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Liu CH, Lee HS, Liou JP, Hua HS, Cheng WH, Yuliani FS, Chen BC, Lin CH. MPT0E028, a novel pan-HDAC inhibitor, prevents pulmonary fibrosis through inhibition of TGF-β-induced CTGF expression in human lung fibroblasts: Involvement of MKP-1 activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176711. [PMID: 38839029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are potential candidates for treating pulmonary fibrosis. MPT0E028, a novel pan-HDAC inhibitor, has been reported to exhibit antitumor activity in several cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of MPT0E028 on the expression of fibrogenic proteins in human lung fibroblasts (WI-38). Our results revealed that MPT0E028 inhibited transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-, thrombin-, and endothelin 1-induced connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, MPT0E028 suppressed TGF-β-stimulated expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Furthermore, MPT0E028 inhibited the TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). MPT0E028 reduced the increase in SMAD3 and c-Jun phosphorylation, and SMAD3-and activator protein-1 (AP-1)-luciferase activities under TGF-β stimulation. Transfection with mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) siRNA reversed the suppressive effects of MPT0E028 on TGF-β-induced increases in CTGF expression; JNK, p38, and ERK phosphorylation; and SMAD3 and AP-1 activation. Moreover, MPT0E028 increased MKP-1 acetylation and activity in WI-38 cells. Pretreatment with MPT0E028 reduced the fibrosis score and fibronectin, collagen, and α-SMA expression in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice. In conclusion, MPT0E028 induced MKP-1 acetylation and activation, which in turn inhibited TGF-β-stimulated JNK, p38, and ERK phosphorylation; SMAD3 and AP-1 activation; and subsequent CTGF expression in human lung fibroblasts. Thus, MPT0E028 may be a potential drug for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Sheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Chen Wei-Tien Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Sheng Hua
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Hao Cheng
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Respiratory Therapy, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fara Silvia Yuliani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bing-Chang Chen
- Chen Wei-Tien Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Respiratory Therapy, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Huang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Chen Wei-Tien Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Libra A, Sciacca E, Muscato G, Sambataro G, Spicuzza L, Vancheri C. Highlights on Future Treatments of IPF: Clues and Pitfalls. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8392. [PMID: 39125962 PMCID: PMC11313529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by irreversible scarring of lung tissue, leading to death. Despite recent advancements in understanding its pathophysiology, IPF remains elusive, and therapeutic options are limited and non-curative. This review aims to synthesize the latest research developments, focusing on the molecular mechanisms driving the disease and on the related emerging treatments. Unfortunately, several phase 2 studies showing promising preliminary results did not meet the primary endpoints in the subsequent phase 3, underlying the complexity of the disease and the need for new integrated endpoints. IPF remains a challenging condition with a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and pathophysiological factors. Ongoing research into the molecular keystones of IPF is critical for the development of targeted therapies that could potentially stop the progression of the disease. Future directions include personalized medicine approaches, artificial intelligence integration, growth in genetic insights, and novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Libra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Regional Referral Center for Rare Lung Disease, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, CT, Italy; (A.L.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Enrico Sciacca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Regional Referral Center for Rare Lung Disease, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, CT, Italy; (A.L.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Muscato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Regional Referral Center for Rare Lung Disease, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, CT, Italy; (A.L.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Gianluca Sambataro
- Artroreuma s.r.l., Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, 95030 Mascalucia, CT, Italy;
| | - Lucia Spicuzza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Regional Referral Center for Rare Lung Disease, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, CT, Italy; (A.L.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Regional Referral Center for Rare Lung Disease, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, CT, Italy; (A.L.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (L.S.)
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Zheng M, Liu Z, He Y. Radiation-induced fibrosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies from an immune microenvironment perspective. Immunology 2024; 172:533-546. [PMID: 38561001 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a severe chronic complication of radiotherapy (RT) manifested by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) components deposition within the irradiated area. The lung, heart, skin, jaw, pelvic organs and so on may be affected by RIF, which hampers body functions and quality of life. There is accumulating evidence suggesting that the immune microenvironment may play a key regulatory role in RIF. This article discussed the synergetic or antagonistic effects of immune cells and mediators in regulating RIF's development. Several potential preventative and therapeutic strategies for RIF were proposed based on the immunological mechanisms to provide clinicians with improved cognition and clinical treatment guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zheng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglong Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Humeres C, Shinde AV, Tuleta I, Hernandez SC, Hanna A, Huang S, Venugopal H, Aguilan JT, Conway SJ, Sidoli S, Frangogiannis NG. Fibroblast Smad7 Induction Protects the Remodeling Pressure-Overloaded Heart. Circ Res 2024; 135:453-469. [PMID: 38899461 PMCID: PMC11257802 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibroblast activation contributes to adverse remodeling, fibrosis, and dysfunction in the pressure-overloaded heart. Although early fibroblast TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)/Smad (small mother against decapentaplegic)-3 activation protects the pressure-overloaded heart by preserving the matrix, sustained TGF-β activation is deleterious, accentuating fibrosis and dysfunction. Thus, endogenous mechanisms that negatively regulate the TGF-β response in fibroblasts may be required to protect from progressive fibrosis and adverse remodeling. We hypothesized that Smad7, an inhibitory Smad that restrains TGF-β signaling, may be induced in the pressure-overloaded myocardium and may regulate fibrosis, remodeling, and dysfunction. METHODS The effects of myofibroblast-specific Smad7 loss were studied in a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction, using echocardiography, histological analysis, and molecular analysis. Proteomic studies in S7KO (Smad7 knockout) and overexpressing cells were used to identify fibroblast-derived mediators modulated by Smad7. In vitro experiments using cultured cardiac fibroblasts, fibroblasts populating collagen lattices, and isolated macrophages were used to dissect the molecular signals responsible for the effects of Smad7. RESULTS Following pressure overload, Smad7 was upregulated in cardiac myofibroblasts. TGF-β and angiotensin II stimulated fibroblast Smad7 upregulation via Smad3, whereas GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15) induced Smad7 through GFRAL (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like). MFS7KO (myofibroblast-specific S7KO) mice had increased mortality, accentuated