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Sanei-Dehkordi A, Tagizadeh AM, Bahadori MB, Nikkhah E, Pirmohammadi M, Rahimi S, Nazemiyeh H. Larvicidal potential of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil and Delphinium speciosum extract against malaria, dengue, and filariasis mosquito vectors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20677. [PMID: 39237741 PMCID: PMC11377549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue, and Zika, pose major public health challenges globally, affecting millions of people. The growing resistance of mosquito populations to synthetic insecticides underscores the critical need for effective and environmentally friendly larvicides. Although chemical pesticides can initially be effective, they often lead to negative environmental consequences and health hazards for non-target species, including humans. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal effects of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil and Delphinium speciosum extract on the larvae of three major mosquito species: Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Mosquito larvae of Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi, and Cx. quinquefasciatus were reared under controlled laboratory conditions. The larvicidal activity of T. ammi essential oil and D. speciosum extract was evaluated through standard bioassays, using various concentrations of essential oils (10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 ppm) and extracts (160, 320, 640, 1280, and 2560 ppm) to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) values after 24 h of exposure. Fresh plant materials were collected, with the essential oil extracted via hydro-distillation, and the extract prepared using methanol solvent extraction. The chemical composition of T. ammi essential oil was examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, the preliminary analysis of the chemical compounds in D. speciosum extract was carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) techniques. The results indicated that the essential oil of T. ammi exhibited more effective larvicidal activity compared to the D. speciosum extract. Specifically, the essential oil demonstrated LC50 values of 18 ppm for Cx. quinquefasciatus and 19 ppm for Ae. aegypti. In contrast, the D. speciosum extract showed the strongest larvicidal effect against An. stephensi, with an LC50 of 517 ppm. Concentrations of 40 ppm of the essential oil and 1280 ppm of the extract resulted in 100% mortality across all three species. Both the essential oil of T. ammi and the D. speciosum extract exhibited concentration-dependent larvicidal activity, and these results were statistically significant (p < 0.001) compared to the no-treatment group. GC-MS analysis revealed thymol (88.95%), o-cymen-5-ol (4.11%), and γ-terpinene (2.10%) as the major constituents of the T. ammi essential oil. Additionally, TLC verified the presence of alkaloids in both chloroform and methanolic extracts. Proton NMR identified a diterpene structure for these alkaloids. These findings suggest that T. ammi essential oil is a promising candidate for natural mosquito control strategies. Given its efficacy, further research is warranted to explore its potential in integrated vector management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amir Masoud Tagizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Babak Bahadori
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Elhameh Nikkhah
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Pirmohammadi
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rahimi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Hossein Nazemiyeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Cruz JN, de Oliveira MS, Ferreira OO, Gomes ARQ, Mali SN, Pereira SFM, Ansar S, dos Santos CBR, Lima RR, de Andrade EHA. Analysis of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Toxicity of Essential Oil from Virola sebifera Aubl (Myristicaceae). Molecules 2024; 29:3431. [PMID: 39065009 PMCID: PMC11279522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Volatile oils or essential oils (EOs) were extracted from three V. sebifera samples (labeled as A, B, and C) in September 2018 and February 2019; the extraction process involved hydrodistillation of the leaves. The chemical compositions of the EOs were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The volatile components were identified by comparing their retention indices and mass spectra with standard substances documented in the literature (ADAMS). The antioxidant activity of the EOs was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while their toxicity was assessed using Artemia salina Leach. Molecular docking was utilized to examine the interaction between the major constituents of V. sebifera EO and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a molecular target linked to toxicity in A. salina models. The EO obtained from specimen A, collected in September 2018, was characterized by being primarily composed of (E,E)-α-farnesene (47.57%), (E)-caryophyllene (12.26%), and α-pinene (6.93%). Conversely, the EO from specimen A, collected in February 2019, was predominantly composed of (E,E)-α-farnesene (42.82%), (E)-caryophyllene (16.02%), and bicyclogermacrene (8.85%), the EO from specimen B, collected in September 2018, primarily contained (E,E)-α-farnesene (47.65%), (E)-caryophyllene (19.67%), and α-pinene (11.95%), and the EO from the leaves collected in February 2019 was characterized by (E,E)-α-farnesene (23.57%), (E)-caryophyllene (19.34%), and germacrene D (7.33%). The EO from the leaves collected in September 2018 contained (E,E)-α-farnesene (26.65%), (E)-caryophyllene (15.7%), and germacrene D (7.72%), while the EO from the leaves collected in February 2019 was primarily characterized by (E,E)-α-farnesene (37.43%), (E)-caryophyllene (21.4%), and α-pinene (16.91%). Among these EOs, sample B collected in February 2019 demonstrated the highest potential for inhibiting free radicals, with an inhibition rate of 34.74%. Conversely, the EOs from specimen A exhibited the highest toxic potentials, with an lethal concentration 50 (LC50) value of 57.62 ± 1.53 µg/mL, while specimen B had an LC50 value of 74.72 ± 2.86 µg/mL. Molecular docking results suggested that hydrophobic interactions significantly contributed to the binding of the major compounds in the EO from sample B to the binding pocket of AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorddy Neves Cruz
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Paraense Emílio Museum, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (M.S.d.O.)
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Paraense Emílio Museum, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (M.S.d.O.)
| | | | - Suraj N. Mali
- School of Pharmacy, D.Y. Patil University, Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India
| | - Soluan Felipe Melo Pereira
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Paraense Emílio Museum, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (M.S.d.O.)
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Cleydson Breno Rodrigues dos Santos
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68903-230, AP, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Helena Aguiar de Andrade
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Paraense Emílio Museum, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (M.S.d.O.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
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Abbas MG, Azeem M, Bashir MU, Ali F, Mozūratis R, Binyameen M. Chemical Composition, Repellent, and Oviposition Deterrent Potential of Wild Plant Essential Oils against Three Mosquito Species. Molecules 2024; 29:2657. [PMID: 38893531 PMCID: PMC11173646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the chemical composition, repellent, and oviposition deterrent effects of five plant essential oils (EOs) extracted from Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), Schinus terebinthifolia (Anacardiaceae), Callistemon viminalis (Myrtaceae), Helichrysum odoratissimum (Asteraceae), and Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae) were evaluated against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, and Culex quinquefasciatus. When tested at 33.3 µg/cm2, L. camara, S. terebinthifolia, C. viminalis, and H. odoratissimum were effective repellents against Ae. aegypti (89%, 91%, 90%, and 51% repellency, respectively), but they were less repellent against An. gambiae (66%, 86%, 59%, and 49% repellency, respectively). Interestingly, L. camara, S. terebinthifolia, C. viminalis, and H. odoratissimum exhibited 100% repellency against Cx. quinquefasciatus at 33.3 μg/cm2. In time-span bioassays performed at 333 μg/cm2, the EO of L. camara exhibited 100% repellence against Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae for up to 15 min and against Cx. quinquefasciatus for 75 min. The oviposition bioassays revealed that L. camara exhibited the highest activity, showing 85%, 59%, and 89% oviposition deterrence against Ae. aegypti, An. gambiae, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively. The major compounds of L. camara, S. terebinthifolia, and C. viminalis were trans-β-caryophyllene (16.7%), α-pinene (15.5%), and 1,8-cineole (38.1%), respectively. In conclusion, the L. camara and S. terebinthifolia EOs have the potential to be natural mosquito repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ghazanfar Abbas
- Laboratory of Insect Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.G.A.); (M.U.B.)
