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Oulerich Z, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Early-life exposures and long-term health: adverse gestational environments and the programming of offspring renal and vascular disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F21-F36. [PMID: 38695077 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00383.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis, exposure to certain environmental influences during early life may be a key determinant of fetal development and short- and long-term offspring health. Indeed, adverse conditions encountered during the fetal, perinatal, and early childhood stages can alter normal development and growth, as well as put the offspring at elevated risk of developing long-term health conditions in adulthood, including chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases. Of relevance in understanding the mechanistic basis of these long-term health conditions are previous findings showing low glomerular number in human intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight-indicators of a suboptimal intrauterine environment. In different animal models, the main suboptimal intrauterine conditions studied relate to maternal dietary manipulations, poor micronutrient intake, prenatal ethanol exposure, maternal diabetes, glucocorticoid and chemical exposure, hypoxia, and placental insufficiency. These studies have demonstrated changes in kidney structure, glomerular endowment, and expression of key genes and signaling pathways controlling endocrine, excretion, and filtration function of the offspring. This review aims to summarize those studies to uncover the effects and mechanisms by which adverse gestational environments impact offspring renal and vascular health in adulthood. This is important for identifying agents and interventions that can prevent and mitigate the long-term consequences of an adverse intrauterine environment on the subsequent generation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human data and experimental animal data show that suboptimal environments during fetal development increase the risk of renal and vascular diseases in adult-life. This is related to permanent changes in kidney structure, function, and expression of genes and signaling pathways controlling filtration, excretion, and endocrine function. Uncovering the mechanisms by which offspring renal development and function is impacted is important for identifying ways to mitigate the development of diseases that strain health care services worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Oulerich
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Agro Paris Tech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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2
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Zanon P, Terraciano PB, Quandt L, Palma Kuhl C, Pandolfi Passos E, Berger M. Angiotensin II - AT1 receptor signalling regulates the plasminogen-plasmin system in human stromal endometrial cells increasing extracellular matrix degradation, cell migration and inducing a proinflammatory profile. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116280. [PMID: 38735446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The pivotal role of human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) in the development of endometriosis lies in their ability to adopt a pro-invasive and proinflammatory profile upon migration to areas outside the uterus. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these events remain unclear. In this study, we investigated how angiotensin II (Ang II) affects the plasminogen-plasmin system in hESCs, and the mechanisms underlying cell proliferation, migration, matrix degradation, and inflammation. Precursors, receptors, and peptidases involved in angiotensin metabolism increased significantly in Ang II-treated hESCs. The expression and activity of tissue (tPA)- and urokinase (uPA)- type plasminogen activators and the receptor for uPA (uPAR) were induced in the presence of Ang II. The up-regulation of tPA-uPA/uPAR pathway significantly contributes to heightened plasmin production both on the surface of hESCs and in their conditioned media. As a result, the plasmin generation induced by Ang II enhances the degradation of fibrin and matrix proteins, while also boosting hESC viability, proliferation, and migration through the up-regulation of growth factor expression. Notably, Ang II-induced hESC migration was dependent on the generation of active plasmin on cell surface. Ang II regulates oxidative and inflammatory signalling in hESCs primarily via NADPH oxidase and through the up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. Interestingly, Ang II receptor (AT1R) blockage, decreased plasmin generation, tPA-uPA/uPAR expression and hESC migration. Our results suggest that Ang II/AT1R axis regulates hESC proliferation and migration through tPA-uPA/uPAR pathway activation and plasmin generation. We propose the Ang II/AT1R axis as a potential target for endometriosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Zanon
- Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Barros Terraciano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Quandt
- Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Palma Kuhl
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Fertilidade, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Markus Berger
- Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Liu L, Li Y, Li JX, Xiao X, Wan TT, Li HH, Guo SB. ACE2 Expressed on Myeloid Cells Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Acute Liver Injury via the Ang-(1-7)-Mas Receptor Axis. Inflammation 2024; 47:891-908. [PMID: 38240986 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute liver injury (ALI) is common in intensive care units. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a vital role in hepatic fibrosis and steatosis; however, its role in sepsis-induced ALI remains unclear. This study found that hepatic ACE2 expression in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-treated mice significantly decreased 24 h after CLP. ACE2-transgenic (TG) mice exhibited a significant improvement in CLP-induced ALI, accompanied by the inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, while ACE2-knockout mice demonstrated an opposite trend. During sepsis-induced ALI, ACE2-TG could also elevate the Ang-(1-7) and Mas receptor (MasR) levels in liver tissues. Interestingly, the MasR inhibitor A779 abrogated the favorable effects of ACE2 on CLP-induced ALI. In a bone marrow transplantation experiment, the ACE2-TG transplantation group showed significantly improved inflammation and liver dysfunction, less hepatocyte apoptosis, and reduced oxidative stress after CLP compared with the wild-type transplantation group. In contrast, the ACE2-knockout group showed poor inflammatory response and liver dysfunction, significantly more hepatocyte apoptosis, and elevated oxidative stress than the wild-type transplantation group after CLP. ACE2 protects against sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation via the Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis. Thus, targeting ACE2 may be a promising novel strategy for preventing and treating sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Road of Worker's Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ya Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Road of Worker's Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Road of Worker's Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Road of Worker's Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Road of Worker's Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Road of Worker's Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Shu-Bin Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Road of Worker's Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Gironacci MM, Bruna-Haupt E. Unraveling the crosstalk between renin-angiotensin system receptors. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14134. [PMID: 38488216 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in blood pressure regulation. The RAS is a complex interconnected system composed of two axes with opposite effects. The pressor arm, represented by angiotensin (Ang) II and the AT1 receptor (AT1R), mediates the vasoconstrictor, proliferative, hypertensive, oxidative, and pro-inflammatory effects of the RAS, while the depressor/protective arm, represented by Ang-(1-7), its Mas receptor (MasR) and the AT2 receptor (AT2R), opposes the actions elicited by the pressor arm. The AT1R, AT2R, and MasR belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. GPCRs operate not only as monomers, but they can also function in dimeric (homo and hetero) or higher-order oligomeric states. Due to the interaction with other receptors, GPCR properties may change: receptor affinity, trafficking, signaling, and its biological function may be altered. Thus, heteromerization provides a newly recognized means of modulation of receptor function, as well as crosstalk between GPCRs. This review is focused on angiotensin receptors, and how their properties are influenced by crosstalk with other receptors, adding more complexity to an already complex system and potentially opening up new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela M Gironacci