systolic dysfunction and dilative remodeling, and accelerated diastolic dysfunction in response to transverse aortic constriction. Increased dysfunction in MFS7KO hearts was associated with accentuated fibrosis and increased MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2 activity and collagen denaturation. Secretomic analysis showed that Smad7 loss accentuates secretion of structural collagens and matricellular proteins and markedly increases MMP2 secretion. In contrast, Smad7 overexpression reduced MMP2 levels. In fibroblasts populating collagen lattices, the effects of Smad7 on fibroblast-induced collagen denaturation and pad contraction were partly mediated via MMP2 downregulation. Surprisingly, MFS7KO mice also exhibited significant macrophage expansion caused by paracrine actions of Smad7 null fibroblasts that stimulate macrophage proliferation and fibrogenic activation. Macrophage activation involved the combined effects of the fibroblast-derived matricellular proteins CD5L (CD5 antigen-like), SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), CTGF (connective tissue growth factor), ECM1 (extracellular matrix protein 1), and TGFBI (TGFB induced). CONCLUSIONS The antifibrotic effects of Smad7 in the pressure-overloaded heart protect from dysfunction and involve not only reduction in collagen deposition but also suppression of MMP2-mediated matrix denaturation and paracrine effects that suppress macrophage activation through inhibition of matricellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Humeres
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
| | - Arti V Shinde
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
| | - Izabela Tuleta
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
| | - Silvia C Hernandez
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
| | - Anis Hanna
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
| | - Shuaibo Huang
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
| | - Harikrishnan Venugopal
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
| | - Jennifer T Aguilan
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Simon J Conway
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
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5
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Zheng Z, Peng F, Zhou Y. Biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Current insight and future direction. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2024; 2:72-79. [PMID: 38962100 PMCID: PMC11221783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease with a dismal prognosis. Early diagnosis, accurate prognosis, and personalized therapeutic interventions are essential for improving patient outcomes. Biomarkers, as measurable indicators of biological processes or disease states, hold significant promise in IPF management. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in identifying and validating biomarkers for IPF, encompassing various molecular, imaging, and clinical approaches. This review provides an in-depth examination of the current landscape of IPF biomarker research, highlighting their potential applications in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. Additionally, the challenges and future perspectives of biomarker integration into clinical practice for precision medicine in IPF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zheng
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Fei Peng
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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6
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Huang CW, Lee SY, Du CX, Wu ST, Kuo YH, Ku HC. Caffeic acid ethanolamide induces antifibrosis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116298. [PMID: 38394850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease; its cause is unknown, and it leads to notable health problems. Currently, only two drugs are recommended for IPF treatment. Although these drugs can mitigate lung function decline, neither can improve nor stabilize IPF or the symptoms perceived by patients. Therefore, the development of novel treatment options for pulmonary fibrosis is required. The present study investigated the effects of a novel compound, caffeic acid ethanolamide (CAEA), on human pulmonary fibroblasts and evaluated its potential to mitigate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. CAEA inhibited TGF-β-induced α-SMA and collagen expression in human pulmonary fibroblasts, indicating that CAEA prevents fibroblasts from differentiating into myofibroblasts following TGF-β exposure. In animal studies, CAEA treatment efficiently suppressed immune cell infiltration and the elevation of TNF-α and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, CAEA exerted antioxidant effects by recovering the enzymatic activities of oxidant scavengers. CAEA directly inhibited activation of TGF-β receptors and protected against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibition of the TGF-β/SMAD/CTGF signaling pathway. The protective effect of CAEA was comparable to that of pirfenidone, a clinically available drug. Our findings support the potential of CAEA as a viable method for preventing the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Huang
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Xuan Du
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Tung Wu
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Ku
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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7
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Hayek H, Rehbini O, Kosmider B, Brandt T, Chatila W, Marchetti N, Criner GJ, Bolla S, Kishore R, Bowler RP, Bahmed K. The Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthase by Exosomal miR-143-5p and miR-342-5p in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:259-282. [PMID: 38117249 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0232oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disease caused by an aberrant repair of injured alveolar epithelial cells. The maintenance of the alveolar epithelium and its regeneration after the damage is fueled by alveolar type II (ATII) cells. Injured cells release exosomes containing microRNAs (miRNAs), which can alter the recipient cells' function. Lung tissue, ATII cells, fibroblasts, plasma, and exosomes were obtained from naive patients with IPF, patients with IPF taking pirfenidone or nintedanib, and control organ donors. miRNA expression was analyzed to study their impact on exosome-mediated effects in IPF. High miR-143-5p and miR-342-5p levels were detected in ATII cells, lung tissue, plasma, and exosomes in naive patients with IPF. Decreased FASN (fatty acid synthase) and ACSL-4 (acyl-CoA-synthetase long-chain family member 4) expression was found in ATII cells. miR-143-5p and miR-342-5p overexpression or ATII cell treatment with IPF-derived exosomes containing these miRNAs lowered FASN and ACSL-4 levels. Also, this contributed to ATII cell injury and senescence. However, exosomes isolated from patients with IPF taking nintedanib or pirfenidone increased FASN expression in ATII cells compared with naive patients with IPF. Furthermore, fibroblast treatment with exosomes obtained from naive patients with IPF increased SMAD3, CTGF, COL3A1, and TGFβ1 expression. Our results suggest that IPF-derived exosomes containing miR-143-5p and miR-342-5p inhibited the de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway in ATII cells. They also induced the profibrotic response in fibroblasts. Pirfenidone and nintedanib improved ATII cell function and inhibited fibrogenesis. This study highlights the importance of exosomes in IPF pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hayek
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research
| | | | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, and
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Russell P Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery
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Pokharel MD, Garcia-Flores A, Marciano D, Franco MC, Fineman JR, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Black SM. Mitochondrial network dynamics in pulmonary disease: Bridging the gap between inflammation, oxidative stress, and bioenergetics. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103049. [PMID: 38295575 PMCID: PMC10844980 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Once thought of in terms of bioenergetics, mitochondria are now widely accepted as both the orchestrator of cellular health and the gatekeeper of cell death. The pulmonary disease field has performed extensive efforts to explore the role of mitochondria in regulating inflammation, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. However, a critical component of these processes needs to be more studied: mitochondrial network dynamics. Mitochondria morphologically change in response to their environment to regulate these processes through fusion, fission, and mitophagy. This allows mitochondria to adapt their function to respond to cellular requirements, a critical component in maintaining cellular homeostasis. For that reason, mitochondrial network dynamics can be considered a bridge that brings multiple cellular processes together, revealing a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we discuss the critical modulators of mitochondrial dynamics and how they are affected in pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), acute lung injury (ALI), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A dysregulated mitochondrial network plays a crucial role in lung disease pathobiology, and aberrant fission/fusion/mitophagy pathways are druggable processes that warrant further exploration. Thus, we also discuss the candidates for lung disease therapeutics that regulate mitochondrial network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Pokharel
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Flores
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | - David Marciano
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Maria C Franco
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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9
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Surendran A, Huang C, Liu L. Circular RNAs and their roles in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2024; 25:77. [PMID: 38321530 PMCID: PMC10848557 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease with limited treatment options. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of non-coding RNAs with diverse functions in cellular processes. This review paper aims to explore the potential involvement of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of IPF and their diagnostic and therapeutic implications. We begin by providing an overview of the epidemiology and risk factors associated with IPF, followed by a discussion of the pathophysiology underlying this complex disease. Subsequently, we delve into the history, types, biogenesis, and functions of circRNAs and then emphasize their regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of IPF. Furthermore, we examine the current methodologies for detecting circRNAs and explore their diagnostic applications in IPF. Finally, we discuss the potential utility of circRNAs in the treatment of IPF. In conclusion, circRNAs hold great promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Surendran
- The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.
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10
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Adel RM, Helal H, Ahmed Fouad M, Sobhy Abd-Elhalem S. Regulation of miRNA-155-5p ameliorates NETosis in pulmonary fibrosis rat model via inhibiting its target cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β1. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111456. [PMID: 38159555 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age-related inflammatory disease with no cure up till now.It is accompanied by neutrophils infiltration as the main responders to inflammation and fibrosis. Importantly, neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) through NETosis process. The function of microRNAs during inflammation became of great biological attention. Owing to microRNAs' central role in immune system, microRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p) is intensely involved in the inflammatory response. Capsaicin (Cap) is a bioactive compound that exhibits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory functions. Recent studies have shown its role in regulation of certain microRNAs' expressions. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the effect of miR-155-5p regulation in suppressing NETs production via ameliorating its target inflammatory cytokines, IL-1ß, TNF-α and TGF-ß1, in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model treated by Cap. The obtained results demonstrated that miR-155-5p downregulation was associated with significant decrease in IL-1ß, TNF-α, TGF-β1, which consequently, reduced hydroxyproline (HYP), NETs activity markers as NE and PAD-4, and alleviated CTGF levels in lung tissues of animals treated by Cap. Furthermore, NETosis ultrastructure examination by transmission electron microscope (TEM), MPO immunohistochemical staining and histopathological studies confirmed an abolishment in NETs formation and an improvement in lung tissue architecture in Cap-treated rats. This study concluded that Cap quenched the inflammatory response through interrupting IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β1 pathway via modulating miR-155-5p expression. In addition, Cap was able to alleviate pulmonary NETosis markers by restraining NETs activity markers. These findings provide novel insight into the application of Cap-based treatment in ameliorating pulmonary damage in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Mostafa Adel
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, 11757, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hamed Helal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona Ahmed Fouad
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, 11757, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sahar Sobhy Abd-Elhalem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, 11757, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Kaur R, Shaikh TB, Priya Sripadi H, Kuncha M, Vijaya Sarathi UVR, Kulhari H, Balaji Andugulapati S, Sistla R. Nintedanib solid lipid nanoparticles improve oral bioavailability and ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo models. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123644. [PMID: 38040396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Nintedanib (NIN) and pirfenidone are the only approved drugs for the treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). However, NIN and pirfenidone have low oral bioavailability and limited therapeutic potential, requiring higher dosages to increase their efficacy, which causes significant liver and gastrointestinal toxicities. In this study, we aimed to develop nintedanib-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (NIN-SLN) to improve the oral bioavailability and therapeutic potential against TGF-β-induced differentiation in IPF fibroblasts and bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rat models. NIN-SLN was prepared using a double-emulsification method and characterization studies (Particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and other parameters) were performed using various techniques. NIN-SLN treatment significantly (p < 0.001) downregulated α-SMA and COL3A1 expression in TGF-β stimulated DHLF and LL29 cells. NIN-SLN showed a 2.87-fold increase in the bioavailability of NIN and also improved the NIN levels in lung tissues compared to NIN alone. Pharmacodynamic investigation revealed that NIN-SLN (50 mg/Kg) treatment significantly attenuated BLM-induced lung fibrosis by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), extracellular matrix remodelling, and collagen deposition compared to free NIN. Additionally, in the BLM model of fibrosis, NIN-SLN greatly improved the BLM-caused pathological changes, attenuated the NIN-induced gastrointestinal abnormalities, and significantly improved the lung functional indices compared to free NIN. Collectively, NIN-SLN could be a promising nanoformulation for the management of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Taslim B Shaikh
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Hari Priya Sripadi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - U V R Vijaya Sarathi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India; Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382 030, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India.
