.); (C.H.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.); (L.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Ruiwei Duan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (B.L.); (X.Z.); (R.D.); (C.H.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.); (L.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Chunhong Han
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (B.L.); (X.Z.); (R.D.); (C.H.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.); (L.W.); (Y.D.)
- College of Horticulture and Plant Conservation, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (B.L.); (X.Z.); (R.D.); (C.H.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.); (L.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Long Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (B.L.); (X.Z.); (R.D.); (C.H.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.); (L.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Suke Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (B.L.); (X.Z.); (R.D.); (C.H.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.); (L.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yanli Su
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (B.L.); (X.Z.); (R.D.); (C.H.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.); (L.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (B.L.); (X.Z.); (R.D.); (C.H.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.); (L.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yongfei Dong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (B.L.); (X.Z.); (R.D.); (C.H.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.); (L.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Huabai Xue
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (B.L.); (X.Z.); (R.D.); (C.H.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.); (L.W.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Samkumar A, Karppinen K, McGhie TK, Espley RV, Martinussen I, Jaakola L. Flavonoid biosynthesis is differentially altered in detached and attached ripening bilberries in response to spectral light quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:969934. [PMID: 35937358 PMCID: PMC9355381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Light spectral quality is known to affect flavonoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening. However, the response of fruits to different light conditions, when ripening autonomously from the parent plant (detached), has been less explored. In this study, we analyzed the effect of light quality on detached and naturally ripening (attached) non-climacteric wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruits accumulating high amounts of anthocyanins and flavonols. Our results indicated contrasting responses for the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the berries in response to red and blue light treatments. For detached berries, supplemental blue light resulted in the highest accumulation of anthocyanins, while naturally ripening berries had elevated accumulation under supplemental red light treatment. Both red and blue supplemental light increased the expression levels of all the major structural genes of the flavonoid pathway during ripening. Notably, the key regulatory gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis, VmMYBA1, was found to express fivefold higher under blue light treatment in the detached berries compared to the control. The red light treatment of naturally ripening berries selectively increased the delphinidin branch of anthocyanins, whereas in detached berries, blue light increased other anthocyanin classes along with delphinidins. In addition, red and far-red light had a positive influence on the accumulation of flavonols, especially quercetin and myricetin glycoside derivatives, in both ripening conditions. Our results of differential light effects on attached and detached berries, which lacks signaling from the mother plant, provide new insights in understanding the light-mediated regulatory mechanisms in non-climacteric fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Samkumar
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Amos Samkumar,
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tony K. McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Inger Martinussen
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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