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Bruna-Haupt
- INTEQUI (CONICET), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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Greene ES, Tabler TW, Orlowski SK, Dridi S. Effect of heat stress on the hypothalamic expression of water channel- and noncoding RNA biogenesis-related genes in modern broilers and their ancestor red jungle fowl. Brain Res 2024; 1830:148810. [PMID: 38365130 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Genetic selection for high growth rate has resulted in spectacular progress in feed efficiency in chickens. As feed intake and water consumption (WC) are associated and both are affected by environmental conditions, we evaluated WC and its hypothalamic regulation in three broiler-based research lines and their ancestor jungle fowl (JF) under heat stress (HS) conditions. Slow growing ACRB, moderate growing 95RB, fast growing MRB, and JF were exposed to daily chronic cyclic HS (36 °C, 9 h/d) or thermoneutral temperature (24 °C). HS increased WC in the MRB only. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA levels were decreased by HS in the MRB. Within the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) system, renin expression was increased by HS in the JF, ACRB, and 95RB, while angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II receptors (type 1, AT1, and type 2, AT2) were affected by line. The expression of aquaporin (AQP2, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12) genes was upregulated by HS, whereas AQP4 and AQP5 expressions were influenced by line. miRNA processing components (Dicer1, Ago2, Drosha) were significantly different among the lines, but were unaffected by HS. In summary, this is the first report showing the effect of HS on hypothalamic water channel- and noncoding RNA biogenesis-related genes in modern chicken populations and their ancestor JF. These results provide a novel framework for future research to identify new molecular mechanisms and signatures involved in water homeostasis and adaptation to HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Travis W Tabler
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sara K Orlowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
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Buryskova Salajova K, Malik J, Valerianova A. Cardiorenal Syndromes and Their Role in Water and Sodium Homeostasis. Physiol Res 2024; 73:173-187. [PMID: 38710052 PMCID: PMC11081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium is the main osmotically active ion in the extracellular fluid and its concentration goes hand in hand with fluid volume. Under physiological conditions, homeostasis of sodium and thus amount of fluid is regulated by neural and humoral interconnection of body tissues and organs. Both heart and kidneys are crucial in maintaining volume status. Proper kidney function is necessary to excrete regulated amount of water and solutes and adequate heart function is inevitable to sustain renal perfusion pressure, oxygen supply etc. As these organs are bidirectionally interconnected, injury of one leads to dysfunction of another. This condition is known as cardiorenal syndrome. It is divided into five subtypes regarding timeframe and pathophysiology of the onset. Hemodynamic effects include congestion, decreased cardiac output, but also production of natriuretic peptides. Renal congestion and hypoperfusion leads to kidney injury and maladaptive activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system. In cardiorenal syndromes sodium and water excretion is impaired leading to volume overload and far-reaching negative consequences, including higher morbidity and mortality of these patients. Keywords: Cardiorenal syndrome, Renocardiac syndrome, Volume overload, Sodium retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Buryskova Salajova
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Fularski P, Czarnik W, Frankenstein H, Gąsior M, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Unveiling Selected Influences on Chronic Kidney Disease Development and Progression. Cells 2024; 13:751. [PMID: 38727287 PMCID: PMC11083010 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, more and more people are suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is estimated that CKD affects over 10% of the population worldwide. This is a significant issue, as the kidneys largely contribute to maintaining homeostasis by, among other things, regulating blood pressure, the pH of blood, and the water-electrolyte balance and by eliminating unnecessary metabolic waste products from blood. What is more, this disease does not show any specific symptoms at the beginning. The development of CKD is predisposed by certain conditions, such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension. However, these disorders are not the only factors promoting the onset and progression of CKD. The primary purpose of this review is to examine renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular calcification (VC), uremic toxins, and hypertension in the context of their impact on the occurrence and the course of CKD. We firmly believe that a deeper comprehension of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying CKD can lead to an enhanced understanding of the disease. In the future, this may result in the development of medications targeting specific mechanisms involved in the decline of kidney function. Our paper unveils the selected processes responsible for the deterioration of renal filtration abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fularski
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (M.G.)
| | - Witold Czarnik
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (M.G.)
| | - Hanna Frankenstein
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (M.G.)
| | - Magdalena Gąsior
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (M.G.)
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (M.G.)
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (M.G.)
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Kikinis Z, Castañeyra-Perdomo A, González-Mora JL, Rushmore RJ, Toppa PH, Haggerty K, Papadimitriou G, Rathi Y, Kubicki M, Kikinis R, Heller C, Yeterian E, Besteher B, Pallanti S, Makris N. Investigating the structural network underlying brain-immune interactions using combined histopathology and neuroimaging: a critical review for its relevance in acute and long COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1337888. [PMID: 38590789 PMCID: PMC11000670 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1337888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Current views on immunity support the idea that immunity extends beyond defense functions and is tightly intertwined with several other fields of biology such as virology, microbiology, physiology and ecology. It is also critical for our understanding of autoimmunity and cancer, two topics of great biological relevance and for critical public health considerations such as disease prevention and treatment. Central to this review, the immune system is known to interact intimately with the nervous system and has been recently hypothesized to be involved not only in autonomic and limbic bio-behaviors but also in cognitive function. Herein we review the structural architecture of the brain network involved in immune response. Furthermore, we elaborate upon the implications of inflammatory processes affecting brain-immune interactions as reported recently in pathological conditions due to SARS-Cov-2 virus infection, namely in acute and post-acute COVID-19. Moreover, we discuss how current neuroimaging techniques combined with ad hoc clinical autopsies and histopathological analyses could critically affect the validity of clinical translation in studies of human brain-immune interactions using neuroimaging. Advances in our understanding of brain-immune interactions are expected to translate into novel therapeutic avenues in a vast array of domains including cancer, autoimmune diseases or viral infections such as in acute and post-acute or Long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Kikinis
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Agustin Castañeyra-Perdomo
- Universidad de La Laguna, Área de Anatomía y Fisiología. Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - José Luis González-Mora
- Universidad de La Laguna, Área de Anatomía y Fisiología. Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Spain
- Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Neurosciencias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Richard Jarrett Rushmore
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Spain
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Poliana Hartung Toppa
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kayley Haggerty
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George Papadimitriou