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India.
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12
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Wang P, Xie D, Xiao T, Cheng C, Wang D, Sun J, Wu M, Yang Y, Zhang A, Liu Q. H3K18 lactylation promotes the progression of arsenite-related idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via YTHDF1/m6A/NREP. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132582. [PMID: 37742376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
As epigenetic modifications, lactylation and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) have attracted wide attention. Arsenite is an environmental pollutant that has been proven to induce idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the molecular mechanisms of lactylation and m6A methylation are unclear in arsenite-related IPF (As-IPF). In view of the limited understanding of molecular mechanism of m6A and lactylation in As-IPF, MeRIP-seq, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq were analyzed to verify the target gene regulated by m6A and H3K18 lactylation (H3K18la). We found that, for As-IPF, the global levels of m6A, levels of YTHDF1 and m6A-modified neuronal protein 3.1 (NREP) were elevated in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). The secretion levels of TGF-β1 were increased via YTHDF1/m6A/NREP, which promoted the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT). Further, extracellular lactate from myofibroblasts elevated levels of the global lactylation (Kla) and H3K18la via the lactate monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), and, in AECs, H3K18la facilitated the transcription of Ythdf1. This report highlights the role of crosstalk between AECs and myofibroblasts via lactylation and m6A and the significance of H3K18la regulation of YTHDF1 in the progression of As-IPF, which may be useful for finding effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Wang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Daxiao Xie
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Meng Wu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China.
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13
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Zeyada MS, Eraky SM, El-Shishtawy MM. Trigonelline mitigates bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis: Insight into NLRP3 inflammasome and SPHK1/S1P/Hippo signaling modulation. Life Sci 2024; 336:122272. [PMID: 37981228 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with an increasing incidence following the COVID-19 outbreak. Pirfenidone (Pirf), an FDA-approved pulmonary anti-fibrotic drug, is poorly tolerated and exhibits limited efficacy. Trigonelline (Trig) is a natural plant alkaloid with diverse pharmacological actions. We investigated the underlying prophylactic and therapeutic mechanisms of Trig in ameliorating bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF and the possible synergistic antifibrotic activity of Pirf via its combination with Trig. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single dose of BLM was administered intratracheally to male Sprague-Dawley rats for PF induction. In the prophylactic study, Trig was given orally 3 days before BLM and then for 28 days. In the therapeutic study, Trig and/or Pirf were given orally from day 8 after BLM until the 28th day. Biochemical assay, histopathology, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were performed on lung tissues. KEY FINDINGS Trig prophylactically and therapeutically mitigated the inflammatory process via targeting NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling. Trig activated the autophagy process which in turn attenuated alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis and senescence. Remarkably, Trig attenuated lung SPHK1/S1P axis and its downstream Hippo targets, YAP-1, and TAZ, with a parallel decrease in YAP/TAZ profibrotic genes. Interestingly, Trig upregulated lung miR-375 and miR-27a expression. Consequently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung tissues was reversed upon Trig administration. These results were simultaneously associated with profound improvement in lung histological alterations. SIGNIFICANCE The current study verifies Trig's prophylactic and antifibrotic effects against BLM-induced PF via targeting multiple signaling. Trig and Pirf combination may be a promising approach to synergize Pirf antifibrotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna S Zeyada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Salma M Eraky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M El-Shishtawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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14
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Isshiki T, Naiel S, Vierhout M, Otsubo K, Ali P, Tsubouchi K, Yazdanshenas P, Kumaran V, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Kolb MRJ, Ask K. Therapeutic strategies to target connective tissue growth factor in fibrotic lung diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 253:108578. [PMID: 38103794 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of interstitial lung diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), remains challenging as current available antifibrotic agents are not effective in halting disease progression. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), also known as cellular communication factor 2 (CCN2), is a member of the CCN family of proteins that regulates cell signaling through cell surface receptors such as integrins, the activity of cytokines/growth factors, and the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Accumulating evidence indicates that CTGF plays a crucial role in promoting lung fibrosis through multiple processes, including inducing transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cooperating with other fibrotic mediators such as TGF-β. Increased expression of CTGF has been observed in fibrotic lungs and inhibiting CTGF signaling has been shown to suppress lung fibrosis in several animal models. Thus, the CTGF signaling pathway is emerging as a potential therapeutic target in IPF and other pulmonary fibrotic conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on the pathogenic role of CTGF in pulmonary fibrosis and discusses the current therapeutic agents targeting CTGF using a systematic review approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Isshiki
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori Nisi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Safaa Naiel
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada
| | - Megan Vierhout
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada
| | - Kohei Otsubo
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Pareesa Ali
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada
| | - Kazuya Tsubouchi
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Parichehr Yazdanshenas
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada
| | - Vaishnavi Kumaran
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada
| | - Martin R J Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada.
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15
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Tsai CF, Chen YC, Li YZ, Wu CT, Chang PC, Yeh WL. Imperatorin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis via GDF15 expression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1292137. [PMID: 38111379 PMCID: PMC10725920 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1292137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary fibrosis features in damaged pulmonary structure or over-produced extracellular matrix and impaired lung function, leading to respiratory failure and eventually death. Fibrotic lungs are characterized by the secretion of pro-fibrotic factors, transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and accumulation of matrix proteins. Hypothesis/purpose: Imperatorin shows anti-inflammatory effects on alveolar macrophages against acute lung injury. We attempt to evaluate the properties of imperatorin on the basis of fibroblasts. Methods: In in vitro, zymosan was introduced to provoke pro-fibrotic responses in NIH/3T3 or MRC-5 pulmonary fibroblasts. Imperatorin was given for examining its effects against fibrosis. The mice were stimulated by bleomycin, and imperatorin was administered to evaluate the prophylactic potential in vivo. Results: The upregulated expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen protein due to zymosan introduction was decreased by imperatorin in fibroblasts. Zymosan induced the activity of transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) and lysyl oxidase (LOX), which was also inhibited by the administration of imperatorin. Imperatorin alone enhanced sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) secretion in fibroblasts via LKB1/AMPK/CREB pathways. In addition, GDF15 exerted a beneficial effect by reducing the protein expression of CTGF, α-SMA, and collagen and the activities of TGase and LOX. Moreover, orally administered imperatorin showed prophylactic effects on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Conclusion: Imperatorin reduces fibrotic marker expression in fibroblasts and also increases GDF15 secretion via the LKB1/AMPK/CREB pathway, attenuating pro-fibrotic responses in vitro. Imperatorin also alleviates pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Zhen Li
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Teng Wu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Mutsaers SE, Miles T, Prêle CM, Hoyne GF. Emerging role of immune cells as drivers of pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 252:108562. [PMID: 37952904 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other forms of interstitial lung disease, involves a complex interplay of various factors including host genetics, environmental pollutants, infection, aberrant repair and dysregulated immune responses. Highly variable clinical outcomes of some ILDs, in particular IPF, have made it difficult to identify the precise mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis and thus the development of a specific cure or treatment to halt and reverse the decline in patient health. With the advent of in-depth molecular diagnostics, it is becoming evident that the pathogenesis of IPF is unlikely to be the same for all patients and therefore will likely require different treatment approaches. Chronic inflammation is a cardinal feature of IPF and is driven by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammatory cells and activated fibroblasts secrete various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that perpetuate the inflammatory response and contribute to the recruitment and activation of more immune cells and fibroblasts. The balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune cell subsets, as well as the interactions between immune cell types and resident cells within the lung microenvironment, ultimately determines the extent of fibrosis and the potential for resolution. This review examines the role of the innate and adaptive immune responses in pulmonary fibrosis, with an emphasis on IPF. The role of different immune cell types is discussed as well as novel anti-inflammatory and immunotherapy approaches currently in clinical trial or in preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Tylah Miles
- Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Gerard F Hoyne
- Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; The School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
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17
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Song L, Zhou H, Ye P, Li Q, Chen K, Zhang Y, Zhao F, Shi J, Luo Y, Zhu M, Zhang J, Yang X, Zhao W. A first-in-human phase I study of SHR-1906, a humanized monoclonal antibody against connective tissue growth factor, in healthy participants. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2604-2613. [PMID: 37766387 PMCID: PMC10719490 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic targets and drugs are urgently needed to halt the fibrosing process in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). SHR-1906 is a novel fully humanized monoclonal antibody against the connective tissue growth factor, which plays an essential role in the genesis of IPF. We assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and immunogenicity of single dose SHR-1906 in healthy participants. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, phase I study. Twelve healthy participants for each dose level were enrolled to receive single ascending doses of SHR-1906 intravenously (1.5, 6, 12, 20, 30, and 45 mg/kg) or placebo and followed for 71 days. The primary end points were safety and tolerability. Treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 25 participants (46.3%) in the SHR-1906 group and 11 (61.1%) in the placebo group. No serious adverse events occurred. Over the dose range investigated, the geometric mean clearance was 0.14-0.63 mL/h/kg, the geometric mean volume of distribution at steady-state was 47.4-75.5 mL/kg, and the terminal elimination half-life was 51.9-349 h. SHR-1906 showed nonlinear PKs. The peak concentration increased in a dose-proportional manner, whereas the area under the concentration-time curve showed a greater than dose-proportional increase. Anti-drug antibodies of SHR-1906 were detected in nine of 54 participants (16.7%). A single dose of SHR-1906 up to 45 mg/kg demonstrated a favorable tolerability profile in healthy participants. The PKs and immunogenicity of SHR-1906 were evaluated, supporting further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin‐Lin Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug DevelopmentShandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyJinanChina
| | - Hai‐Yan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug DevelopmentShandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyJinanChina
| | - Pan‐Pan Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug DevelopmentShandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyJinanChina
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug DevelopmentShandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyJinanChina
| | - Ke‐Guang Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug DevelopmentShandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyJinanChina
| | - Ye‐Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug DevelopmentShandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyJinanChina
| | - Fu‐Rong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug DevelopmentShandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyJinanChina
| | - Jin‐Yi Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug DevelopmentShandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyJinanChina
| | - Yuan Luo
- Clinical Research and DevelopmentJiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Min Zhu
- Clinical Research and DevelopmentJiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Jian‐Jun Zhang
- Clinical Research and DevelopmentJiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Xin‐Mei Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug DevelopmentShandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyJinanChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug DevelopmentShandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical PharmacyJinanChina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
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18
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Bonella F, Spagnolo P, Ryerson C. Current and Future Treatment Landscape for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Drugs 2023; 83:1581-1593. [PMID: 37882943 PMCID: PMC10693523 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains a disease with poor survival. The pathogenesis is complex and encompasses multiple molecular pathways. The first-generation antifibrotics pirfenidone and nintedanib, approved more than 10 years ago, have been shown to reduce the rate of progression, increase the length of life for patients with IPF, and work for other fibrotic lung diseases. In the last two decades, most clinical trials on IPF have failed to meet the primary endpoint and an urgent unmet need remains to identify agents or treatment strategies that can stop disease progression. The pharmacotherapeutic landscape for IPF is moving forward with a number of new drugs currently in clinical development, mostly in phase I and II trials, while only a few phase III trials are running. Since our understanding of IPF pathogenesis is still limited, we should keep focusing our efforts to deeper understand the mechanisms underlying this complex disease and their reflection on clinical phenotypes. This review discusses the key pathogenetic concepts for the development of new antifibrotic agents, presents the newest data on approved therapies, and summarizes new compounds currently in clinical development. Finally, future directions in antifibrotics development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonella
- Pneumology Department, Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Ruhrlandklinik University Hospital, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular, Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova School of Medicine and Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | - Chris Ryerson
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Park SS, Mai M, Ploszaj M, Cai H, McGarvey L, Mueller C, Garcia-Arcos I, Geraghty P. Type 1 diabetes contributes to combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in male alpha 1 antitrypsin deficient mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291948. [PMID: 37819895 PMCID: PMC10566687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and can affect multiple organs, leading to life-threatening complications. Increased prevalence of pulmonary disease is observed in T1D patients, and diabetes is a leading cause of comorbidity in several lung pathologies. A deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) can lead to the development of emphysema. Decreased AAT plasma concentrations and anti-protease activity are documented in T1D patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether T1D exacerbates the progression of lung damage in AAT deficiency. First, pulmonary function testing (PFT) and histopathological changes in the lungs of C57BL/6J streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice were investigated 3 and 6 months after the onset of hyperglycemia. PFT demonstrated a restrictive pulmonary pattern in the lungs of STZ-injected mice, along with upregulation of mRNA expression of pro-fibrotic markers Acta2, Ccn2, and Fn1. Increased collagen deposition was observed 6 months after the onset of hyperglycemia. To study the effect of T1D on the progression of lung damage in AAT deficiency background, C57BL/6J AAT knockout (KO) mice were used. Control and STZ-challenged AAT KO mice did not show significant changes in lung function 3 months after the onset of hyperglycemia. However, histological examination of the lung demonstrated increased collagen accumulation and alveolar space enlargement in STZ-induced AAT KO mice. AAT pretreatment on TGF-β-stimulated primary lung fibroblasts reduced mRNA expression of pro-fibrotic markers ACTA2, CCN2, and FN1. Induction of T1D in AAT deficiency leads to a combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) phenotype in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi S. Park
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Michelle Mai
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Magdalena Ploszaj
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Huchong Cai
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Lucas McGarvey
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Christian Mueller
- The Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, Horae Gene Therapy Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Itsaso Garcia-Arcos
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
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20
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Guo H, Sun J, Zhang S, Nie Y, Zhou S, Zeng Y. Progress in understanding and treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: recent insights and emerging therapies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1205948. [PMID: 37608885 PMCID: PMC10440605 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1205948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a long-lasting, continuously advancing, and irrevocable interstitial lung disorder with an obscure origin and inadequately comprehended pathological mechanisms. Despite the intricate and uncharted causes and pathways of IPF, the scholarly consensus upholds that the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts-instigated by injury to the alveolar epithelial cells-and the disproportionate accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as collagen, are integral to IPF's progression. The introduction of two novel anti-fibrotic medications, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have exhibited efficacy in decelerating the ongoing degradation of lung function, lessening hospitalization risk, and postponing exacerbations among IPF patients. Nonetheless, these pharmacological interventions do not present a definitive solution to IPF, positioning lung transplantation as the solitary potential curative measure in contemporary medical practice. A host of innovative therapeutic strategies are presently under rigorous scrutiny. This comprehensive review encapsulates the recent advancements in IPF research, spanning from diagnosis and etiology to pathological mechanisms, and introduces a discussion on nascent therapeutic methodologies currently in the pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yulan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Shan J, Wu MY, Zhang YC, Lin YJ, Cheng B, Gao YR, Liu ZH, Xu HM. Hsa-miR-379 down-regulates Rac1/MLK3/JNK/AP-1/Collagen I cascade reaction by targeting connective tissue growth factor in human alveolar basal epithelial A549 cells. Cytokine 2023; 166:156191. [PMID: 37002970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to screen and identify miRNAs that could regulate human CTGF gene and downstream cascade reaction Rac1/MLK3/JNK/AP-1/Collagen I by bioinformatics and experimental means. METHODS TargetScan and Tarbase were used to predict miRNAs that may have regulatory effects on human CTGF gene. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to verify the results obtained in bioinformatics. Human alveolar basal epithelial A549 cells were exposed to silica (SiO2) culture medium for 24 h to establish an in vitro model of pulmonary fibrosis, and bleomycin (BLM) of 100 ng/mL was used as a positive control. The miRNA and mRNA expression levels were determined by RT-qPCR, and the protein levels were measured by western blot in hsa-miR-379-3p overexpression group or not. RESULTS A total of 9 differentially expressed miRNAs that might regulate the human CTGF gene were predicted. Hsa-miR-379-3p and hsa-miR-411-3p were selected for the subsequent experiments. The results of the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that hsa-miR-379-3p could bind to CTGF, but hsa-miR-411-3p could not. Compared with the control group, SiO2 exposure (25 and 50 μg/mL) could significantly reduce the expression level of hsa-miR-379-3p in A549 cells. SiO2 exposure (50 μg/mL) could significantly increase the mRNA expression levels of CTGF, Collagen I, Rac1, MLK3, JNK, AP1, and VIM in A549 cells, while CDH1 level was significantly decreased. Compared with SiO2 + NC group, the mRNA expression levels of CTGF, Collagen I, Rac1, MLK3, JNK, AP1, and VIM were significantly decreased, and CDH1 level was significantly higher when hsa-miR-379-3p was overexpressed. At the same time, overexpression of hsa-miR-379-3p improved the protein levels of CTGF, Collagen I, c-Jun and phospho-c-Jun, JNK1 and phospho-JNK1 significantly compared with SiO2 + NC group. CONCLUSION Hsa-miR-379-3p was demonstrated for the first time that could directly target and down-regulate human CTGF gene, and further affect the expression levels of key genes and proteins in Rac1/MLK3/JNK/AP-1/Collagen I cascade reaction.
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Sisto M, Lisi S. Towards a Unified Approach in Autoimmune Fibrotic Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109060. [PMID: 37240405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is a chronic process resulting in inflammation, tissue damage, and subsequent tissue remodelling and organ fibrosis. In contrast to acute inflammatory reactions, pathogenic fibrosis typically results from the chronic inflammatory reactions characterizing autoimmune diseases. Despite having obvious aetiological and clinical outcome distinctions, most chronic autoimmune fibrotic disorders have in common a persistent and sustained production of growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, angiogenic factors, and fibrogenic cytokines, which together stimulate the deposition of connective tissue elements or epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT) that progressively remodels and destroys normal tissue architecture leading to organ failure. Despite its enormous impact on human health, there are currently no approved treatments that directly target the molecular mechanisms of fibrosis. The primary goal of this review is to discuss the most recent identified mechanisms of chronic autoimmune diseases characterized by a fibrotic evolution with the aim to identify possible common and unique mechanisms of fibrogenesis that might be exploited in the development of effective antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 1, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lisi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 1, I-70124 Bari, Italy
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Fertala J, Wang ML, Rivlin M, Beredjiklian PK, Abboud J, Arnold WV, Fertala A. Extracellular Targets to Reduce Excessive Scarring in Response to Tissue Injury. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050758. [PMID: 37238628 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive scar formation is a hallmark of localized and systemic fibrotic disorders. Despite extensive studies to define valid anti-fibrotic targets and develop effective therapeutics, progressive fibrosis remains a significant medical problem. Regardless of the injury type or location of wounded tissue, excessive production and accumulation of collagen-rich extracellular matrix is the common denominator of all fibrotic disorders. A long-standing dogma was that anti-fibrotic approaches should focus on overall intracellular processes that drive fibrotic scarring. Because of the poor outcomes of these approaches, scientific efforts now focus on regulating the extracellular components of fibrotic tissues. Crucial extracellular players include cellular receptors of matrix components, macromolecules that form the matrix architecture, auxiliary proteins that facilitate the formation of stiff scar tissue, matricellular proteins, and extracellular vesicles that modulate matrix homeostasis. This review summarizes studies targeting the extracellular aspects of fibrotic tissue synthesis, presents the rationale for these studies, and discusses the progress and limitations of current extracellular approaches to limit fibrotic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mark L Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael Rivlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Pedro K Beredjiklian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Joseph Abboud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - William V Arnold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Liu W, Hua Y, Zheng D, Lv W, Zhang W, Chen Q, Huang R, Li X. Plasma Connective Tissue Growth Factor as a Biomarker of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With Congenital Heart Disease in Adults. Circ J 2023; 87:527-535. [PMID: 36843115 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-22-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has diagnostic value for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) in children; however, its value in adult patients remains unclear. This study evaluated CTGF as a biomarker in adult PAH-CHD patients.Methods and Results: Based on mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), 56 CHD patients were divided into 3 groups: without PAH (W; mPAP <25 mmHg; n=28); mild PAH (M; mPAP 25-35 mmHg; n=18); and moderate and severe PAH (H; mPAP ≥35 mmHg; n=10). The control group consisted of 28 healthy adults. Plasma CTGF and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations were determined. Plasma CTGF concentrations were higher in the H and M groups than in the W and control groups, and were higher in the H than M group. Plasma CTGF concentrations were positively correlated with pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), mPAP, and pulmonary vascular resistance, and negatively correlated with mixed venous oxygen saturation. CTGF, BNP, red blood cell distribution width, and World Health Organization Class III/IV were risk factors for PAH in CHD patients, and CTGF was an independent risk factor for PAH-CHD. The efficacy of CTGF in the diagnosis of PAH was not inferior to that of BNP. CONCLUSIONS CTGF is a biomarker of PAH associated with CHD. It can be used for early diagnosis and severity assessment in adult patients with CHD-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University.,Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen
| | - Ying Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Dongdong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Wenjing Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
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Trials and Treatments: An Update on Pharmacotherapy for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020486. [PMID: 36836843 PMCID: PMC9963632 DOI: 10.3390/life13020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease that occurs predominantly in the older population. There is increasing incidence and prevalence in IPF globally. The emergence of anti-fibrotic therapies in the last decade have improved patient survival though a cure is yet to be developed. In this review article, we aim to summarize the existing and novel pharmacotherapies for the treatment of IPF (excluding treatments for acute exacerbations), focusing on the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of the disease, mechanism of action of the drugs, and clinical trials.
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Lin F, Yuan Y, Ye X, Lv J, Liu X, Guo H, Wen X. Characterization and role of connective tissue growth factor gene in collagen synthesis in swim bladder of chu's croaker (Nibea coibor). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1336-1345. [PMID: 36473534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) is a matricellular protein with diverse biological function. It is regarded as a central regulator of tissue fibrosis and collagen synthesis in mammals. However, its roles in fish remain elusive. Here, a ctgf gene was cloned (NcCtgf), characterized and functionally studied in the chu's croaker (Nibea coibor). NcCtgf encoded a protein containing 346 amino acids, 38 conserved cysteine residues, 4 functional domains and a signal peptide. NcCtgf shared highest identity (99.4 %) to the Larimichthys crocea Ctgf protein. Phylogenetic tree revealed that NcCtgf clustered with the teleost Ctgfa and Ctgf of higher vertebrates, instead of teleost Ctgfb. NcCtgf was expressed with higher level in gonad, spleen, gill and swimming bladder than other tissues, and was up-regulated in swim bladder synchronously with collagen I genes by hydroxyproline and TGF-β1 treatment. NcCtgf knockdown/overexpression inhibited/promoted collagen synthesis in swim bladder cell, respectively. Notably, NcCtgf protein could be secreted to cell culture medium and up-regulated collagen I expression in swim bladder cell. These findings indicate NcCtgf plays vital roles in collagen synthesis in swim bladder of Nibea coibor, and provide basis for further understanding of ctgf evolution and exploring new approach for enhancing collagen deposition in fish products during aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yuying Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaokang Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiehuan Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Haoji Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Kadefors M, Berlin F, Wildt M, Dellgren G, Rolandsson Enes S, Aspberg A, Westergren-Thorsson G. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 expression is not associated with an activated fibroblast phenotype in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:953771. [PMID: 36120350 PMCID: PMC9473336 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.953771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) has been proposed as a marker for activated fibroblasts in fibrotic disease. We aimed to investigate whether a profibrotic DPP4 phenotype is present in lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The presence of DPP4+ fibroblasts in normal and IPF lung tissue was investigated using flow cytometry and immunohistology. In addition, the involvement of DPP4 in fibroblast activation was examined in vitro, using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genetic inactivation to generate primary DPP4 knockout lung fibroblasts. We observed a reduced frequency of primary DPP4+ fibroblasts in IPF tissue using flow cytometry, and an absence of DPP4+ fibroblasts in pathohistological features of IPF. The in vivo observations were supported by results in vitro showing a decreased expression of DPP4 on normal and IPF fibroblasts after profibrotic stimuli (transforming growth factor β) and no effect on the expression of activation markers (α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I and connective tissue growth factor) upon knockout of DPP4 in lung fibroblasts with or without activation with profibrotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Måns Kadefors
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Måns Kadefors,
| | - Frida Berlin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Wildt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Dellgren
- Transplant Institute and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Aspberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Piceatannol-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway inhibition contributes to the alleviation of oxidative injury and collagen synthesis during pulmonary fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109107. [PMID: 35932616 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by oxidative injury and excessive collagen synthesis in lung fibroblasts, causing impaired pulmonary function and chronic lung injury. Piceatannol, a dietary polyphenol, possesses vital pharmacological effects in metabolic disorders, cancers, cardiovascular disease and infectious disease; however, its role in PF is still not completely elucidated. Mice (8 to 10 weeks old) were administered bleomycin (BLM) intratracheally (2 U/kg) to establish an in vivo PF model. Murine primary lung fibroblasts were isolated and stimulated with TGF-β (10 ng/mL) for 48 h to induce its activation. Meanwhile, mice or primary lung fibroblasts were treated with different doses of piceatannol to observe its protective roles. Pulmonary function and arterial blood gas were detected to assess pulmonary physiological status. Collagen deposition and the mRNA levels of profibrotic genes were determined by H&E staining and RT-PCR. Meanwhile, the protein and mRNA markers, as well as end-product of oxidative stress were detected in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that pulmonary function was significantly impaired in BLM-induced mice, accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and excessive collagen synthesis. Piceatannol significantly improved pulmonary function and decreased oxidative injury as well as collagen synthesis in mice with PF. Mechanically, piceatannol treatment significantly inhibited the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in BLM-induced mice and TGF-β-induced lung fibroblasts. Additional findings also demonstrated that coumermycin A1 (C-A1), an agonist of JAK2, could abolish the effects of piceatannol on TGF-β-induced lung fibroblasts and reactivated the phosphorylation STAT3. Taken together, our study demonstrated that piceatannol could protect against oxidative injury and collagen synthesis during PF in a JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway-dependent manner.
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