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Muhammad Umar Bashir
- Laboratory of Insect Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.G.A.); (M.U.B.)
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Raimondas Mozūratis
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioral Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Muhammad Binyameen
- Laboratory of Insect Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.G.A.); (M.U.B.)
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Farag SM, Moustafa MAM, Fónagy A, Kamel OMHM, Abdel-Haleem DR. Chemical composition of four essential oils and their adulticidal, repellence, and field oviposition deterrence activities against Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2024; 123:110. [PMID: 38267697 PMCID: PMC10808171 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Effective mosquito repellents can limit the transmission of vector-borne diseases to humans. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop mosquito control strategies that prioritize eco-friendly and cost-effective repellents. Essential oils (EOs) have enormous potential for mosquito repellency. Here, cinnamon, basil, eucalyptus, and peppermint EOs were investigated for adulticide and repellency properties against Culex pipiens as well on the oviposition behavior of gravid females from laboratory (lab test) and field (field test) populations. Cinnamon oil was an effective oviposition deterrent regardless of the population and had high adulticidal activity with toxicity index of 75.00% at 24 h of exposure, relative to deltamethrin. In addition, it exhibited effective repellency at 98.01% and 71.22% at 6.67 and 1.71 µl/cm2, respectively. Peppermint oil had the least adulticidal activity with toxicity index of 6.2% at 24 h, and it resulted in low repellency at 70.90% and 50.64% at 6.67 and 1.71 µl/cm2, respectively. On average, basil and eucalyptus oils showed some adulticidal efficiency, repellency, and oviposition deterrent activity. For all treatments, the oviposition deterrent index values of gravid females from natural populations (field test) were lower than those from lab-reared (lab test) females. Different ratios of monoterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and fatty acids in the EOs tested likely account for the activity variations observed. Our results suggest cinnamon, basil, eucalyptus, and peppermint EOs, which are widely available, economical, and eco-friendly, with good potential for mosquito control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Farag
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Moataz A M Moustafa
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Adrien Fónagy
- Zoology Department, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH (Eötvös Lóránd Research Network), 1022, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Omnia M H M Kamel
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Industrial Chemistry Research, National Research Center, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Doaa R Abdel-Haleem
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Chen J, Zhou X, Jiang Z, Jiang D. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Pyrido [1,2-α] Pyrimidinone Mesoionic Derivatives Bearing Propenylbenzene as the Vector Control Insecticide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:999-1006. [PMID: 38175165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel pyrido [1,2-α] pyrimidinone mesoionic derivatives bearing a propenylbenzene group at the 1-position were synthesized on the basis of the structure of mesoionic insecticides triflumezopyrim and dicloromezotiaz via a rationally conceived pharmacophore model and evaluated for their insecticidal activities against three insect vectors. The bioassay results showed that some compounds exerted remarkable insecticidal activities against M. domestica, Ae. albopictus, and B. germanica. Particularly, compound 26l displayed outstanding insecticidal activity against Ae. Albopictus, with an LC50 value of 0.45 μg/mL, far superior to that of imidacloprid (LC50 = 1.82 μg/mL) and equivalent to that of triflumezopyrim (0.35 μg/mL). Meanwhile, compound 34l presented a broad insecticidal spectrum, with LC50 values of 1.51 μg/g sugar, 0.52 μg/mL and 0.14 μg/adult, which were about 2.88, 3.50, and 1.50 times better than that of imidacloprid (LC50 = 4.35 μg/g sugar, 1.82 μg/mL and 0.21 μg/adult against M. domestica, Ae. albopictus, and B. germanica, respectively) and equivalent to that of triflumezopyrim against M. domestica (1.13 μg/g sugar) and Ae. albopictus (0.35 μg/mL) but lower than the potency against B. germanica (0.06 μg/g sugar). The molecular docking study by energy minimizations revealed that introducing propenylbenzene at the 1-position of compounds 26l and 34l could embed into the binding pocket of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and form pi-alkyl interaction with LEU306. These results demonstrated that compounds 26l and 34l could be promising candidates for vector control insecticides, which deserved further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiyan Jiang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dingxin Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Zhang R, Zhang W, Zheng J, Xu J, Wang H, Du J, Zhou D, Sun Y, Shen B. Toxic Effects of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. Essential Oil and Its Main Component on Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1516. [PMID: 37050142 PMCID: PMC10096719 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable control of mosquitoes, vectors of many pathogens and parasites, is a critical challenge. Chemical insecticides are gradually losing their effectiveness because of development of resistance, and plant metabolites are increasingly being recognized as potential alternatives to chemical insecticides. This study aimed to analyze the main components of Perilla frutescens essential oil (PE-EO), investigate the specific activity of PE-EO as a botanical insecticide and mosquito repellent, and explore whether its main constituents are potential candidates for further research. The larvicidal activity assay showed that LC50 of PE-EO and 2-hexanoylfuran was 45 and 25 mg/L, respectively. In the ovicidal activity assay, both 120 mg/L PE-EO and 80 mg/L 2-hexanoylfuran could achieve 98% egg mortality. Moreover, PE-EO and 2-hexanoylfuran showed repellency and oviposition deterrence effects. Notably, 10% PE-EO maintained a high rate of protection for 360 min. Although PE-EO and its main component had certain toxic effects on zebrafish, no significant harmful effects were detected in human embryonic kidney cells. Therefore, perilla essential oil is an effective agent for mosquito control at several life stages and that its main component, 2-hexanoylfuran, is a potential candidate for developing novel plant biopesticides.
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Cruz-Castillo AU, Rodríguez-Valdez LM, Correa-Basurto J, Nogueda-Torres B, Andrade-Ochoa S, Nevárez-Moorillón GV. Terpenic Constituents of Essential Oils with Larvicidal Activity against Aedes Aegypti: A QSAR and Docking Molecular Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062454. [PMID: 36985426 PMCID: PMC10054420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a vector for the arbovirus responsible for yellow fever, Zika and Chikungunya virus. Essential oils and their constituents are known for their larvicidal properties and are strong candidates for mosquito control. This work aimed to develop a quantitative structure-activity study and molecular screening for the search and design of new larvicidal agents. Twenty-five monoterpenes with previously evaluated larvicidal activity were built and optimized using computational tools. QSAR models were constructed through genetic algorithms from the larvicidal activity and the calculation of theoretical descriptors for each molecule. Docking studies on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and sterol carrier protein (SCP-2) were also carried out. Results demonstrate that the epoxide groups in the structure of terpenes hinder larvicidal activity, while lipophilicity plays an important role in enhancing biological activity. Larvicidal activity correlates with the interaction of the sterol-carrier protein. Of the 25 compounds evaluated, carvacrol showed the highest larvicidal activity with an LC50 of 8.8 µg/mL. The information included in this work contributes to describing the molecular, topological, and quantum mechanical properties related to the larvicidal activity of monoterpenes and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Ulises Cruz-Castillo
- Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada De Tlalpan No. 3016 y 3058, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04910, Mexico
| | - Luz María Rodríguez-Valdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N Campus Universitario II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N Col. Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N Col. Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Sergio Andrade-Ochoa
- Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada De Tlalpan No. 3016 y 3058, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04910, Mexico
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Onen H, Luzala MM, Kigozi S, Sikumbili RM, Muanga CJK, Zola EN, Wendji SN, Buya AB, Balciunaitiene A, Viškelis J, Kaddumukasa MA, Memvanga PB. Mosquito-Borne Diseases and Their Control Strategies: An Overview Focused on Green Synthesized Plant-Based Metallic Nanoparticles. INSECTS 2023; 14:221. [PMID: 36975906 PMCID: PMC10059804 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes act as vectors of pathogens that cause most life-threatening diseases, such as malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Yellow fever, Zika, West Nile, Lymphatic filariasis, etc. To reduce the transmission of these mosquito-borne diseases in humans, several chemical, biological, mechanical, and pharmaceutical methods of control are used. However, these different strategies are facing important and timely challenges that include the rapid spread of highly invasive mosquitoes worldwide, the development of resistance in several mosquito species, and the recent outbreaks of novel arthropod-borne viruses (e.g., Dengue, Rift Valley fever, tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile, yellow fever, etc.). Therefore, the development of novel and effective methods of control is urgently needed to manage mosquito vectors. Adapting the principles of nanobiotechnology to mosquito vector control is one of the current approaches. As a single-step, eco-friendly, and biodegradable method that does not require the use of toxic chemicals, the green synthesis of nanoparticles using active toxic agents from plant extracts available since ancient times exhibits antagonistic responses and broad-spectrum target-specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. In this article, the current state of knowledge on the different mosquito control strategies in general, and on repellent and mosquitocidal plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles in particular, has been reviewed. By doing so, this review may open new doors for research on mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson Onen
- Department of Entomology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51/59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda
| | - Miryam M. Luzala
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Stephen Kigozi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala P.O. Box 1, Uganda
| | - Rebecca M. Sikumbili
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 190, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Claude-Josué K. Muanga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Eunice N. Zola
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sébastien N. Wendji
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aristote B. Buya
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aiste Balciunaitiene
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Viškelis
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Martha A. Kaddumukasa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala P.O. Box 1, Uganda
| | - Patrick B. Memvanga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Ovicidal toxicity of plant essential oils and their major constituents against two mosquito vectors and their non-target aquatic predators. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2119. [PMID: 36746998 PMCID: PMC9902397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant essential oil (EO) is a natural alternative to synthetic chemical insecticides for mosquito control. EOs from Citrus aurantium L., Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.), and Cinnamomum verum (J. Presl.) were selected for topical assay of their ovicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Their efficacy was compared to that of 1% (w/w) temephos. In addition, their non-toxicity against aquatic mosquito predators, Poecilia latipinna and Poecilia reticulata, was tested. Found by GC-MS analysis, the major constituent of C. verum EO was trans-cinnamaldehyde, of C. aurantium EO was D-limonene, and of C. citratus EO was geranial. Both C. verum EO and trans-cinnamaldehyde at a high concentration (30,000 ppm) exhibited high ovicidal activity against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus eggs after 48 h of incubation with an inhibition rate of 91.0-93.0% for C. verum EO and 96.7-95.2% for trans-cinnamaldehyde. The combination of C. verum EO + geranial exhibited the strongest synergistic inhibition activity (100%) against the two mosquito vectors and was five times more effective than temephos. Moreover, they were not toxic to the non-target fishes. As a safe ovicidal agent for mosquito egg control, the combination of C. verum EO + geranial has excellent potential.
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Shivashankar S, Sumathi M. Gallic acid induces constitutive resistance against Bactrocera dorsalis infestation in mango fruit by its dual action. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105268. [PMID: 36464373 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a major insect pest of mango fruit worldwide resulting in huge loss of fruit quality and productivity. However, there exist a few mango varieties resistant to B. dorsalis infestation. The objective of the present study was, therefore to identify the major fruit component imparting resistance to B. dorsalis. Principal Component Analysis of phenolic acids in pulp and peel tissues of two resistant varieties, viz., Langra and EC 95862, revealed that among the phenolic acids present in the fruit, gallic acid was the most abundant component in both fruit peel and pulp while laboratory studies revealed that gallic acid was acutely toxic to B. dorsalis with its dual action as antioxidant in the host and a prooxidant in the insect. Field study with the preharvest application of gallic acid on young developing fruits of B. dorsalis susceptible Alphonso mango showed that it could protect the fruit against insect damage confirming that gallic acid is essentially responsible for providing constitutive resistance against B. dorsalis in Langra and EC 95862. Thus, preharvest application of gallic acid to developing fruits could be used as part of an Integrated Pest Management strategy to control infestation by B. dorsalis. Future work on breeding / development of transgenes of susceptible mango varieties with high levels of gallic acid in fruit peel is likely to provide the simplest means of inducing constitutive resistance against B. dorsalis infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seshadri Shivashankar
- Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560089, India.
| | - Manoharan Sumathi
- Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560089, India
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Phytochemical Profile, Preliminary Toxicity, and Antioxidant Capacity of the Essential Oils of Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg. and Myrcia sylvatica (G. Mey) DC. (Myrtaceae). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102076. [PMID: 36290799 PMCID: PMC9658195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) of Myrciaria floribunda (Mflo) and Myrcia sylvatica (Msyl) (Myrtaceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation. The analysis of volatile constituents was performed by GC/MS. Preliminary toxicity was assessed on Artemia salina Leach. The antioxidant capacity was measured by the ABTS•+ and DPPH• radical inhibitory activities. The results indicate that the Mflo EO had the highest yield (1.02%), and its chemical profile was characterized by high levels of hydrocarbon (65.83%) and oxygenated (25.74%) monoterpenes, especially 1,8-cineole (23.30%), terpinolene (22.23%) and α-phellandrene (22.19%). Regarding the Msyl EO, only hydrocarbon (51.60%) and oxygenated (46.52%) sesquiterpenes were identified in the sample, with (Z)-α-trans-bergamotene (24.57%), α-sinensal (13.44%), and (Z)-α-bisabolene (8.33%) at higher levels. The EO of Mflo exhibited moderate toxicity against A. salina (LC50 = 82.96 ± 5.20 µg.mL−1), while the EO of Msyl was classified as highly toxic (LC50 = 2.74 ± 0.50 µg.mL−1). In addition, relative to Trolox, the EOs of Mflo and Msyl showed significant inhibitory effects (p < 0.0001) against the DPPH• radical. This study contributes to the expansion of chemical and biological knowledge on the EOs of Myrtaceae species from the Amazon region.
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de Moraes ÂAB, de Jesus Pereira Franco C, Ferreira OO, Varela ELP, do Nascimento LD, Cascaes MM, da Silva DRP, Percário S, de Oliveira MS, de Aguiar Andrade EH. Myrcia paivae O.Berg ( Myrtaceae) Essential Oil, First Study of the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175460. [PMID: 36080231 PMCID: PMC9458249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Myrtaceae family is one of the most representative in the Amazon. Several species have high added-value pharmacological potential. In order to contribute to the knowledge of the aromatic profile of Myrtaceae species from the Amazon, the present study presents the first report on the productivity, chemical composition, and antioxidant profile of the essential oil (EO) of Myrcia paivae. Dry leaves of the species were submitted to hydrodistillation to obtain their EO. The EO performance was calculated on a moisture-free basis and the analysis of the chemical profile was carried out by GC/MS. The determination of the antioxidant capacity was assessed by means of the antioxidant capacity equivalent to the inhibition Trolox of the ABTS•+ and DPPH• radicals. The results indicate that EO performance was equivalent to 1.69%. As for the chemical composition, hydrocarbon monoterpenes were predominant in the sample (>77%); terpinolene (14.70%), α-phellandrene (14.69%), γ-terpinene (9.64%), sylvestrene (7.62%), α-thujene (6.46%), and α-pinene (6.39%) were the constituents with higher content. Regarding the antioxidant capacity, the results show that the EO presented good results in the inhibition of ABTS•+ (0.886 ± 0.226 mM L−1) and DPPH• (2.90 ± 0.083 mM L−1), which can be attributed to the high monoterpene content in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângelo Antônio Barbosa de Moraes
- Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke—Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke—Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia—Rede Bionorte, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
| | - Everton Luiz Pompeu Varela
- Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia—Rede Bionorte, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Diniz do Nascimento
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke—Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil
| | - Márcia Moraes Cascaes
- Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
| | - Dehon Ricardo Pereira da Silva
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke—Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sandro Percário
- Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia—Rede Bionorte, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
| | - Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke—Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil
- Correspondence: or
| | - Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade
- Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke—Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia—Rede Bionorte, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
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Chacón-Vargas KF, Sánchez-Torres LE, Chávez-González ML, Adame-Gallegos JR, Nevárez-Moorillón GV. Mexican Oregano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer and Poliomintha longiflora Gray) Essential Oils Induce Cell Death by Apoptosis in Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana Promastigotes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165183. [PMID: 36014423 PMCID: PMC9416784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected vector-borne disease; there are different manifestations of the diseases and species involved, and cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) mexicana is the most prevalent in Mexico. Currently, the drugs available for the treatment of leishmaniasis are toxic, expensive, and often ineffective; therefore, it is imperative to carry out research and development of new therapeutic alternatives, with natural products being an attractive option. In particular, oregano is a plant with worldwide distribution; in Mexico, two species: Lippia berlandieri Schauer and Poliomintha longiflora Gray are endemic. Both essential oils (EO’s) have been reported to have antimicrobial activity attributed to their main components, thymol and carvacrol. In this research, the leishmanicidal effect and mechanism of cell death induced by L. berlandieri EO, P. longiflora EO, thymol, and carvacrol in L. mexicana promastigotes were determined in vitro. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity in mammalian cells was evaluated. L. berlandieri EO presented higher leishmanicidal activity (IC50 = 41.78 µg/mL) than P. longiflora EO (IC50 = 77.90 µg/mL). Thymol and carvacrol were the major components of both Mexican oregano EO’s. Thymol presented higher leishmanial inhibitory activity (IC50 = 22.39 µg/mL), above that of carvacrol (IC50 = 61.52 µg/mL). All the EO’s and compounds evaluated presented lower cytotoxic activity than the reference drug; thymol was the compound with the best selectivity index (SI). In all cases, apoptosis was identified as the main mechanism of death induced in the parasites. The leishmanicidal capacity of the Mexican oregano EO is an accessible and affordable alternative that can be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Fabiola Chacón-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
| | - Luvia Enid Sánchez-Torres
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.E.S.-T.); (G.V.N.-M.)
| | - Mónica L. Chávez-González
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
| | - Jaime R. Adame-Gallegos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Virginia Nevárez-Moorillón
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.E.S.-T.); (G.V.N.-M.)
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Effectiveness of Herbal Essential Oils as Single and Combined Repellents against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles dirus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070658. [PMID: 35886836 PMCID: PMC9322308 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito repellents reduce human-vector contact of vector-borne diseases. We compared the repellent activity of 10 undiluted essential oils (anise, basil, bergamot, coriander, patchouli, peppermint, petitgrain, rosemary, sage and vetiver) against A. aegypti, A. dirus and C. quinquefasciatus using the arm-in-cage method. Petitgrain oil was the most effective against A. aegypti (270 min). Peppermint oil was the most effective against A. dirus (180 min). Interestingly, all single oils had attributes of repellency against C. quinquefasciatus (ranged, 120−360 min). Moreover, we integrated their binary combinations of highly effective essential oils against A. aegypti and A. dirus to potentially increase the protection time. A 1:1 combination of petitgrain/basil, petitgrain/coriander, basil/coriander and basil/sage reduced the median complete-protection time of 150 min for A. aegypti; a combination of sage and patchouli oils prolonged the median complete-protection time of 270 min for A. dirus. Combining essential oils effect protection time from these two mosquito species.
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Mojarab-Mahboubkar M, Sendi JJ, Mahmoodi N. The sweet wormwood essential oil and its two major constituents are promising for a safe control measure against fall webworm. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105124. [PMID: 35715062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), is a harmful polyphagous global defoliator. The major chemical components of Artemisia annua essential oil (EO) was found to contain (±)-camphor (16.42%), 1,8-cineole (6.22%), α-pinene (6%), caryophyllene (5.19%), and α-selinene (5.17%). The highest toxicity was recorded for EO of A. annua (LD50 = 305.05 μg/larva), followed by (±)-camphor (LD50 = 465.03 μg/larva) and 1,8-cineole (LD50 = 573.49 μg/larva). The binary mixtures of compounds expressed a weaker activity compared to individuals. The (±)-camphor was found to be antagonistic to 1,8-cineole. The biochemical compounds of treated larvae were also determined. The activity level of alanin and aspartate aminotransferase decreased sharply while acid and alkaline phosphatase increased. Activity of lactate dehydrogenase was significantly higher than the control group at 24 h, but decreased significantly after 48 h in all treatments. The activity of esterases were decreased in the treated larvae. The glutathione S-transferase significantly increased in all time intervals. Overall the current results suggest that the sweet wormwood (A. annua) EO and its components could be a safe and environmentally friendly approach in possible control of fall webworm (H. cunea).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malahat Mojarab-Mahboubkar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 416351314, Iran
| | - Jalal Jalali Sendi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 416351314, Iran; Department of Silk Research, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
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Hung NH, Dai DN, Cong TN, Dung NA, Linh LD, Hoa VV, Hien TT, Chuong NTH, Hien VT, Nguyen BV, Setzer WN. Pesticidal Activities of Callicarpa and Premna Essential Oils From Vietnam. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are a consistent problem in Vietnam. Additionally, freshwater snail species are agricultural pests and are known to be intermediate hosts for several parasitic worms. There is a need for new and complementary botanical pesticidal agents for controlling these pests and essential oils have shown promise. In this work, essential oils from 2 species of Callicarpa ( C. rubella and C. sinuata) and 4 species of Premna ( P. chevalieri, P. corymbosa, P. maclurei, and P. tomentosa) were screened for mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus and for molluscicidal activity against 3 freshwater snail species, Gyraulus convexiusculus, Pomacea canaliculata, and Tarebia granifera. Callicarpa rubella essential oil showed exceptional larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus with 24-h LC50 of 9.8 μg/mL. In addition to C. rubella, the essential oils of P. chevalieri and P. tomentosa showed notable molluscicidal activities against P. canaliculata with LC90 values ≤ 20 μg/mL. These Callicarpa and Premna essential oils were all rich in sesquiterpenes and should be considered for continued investigation as botanical pesticidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Hung
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Do Ngoc Dai
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Nghe An College of Economics, Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam
| | - Truong Nguyen Cong
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Nghe An College of Economics, Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Anh Dung
- School of Natural Science Education, Vinh University, Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam
| | - Le Duy Linh
- School of Natural Science Education, Vinh University, Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam
| | - Vo Van Hoa
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thu Hien
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | | | - Vu Thi Hien
- Faculty of Hydrometeorology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, UT, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
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Larvicidal Activity and Phytochemical Profiling of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaf Extract against Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Applying larvicides to interrupt a mosquito’s life cycle is an important strategy for vector control. This study was conducted to evaluate the larvicidal properties of the hexane extract of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.; family Lamiaceae) leaves against the wild strain of Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Third instar larvae (20 larvae/replicate, n = 3) were exposed to different concentrations of the extract (6.25–200 µg/mL), and the mortality rate was recorded. Probit analysis showed that the median lethal concentration and 95% lethal concentration of the extract were 16.0 (10.9–22.1) and 53.0 (34.6–136.8) µg/mL, respectively, after 24 h exposure. Only the fractions F3, F4, and F5 from the column chromatography displayed high mortality rates of 91.7–100% at 25.0 µg/mL after 24 h exposure. Subsequent column chromatography from the pooled fraction yielded two active subfractions, H-F345-S2 and H-F345-S3, with mortality rates of 100% and 98.3 ± 2.9%, respectively, at 12.5 µg/mL. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis unveiled that methyl chavicol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, cedrelanol, methyl eugenol, 2,4,di-tert-butylphenol, and phytol were the major components in both subfractions with some of them being reported as larvicidal compounds. The results suggest that sweet basil has substantial larvicidal activity against Ae. albopictus mosquito and is a potential source of naturally derived larvicide.
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Soonwera M, Moungthipmalai T, Aungtikun J, Sittichok S. Combinations of plant essential oils and their major compositions inducing mortality and morphological abnormality of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09346. [PMID: 35521510 PMCID: PMC9065628 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive uses of synthetic insecticides to control mosquito's populations have induced the insects to develop resistance against them, rendering them ineffective today. Moreover, they cause serious impacts on human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, safe and effective natural alternatives are needed. This study evaluated the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of essential oils (EOs) from Illicium verum and Zanthoxylum limonella and the major constituents against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes as well as recorded their morphological aberrations at death. The GC-MS analysis showed that trans-anethole was the major constituent of I. verum EO, and limonene was the major constituent of Z. limonella EO. Both were more effective against the larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti than those of Ae. albopictus. A 2.5% I. verum EO + 2.5% trans-anethole combination showed the highest larvicidal and pupicidal effects against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus with an LT50 ranging from 0.2-6.9 h. Between the two tested constituents, trans-anethole exhibited stronger larvicidal and pupicidal activities (LC50 ranging 2.4-3.4%) against the two tested mosquito species than d-limonene (LC50 ranging 2.5-3.7%). Most importantly, 5% trans-anethole, 5% d-limonene, and 2.5% I. verum EO + 2.5% trans-anethole were more effective (LT50 ranging 0.1-0.3 h) than 1% (w/w) temephos (LT50 ranging 2.9-3.1 h). Morphological aberrations at death observed were such as color pigment and thorax shape abnormalities. To conclude, trans-anethole, d-limonene, and a combination of I. verum EO + trans-anethole, are natural compounds that not only are as effective as temephos at the time of this study, but should be also be much safer to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayura Soonwera
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Tanapoom Moungthipmalai
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Jirapon Aungtikun
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Sirawut Sittichok
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
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Nanoliposomes Containing Carvacrol and Carvacrol-Rich Essential Oils as Effective Mosquitoes Larvicides. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Dieng H, McLean S, Stradling H, Morgan C, Gordon M, Ebanks W, Ebanks Z, Wheeler A. Aquatain® causes anti-oviposition, egg retention and oocyte melanization and triggers female death in Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:100. [PMID: 35317811 PMCID: PMC8939118 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In arboviral disease systems where the virus can be transmitted from male to female vectors and from one generation to the next, targeting the female (especially when she is gravid) can help alter the persistence of the virus in nature and its transmission. A typical example is Aedes aegypti, which has become unmanageable due to the development of insecticide resistance. Despite evidence that monomolecular surface films prevent the selection of genetic resistance, their potential in Aedes vector control remains largely unexplored. Methods We examined the oviposition, egg retention, oocyte melanization, and female mortality of the Cayman Islands strain of Ae. aegypti, using choice (balanced and unbalanced) and no-choice bioassays involving Aquatain® Mosquito Formulation (AMF; Aquatain Products Pty Ltd.), a polydimethylsiloxane–based liquid used for mosquito control. Results When presented with similar opportunities to oviposit in two sites treated with AMF and two other sites with untreated water (control), egg deposition rates were significantly higher in the untreated water sites than in the AMF-treated sites (P < 0.05). We also observed a matching pattern of egg deposition preference in environments with more options in terms of AMF-treated sites. Females laid significantly more eggs when water was the only available medium than when all sites were treated with AMF (P < 0.05). Also, significantly more mature eggs were withheld in the AMF no-choice environment than in the no-choice test involving only water (P < 0.05). Internal oocyte melanization was not observed in females from the oviposition arenas with the lowest AMF presence (equal-choice and water-based no-choice); in contrast, this physiological response intensified as the number of AMF-treated sites increased. Female death occurred at high rates in AMF-treated environments, and this response increased with the increasing presence of such egg deposition sites. Conclusions This study demonstrated that AMF acted as a deterrent signal to ovipositing Ae. aegypti and as an indirect adulticide. These results suggest that AMF may be a promising control tool against the dengue vector, and this warrants further evaluation under field settings. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamady Dieng
- Mosquito Research and Control Unit (MRCU), George Town, Cayman Islands.
| | - Storm McLean
- The University College of the Cayman Islands, Olympic Way, George Town, Cayman Islands
| | | | - Cole Morgan
- The Forensic Department, Health Services Authority, George Town, Cayman Islands
| | - Malik Gordon
- The University College of the Cayman Islands, Olympic Way, George Town, Cayman Islands
| | - Whitney Ebanks
- Mosquito Research and Control Unit (MRCU), George Town, Cayman Islands
| | - Zoila Ebanks
- Mosquito Research and Control Unit (MRCU), George Town, Cayman Islands
| | - Alan Wheeler
- Mosquito Research and Control Unit (MRCU), George Town, Cayman Islands
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Álvarez Valverde V, Rodríguez Rodríguez G, Argüello Vargas S. Bioguided Phytochemical Study of Ipomoea cairica Extracts with Larvicidal Activity against Aedes aegypti. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041348. [PMID: 35209137 PMCID: PMC8876939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases, such as those transmitted by Aedes aegypti, are a constant threat to inhabitants of tropical regions of the planet. Synthetic chemicals are commonly used as a strategy to control them; however, these products are known to persist in ecosystems and drive the appearance of resistance genes in arthropod vectors. Thus, the use of natural products has emerged as an environmentally friendly alternative in integrated vector control strategies. The present bioguided study investigated the larvicidal potential of Ipomoea cairica extracts, fractionated using thin-layer and open-column chromatography, because this species has been shown to exert larvicidal effects on the genus Aedes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nonvolatile components in ethanolic extract of I. cairica stems as a potential natural larvicidal, and coumarins, such as 7-hydroxy-6-methoxychromen-2-one (scopoletin) and 7-hydroxychromen-2-one (umbelliferone), were identified as major compounds; however, they were not shown to be responsible for the larvicidal activity. Based on the results of the larvicidal action tests, these coumarins are not directly responsible for the larvicidal activity, but this activity might be attributed to a synergistic effect of all the compounds present in the most active secondary fraction, called F.DCM, which had an LC50 value of 30.608 mg/L. This type of study has yet not been conducted in the region; therefore, it is an important contribution to recognizing a natural and easy-to-cultivate source of vector control, such I. cairica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Álvarez Valverde
- Programa Regional en Ciencias Veterinarias Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica;
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Silvia Argüello Vargas
- Programa Regional en Ciencias Veterinarias Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica;
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Şengül Demirak MŞ, Canpolat E. Plant-Based Bioinsecticides for Mosquito Control: Impact on Insecticide Resistance and Disease Transmission. INSECTS 2022; 13:162. [PMID: 35206735 PMCID: PMC8878986 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of synthetic insecticides has been a solution to reduce mosquito-borne disease transmission for decades. Currently, no single intervention is sufficient to reduce the global disease burden caused by mosquitoes. Problems associated with extensive usage of synthetic compounds have increased substantially which makes mosquito-borne disease elimination and prevention more difficult over the years. Thus, it is crucial that much safer and effective mosquito control strategies are developed. Natural compounds from plants have been efficiently used to fight insect pests for a long time. Plant-based bioinsecticides are now considered a much safer and less toxic alternative to synthetic compounds. Here, we discuss candidate plant-based compounds that show larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent properties. Our discussion also includes their mode of action and potential impact in mosquito disease transmission and circumvention of resistance. This review improves our knowledge on plant-based bioinsecticides and the potential for the development of state-of-the-art mosquito control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Ş. Şengül Demirak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat 60150, Turkey;
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23
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Camilo CJ, Duarte Leite DO, de Fatima Alves Nonato C, Gomes de Carvalho NK, Ribeiro DA, Martins da Costa JG. Traditional use of the genus Lippia sp. and pesticidal potential: A review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Natural larvicide mixed lime leaf extract and galangal rhizome to mortality Aedes aegypti larvae. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Sharma S, Loach N, Gupta S, Mohan L. Evaluation of larval toxicity, mode of action and chemical composition of citrus essential oils against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Andrade-Ochoa S, Chacón-Vargas KF, Sánchez-Torres LE, Rivera-Chavira BE, Nogueda-Torres B, Nevárez-Moorillón GV. Differential Antimicrobial Effect of Essential Oils and Their Main Components: Insights Based on the Cell Membrane and External Structure. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060405. [PMID: 34071618 PMCID: PMC8227281 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The biological activity of essential oils and their major components is well documented. Essential oils such as oregano and cinnamon are known for their effect against bacteria, fungi, and even viruses. The mechanism of action is proposed to be related to membrane and external cell structures, including cell walls. This study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of seven essential oils and eight of their major components against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, filamentous fungi, and protozoans. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by determination of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration for Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporium, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania mexicana, and the median lethal dose (LD50) for Giardia lamblia. Results showed that oregano essential oil showed the best antibacterial activity (66–100 µg/mL), while cinnamon essential oil had the best fungicidal activity (66–116 µg/mL), and both showed excellent antiprotozoal activity (22–108 µg/mL). Regarding the major components, thymol and carvacrol were also good antimicrobials (23–200 µg/mL), and cinnamaldehyde was an antifungal compound (41–75 µg/mL). The major components were grouped according to their chemical structure as phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, and terpinenes. The statistical analysis of the grouped data demonstrated that protozoans were more susceptible to the essential oils, followed by fungi, Gram-positive bacteria, and Gram-negative bacteria. The analysis for the major components showed that the most resistant microbial group was fungi, which was followed by bacteria, and protozoans were also more susceptible. Principal Component Analysis for the essential oils demonstrated the relationship between the biological activity and the microbial group tested, with the first three components explaining 94.3% of the data variability. The chemical structure of the major components was also related to the biological activity presented against the microbial groups tested, where the three first principal components accounted for 91.9% of the variability. The external structures and the characteristics of the cell membranes in the different microbial groups are determinant for their susceptibility to essential oils and their major components
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Andrade-Ochoa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, 31125 Chihuahua, Mexico; (S.A.-O.); (K.F.C.-V.); (B.E.R.-C.)
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomas, 11340 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico; (L.E.S.-T.); (B.N.-T.)
| | - Karla Fabiola Chacón-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, 31125 Chihuahua, Mexico; (S.A.-O.); (K.F.C.-V.); (B.E.R.-C.)
| | - Luvia Enid Sánchez-Torres
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomas, 11340 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico; (L.E.S.-T.); (B.N.-T.)
| | - Blanca Estela Rivera-Chavira
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, 31125 Chihuahua, Mexico; (S.A.-O.); (K.F.C.-V.); (B.E.R.-C.)
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomas, 11340 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico; (L.E.S.-T.); (B.N.-T.)
| | - Guadalupe Virginia Nevárez-Moorillón
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, 31125 Chihuahua, Mexico; (S.A.-O.); (K.F.C.-V.); (B.E.R.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-614-236-6000 (ext. 4248)
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Improved adulticidal activity against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) from synergy between Cinnamomum spp. essential oils. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4685. [PMID: 33633308 PMCID: PMC7907141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved natural adulticidal agents against mosquito vectors are in urgent need, and essential oils from Cinnamomum plants can assume this role quite readily. Cinnamomum verum, C. cassia, and C. loureiroi essential oils (EOs) were extracted from the barks and evaluated for their chemical composition by GC–MS. The major constituent of the three EOs was cinnamaldehyde. WHO susceptibility tests on individual and combined EOs as well as cinnamaldehyde were conducted against female adults of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. All EO combinations exhibited a synergistic effect, manifesting a higher toxicity, with a synergistic value ranging from 2.9 to 6.7. Their increasing mortality value was improved between 16.0 to 41.7%. The highest synergistic effect was achieved by an EO combination of 0.5% C. cassia + 0.5% C. loureiroi, while the highest insecticidal activity was achieved by 2.5% C. verum + 2.5% C. cassia and 1% cinnamaldehyde, with a knockdown and mortality rate of 100% and a KT50 between 0.7 and 2.1 min. This combination was more toxic to both mosquito species than 1% w/v cypermethrin. These findings demonstrate that cinnamaldehyde and synergistic combinations of C. verum + C. cassia EOs and C. cassia + C. loureiroi EOs have a high insecticidal efficacy against Aedes populations.
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Maia DS, Lopes CF, Saldanha AA, Silva NL, Sartori ÂLB, Carollo CA, Sobral MG, Alves SN, Silva DB, de Siqueira JM. Larvicidal effect from different Annonaceae species on Culex quinquefasciatus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:36983-36993. [PMID: 32577964 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases highlighted the pivotal importance of mosquito vector control in tropical areas worldwide. Several strategies have been developed to control vector populations and disease transmission in endemic areas. The steps to obtain natural active compounds involve the pre-selection in a biological model and subsequently evaluation on specific models. The present study reports the evaluation of 35 extracts, fractions, and essential oils obtained from five species from the Annonaceae family on Artemia salina and Culex quinquefasciatus. The A. salina results were used as a pre-screening for larvicidal test about mosquitoes. A correlation of biological activity in both bioassays was observed for the hydroethanolic extracts and their respective hexane and chloroform fractions of the leaves of Annona species, except A. nutans. The same correlation was also observed for all tested essential oils and petroleum ether extracts from Duguetia species. It was possible to limit an interval of lethality about A. salina, which has a corresponding range to the larvicidal test against the mosquito. The main components present in D. lanceolata essential oil or enriched fraction were α-selinene, aristolochene, (E)-caryophyllene, and (E)-calamenene. For D. furfuracea, the main components present of the underground parts were (E)-asarone, 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene, spathulenol, and bicyclogermacrene for aerial parts. The A. salina test could be used as a model for the pre-screening of larvicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Soares Maia
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil.
| | - Camila Ferreira Lopes
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Saldanha
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Nathália Lucca Silva
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Ângela Lúcia Bagnatori Sartori
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentação e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentação e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Guerra Sobral
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal São João Del Rei, São João Del Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Stênio Nunes Alves
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentação e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - João Máximo de Siqueira
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
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Essential Oils of Zingiber Species from Vietnam: Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101269. [PMID: 32993137 PMCID: PMC7601767 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are a large problem in Vietnam as elsewhere. Due to environmental concerns regarding the use of synthetic insecticides as well as developing insecticidal resistance, there is a need for environmentally-benign alternative mosquito control agents. In addition, resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics is an increasing problem. As part of a program to identify essential oils as alternative larvicidal and antimicrobial agents, the leaf, stem, and rhizome essential oils of several Zingiber species, obtained from wild-growing specimens in northern Vietnam, were acquired by hydrodistillation and investigated using gas chromatography. The mosquito larvicidal activities of the essential oils were assessed against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus, and Ae. aegypti, and for antibacterial activity against a selection of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and for activity against Candida albicans. Zingiber essential oils rich in α-pinene and β-pinene showed the best larvicidal activity. Zingiber nudicarpum rhizome essential oil showed excellent antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 2, 8, and 1 μg/mL, respectively. However, the major components, α-pinene and β-pinene, cannot explain the antibacterial activities obtained.
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Shukla G, Gaurav SS, Singh A. Synthesis of mycogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles and preliminary determination of its efficacy as a larvicide against white grubs (Holotrichia sp.). INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-020-00302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shoukat RF, Shakeel M, Rizvi SAH, Zafar J, Zhang Y, Freed S, Xu X, Jin F. Larvicidal, Ovicidal, Synergistic, and Repellent Activities of Sophora alopecuroides and Its Dominant Constituents Against Aedes albopictus. INSECTS 2020; 11:E246. [PMID: 32326460 PMCID: PMC7240748 DOI: 10.3390/insects11040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, to combat insecticide resistance, we explored larvicidal, ovicidal, synergistic, and repellent activities of Sophora alopecuroides extract and its dominant constituents against Aedes albopictus. The results of the toxicity bioassays demonstrated that the extract of S. alopecuroides exerted significant larvicidal activity (16.66-86.66%) against the third-instar larvae of Ae. albopictus at different concentrations (5-50 ug/mL) and low hatchability of eggs (2.32-75%) at 5-50 ug/mL. The constituents of S. alopecuroides showed a synergistic effect when applied as a mixture (LC30 + LC30) against larvae, while no synergistic effect was observed against the eggs of Ae. albopictus. S. alopecuroides extract provided 93.11% repellency in the first 90 min and gradually decreased to 53.14% after 240 min, while the positive control DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) showed 94.18% in the first 90 min and 55.33% after 240 min. All of the results exhibited a concentration-dependent effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a study has identified a highly effective extract of S. alopecuroides, which could be used as an alternative agent to control larvae and eggs and to repel adults of Ae. albopictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Fartab Shoukat
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Junaid Zafar
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Shoaib Freed
- Laboratory of Insect Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan;
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Fengliang Jin
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
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32
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Dias ML, Auad AM, Magno MC, Resende TT, Fonseca MG, Silva SEB. Insecticidal Activity of Compounds of Plant Origin on Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10100360. [PMID: 31635077 PMCID: PMC6836249 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The damage caused by spittlebugs varies according to the species of grass, and the losses can reach alarming levels. Measures for population control are currently restricted to the use of resistant grasses and the diversification of pastures. Therefore, alternative control measures are necessary, such as the use of botanical insecticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activities of thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, and trans-anethole on Mahanarva spectabilis eggs, nymphs, and adults under laboratory conditions. In the egg tests, treatments with eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol showed the highest mortalities, presenting efficiencies higher than 85% after 48 h of application. In the nymph tests, the treatments with thymol and carvacrol at 2.5% and eugenol at 2.0% and 2.5% showed intermediate efficiencies, with values above 61%. The highest mortality was observed in the treatment with trans-anethole at 2.5%, with an efficiency of 95%. In the tests with adults, only treatment with trans-anethole at 2.5% obtained an efficiency reaching 90%; in the other treatments, the efficiency did not exceed 51%. These results showed that, at these concentrations, trans-anethole presents a high rate of insecticidal activity on M. spectabilis nymphs and adults and, therefore, is recommended as a potential natural insecticide for the control of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle L Dias
- Department of Behavior and Animal Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Alexander M Auad
- Laboratory of Entomology, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora 36038330, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Milena C Magno
- Laboratory of Entomology, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora 36038330, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Tiago T Resende
- Laboratory of Entomology, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora 36038330, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marcy G Fonseca
- Laboratory of Entomology, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora 36038330, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Sandra E B Silva
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Youssefi MR, Tabari MA, Esfandiari A, Kazemi S, Moghadamnia AA, Sut S, Dall'Acqua S, Benelli G, Maggi F. Efficacy of Two Monoterpenoids, Carvacrol and Thymol, and Their Combinations against Eggs and Larvae of the West Nile Vector Culex pipiens. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101867. [PMID: 31096594 PMCID: PMC6572342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insect vector control is facing the challenges of resistance development and environmental hazards caused by synthetic pesticides. This has led to a considerable market opportunity for botanical insecticides. In this scenario, our study investigated the potential of selected bioactive monoterpenoids, carvacrol and thymol, as safe and effective tools to control the West Nile vector Culex pipiens. Furthermore, the combined effect of thymol-carvacrol mixtures and their possible interactions were assessed. Methods: For determining larvicidal and ovicidal 50% lethal concentration (LC50), each monoterpenoid was tested at different concentrations (5–500 mg/L). Then, the fixed ratio method was used for evaluating their combinational efficacy. Results: Carvacrol was more toxic against larvae of Cx. pipiens, with a LC50 value of 14 mg/L, whereas thymol exhibited a LC50 value of 49 mg/L. Comparable trends of efficacy were observed when toxicity on Cx. pipiens eggs was investigated, with LC50 values of 7 and 13 mg/L for carvacrol and thymol, respectively. In combinational toxicity assays, the mixture thymol-carvacrol at 1:4 ratio achieved a synergistic effect against larvae of Cx. pipiens, whereas an additive effect was observed on eggs. Other ratios showed antagonistic effects. Conclusions: Overall, our findings pointed out that the 1:4 ratio of thymol-carvacrol blend can enhance the insecticidal efficacy on Cx. pipiens young instars and can be considered further as active ingredient for developing botanical insecticides to be used in mosquito control operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Youssefi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Babol-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol 484, Iran.
| | | | - Aryan Esfandiari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol 484, Iran.
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran.
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35139 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Evaluation of the Anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Vietnamese Essential Oils, with Emphasis on Curcuma longa L. and Its Components. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061158. [PMID: 30909559 PMCID: PMC6471621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), known as sleeping sickness and caused by Trypanosoma brucei, is threatening low-income populations in sub-Saharan African countries with 61 million people at risk of infection. In order to discover new natural products against HAT, thirty-seven Vietnamese essential oils (EOs) were screened for their activity in vitro on Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Tbb) and cytotoxicity on mammalian cells (WI38, J774). Based on the selectivity indices (SIs), the more active and selective EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography. The anti-trypanosomal activity and cytotoxicity of some major compounds (isolated or commercial) were also determined. Our results showed for the first time the selective anti-trypanosomal effect of four EOs, extracted from three Zingiberaceae species (Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria, and Zingiber officinale) and one Lauraceae species (Litsea cubeba) with IC50 values of 3.17 ± 0.72, 2.51 ± 1.08, 3.10 ± 0.08, and 2.67 ± 1.12 nL/mL respectively and SI > 10. Identified compounds accounted for more than 85% for each of them. Among the five major components of Curcuma longa EO, curlone is the most promising anti-trypanosomal candidate with an IC50 of 1.38 ± 0.45 µg/mL and SIs of 31.7 and 18.2 compared to WI38 and J774 respectively.
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Piplani M, Bhagwat DP, Singhvi G, Sankaranarayanan M, Balana-Fouce R, Vats T, Chander S. Plant-based larvicidal agents: An overview from 2000 to 2018. Exp Parasitol 2019; 199:92-103. [PMID: 30836055 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current review aims to systematically segregate, analyze and arrange the key findings of the scientific reports published on larvicidal plants including larvicidal formulations. The investigation was carried out by analyzing the published literature in various scientific databases, subsequently, the key findings of the selective scientific reports having larvicidal potency (LC50) of extract or isolated oil<100 μg/mL were tabulated to provide the concise and crucial information. Special emphasis was given on reports in which LC50 of extract or isolated oil was reported to be < 10 μg/mL, genus or species documented in multiple independent studies, advancement in larvicidal formulations and activity of isolated phytoconstituents. Extensive analysis of published literature revealed that the larvicidal potency of herbal resources varied from sub-microgram/ml to practically insignificant. Overall, this unprecedented summarized and arranged information can be utilized for design, development and optimization of herbal based formulation having potential larvicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Piplani
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Village Kalujhanda, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Deepak P Bhagwat
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Village Kalujhanda, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rafael Balana-Fouce
- Departmento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, 24071, Spain
| | - Tarini Vats
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Village Kalujhanda, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Subhash Chander
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Village Kalujhanda, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India.
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Andrade-Ochoa S, Correa-Basurto J, Rodríguez-Valdez LM, Sánchez-Torres LE, Nogueda-Torres B, Nevárez-Moorillón GV. In vitro and in silico studies of terpenes, terpenoids and related compounds with larvicidal and pupaecidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Chem Cent J 2018; 12:53. [PMID: 29748726 PMCID: PMC5945571 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In order to develop new larvicidal agents derived from phytochemicals, the larvicidal activity of fifty molecules that are constituent of essential oils was evaluated against Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Terpenes, terpenoids and phenylpropanoids molecules were included in the in vitro evaluation, and QSAR models using genetic algorithms were built to identify molecular and structural properties of biological interest. Further, to obtain structural details on the possible mechanism of action, selected compounds were submitted to docking studies on sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) as possible target. Results Results showed high larvicidal activity of carvacrol and thymol on the third and fourth larval stage with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 5.5 and 11.1 µg/mL respectively. Myrcene and carvacrol were highly toxic for pupae, with LC50 values of 31.8 and 53.2 µg/mL. Structure–activity models showed that the structural property π-bonds is the largest contributor of larvicidal activity while ketone groups should be avoided. Similarly, property–activity models attributed to the molecular descriptor LogP the most contribution to larvicidal activity, followed by the absolute total charge (Qtot) and molar refractivity (AMR). The models were statistically significant; thus the information contributes to the design of new larvicidal agents. Docking studies show that all molecules tested have the ability to interact with the SCP-2 protein, wherein α-humulene and β-caryophyllene were the compounds with higher binding energy. Conclusions The description of the molecular properties and the structural characteristics responsible for larvicidal activity of the tested compounds were used for the development of mathematical models of structure–activity relationship. The identification of molecular and structural descriptors, as well as studies of molecular docking on the SCP-2 protein, provide insight on the mechanism of action of the active molecules, and the information can be used for the design of new structures for synthesis as potential new larvicidal agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-018-0425-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Andrade-Ochoa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Campus Universitario II., Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N. Col. Santo Tomas, 11340, México, DF, Mexico
| | - J Correa-Basurto
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340, México, DF, Mexico
| | - L M Rodríguez-Valdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Campus Universitario II., Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - L E Sánchez-Torres
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N. Col. Santo Tomas, 11340, México, DF, Mexico
| | - B Nogueda-Torres
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N. Col. Santo Tomas, 11340, México, DF, Mexico
| | - G V Nevárez-Moorillón
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Campus Universitario II., Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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