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ron Kikinis
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carina Heller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Edward Yeterian
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, United States
| | - Bianca Besteher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefano Pallanti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Florence, Italy
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Universidad de La Laguna, Área de Anatomía y Fisiología. Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Spain
- Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Neurosciencias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Spain
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Sanou A, Konaté K, Belemnaba L, Sama H, Kaboré K, Dakuyo R, Nitiéma M, Dicko MH. In Vivo Diuretic Activity and Anti-Hypertensive Potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract by Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Hypertension Precursor Enzymes. Foods 2024; 13:534. [PMID: 38397511 PMCID: PMC10888337 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of calyx from Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) (roselle) are highly appreciated for their nutritional and therapeutic effects, especially as anti-hypertensive substances. This study aimed to evaluate their anti-hypertensive potential through an in vitro inhibition assay of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and hypertension precursor enzymes and to assess the in vivo diuretic activity of HS. Results showed that HS extract inhibited enzymes belonging to several classes, such as α-amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme. In particular, enzymatic kinetics of ACE indicated a competitive inhibition fashion of HS extract. Furthermore, the extracts showed remarkable diuretic and natriuretic effects at doses of 50 mg/kg/bw, 100 mg/kg/b.w, and 200 mg/kg.b.w. These activities can be explained by the high content of phenolic compounds and essential amino acids. Roselle could be a potential source of nutraceuticals and anti-hypertensive bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoudramane Sanou
- Laboratory Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Biohemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Kiessoun Konaté
- Laboratory Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Biohemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
- Applied Sciences and Technologies Training and Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Dedougou, Dedougou 09 BP 176, Burkina Faso
| | - Lazare Belemnaba
- Department of Traditional Medicine and Pharmacopoeia and Pharmacy, Institute of Research in Health Sciences/National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research (MEPHATRA PH/IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7034, Burkina Faso
| | - Hemayoro Sama
- Laboratory Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Biohemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Kabakdé Kaboré
- Laboratory Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Biohemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Roger Dakuyo
- Laboratory Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Biohemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Mathieu Nitiéma
- Department of Traditional Medicine and Pharmacopoeia and Pharmacy, Institute of Research in Health Sciences/National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research (MEPHATRA PH/IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7034, Burkina Faso
| | - Mamoudou Hama Dicko
- Laboratory Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Biohemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
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10
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Gadanec LK, McSweeney KR, Kubatka P, Caprnda M, Gaspar L, Prosecky R, Dragasek J, Kruzliak P, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A. Angiotensin II constricts mouse iliac arteries: possible mechanism for aortic aneurysms. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:233-242. [PMID: 37027096 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) result from maladaptive remodeling of the vascular wall and reduces structural integrity. Angiotensin II (AngII) infusion has become a standard laboratory model for studying AAA initiation and progression. We determined the different vasoactive responses of various mouse arteries to Ang II. Ex vivo isometric tension analysis was conducted on 18-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n = 4) brachiocephalic arteries (BC), iliac arteries (IL), and abdominal (AA) and thoracic aorta (TA). Arterial rings were mounted between organ hooks, gently stretched and an AngII dose response was performed. Rings were placed in 4% paraformaldehyde for immunohistochemistry analysis to quantify peptide expression of angiotensin type 1 (AT1R) and 2 receptors (AT2R) in the endothelium, media, and adventitia. Results from this study demonstrated vasoconstriction responses in IL were significantly higher at all AngII doses when compared to BC, and TA and AA responses (maximum constriction-IL: 68.64 ± 5.47% vs. BC: 1.96 ± 1.00%; TA: 3.13 ± 0.16% and AA: 2.75 ± 1.77%, p < 0.0001). Expression of AT1R was highest in the endothelium of IL (p < 0.05) and in the media and (p < 0.05) adventitia (p < 0.05) of AA. In contrast, AT2R expression was highest in endothelium (p < 0.05), media (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) and adventitia of TA. These results suggest that mouse arteries display different vasoactive responses to AngII, and the exaggerated response in IL arteries may play a role during AAA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Werribee Camous, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia.
| | - Kristen Renee McSweeney
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Werribee Camous, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Gaspar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Robert Prosecky
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne'S University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Werribee Camous, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Werribee Camous, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia.
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11
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Baffour-Awuah B, Man M, Goessler KF, Cornelissen VA, Dieberg G, Smart NA, Pearson MJ. Effect of exercise training on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:89-101. [PMID: 38017087 PMCID: PMC10844078 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) management reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in regulating and maintaining blood volume and pressure. This analysis aimed to investigate the effect of exercise training on plasma renin, angiotensin-II and aldosterone, epinephrine, norepinephrine, urinary sodium and potassium, BP and heart rate (HR). We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library of Controlled Trials until 30 November 2022. The search strategy included RAAS key words in combination with exercise training terms and medical subject headings. Manual searching of reference lists from systematic reviews and eligible studies completed the search. A random effects meta-analysis model was used. Eighteen trials with a total of 803 participants were included. After exercise training, plasma angiotensin-II (SMD -0.71; 95% CI -1.24, -0.19; p = 0.008; n = 9 trials), aldosterone (SMD -0.37; 95% CI -0.65, -0.09; p = 0.009; n = 8 trials) and norepinephrine (SMD -0.82; 95% CI -1.18, -0.46; p < 0.001; n = 8 trials) were reduced. However, plasma renin activity, epinephrine, and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion remained unchanged with exercise training. Systolic BP was reduced (MD -6.2 mmHg; 95% CI -9.9, -2.6; p = 0.001) as was diastolic BP (MD -4.5 mmHg; 95% CI -6.9, -2.1; p < 0.001) but not HR (MD -3.0 bpm; 95% CI -6.0, 0.4; p = 0.053). Exercise training may reduce some aspects of RAAS and sympathetic nervous system activity, and this explains some of the anti-hypertensive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biggie Baffour-Awuah
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Melody Man
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Karla F Goessler
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Véronique A Cornelissen
- Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology Unit, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Dieberg
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| | - Neil A Smart
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Melissa J Pearson
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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12
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Santamaría R, Cruz-Caballero J, Gkontra P, Jiménez-Montiel A, Clemente C, López JA, Villalba-Orero M, Vázquez J, Hutloff A, Lara-Pezzi E, Arroyo AG. Capillary pruning couples tissue perfusion and oxygenation with cardiomyocyte maturation in the postnatal mouse heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1256127. [PMID: 38020883 PMCID: PMC10661946 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1256127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Removal of poorly perfused capillaries by pruning contributes to remodeling the microvasculature to optimize oxygen and nutrient delivery. Blood flow drives this process by promoting the intravascular migration of endothelial cells in developing networks, such as in the yolk sac, zebrafish brain or postnatal mouse retina. Methods: In this study, we have implemented innovative tools to recognize capillary pruning in the complex 3D coronary microvasculature of the postnatal mouse heart. We have also experimentally tested the impact of decreasing pruning on the structure and function of this network by altering blood flow with two different vasodilators: losartan and prazosin. Results: Although both drugs reduced capillary pruning, a combination of experiments based on ex vivo imaging, proteomics, electron microscopy and in vivo functional approaches showed that losartan treatment resulted in an inefficient coronary network, reduced myocardial oxygenation and metabolic changes that delayed the arrest of cardiomyocyte proliferation, in contrast to the effects of prazosin, probably due to its concomitant promotion of capillary expansion. Discussion: Our work demonstrates that capillary pruning contributes to proper maturation and function of the heart and that manipulation of blood flow may be a novel strategy to refine the microvasculature and improve tissue perfusion after damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Santamaría
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Polyxeni Gkontra
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Lab (BCN-AIM), Departament de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Clemente
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. López
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba-Orero
- Myocardial Pathology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Hutloff
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Myocardial Pathology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G. Arroyo
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Hassani B, Attar Z, Firouzabadi N. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) signaling pathways and cancer: foes versus allies. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:254. [PMID: 37891636 PMCID: PMC10604988 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), is an old system with new fundamental roles in cancer biology which influences cell growth, migration, death, and metastasis. RAAS signaling enhances cell proliferation in malignancy directly and indirectly by affecting tumor cells and modulating angiogenesis. Cancer development may be influenced by the balance between the ACE/Ang II/AT1R and the ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas receptor pathways. The interactions between Ang II/AT1R and Ang I/AT2R as well as Ang1-7/Mas and alamandine/MrgD receptors in the RAAS pathway can significantly impact the development of cancer. Ang I/AT2R, Ang1-7/Mas, and alamandine/MrgD interactions can have anticancer effects while Ang II/AT1R interactions can be involved in the development of cancer. Evidence suggests that inhibitors of the RAAS, which are conventionally used to treat cardiovascular diseases, may be beneficial in cancer therapies.Herein, we aim to provide a thorough description of the elements of RAAS and their molecular play in cancer. Alongside this, the role of RAAS components in sex-dependent cancers as well as GI cancers will be discussed with the hope of enlightening new venues for adjuvant cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hassani
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Attar
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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14
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Nakayasu ES, Gritsenko MA, Kim YM, Kyle JE, Stratton KG, Nicora CD, Munoz N, Navarro KM, Claborne D, Gao Y, Weitz KK, Paurus VL, Bloodsworth KJ, Allen KA, Bramer LM, Montes F, Clark KA, Tietje G, Teeguarden J, Burnum-Johnson KE. Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:48. [PMID: 37853489 PMCID: PMC10583322 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations, such as firefighting, law enforcement, military, and sports. A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work environment. METHODS To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions, we performed a multi-omics analysis of three biofluids (blood plasma, urine, and saliva) collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min, intense exercise regimen. Omics profiles post- versus pre-exercise were compared by Student's t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics modalities. RESULTS Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins, 730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of samples. The blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy demands. The urine analysis showed a strong, concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites, reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid balance. In saliva, we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides. A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory infection. CONCLUSION This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility, suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Nathalie Munoz
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kathleen M Navarro
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Western States Division, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Daniel Claborne
- Computational Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Karl K Weitz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Vanessa L Paurus
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kent J Bloodsworth
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kelsey A Allen
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Fernando Montes
- Los Angeles County Fire Department, Los Angeles, CA, 90063, USA
| | - Kathleen A Clark
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Respiratory Health Division, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Grant Tietje
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Justin Teeguarden
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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15
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Ahmed AA, Mohamed SK, Nofal S, El Morsy EM, Ahmed AAE. Targeting the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling pathway by bempedoic acid attenuates Angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodelling in renovascular hypertension in rats. Life Sci 2023; 329:121963. [PMID: 37473803 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The crosstalk between the renin-angiotensin system and Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gained significant interest due to their involvement in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases. Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a crucial role in developing cardiac remodelling by inducing energy imbalance, inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced fibrosis. Ang II directly or through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation impairs AMPK signalling with well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects. AIM This study aimed to investigate the role of bempedoic acid, a novel antihyperlipidemic drug, in attenuating hypertension-induced cardiac remodelling in rats by modulating Ang II-induced damage and activating the AMPK signalling pathway. METHOD Sixty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into the Sham control group, Hypertensive group, Captopril group (30 mg/kg), and Bempedoic acid group (30 mg/kg). Hypertension was induced by left renal artery ligation in all groups except the Sham control group. Treatment with captopril and bempedoic acid started 14 days post-surgy and lasted two weeks. Finally, Hemodynamic measurements and electrocardiographic examination were done followed by heart tissue samples collection for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. KEY FINDINGS Bempedoic acid preserved the cardiac function and electrocardiogram patterns. It inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress, exhibited antioxidant activity, and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. Bempedoic acid interfered with ERK signalling pathways, including nuclear factor-κB and TGF-β, exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate the cardioprotective and antihypertrophic activity of bempedoic acid, which are suggested to result from energy-independent AMPK downstream signalling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa K Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Egypt.
| | - Shahira Nofal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Egypt.
| | - Engy M El Morsy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Egypt.
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Egypt.
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16
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Wang C, Amini H, Xu Z, Peralta AA, Yazdi MD, Qiu X, Wei Y, Just A, Heiss J, Hou L, Zheng Y, Coull BA, Kosheleva A, Baccarelli AA, Schwartz JD. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate components and leukocyte epigenome-wide DNA Methylation in older men: the Normative Aging Study. Environ Health 2023; 22:54. [PMID: 37550674 PMCID: PMC10405403 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenome-wide association studies of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have been reported. However, few have examined PM2.5 components (PMCs) and sources or included repeated measures. The lack of high-resolution exposure measurements is the key limitation. We hypothesized that significant changes in DNA methylation might vary by PMCs and the sources. METHODS We predicted the annual average of 14 PMCs using novel high-resolution exposure models across the contiguous U.S., between 2000-2018. The resolution was 50 m × 50 m in the Greater Boston Area. We also identified PM2.5 sources using positive matrix factorization. We repeatedly collected blood samples and measured leukocyte DNAm with the Illumina HumanMethylation450K BeadChip in the Normative Aging Study. We then used median regression with subject-specific intercepts to estimate the associations between long-term (one-year) exposure to PMCs / PM2.5 sources and DNA methylation at individual cytosine-phosphate-guanine CpG sites. Significant probes were identified by the number of independent degrees of freedom approach, using the number of principal components explaining > 95% of the variation of the DNA methylation data. We also performed regional and pathway analyses to identify significant regions and pathways. RESULTS We included 669 men with 1,178 visits between 2000-2013. The subjects had a mean age of 75 years. The identified probes, regions, and pathways varied by PMCs and their sources. For example, iron was associated with 6 probes and 6 regions, whereas nitrate was associated with 15 probes and 3 regions. The identified pathways from biomass burning, coal burning, and heavy fuel oil combustion sources were associated with cancer, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases, whereas there were no pathways associated with all traffic. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that the effects of PM2.5 on DNAm varied by its PMCs and sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Heresh Amini
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zongli Xu
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adjani A Peralta
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xinye Qiu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yaguang Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Allan Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jonathan Heiss
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anna Kosheleva
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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17
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Colin M, Delaitre C, Foulquier S, Dupuis F. The AT 1/AT 2 Receptor Equilibrium Is a Cornerstone of the Regulation of the Renin Angiotensin System beyond the Cardiovascular System. Molecules 2023; 28:5481. [PMID: 37513355 PMCID: PMC10383525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The AT1 receptor has mainly been associated with the pathological effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (e.g., hypertension, heart and kidney diseases), and constitutes a major therapeutic target. In contrast, the AT2 receptor is presented as the protective arm of this RAS, and its targeting via specific agonists is mainly used to counteract the effects of the AT1 receptor. The discovery of a local RAS has highlighted the importance of the balance between AT1/AT2 receptors at the tissue level. Disruption of this balance is suggested to be detrimental. The fine tuning of this balance is not limited to the regulation of the level of expression of these two receptors. Other mechanisms still largely unexplored, such as S-nitrosation of the AT1 receptor, homo- and heterodimerization, and the use of AT1 receptor-biased agonists, may significantly contribute to and/or interfere with the settings of this AT1/AT2 equilibrium. This review will detail, through several examples (the brain, wound healing, and the cellular cycle), the importance of the functional balance between AT1 and AT2 receptors, and how new molecular pharmacological approaches may act on its regulation to open up new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Colin
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MHeNS-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MHeNS-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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18
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Kanugula AK, Kaur J, Batra J, Ankireddypalli AR, Velagapudi R. Renin-Angiotensin System: Updated Understanding and Role in Physiological and Pathophysiological States. Cureus 2023; 15:e40725. [PMID: 37350982 PMCID: PMC10283427 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical view of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is that of the circulating hormone pathway involved in salt and water homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. It is also involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac and renal disorders. This led to the creation of drugs blocking the actions of this classical pathway, which improved cardiac and renal outcomes. Our understanding of the RAS has significantly expanded with the discovery of new peptides involved in this complex pathway. Over the last two decades, a counter-regulatory or protective pathway has been discovered that opposes the effects of the classical pathway. Components of RAS are also implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and its metabolic diseases. The continued discovery of newer molecules also provides novel therapeutic targets to improve disease outcomes. This article aims to provide an overview of an updated understanding of the RAS, its role in physiological and pathological processes, and potential novel therapeutic options from RAS for managing cardiorenal disorders, obesity, and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Kanugula
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wellstar Health System - Spalding Regional Hospital, Griffin, USA
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jaskaran Batra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Univerity of Pittsburg Medical Center (UPMC) McKeesport, McKeesport, USA
| | | | - Ravikanth Velagapudi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Spectrum Health/Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, USA
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19
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Swiderski J, Sakkal S, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A, Gadanec LK. Combination of Taurine and Black Pepper Extract as a Treatment for Cardiovascular and Coronary Artery Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112562. [PMID: 37299525 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The shift in modern dietary regimens to "Western style" and sedentary lifestyles are believed to be partly responsible for the increase in the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Natural products have been used throughout human history as treatments for a plethora of pathological conditions. Taurine and, more recently, black pepper have gained attention for their beneficial health effects while remaining non-toxic even when ingested in excess. Taurine, black pepper, and the major terpene constituents found in black pepper (i.e., β-caryophyllene; α-pinene; β-pinene; α-humulene; limonene; and sabinene) that are present in PhytoCann BP® have been shown to have cardioprotective effects based on anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-hypertensive and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms. This comprehensive review of the literature focuses on determining whether the combination of taurine and black pepper extract is an effective natural treatment for reducing cardiovascular diseases risk factors (i.e., hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia) and for driving anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms to combat coronary artery disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Swiderski
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
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20
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Gan PXL, Liao W, Linke KM, Mei D, Wu XD, Wong WSF. Targeting the renin angiotensin system for respiratory diseases. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:111-144. [PMID: 37524485 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an indispensable role in regulating blood pressure through its effects on fluid and electrolyte balance. As an aside, cumulative evidence from experimental to clinical studies supports the notion that dysregulation of RAS contributes to the pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative, and pro-fibrotic processes that occur in pulmonary diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and acute lung injury (ALI). Pharmacological intervention of the various RAS components can be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these respiratory diseases. In this chapter, we first give a recent update on the RAS, and then compile, review, and analyse recent reports on targeting RAS components as treatments for respiratory diseases. Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin (Ang) II, and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis, and activation of the protective ACE2, AT2R, Ang (1-7), and Mas receptor axis have demonstrated varying degrees of efficacies in experimental respiratory disease models or in human trials. The newly identified alamandine/Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor member D pathway has shown some therapeutic promise as well. However, our understanding of the RAS ligand-and-receptor interactions is still inconclusive, and the modes of action and signaling cascade mediating the newly identified RAS receptors remain to be better characterized. Clinical data are obviously lacking behind the promising pre-clinical findings of certain well-established molecules targeting at different pathways of the RAS in respiratory diseases. Translational human studies should be the focus for RAS drug development in lung diseases in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis X L Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kira M Linke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Mei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - X D Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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21
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Ndiaye JF, Nekka F, Craig M. Understanding the Mechanisms and Treatment of Heart Failure: Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Models with a Focus on SGLT2 Inhibitors and Sex-Specific Differences. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031002. [PMID: 36986862 PMCID: PMC10052171 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), which is a major clinical and public health challenge, commonly develops when the myocardial muscle is unable to pump an adequate amount of blood at typical cardiac pressures to fulfill the body's metabolic needs, and compensatory mechanisms are compromised or fail to adjust. Treatments consist of targeting the maladaptive response of the neurohormonal system, thereby decreasing symptoms by relieving congestion. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which are a recent antihyperglycemic drug, have been found to significantly improve HF complications and mortality. They act through many pleiotropic effects, and show better improvements compared to others existing pharmacological therapies. Mathematical modeling is a tool used to describe the pathophysiological processes of the disease, quantify clinically relevant outcomes in response to therapies, and provide a predictive framework to improve therapeutic scheduling and strategies. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology of HF, its treatment, and how an integrated mathematical model of the cardiorenal system was built to capture body fluid and solute homeostasis. We also provide insights into sex-specific differences between males and females, thereby encouraging the development of more effective sex-based therapies in the case of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean François Ndiaye
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Fahima Nekka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Morgan Craig
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
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22
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Ahmed AA, Mohamed SK, Nofal S, El Morsy EM, Ahmed AAE. Effect of bempedoic acid on angiotensin-II induced hypertension and vascular tissue remodelling in renal hypertensive rats through AMPK multiple signalling pathways modulation. Life Sci 2023; 320:121573. [PMID: 36931497 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II), the effector of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is a key player in the pathogenesis of chronic hypertension, accompanied by vascular tissue resistance, remodelling, and damage. Chronic activation of Ang II receptor 1 (AT-1R) impairs multiple cellular targets implicated in cellular protection and survival, including adenosine Monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling. In addition, it induces oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and fibrotic changes in resistance vessels. Our study investigated the antihypertensive and antifibrotic effects of bempedoic acid, a first-in-class antihyperlipidemic drug that targets adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase enzyme to inhibit cholesterol synthesis. We also studied the modulation of multiple AMPK signalling pathways by bempedoic acid in a chronic hypertension model in rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham group, hypertensive group, standard captopril group, and bempedoic treated group. All groups underwent left renal artery ligation except the sham group. Fourteen days post-surgery, captopril and bempedoic acid were administered with a dose of 30 mg/kg/day orally to captopril-standard and bempedoic acid-treated groups for two weeks, respectively. In mesenteric resistance arteries, bempedoic acid activated AMPK energy independently and augmented AMPK multiple cellular targets to adapt to Ang II-induced cellular stress. It exerted antioxidant activity, increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and reversed the ER stress. Bempedoic acid maintained vascular integrity and prevented vascular remodelling by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/transforming growth factor-β fibrotic pathway. These effects were reflected in the improved hemodynamic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa K Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Egypt
| | - Shahira Nofal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Egypt
| | - Engy M El Morsy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Egypt
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Egypt
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23
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Prasad R, Adu-Agyeiwaah Y, Floyd JL, Asare-Bediako B, Li Calzi S, Chakraborty D, Harbour A, Rohella A, Busik JV, Li Q, Grant MB. Sustained ACE2 Expression by Probiotic Improves Integrity of Intestinal Lymphatics and Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetic Model. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051771. [PMID: 36902558 PMCID: PMC10003436 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal lymphatic, known as lacteal, plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis by regulating several key functions, including the absorption of dietary lipids, immune cell trafficking, and interstitial fluid balance in the gut. The absorption of dietary lipids relies on lacteal integrity, mediated by button-like and zipper-like junctions. Although the intestinal lymphatic system is well studied in many diseases, including obesity, the contribution of lacteals to the gut-retinal axis in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has not been examined. Previously, we showed that diabetes induces a reduction in intestinal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), leading to gut barrier disruption. However, when ACE2 levels are maintained, a preservation of gut barrier integrity occurs, resulting in less systemic inflammation and a reduction in endothelial cell permeability, ultimately retarding the development of diabetic complications, such as diabetic retinopathy. Here, we examined the impact of T1D on intestinal lymphatics and circulating lipids and tested the impact of intervention with ACE-2-expressing probiotics on key aspects of gut and retinal function. Akita mice with 6 months of diabetes were orally gavaged LP-ACE2 (3x/week for 3 months), an engineered probiotic (Lactobacillus paracasei; LP) expressing human ACE2. After three months, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate intestinal lymphatics, gut epithelial, and endothelial barrier integrity. Retinal function was assessed using visual acuity, electroretinograms, and enumeration of acellular capillaries. LP-ACE2 significantly restored intestinal lacteal integrity as assessed by the increased expression of lymphatic vessel hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) expression in LP-ACE2-treated Akita mice. This was accompanied by improved gut epithelial (Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), p120-catenin) and endothelial (plasmalemma vesicular protein -1 (PLVAP1)) barrier integrity. In Akita mice, the LP-ACE2 treatment reduced plasma levels of LDL cholesterol and increased the expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG1) in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), the population of cells responsible for lipid transport from the systemic circulation into the retina. LP-ACE2 also corrected blood-retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction in the neural retina, as observed by increased ZO-1 and decreased VCAM-1 expression compared to untreated mice. LP-ACE2-treated Akita mice exhibit significantly decreased numbers of acellular capillaries in the retina. Our study supports the beneficial role of LP-ACE2 in the restoration of intestinal lacteal integrity, which plays a key role in gut barrier integrity and systemic lipid metabolism and decreased diabetic retinopathy severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jason L. Floyd
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bright Asare-Bediako
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dibyendu Chakraborty
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Angela Harbour
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Aayush Rohella
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Julia V. Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-996-8685; Fax: +1-205-934-3425
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24
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Chiu CH, Hsuan CF, Lin SH, Hung YJ, Hwu CM, Hee SW, Lin SW, Fong SW, Hsieh PCH, Yang WS, Lin WC, Lee HL, Hsieh ML, Li WY, Lin JW, Hsu CN, Wu VC, Chuang GT, Chang YC, Chuang LM. ER ribosomal-binding protein 1 regulates blood pressure and potassium homeostasis by modulating intracellular renin trafficking. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:13. [PMID: 36803854 PMCID: PMC9940419 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have linked RRBP1 (ribosomal-binding protein 1) genetic variants to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and serum lipoprotein levels. However, how RRBP1 regulates blood pressure is unknown. METHODS To identify genetic variants associated with blood pressure, we performed a genome-wide linkage analysis with regional fine mapping in the Stanford Asia-Pacific Program for Hypertension and Insulin Resistance (SAPPHIRe) cohort. We further investigated the role of the RRBP1 gene using a transgenic mouse model and a human cell model. RESULTS In the SAPPHIRe cohort, we discovered that genetic variants of the RRBP1 gene were associated with blood pressure variation, which was confirmed by other GWASs for blood pressure. Rrbp1- knockout (KO) mice had lower blood pressure and were more likely to die suddenly from severe hyperkalemia caused by phenotypically hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism than wild-type controls. The survival of Rrbp1-KO mice significantly decreased under high potassium intake due to lethal hyperkalemia-induced arrhythmia and persistent hypoaldosteronism, which could be rescued by fludrocortisone. An immunohistochemical study revealed renin accumulation in the juxtaglomerular cells of Rrbp1-KO mice. In the RRBP1-knockdown Calu-6 cells, a human renin-producing cell line, transmission electron and confocal microscopy revealed that renin was primarily retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and was unable to efficiently target the Golgi apparatus for secretion. CONCLUSIONS RRBP1 deficiency in mice caused hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, resulting in lower blood pressure, severe hyperkalemia, and sudden cardiac death. In juxtaglomerular cells, deficiency of RRBP1 reduced renin intracellular trafficking from ER to Golgi apparatus. RRBP1 is a brand-new regulator of blood pressure and potassium homeostasis discovered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Hsuan Chiu
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Chin-Feng Hsuan
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824410 Taiwan ,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 840203 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan ,grid.278247.c0000 0004 0604 5314Section of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 111 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, 112 Taiwan ,grid.278244.f0000 0004 0638 9360Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Siow-Wey Hee
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Division of Genomic Medicine, Research Center for Medical Excellence, Transgenic Mouse Models Core, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Sitt-Wai Fong
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Patrick Ching-Ho Hsieh
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shun Yang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, 302 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lin Lee
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lun Hsieh
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Wen-Yi Li
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, 640 Taiwan
| | - Jou-Wei Lin
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, 640 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Neng Hsu
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, 640 Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Tsann Chuang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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25
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Rukavina Mikusic NL, Gironacci MM. Mas receptor endocytosis and signaling in health and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:49-65. [PMID: 36631200 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in blood pressure regulation and electrolyte homeostasis and is mainly composed by two axes mediating opposite effects. The pressor axis, constituted by angiotensin (Ang) II and the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), exerts vasoconstrictor, proliferative, hypertensive, oxidative and pro-inflammatory actions, while the depressor/protective axis, represented by Ang-(1-7), its Mas receptor (MasR) and the Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2R), opposes the actions elicited by the pressor arm. The MasR belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. To avoid receptor overstimulation, GPCRs undergo internalization and trafficking into the cell after being stimulated. Then, the receptor may induce other signaling cascades or it may even interact with other receptors, generating distinct biological responses. Thus, control of a GPCR regarding space and time affects the specificity of the signals transduced by the receptor and the ultimate cellular response. The present chapter is focused on the signaling and trafficking pathways of MasR under physiological conditions and its participation in the pathogenesis of numerous brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Rukavina Mikusic
- From Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela M Gironacci
- From Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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26
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Concentrations of Transition Metal Ions in Rat Lungs after Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Treatment with His-Leu Dipeptide. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020628. [PMID: 36677686 PMCID: PMC9862342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is deleterious to the lungs because it exposes them to many toxic substances. These include transition metal ions, such as cadmium. However, there is a lack of information about the influence of endogenous metal-binding peptides, such as His-Leu (HL), on the lung distribution of transition metals in smokers. To address this, we administered HL subcutaneously to rats exposed to tobacco smoke for six weeks, then we measured the concentrations of transition metal ions in the lungs. We found that exposure to tobacco smoke elevates the concentrations of Cd(II) and Cu(II). Administration of the HL peptide, whose elevation is a consequence of angiotensin receptor blocker anti-hypertension therapy, increases the concentration of Fe in the lungs of rats exposed to smoke. These findings suggest that smoking is a risk factor for patients receiving angiotensin receptor blockers to treat hypertension.
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27
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Ushakov A, Ivanchenko V, Gagarina A. Heart Failure And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Neurohumoral, Histological And Molecular Interconnections. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e170622206132. [PMID: 35718961 PMCID: PMC10201898 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220617121144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global healthcare burden and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) appears to be one of the major risk factors that significantly worsen HF prognosis and increase the risk of fatal cardiovascular outcomes. Despite a great knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in HF development and progression, hospitalization rates in patients with HF and concomitant T2DM remain elevated. In this review, we discuss the complex interplay between systemic neurohumoral regulation and local cardiac mechanisms participating in myocardial remodeling and HF development in T2DM with special attention to cardiomyocyte energy metabolism, mitochondrial function and calcium metabolism, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death, extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ushakov
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - V. Ivanchenko
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - A. Gagarina
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
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Pruett JE, Romero DG, Yanes Cardozo LL. Obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications in polycystic ovary syndrome: The potential role of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:951099. [PMID: 36875461 PMCID: PMC9974663 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.951099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women. PCOS is characterized by androgen excess, oligo/anovulation, and polycystic appearance of the ovaries. Women with PCOS have an increased prevalence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors such as insulin resistance, hypertension, renal injury, and obesity. Unfortunately, there is a lack of effective, evidence-based pharmacotherapeutics to target these cardiometabolic complications. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors provide cardiovascular protection in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the exact mechanisms of how SGLT2 inhibitors confer cardiovascular protection remains unclear, numerous mechanistic hypotheses for this protection include modulation of the renin-angiotensin system and/or the sympathetic nervous system and improvement in mitochondrial function. Data from recent clinical trials and basic research show a potential role for SGLT2 inhibitors in treating obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications in PCOS. This narrative review discusses the mechanisms of the beneficial effect of SGLT2 inhibitors in cardiometabolic diseases in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Pruett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Damian G. Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Licy L. Yanes Cardozo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- *Correspondence: Licy L. Yanes Cardozo,
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Kopp W. Pathogenesis of (smoking-related) non-communicable diseases-Evidence for a common underlying pathophysiological pattern. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1037750. [PMID: 36589440 PMCID: PMC9798240 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1037750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases, like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and other more are a leading cause of death in almost all countries. Lifestyle factors, especially poor diet and tobacco consumption, are considered to be the most important influencing factors in the development of these diseases. The Western diet has been shown to cause a significant distortion of normal physiology, characterized by dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and immune system, as well as disruption of physiological insulin and oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis, all of which play critical roles in the development of these diseases. This paper addresses the question of whether the development of smoking-related non-communicable diseases follows the same pathophysiological pattern. The evidence presented shows that exposure to cigarette smoke and/or nicotine causes the same complex dysregulation of physiology as described above, it further shows that the factors involved are strongly interrelated, and that all of these factors play a key role in the development of a broad spectrum of smoking-related diseases. Since not all smokers develop one or more of these diseases, it is proposed that this disruption of normal physiological balance represents a kind of pathogenetic "basic toolkit" for the potential development of a range of non-communicable diseases, and that the decision of whether and what disease will develop in an individual is determined by other, individual factors ("determinants"), such as the genome, epigenome, exposome, microbiome, and others. The common pathophysiological pattern underlying these diseases may provide an explanation for the often poorly understood links between non-communicable diseases and disease comorbidities. The proposed pathophysiological process offers new insights into the development of non-communicable diseases and may influence the direction of future research in both prevention and therapy.
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Murad H, Ahmed O, Alqurashi T, Hussien M. Olmesartan medoxomil self-microemulsifying drug delivery system reverses apoptosis and improves cell adhesion in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2017-2028. [PMID: 35766160 PMCID: PMC9246205 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2086939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Olmesartan medoxomil (OM) is an angiotensin receptor blocker. This study aimed to investigate the effects of OM self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (OMS) in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute colitis in rats. Besides two control groups, five TNBS-colitic-treated groups (n = 8) were given orally sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg/day), low and high doses of OM (3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/day) (OML and OMH) and of OMS (OMSL and OMSH) for seven days. A colitis activity score was calculated. The colon was examined macroscopically. Colonic levels of myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde, and reduced glutathione were measured. Plasma and colonic olmesartan levels were measured. Colonic sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin, caspase-3, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Protein expression of E-cadherin, Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and cleaved caspase-3 by Western blot was done. TNBS-colitic rats showed increased colonic myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, IL-6, and malondialdehyde, decreased colonic glutathione, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and protein expression alterations. OMS, compared with OM, dose-dependently achieved higher colonic free olmesartan concentration, showed better anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects, improved intestinal barrier, and decreased mucolytic activity. OMS more effectively up-regulated the reduced Bcl-2, Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and E-cadherin expression, and down-regulated the overexpressed Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and MMP-9. OMSL exerted effects comparable to OMH. Sulfasalazine exerted maximal colonic protective effects and almost completely reversed colonic damage, and OMSH showed nearly similar effects with non-significant differences in-between or compared with the normal control group. In conclusion, OMS could be a potential additive treatment for Crohn's disease colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alqurashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Kluknavsky M, Micurova A, Cebova M, Şaman E, Cacanyiova S, Bernatova I. MLN-4760 Induces Oxidative Stress without Blood Pressure and Behavioural Alterations in SHRs: Roles of Nfe2l2 Gene, Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122385. [PMID: 36552591 PMCID: PMC9774314 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced angiotensin 1-7 bioavailability due to inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may contribute to increased mortality in hypertensive individuals during COVID-19. However, effects of ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760 in brain functions remain unknown. We investigated the selected behavioural and hemodynamic parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) after a 2-week s.c. infusion of MLN-4760 (dose 1 mg/kg/day). The biochemical and molecular effects of MLN-4760 were investigated in the brainstem and blood plasma. MLN-4760 had no effects on hemodynamic and behavioural parameters. However, MLN-4760 increased plasma hydrogen sulfide (H2S) level and total nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity and conjugated dienes in the brainstem. Increased NO synthase activity correlated positively with gene expression of Nos3 while plasma H2S levels correlated positively with gene expressions of H2S-producing enzymes Mpst, Cth and Cbs. MLN-4760 administration increased gene expression of Ace2, Sod1, Sod2, Gpx4 and Hmox1, which positively correlated with expression of Nfe2l2 gene encoding the redox-sensitive transcription factor NRF2. Collectively, MLN-4760 did not exacerbate pre-existing hypertension and behavioural hyperactivity/anxiety in SHRs. However, MLN-4760-induced oxidative damage in brainstem was associated with activation of NO- and H2S-mediated compensatory mechanisms and with increased gene expression of antioxidant, NO- and H2S-producing enzymes that all correlated positively with elevated Nfe2l2 expression.
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32
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Kilmister EJ, Koh SP, Weth FR, Gray C, Tan ST. Cancer Metastasis and Treatment Resistance: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112988. [PMID: 36428556 PMCID: PMC9687343 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and treatment resistance are the main causes of treatment failure and cancer-related deaths. Their underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated and have been attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs)-a small population of highly tumorigenic cancer cells with pluripotency and self-renewal properties, at the apex of a cellular hierarchy. CSCs drive metastasis and treatment resistance and are sustained by a dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Numerous pathways mediate communication between CSCs and/or the surrounding TME. These include a paracrine renin-angiotensin system and its convergent signaling pathways, the immune system, and other signaling pathways including the Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and Sonic Hedgehog pathways. Appreciation of the mechanisms underlying metastasis and treatment resistance, and the pathways that regulate CSCs and the TME, is essential for developing a durable treatment for cancer. Pre-clinical and clinical studies exploring single-point modulation of the pathways regulating CSCs and the surrounding TME, have yielded partial and sometimes negative results. This may be explained by the presence of uninhibited alternative signaling pathways. An effective treatment of cancer may require a multi-target strategy with multi-step inhibition of signaling pathways that regulate CSCs and the TME, in lieu of the long-standing pursuit of a 'silver-bullet' single-target approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina P. Koh
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Freya R. Weth
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Clint Gray
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Swee T. Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
- Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial & Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Xu JH, Bariciak E, Harrison MA, Broom M, Lemyre B, Webster RJ, Weiler G, Dahlstrom JE, Kent A. Normative values of renin and aldosterone in clinically stable preterm neonates. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 38:1877-1886. [PMID: 36409371 PMCID: PMC10154272 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of literature on the normative levels of plasma renin concentration (PRC) and serum aldosterone (SA) in premature neonates. This study aims to provide normative data on PRC and SA levels in preterm neonates in the first 2 weeks after birth and explore associations with maternal, perinatal, or postnatal factors. METHODS Neonates born at 26- to 34-week gestation were recruited from two neonatal intensive care units in Canada and Australia. The direct renin assay PRC and SA were analyzed on day 1 and days 14-21 after birth to compare across categorical variables and to produce normative values. RESULTS A total of 262 subjects were enrolled from the Canadian (29%) and Australian (71%) sites. The mean gestational age was 30 weeks, with a mean birth weight of 1457 g. The normative values of PRC and SA for neonates born between 26 + 0 and 29 + 6 weeks and 30 + 0 and 34 + 0 weeks of gestation were produced for day 1 and day 14-21 after birth. Both PRC and SA increased from day 1 to day 14-21. The more premature neonates reached a higher PRC on days 14-21 after birth but exhibited lower SA levels on day 1 after birth. When comparing gender, birth weight, and maternal risk factor categories, no statistical differences in PRC or SA were found. A small but significant decrease in PRC, but not SA, was noted for neonates with placental pathology. CONCLUSIONS This study produced normative values of PRA and SA in clinically stable preterm neonates that can be referenced for use in clinical practice. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Haiyang Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Erika Bariciak
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and The Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mary-Ann Harrison
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Margaret Broom
- Dept of Neonatology, Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra Hospital, ACT Australia, SYNERGY: Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, University of Canberra and ACT Health, ACT, Canberra, Australia
| | - Brigitte Lemyre
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and The Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Richard J Webster
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Weiler
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jane E Dahlstrom
- Dept of Anatomical Pathology, Canberra Hospital, ACT Australia, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alison Kent
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Esteves-Monteiro M, Menezes-Pinto D, