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Mechanick JI, Butsch WS, Christensen SM, Hamdy O, Li Z, Prado CM, Heymsfield SB. Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin-mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity. Obes Rev 2024:e13841. [PMID: 39295512 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The rapid and widespread clinical adoption of highly effective incretin-mimetic drugs (IMDs), particularly semaglutide and tirzepatide, for the treatment of obesity has outpaced the updating of clinical practice guidelines. Consequently, many patients may be at risk for adverse effects and uncertain long-term outcomes related to the use of these drugs. Of emerging concern is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that can accompany rapid substantial weight reduction; such losses can lead to reduced functional and metabolic health, weight cycling, compromised quality of life, and other adverse outcomes. Available evidence suggests that clinical trial participants receiving IMDs for the treatment of obesity lost 10% or more of their muscle mass during the 68- to 72-week interventions, approximately equivalent to 20 years of age-related muscle loss. The ability to maintain muscle mass during caloric restriction-induced weight reduction is influenced by two key factors: nutrition and physical exercise. Nutrition therapy should ensure adequate intake and absorption of high-quality protein and micronutrients, which may require the use of oral nutritional supplements. Additionally, concurrent physical activity, especially resistance training, has been shown to effectively minimize loss of muscle mass and function during weight reduction therapy. All patients receiving IMDs for obesity should participate in comprehensive treatment programs emphasizing adequate protein and micronutrient intakes, as well as resistance training, to preserve muscle mass and function, maximize the benefit of IMD therapy, and minimize potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Mechanick
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Clinical Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - W Scott Butsch
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Osama Hamdy
- Harvard Medical School and Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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2
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M Y, Patel MG, Makwana HH, Kalariya H. Unraveling the enigma of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in Indian adults with type 2 diabetes - a comparative cross-sectional study. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 10:22. [PMID: 38880930 PMCID: PMC11181647 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-024-00179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are growing concerns associated with increasing diabetes incidence, but data from Indian diabetic cohorts are limited. This study examined the prevalence and clinical factors associated with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 750 participants aged 35-70 years were recruited by systematic stratification and a fixed quota sampling technique from medical camps and categorized into diabetic (n = 250), nondiabetic (n = 250), and obese nondiabetic (n = 250) groups. The assessments included questionnaires, muscle mass estimation by bioimpedance analysis, and blood tests. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group consensus, and sarcopenic obesity was defined as sarcopenia with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors. RESULTS Sarcopenia affected 60% of diabetic patients, 28% of nondiabetic patients, and 38% of nonobese nondiabetic patients (p < 0.001). The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 40%, 11%, and 30%, respectively (p < 0.001). Diabetes was associated with 2.3-fold greater odds (95% CI 1.1-4.7) of sarcopenia and 2.4-fold greater odds (1.1-5.0) of sarcopenic obesity after adjustment. A duration greater than 10 years, uncontrolled diabetes, age greater than 65 years, low physical activity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia also independently increased the odds. CONCLUSION Indian adults with type 2 diabetes have a high burden of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Early optimization of diabetes care and lifestyle changes are vital for preserving muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M
- Department of Community Medicine, M P Shah Government Medical College, New PG Hostel, Shri MP Shah Medical College campus, GG Hospital, Patel Colony Post, Jamnagar, Gujarat, 361008, India.
| | - Monika G Patel
- Department of Community Medicine, M P Shah Government Medical College, New PG Hostel, Shri MP Shah Medical College campus, GG Hospital, Patel Colony Post, Jamnagar, Gujarat, 361008, India
| | | | - Hardikkumar Kalariya
- Department of Community Medicine, M P Shah Government Medical College, New PG Hostel, Shri MP Shah Medical College campus, GG Hospital, Patel Colony Post, Jamnagar, Gujarat, 361008, India
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3
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De Lorenzo A, Itani L, El Ghoch M, Frank G, De Santis GL, Gualtieri P, Di Renzo L. The Association between Sarcopenic Obesity and DXA-Derived Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) in Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1645. [PMID: 38892578 PMCID: PMC11174391 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Many people with overweight and obesity are affected by sarcopenia, which is represented by a phenotype known as sarcopenic obesity (SO), characterized by excessive body fat (BF), combined with reduced muscle mass and strength. In this population, it is vital to identify the factors associated with SO. With this aim in mind, we investigated the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and SO in patients with overweight or obesity in a nutritional setting. A total of 256 participants (23.8% female) with overweight or obesity were involved and completed a body composition assessment, including VAT mass, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The sample was initially categorized according to whether the individual had the SO phenotype; they were then classified according to their VAT mass into three tertiles (lowest, medium, and highest). Among the 256 participants, who had a median body mass index (BMI) of 29.3 (interquartile range (IQR): 27.0-32.4) kg/m2 and a median age of 51.0 (IQR: 47.0-54.0) years, 32.4% were identified as having SO, and they displayed a higher median VAT mass (517.0 (IQR: 384.5-677.0) vs. 790.0 (IQR: 654.0-1007.0) g; p < 0.05). The logistic regression model that accounted for age, sex and BMI revealed that a higher VAT mass increases the risk of SO (odds ratio (OR) = 1.003; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001-1.004; p < 0.05). In conclusion, VAT mass appears to be an independent factor associated with SO in people with overweight or obesity. However, due to the cross-sectional design, no information regarding any causality between higher VAT mass and SO can be provided. Additional longitudinal research in this direction should therefore be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.L.D.S.); (P.G.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon;
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Center for the Study of Metabolism, Body Composition and Lifestyle, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Frank
- PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gemma Lou De Santis
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.L.D.S.); (P.G.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.L.D.S.); (P.G.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.L.D.S.); (P.G.); (L.D.R.)
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De Lorenzo A, Itani L, Gualtieri P, Pellegrini M, El Ghoch M, Di Renzo L. Association between Sarcopenia and Reduced Bone Mass: Is Osteosarcopenic Obesity a New Phenotype to Consider in Weight Management Settings? Life (Basel) 2023; 14:21. [PMID: 38276270 PMCID: PMC10817427 DOI: 10.3390/life14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a frequent phenotype in people with obesity; however, it is unclear whether this links with an impaired bone status. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between SO and low bone mass, and to assess the prevalence of a new entity that combines excessive fat deposition, reduced muscle mass and strength, and low bone mass defined as osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO). Body composition was completed by a DXA scan in 2604 participants with obesity that were categorized as with or without SO, and with low or normal bone mineral content (BMC). Participants with both SO and low BMC were defined as OSO. Among the entire sample, 901 (34.6%) participants met the criteria for SO. This group showed a reduced mean BMC (2.56 ± 0.46 vs. 2.85 ± 0.57, p < 0.01) and displayed a higher prevalence of individuals with low BMC with respect to those without SO (47.3% vs. 25.9%, p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of SO increases the odds of having low BMC by 92% [OR = 1.92; 95% CI: (1.60-2.31), p < 0.05] after adjusting for age, body weight, and body fat percentage. Finally, 426 (16.4%) out of the total sample were affected by OSO. Our findings revealed a strong association between SO and reduced bone mass in adults with obesity, and this introduces a new phenotype that combines body fat, muscle, and bone (i.e., OSO) and appears to affect 16% of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (P.G.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon;
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (P.G.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Massimo Pellegrini
- Center for the Study of Metabolism, Body Composition and Lifestyle, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 278, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Center for the Study of Metabolism, Body Composition and Lifestyle, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 278, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (P.G.); (L.D.R.)
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De Lorenzo A, Pellegrini M, Gualtieri P, Itani L, El Ghoch M, Di Renzo L. The Risk of Sarcopenia among Adults with Normal-Weight Obesity in a Nutritional Management Setting. Nutrients 2022; 14:5295. [PMID: 36558454 PMCID: PMC9786616 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal-weight obesity (NWO) is a phenotype characterized by excessive body fat (BF) despite normal body weight. We aimed to assess the association between NWO and the risk of sarcopenia. Two groups of patients with a normal body mass index [BMI (20-24.9 kg/m2)] were selected from a large cohort of participants. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and 748 participants were categorized as NWO or normal-weight without obesity (NWNO) and were classed according to whether or not they were at risk of sarcopenia. The "NWO group" included 374 participants (cases), compared to 374 participants (controls) in the "NWNO group", all of a similar BMI, age and gender. The participants in the "NWO group" displayed a higher prevalence of the risk of sarcopenia than the control group across both genders (0.6% vs. 14.1% in males; 1.4% vs. 36.5% in females). Regression analysis showed that being in the NWO category increased the risk of sarcopenia 22-fold in males (RR = 22.27; 95%CI: 3.35-147.98) and 25-fold in females (RR = 25.22; 95%CI: 8.12-78.36), compared to those in the NWNO category. In a "real-world" nutritional setting, the assessment of body composition to identify NWO syndrome is vital since it is also associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Kumari M, Khanna A. Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity in Various Comorbidities, Diagnostic Markers, and Therapeutic Approaches: A Review. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2022; 26:296-308. [PMID: 36397294 PMCID: PMC9830070 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.22.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity characterizes sarcopenic obesity. In this condition, there is an imbalance between lean and fat mass amounts. It is a prevalent issue that is gaining prevalence among the elderly population. To evaluate the condition, allied health professionals may employ non-invasive diagnostic techniques, such as gait speed, skeletal muscle mass, and muscle strength. Nevertheless, early diagnosis and treatment of pathology are essential for preventing debilitating effects and providing the highest quality of care. This article reviews the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in numerous medical conditions, such as cancer, arthritis, postoperative cases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. In addition, this paper aims to examine the available evidence regarding the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in other conditions along with their diagnostic markers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangalam Kumari
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Archana Khanna
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India,Corresponding Author: Archana Khanna, PhD Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India E-mail:
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7
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El Ghoch M, Rossi AP, Verde L, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Savastano S, Colao A. Understanding sarcopenic obesity in young adults in clinical practice: a review of three unsolved questions. Panminerva Med 2022; 64:537-547. [PMID: 36533664 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.22.04784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to summarize the available literature on three yet unsolved questions, namely: 1) the dilemma surrounding definition of sarcopenic obesity (SO), especially in young adults; 2) the potential impact of this phenotype on weight-loss programme outcomes; and 3) the strategies for optimum management (prevention/treatment) of SO in clinical practice. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature review using the PubMed/Medline database was conducted, and data were summarized based on a narrative approach. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Firstly, SO can be screened by the 30-sec sit-to-stand test; ≤25 and ≤21; and confirmed by the ratio of (appendicular lean mass/Body Mass Index) ≤0.789 and 0.512 in males and females, respectively. Secondly, SO is associated with impaired physical fitness, reduced resting energy expenditure and an inactive lifestyle, that seems to negatively impact on weight-management outcomes, namely increasing early dropout and difficulty in maintaining weight loss in the long term. Finally, prevention/treatment of SO in young adults must be realized through tailored lifestyle intervention (diet+exercise) to preserve and improve strength and muscle mass, even where weight loss is necessary. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have clinical implications since they may help in screening, managing and improving the weight-loss outcomes of patients with SO in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Arab University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Ospedale Ca' Foncello ULSS2 Treviso, Treviso, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy -
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Pellegrini M, Itani L, Rossi AP, Kreidieh D, El Masri D, Tannir H, El Ghoch M. Approaching Sarcopenic Obesity in Young and Middle-Aged Female Adults in Weight Management Settings: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102042. [PMID: 36292489 PMCID: PMC9601683 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the available literature on sarcopenic obesity (SO) in young and middle-aged female adults with obesity in weight management settings. A literature review using the PubMed/Medline and Science Direct databases was conducted, and the data were summarized through a narrative approach. Firstly, some physical performance tests and questionnaires are available for screening young and middle-aged female adults with a high risk of SO. Secondly, these patients can undergo instrumental measurements such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to confirm or reject a diagnosis of SO, applying definitions that account for body mass. Thirdly, SO is a prevalent phenotype in females seeking weight management treatment, as well as being strongly associated (vs. non-SO) with obesity-related comorbidities that need to be promptly managed, initially with nutritional programs or/and in combination with medications. Finally, patients with SO have a reduced baseline resting energy expenditure and more sedentary behaviors, which seem to account for the relationship between SO and poorer weight management outcomes, such as a higher early dropout rate and major later difficulties in weight loss maintenance. Therefore, specific strategies for personalized weight management programs for patients with SO should be incorporated to determine a successful management of this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - Andrea P. Rossi
- Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Ospedale Cà Foncello ULSS2 Treviso, Piazzale Ospedale 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Healthy Aging Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - Dana El Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
- Correspondence: or
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Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Matias-Cervantes CA, Pérez-Campos E, Romero Díaz C, Laguna Barrios LÁ, Pina Canseco MDS, Martínez Cruz M, Pérez-Campos Mayoral E, Solórzano Mata CJ, Rodal Canales FJ, Martínez Ruíz H, Hernández-Huerta MT. Associations of Dynapenic Obesity and Sarcopenic Obesity with the Risk of Complications in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8277. [PMID: 35955411 PMCID: PMC9368708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with changes in body composition, such as low muscle mass (sarcopenia), decreased grip strength or physical function (dynapenia), and accumulation of fat mass. When the accumulation of fat mass synergistically accompanies low muscle mass or reduced grip strength, it results in sarcopenic obesity and dynapenic obesity, respectively. These types of obesity contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the elderly, which could increase the damage caused by COVID-19. In this review, we associated factors that could generate a higher risk of COVID-19 complications in dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity. For example, skeletal muscle regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and supports metabolic stress in pulmonary disease; hence, the presence of dynapenic obesity or sarcopenic obesity could be related to a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Matias-Cervantes
- CONACyT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (C.A.M.-C.); (C.R.D.)
| | | | - Carlos Romero Díaz
- CONACyT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (C.A.M.-C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Luis Ángel Laguna Barrios
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - María del Socorro Pina Canseco
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | | | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - Carlos Josué Solórzano Mata
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68120, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Rodal Canales
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - Héctor Martínez Ruíz
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - María Teresa Hernández-Huerta
- CONACyT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (C.A.M.-C.); (C.R.D.)
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10
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Yoo TK, Rhim HC, Lee YT, Yoon KJ, Park CH. Relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and coexisting obesity with low skeletal muscle mass in asymptomatic adult population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12439. [PMID: 35858996 PMCID: PMC9300668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and obesity with low skeletal muscle mass (LMM) has not been established. We aim to assess the association between HHcy and the coexistence of obesity and LMM in asymptomatic adult population. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study among asymptomatic individuals who underwent measurements of plasma homocysteine and body composition analysis. HHcy was defined as > 15 umol/L, obesity as body mass index ≥ 25 (kg/m2), and LMM as skeletal muscle index less than 2 SD below the sex-specific mean of young adults. The participants were classified into ‘control’, ‘obesity alone’, ‘LMM alone’, and ‘obesity with LMM’. Among 113,805 participants, the prevalence of HHcy was 8.3% in control, 8.7% in obesity alone, 10.0% in LMM alone, and 13.0% in obesity with LMM (p for trend < 0.001). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, the associations showed a positive trend for HHcy along the groups from obesity alone, to LMM alone, and to obesity with LMM. HHcy was independently associated with the presence of LMM alone (adjusted odds ratio 1.186 [95% confidence interval 1.117–1.259]) and obesity with LMM (1.424 [1.134–1.788]), respectively. This study demonstrated that HHcys was more strongly associated with coexistence of obesity and LMM than either condition alone in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Yoo
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Hye Chang Rhim
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Yong-Taek Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunanro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jae Yoon
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunanro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunanro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea. .,Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Li CW, Yu K, Shyh-Chang N, Jiang Z, Liu T, Ma S, Luo L, Guang L, Liang K, Ma W, Miao H, Cao W, Liu R, Jiang LJ, Yu SL, Li C, Liu HJ, Xu LY, Liu RJ, Zhang XY, Liu GS. Pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the relationship with fat mass: descriptive review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:781-794. [PMID: 35106971 PMCID: PMC8977978 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated obesity and muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) are intimately connected and are reciprocally regulated by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle dysfunction. During ageing, adipose inflammation leads to the redistribution of fat to the intra-abdominal area (visceral fat) and fatty infiltrations in skeletal muscles, resulting in decreased overall strength and functionality. Lipids and their derivatives accumulate both within and between muscle cells, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbing β-oxidation of fatty acids, and enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to lipotoxicity and insulin resistance, as well as enhanced secretion of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. In turn, these muscle-secreted cytokines may exacerbate adipose tissue atrophy, support chronic low-grade inflammation, and establish a vicious cycle of local hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation that spreads systemically, thus promoting the development of sarcopenic obesity (SO). We call this the metabaging cycle. Patients with SO show an increased risk of systemic insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, associated chronic diseases, and the subsequent progression to full-blown sarcopenia and even cachexia. Meanwhile in many cardiometabolic diseases, the ostensibly protective effect of obesity in extremely elderly subjects, also known as the 'obesity paradox', could possibly be explained by our theory that many elderly subjects with normal body mass index might actually harbour SO to various degrees, before it progresses to full-blown severe sarcopenia. Our review outlines current knowledge concerning the possible chain of causation between sarcopenia and obesity, proposes a solution to the obesity paradox, and the role of fat mass in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongmin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hefan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Juan Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Song-Lin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, China (Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-Jun Liu
- Department of nursing & Clinical Nutrition, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Yu Xu
- Department of Sport Physiatry, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Ji Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- Department of stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gao-Shan Liu
- Department of Health Education, Shijingshan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
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12
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El Ghoch M, Pellegrini M. Why should sarcopenic obesity be included in a routine assessment during weight-management programmes? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:962895. [PMID: 35937807 PMCID: PMC9354711 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.962895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marwan El Ghoch, ;
| | - Massimo Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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13
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da Cunha de Sá-Caputo D, Sonza A, Coelho-Oliveira AC, Pessanha-Freitas J, Reis AS, Francisca-Santos A, dos Anjos EM, Paineiras-Domingos LL, de Rezende Bessa Guerra T, da Silva Franco A, Xavier VL, Barbosa e Silva CJ, Moura-Fernandes MC, Mendonça VA, Rodrigues Lacerda AC, da Rocha Pinheiro Mulder A, Seixas A, Sartorio A, Taiar R, Bernardo-Filho M. Evaluation of the Relationships between Simple Anthropometric Measures and Bioelectrical Impedance Assessment Variables with Multivariate Linear Regression Models to Estimate Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Adults: Preliminary Results. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1209. [PMID: 34827202 PMCID: PMC8614749 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are conditions associated with sedentary lifestyle and accumulation of abdominal fat, determining increased mortality, favoring chronic diseases, and increasing cardiovascular risk. Although the evaluation of body composition and fat distribution are highly relevant, the high cost of the gold standard techniques limits their wide utilization. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore the relationships between simple anthropometric measures and BIA variables using multivariate linear regression models to estimate body composition and fat distribution in adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, sixty-eight adult individuals (20 males and 48 females) were subjected to bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), anthropometric measurements (waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), mid-arm circumference (MAC)), allowing the calculation of conicity index (C-index), fat mass/fat-free mass (FM/FFM) ratios, body mass index (BMI) and body shape index (ABSI). Statistical analyzes were performed with the R program. Nonparametric Statistical tests were applied to compare the characteristics of participants of the groups (normal weight, overweight and obese). For qualitative variables, the Fisher's exact test was applied, and for quantitative variables, the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. To evaluate the linear association between each pair of variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated, and Multivariate linear regression models were adjusted using the stepwise variable selection method, with Akaike Information Criterion (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS BIA variables with the highest correlations with anthropometric measures were total body water (TBW), body fat percentage (BFP), FM, FFM and FM/FFM. The multiple linear regression analysis showed, in general, that the same variables can be estimated through simple anthropometric measures. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of fat distribution in the body is desirable for the diagnosis and definition of obesity severity. However, the high cost of the instruments (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, hydrostatic weighing, air displacement plethysmography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance) to assess it, favors the use of BMI in the clinical practice. Nevertheless, BMI does not represent a real fat distribution and body fat percentage. This highlights the relevance of the findings of the current study, since simple anthropometric variables can be used to estimate important BIA variables that are related to fat distribution and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danúbia da Cunha de Sá-Caputo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil; (D.d.C.d.S.-C.); (A.S.R.); (L.L.P.-D.); (M.C.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes and Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil; (J.P.-F.); (E.M.d.A.); (M.B.-F.)
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro 23052-180, Brazil;
- Mestrado Profissional em Saúde, Medicina Laboratorial e Tecnologia Forense, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil
| | - Anelise Sonza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina—UDESC, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil;
| | - Ana Carolina Coelho-Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes and Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil; (J.P.-F.); (E.M.d.A.); (M.B.-F.)
| | - Juliana Pessanha-Freitas
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes and Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil; (J.P.-F.); (E.M.d.A.); (M.B.-F.)
- Mestrado Profissional em Saúde, Medicina Laboratorial e Tecnologia Forense, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil; (D.d.C.d.S.-C.); (A.S.R.); (L.L.P.-D.); (M.C.M.-F.)
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes and Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil; (J.P.-F.); (E.M.d.A.); (M.B.-F.)
| | - Arlete Francisca-Santos
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro 23052-180, Brazil;
| | - Elzi Martins dos Anjos
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes and Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil; (J.P.-F.); (E.M.d.A.); (M.B.-F.)
- Mestrado Profissional em Saúde, Medicina Laboratorial e Tecnologia Forense, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil
| | - Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil; (D.d.C.d.S.-C.); (A.S.R.); (L.L.P.-D.); (M.C.M.-F.)
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes and Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil; (J.P.-F.); (E.M.d.A.); (M.B.-F.)
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda da Silva Franco
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro 23052-180, Brazil;
- Coordenação de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis 25964-000, Brazil
- Secretaria de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25070-005, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Layter Xavier
- Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Computacionais, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil;
| | - Claudia Jakelline Barbosa e Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Computacionais, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil;
| | - Marcia Cristina Moura-Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil; (D.d.C.d.S.-C.); (A.S.R.); (L.L.P.-D.); (M.C.M.-F.)
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes and Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil; (J.P.-F.); (E.M.d.A.); (M.B.-F.)
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, Brazil; (V.A.M.); (A.C.R.L.)
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, Brazil; (V.A.M.); (A.C.R.L.)
| | | | - Aderito Seixas
- Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa, Fundação Fernando Pessoa, 4200-253 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20145 Milan & Division of Metabolic Diseases & Auxology, 28824 Verbania, Italy;
| | - Redha Taiar
- MATIM, Moulin de la Housse, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CEDEX 02, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Mario Bernardo-Filho
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes and Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, Brazil; (J.P.-F.); (E.M.d.A.); (M.B.-F.)
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The Relationship between Sarcopenic Obesity, Weight-Loss and Maintenance Outcomes during Obesity Management: Are Additional Strategies Required? Clin Pract 2021; 11:525-531. [PMID: 34449572 PMCID: PMC8395568 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract11030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of long-term maintenance of the weight loss achieved during weight-management programs is the major cause of failure in obesity treatments. The identification of factors related to this outcome has clinical implications. Therefore, we aimed to assess the relationship between sarcopenic obesity (SO) and the weight-loss percentage (WL%). The WL% was measured at the six-month follow-up and after more than 12 months, in 46 adult participants with obesity, during an individualized weight-management program where participants were categorized as having or not having SO at the baseline. At the six-month follow-up, participants with SO did not display a significant difference in terms of WL%, when compared to those without SO (-10.49 ± 5.75% vs. -12.73 ± 4.30%; p = 0.148). However, after a longer term (i.e., >12 months), the WL% appeared to be significantly lower in the former (SO vs. non-SO) (-7.34 ± 6.29% vs. -11.43 ± 4.31%; p = 0.024). In fact, partial correlation analysis revealed a relationship between SO at the baseline and a lower WL% after more than 12 months (ρ = -0.425, p = 0.009), after controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Participants with SO appeared to face more difficulties in maintaining the achieved WL over a longer term (>12 months follow-up) by comparison with their counterparts (i.e., non-SO). Should this finding be replicated in larger-sample studies, new strategies should be adopted for these patients in order to improve this clinical outcome, especially during the weight-maintenance phase.
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15
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Lee JK, Park YS, Kim K, Oh TJ, Chang W. Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Computed Tomography on Body Composition Changes Including Visceral Fat After Bariatric Surgery in Asian Patients with Obesity. Obes Surg 2021; 31:4243-4250. [PMID: 34283378 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in patients with obesity has been controversial. This study aimed to validate the use of BIA in detecting body composition changes, especially for visceral fat, before and after bariatric surgery using computed tomography (CT) as a reference method. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included Korean patients with a BMI of ≥ 35, or ≥ 30 with metabolic comorbidities. All patients underwent bariatric surgery, and underwent BIA and CT evaluation before and 6 months after the operation. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and visceral fat index (VFI), variables corrected for height, were compared between BIA and CT. RESULTS Forty-eight patients (18 men, 30 women) demonstrated a mean weight loss of 27.5 kg. Significant decreases in both VFI and SMI were observed in both BIA and CT (all p<0.001), with greater VFI change compared to SMI (48.2% vs. 10.4% in CT, respectively). Both pre- and post-operative measurements of VFI and SMI were significantly correlated between BIA and CT (all p<0.05). However, the percent decrease was significantly correlated only with VFI (ρ=0.71, p<0.001). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that BIA underestimated VFI, with a greater degree of underestimation in subjects with higher VFI. CONCLUSION Despite the underestimation of BIA in measuring visceral fat, BIA VFI was associated with CT VFI. The SMI values showed significant correlations before and after surgery, but not with the percent decrease. Our results suggest that BIA can be a reliable tool for measuring body composition, especially for visceral fat, after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Kyung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Kyuho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Chang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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16
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Sizoo D, de Heide LJM, Emous M, van Zutphen T, Navis G, van Beek AP. Measuring Muscle Mass and Strength in Obesity: a Review of Various Methods. Obes Surg 2021; 31:384-393. [PMID: 33159294 PMCID: PMC7808984 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lower muscle mass in populations with obesity is associated obesity-related diseases like hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bariatric surgery leads to sustained weight loss. During the weight reduction, loss of muscle should be minimized. Thus reliable quantification of muscle mass is much needed and therefore the also the need for validated methods. Imaging methods, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan, have been the gold standard for many years. However, these methods are costly and have limitations such as the maximum weight. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is currently the most used alternative. Other, less expensive methods are very limited in their validation in populations with morbid obesity. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge regarding measuring muscle mass and strength in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionne Sizoo
- Department of Health and Food, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
- Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - Loek J M de Heide
- Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Emous
- Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Tim van Zutphen
- Department of Health and Food, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrolog, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - André P van Beek
- Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Barrett M, McClure R, Villani A. Adiposity is inversely associated with strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Geriatr Med 2020; 11:451-458. [DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kreidieh D, Itani L, Tannir H, El Masri D, El Ghoch M. Sarcopenic Obesity Predicts Early Attrition in Treatment-Seeking Patients with Obesity: A Longitudinal Pilot Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7010005. [PMID: 32012690 PMCID: PMC7151049 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Attrition is a major cause of failure in obesity treatment, which is still not fully understood. The identification of factors related to this outcome is of clinical relevance. We aimed to assess the relationship between sarcopenic obesity (SO) and early attrition. Early attrition was assessed at six months, and two groups of patients were selected from a large cohort of participants with overweight or obesity enrolled at the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (Lebanon). Body composition was measured using a bioimpedance analyser (Tanita BC-418) and participants at baseline were categorized as having or not having SO. The “dropout group” included 72 participants (cases) compared to 31 participants (controls) in the “completer group”, with the former displaying a higher prevalence of SO than the latter (51.0% vs. 25.8%; p = 0.016). In the same direction, Poisson regression analysis showed that SO increased the relative risk of dropout by nearly 150% (RR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.10–1.89; p = 0.007) after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), age at first dieting, sedentary habits and weight-loss expectation. In conclusion, in a “real-world” outpatient clinical setting, the presence of SO at baseline increases the risk of dropout at six months. New directions of future research should be focused on identifying new strategies to reduce the attrition rate in this population.
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Validation of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure in treatment-seeking adults with overweight and obesity: Measured versus estimated. JOURNAL OF POPULATION THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 27:e32-e47. [PMID: 31971355 DOI: 10.15586/jptcp.v27i1.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with obesity is an important measure. We aimed to evaluate the validity of predictive equations in estimating REE compared with indirect calorimetry (IC) in treatment-seeking Arab adults with overweight or obesity. Twenty-three predictive equations were compared with REE values measured by IC (Vmax Encore 229) in 89 adult participants with overweight or obesity (mean age = 40.62 ± 15.96 years and mean body mass index [BMI] = 35.02 ± 4.60 kg/m2) referred to the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics of Beirut Arab University (Lebanon). The accuracy of the predictive equations was evaluated on the basis of whether the percentage prediction was within 10% of the measured REE, and the mean difference between predicted and measured values (bias). The Bland-Altman method was used to assess the agreement between the predicted and measured values. The equations that demonstrated the closest agreement with IC were the De La Cruz equation in males (accurate predictions: 68.2%; bias: -19.52 kcal/day) and the Mifflin equation in females (accurate prediction: 61.2%; bias: -36.43 kcal/day). In conclusion, we suggest that these two equations produce the least biased estimations for REE in this population.
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Itani L, Kreidieh D, El Masri D, Tannir H, El Ghoch M. The Impact of Sarcopenic Obesity on Health-Related Quality of Life of Treatment-Seeking Patients with Obesity. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:635-640. [PMID: 32072914 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200211102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of studies on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and sarcopenic obesity (SO). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the potential association between SO and impaired HRQoL. METHODS The ORWELL 97 questionnaire was used to assess HRQoL and body composition was measured using a bioimpedance analyser (Tanita BC-418) in 130 patients with obesity, referred to the Nutritional and Weight Management outpatient clinic of Beirut Arab University in Lebanon. Participants were then categorized on the basis of the absence or presence of SO. RESULTS Sixty-four of the 130 participants met the criteria for SO (49.2%) and displayed significantly higher total ORWELL 97 scores than those in the group without SO (64.00 vs. 41.00, p=0.001), indicative of poorer HRQoL. Linear regression analysis showed that SO was associated with an increase in ORWELL 97 scores by nearly 24 units (β=24.35, 95% CI=11.45-37.26; p<0.0001). Moreover, the logistic regression analysis showed that SO increased the odds of clinically significant impairment of HRQoL (ORWELL 97 score ≥74.25) by nearly seven-fold (OR=7.37, 95% CI=1.92-28.39; p=0.004). CONCLUSION Our findings show that the presence of SO was associated with increased impairment of HRQoL that reaches clinical significance when compared to obesity only. Future studies are needed to clarify whether this may influence clinical outcomes. If this is shown to be the case, weight management programs should incorporate additional strategies to improve HRQoL in individuals with SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana El Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
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Tannir H, Kreidieh D, Itani L, El Masri D, El Ghoch M. Reduction of Resting Energy Expenditure and Sarcopenic Obesity in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Brief Report. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:376-380. [PMID: 31663844 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666191030092138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The last decade has seen the emergence of a new condition, describing the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia, termed Sarcopenic Obesity (SO). The aim of this study was to assess the potential association between SO and reduced Resting Energy Expenditure (REE). METHODS Body composition and REE were measured using a bioimpedance analyser (Tanita BC-418) and Indirect Calorimeter (Vmax Encore 229), respectively in 89 adults with overweight or obesity of both genders, referred to the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (Lebanon). Participants were then categorized on the basis of having SO or not. RESULTS Thirty-nine of the 89 participants met the criteria for SO (43.8%), and these participants displayed a significantly lower REE per unit body weight than those in the group without SO (19.02 ± 2.26 vs. 20.87 ± 2.77; p = 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that the presence of SO decreases REE by 1.557 kcal/day for each kg of body weight (β = -1.557; CI = -0.261 - (-0.503); p = 0.004), after adjusting for age and gender. CONCLUSION SO appears to be present in a high proportion of treatment-seeking adults with overweight or obesity of both genders, and it seems to be associated with a reduced REE, compared with those without SO. Future studies are needed to clarify whether this may influence clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana El Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
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Kreidieh D, Itani L, El Masri D, Tannir H, El Ghoch M. Association Between Reduced Daily Steps and Sarcopenic Obesity in Treatment-Seeking Adults With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:22. [PMID: 32082259 PMCID: PMC7003394 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Understanding the condition that describes the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia, termed sarcopenic obesity (SO), is becoming a scientific and clinical priority. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of SO in treatment-seeking adults with obesity and investigate any potential association between SO and a sedentary lifestyle, expressed in terms of daily steps. Methods: In this cross-sectional, prospective observational study, body composition and daily steps measurements were obtained using a segmental body composition analyser (Tanita BC-418) and an Omron HJ-320 pedometer, respectively, in 111 adults of both genders with obesity (body mass index; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), referred to the Outpatient Clinic in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (BAU) in Lebanon. The participants were then categorized according to the presence of absence of SO, defined as an appendicular lean mass divided by body weight (ALM/weight) × 100%) of less than 23.40 and 29.60 in females and males, respectively. Results: Fifty-five of the 111 participants with obesity, with a mean age of 39.62 ± 16.55 years and a mean BMI of 38.05 ± 5.33 kg/m2 met the criteria for SO and displayed a significantly higher prevalence of inactivity (<5,000 daily steps), i.e., nearly double (54.5% vs. 32.1%; p = 0.017) and they had a lower mean number of daily steps than those in the group without SO (5,279 ± 2,641 vs. 6,732 ± 2,989; p = 0.008). Linear regression analysis showed that SO is associated with a lower number of daily steps by 1,421 (β = -1421.4; -2508.9, -333.9; p = 0.011) after adjusting for age, gender employment and the presence of cardiometabolic disease. Conclusion: Sarcopenic obesity affects nearly 50% of treatment-seeking adults with obesity. Moreover, it seems to be associated with a lower number of daily steps and a sedentary lifestyle. Future studies are needed to clarify whether this may influence clinical outcomes. If this is shown to be the case, weight management programmes should incorporate additional physical activity strategies in this population.
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Nezameddin R, Itani L, Kreidieh D, El Masri D, Tannir H, El Ghoch M. Understanding Sarcopenic Obesity in Terms of Definition and Health Consequences: A Clinical Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:957-961. [PMID: 31916519 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200109091449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Research interests in a new phenotype termed as sarcopenic obesity (SO), which refers to a decrease in lean body mass and muscle strength associated with an increase in body fat deposition, have grown. However, neither SO definition nor its impact on health outcomes is clear. In the current paper, we aim to summarize the available literature on the dilemma surrounding the definition of SO, and the potential health consequences of this phenomenon on individuals with overweight and obesity. METHODS A literature review using the PubMed/Medline database was conducted and data were summarized by applying a narrative approach, based on clinical expertise in the interpretation of the available evidence base in the literature. RESULTS Some definitions that account for body mass (i.e., body weight, body mass index) seem to be more suitable for screening of SO and revealed as clinically useful. The association between SO and certain health outcomes has also been investigated, especially those related to obesity; however, little is known about the association of SO with psychosocial distress and health-related quality of life impairment, as well as harsh outcomes such as mortality. CONCLUSION International consensus regarding SO definition is needed, which would allow for a better understanding of its prevalence. Moreover, future investigations should be conducted in order to determine whether SO has an adverse effect (i.e., cause-effect relationship, in addition to association) on health. Once these issues are achieved, confirmed and clarified, evidenced-based protocols of treatment may become necessary to address the increase in the prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya Nezameddin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana El Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
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Kjønigsen LJ, Harneshaug M, Fløtten AM, Karterud LK, Petterson K, Skjolde G, Eggesbø HB, Weedon-Fekjær H, Henriksen HB, Lauritzen PM. Reproducibility of semiautomated body composition segmentation of abdominal computed tomography: a multiobserver study. Eur Radiol Exp 2019; 3:42. [PMID: 31664547 PMCID: PMC6820626 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-019-0122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Segmentation of computed tomography (CT) images provides quantitative data on body tissue composition, which may greatly impact the development and progression of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. We aimed to evaluate the inter- and intraobserver variation of semiautomated segmentation, to assess whether multiple observers may interchangeably perform this task. Methods Anonymised, unenhanced, single mid-abdominal CT images were acquired from 132 subjects from two previous studies. Semiautomated segmentation was performed using a proprietary software package. Abdominal muscle compartment (AMC), inter- and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were identified according to pre-established attenuation ranges. The segmentation was performed by four observers: an oncology resident with extensive training and three radiographers with a 2-week training programme. To assess interobserver variation, segmentation of each CT image was performed individually by two or more observers. To assess intraobserver variation, three of the observers did repeated segmentations of the images. The distribution of variation between subjects, observers and random noise was estimated by a mixed effects model. Inter- and intraobserver correlation was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results For all four tissue compartments, the observer variations were far lower than random noise by factors ranging from 1.6 to 3.6 and those between subjects by factors ranging from 7.3 to 186.1. All interobserver ICC was ≥ 0.938, and all intraobserver ICC was ≥ 0.996. Conclusions Body composition segmentation showed a very low level of operator dependability. Multiple observers may interchangeably perform this task with highly reproducible results. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41747-019-0122-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magnus Harneshaug
- The Centre for Old Age Psychiatry Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Monica Fløtten
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena Korsmo Karterud
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kent Petterson
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe Skjolde
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi B Eggesbø
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Weedon-Fekjær
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Berg Henriksen
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter M Lauritzen
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Veronese N, Pizzol D, Demurtas J, Soysal P, Smith L, Sieber C, Strandberg T, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Sinclair A, Petrovic M, Maggi S. Association between sarcopenia and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur Geriatr Med 2019; 10:685-696. [DOI: 10.1007/s41999-019-00216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rasaei N, Kashavarz SA, Yekaninejad MS, Mirzaei K. The association between sarcopenic obesity (SO) and major dietary patterns in overweight and obese adult women. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2519-2524. [PMID: 31405671 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM No studies have evaluated the contribution of major dietary patterns to Sarcopenic Obesity (SO) in obese and overweight people based on quintile of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat mass (FM). This study was conducted to examine the association between major dietary patterns and SO. METHOD AND MATERIAL A total of 301 overweight and obese women were included in the cross-sectional study. Body composition was measured by body composition analyzer. Resting metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry. The usual food intake was evaluated by a semi-quantitative FFQ. Serum HDL-c, LDL-c, TG, FBS, total cholesterol and hs-CRP were measured. RESULT The prevalence of sarcopenia (is referred to as two lower quintiles of SMM) and obesity (is referred to as two highest quintiles of FM) and SO was 19.6%, 20.4% and 9.9% respectively. We used the principal component analysis and three major dietary patterns were determined: the DASH, western and unhealthy dietary pattern, they covering 30.63% of total dietary pattern of our population. Participants in the in the upper category of DASH dietary pattern had lower odds of SO (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.96, P = 0.04). After adjustment for age, physical activity and total energy intake, the association between the DASH and SO, was still significantly negative (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.77, P = 0.01) and the risk of sarcopenia reduced by 80%. CONCLUSION The present evidence indicates, adherence of the DASH Diet, has a significant effect on reducing the risk of SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Kashavarz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeid Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Baalbaki R, Itani L, El Kebbi L, Dehni R, Abbas N, Farsakouri R, Awad D, Tannir H, Kreidieh D, El Masri D, El Ghoch M. Association Between Smoking Hookahs (Shishas) and Higher Risk of Obesity: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:E23. [PMID: 31208138 PMCID: PMC6617155 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Heart Association has published a scientific statement on the effect of hookah smoking on health outcomes; nevertheless, hookah smoking continues to be popular worldwide, especially among the young. Recent reports mention a potential link between hookah smoking and obesity; however, uncertainties still surround this issue. The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review to clarify whether hookah smoking is associated with a higher risk of obesity among the general population. This study was conducted in compliance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and data were collated by means of a meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis. Of the 818 articles retrieved, five large-population and low-bias studies comprising a total of 16,779 participants met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. All included studies reported that, regardless of gender, hookah smoking increases the risk of obesity among all ages and observed an association between the two after a correction for several confounders or reported a higher prevalence of obesity among hookah smokers. This was confirmed by the meta-analysis. Therefore, hookah smoking seems to be associated with a higher risk of obesity. Public health policymakers should be aware of this for the better management of obesity and weight-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Baalbaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Lara El Kebbi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Rawan Dehni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Nermine Abbas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Razan Farsakouri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Dana Awad
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Dana El Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
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Khadra D, Itani L, Tannir H, Kreidieh D, El Masri D, El Ghoch M. Association between sarcopenic obesity and higher risk of type 2 diabetes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2019; 10:311-323. [PMID: 31139318 PMCID: PMC6522758 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i5.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity is referred to as sarcopenic obesity (SO) and it has been hypothesized that the two components of SO may synergistically increase their negative effects. However, many uncertainties still surround this condition especially with regard to its potential negative effects on health outcomes.
AIM To conduct a systematic review to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among adults with overweight and obesity and to investigate whether SO was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
METHODS This study was conducted in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Literature searches, study selection, methodology development and quality appraisal were performed independently by two authors and the data were collated by means of meta-analysis and narrative synthesis.
RESULTS Of the 606 articles retrieved, 11 studies that comprised a total of 60118 adults with overweight and obesity of both genders met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing two main findings. First, the overall prevalence of sarcopenia is 43% in females and 42% in males who are with overweight and obesity. Secondly, the presence of SO increases the risk of T2D by 38% with respect to those without SO (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.27-1.50).
CONCLUSION A high prevalence of sarcopenia has been found among adults with overweight and obesity regardless of their gender and this condition seems to be associated with a higher risk of T2D. Clinician should be aware of this scenario in their clinical practice for the better management of both obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Khadra
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Dana El Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
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Tak YJ, Kim YJ, Lee JG, Yi YH, Cho YH, Kang GH, Lee SY. Effect of Oral Ingestion of Low-Molecular Collagen Peptides Derived from Skate ( Raja Kenojei) Skin on Body Fat in Overweight Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:157. [PMID: 30866485 PMCID: PMC6471368 DOI: 10.3390/md17030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent animal studies found the potential of a collagen peptide derived from skate skin to have anti-obesity effects through the suppression of fat accumulation and regulation of lipid metabolism. However, no studies have yet been performed in humans. Here, this very first human randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blinded study was designed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of skate skin collagen peptides (SCP) for the reduction of body fat in overweight adults. Ninety healthy volunteers (17 men) aged 41.2 ± 10.4 years with a mean body mass index of 25.6 ± 1.9 kg/m² were assigned to the intervention group (IG), which received 2000 mg of SCP per day or to the control group (CG) given the placebo for 12 weeks and 81 (90%) participants completed the study. Changes in body fat were evaluated using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry as a primary efficacy endpoint. After 12 weeks of the trial, the percentage of body fat and body fat mass (kg) in IG were found to be significantly better than those of subjects in CG (-1.2% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.024 and -1.2 kg vs. 0.3 kg, p = 0.025). Application of SCP was well tolerated and no notable adverse effect was reported from both groups. These results suggest the beneficial potential of SCP in the reduction of body fat in overweight adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Tak
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
| | - Yun Jin Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
| | - Jeong Gyu Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
| | - Yu-Hyun Yi
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
| | - Young Hye Cho
- Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | | | - Sang Yeoup Lee
- Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Medical Education Unit, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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Crispim Carvalho NN, Baccin Martins VJ, Modesto Filho J, Bandeira F, Fernandes Pimenta FC, de Brito Alves JL. Relationship Between Skeletal Muscle Mass Indexes and Muscular Function, Metabolic Profile and Bone Mineral Density in Women with Recommendation for Bariatric Surgery. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2645-2654. [PMID: 31849508 PMCID: PMC6913321 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s213643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We evaluated low skeletal muscle mass (LMM) in women prior to bariatric surgery (BS) through different skeletal muscle mass indexes (MMIs) regarding body fat percentage (BFP), handgrip strength (HS), six-minute walk test (6MWT), metabolic profile and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS Women (n=62) were allocated into two groups according to LMM: obesity with low muscle mass (OLMM) or obesity with normal muscle mass (ONMM). LMM was defined by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) adjusted for weight (ASM/wt × 100) and ASM adjusted for body mass index (ASM/BMI), considering the lowest quintile of the indexes studied. RESULTS OLMM was found in 30.5% by ASM/wt × 100 and 20.3% by ASM/BMI. Using the ASM/wt × 100, OLMM group had a high BFP, low HS and BMD in L1-L4, femoral neck (FN) and total femur (TF) when compared with ONMM (p < 0.05). Using ASM/BMI, OLMM group had increased BFP, reduced HS and 6MWT in comparison to ONMM (p < 0.05). Metabolic profile was similar between OLMM and ONMM groups by the two MMIs. MMIs were negatively correlated with BFP (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with HS (p < 0.05), and none of them with 6MWT (p > 0.05). ASM/wt × 100 was positively correlated with all BMD sites assessed (p < 0.05). There was positive correlation between ASM/wt × 100 and ASM/BMI. CONCLUSION OLMM identified by the ASM/wt × 100 and ASM/BMI had higher adiposity and lower HS. Using ASM/BMI, we found that OLMN had a poor physical performance, while the ASM/wt × 100 identified a lower BMD at all sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Nóbrega Crispim Carvalho
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Department of Endocrinology, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Nara Nóbrega Crispim Carvalho Department of Endocrinology, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB58051-900, BrazilTel/Fax +55 83 9 9368 0937 Email
| | | | - João Modesto Filho
- Department of Endocrinology, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bandeira
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology of Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Correspondence: José Luiz de Brito Alves Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I – Jd. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB58051-900, BrazilTel/Fax +55 81 9 9845 5485 Email
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Reduced Lean Body Mass and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Adult Males with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122754. [PMID: 30563167 PMCID: PMC6313759 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the reduction in lean body mass (LBM) and its health consequences in overweight and in obesity, especially in males. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of low LBM in treatment-seeking adult males with overweight and obesity and the association with cardiometabolic diseases, i.e., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia. A body composition assessment was conducted by a bio-impedance analyzer (InBody 170) among a total of 110 males, of whom 72 were overweight and obese and were referred to the Outpatient Clinic in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (BAU) in Lebanon, and 38 were normal-weight participants of similar ages. The participants with overweight and obesity were then categorized as being with or without low LBM. Of the sample of 72 participants, 50 (69.4%) met the criteria for reduced LBM and displayed a significantly higher prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (i.e., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia) than those with normal LBM (36.0% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.019). Logistic regression analysis showed that low LBM increases the odds of having cardiometabolic diseases by nearly 550% (odds ratio (OR) = 5.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31–26.39, p < 0.05) after adjusting for total fat and central adiposity. Treatment-seeking adult males with overweight and obesity displayed a great prevalence of reduced LBM, which seems to be strongly associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Long-Term Weight-Loss Lifestyle Modification Programme in a Patient with Severe Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Obesity: A Case Report. REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/reports1030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem worldwide, associated with serious medical and psychosocial comorbidities that increase the risk of mortality. Strong evidence confirms lifestyle modification programmes as the cornerstone of its treatment. However, the available long-term lifestyle modification programmes for weight management delivered in Arabic-speaking countries seem to be lacking in effectiveness in terms of weight-loss maintenance and do not conform to the standard for clinical significance. Factors such as methodological weaknesses in programme transcultural adaptation and the lack of expert clinical supervision before and during implementation seem to underlie this discrepancy. In this case report, we describe for the first time an Arabic-speaking patient with obesity and severe lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration, who successfully underwent weight management by means of a new, well-adapted and well-implemented personalized cognitive behavioural programme for obesity (CBT-OB). After eighteen months, the patient displayed significant weight-loss maintenance (~16% weight-loss), improvement in total and central body fat distribution, reduced pain from disc degeneration, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The CBT-OB programme may be a feasible approach to managing Arab patients with obesity, producing long-lasting weight-loss maintenance improvements in the obesity-related profile.
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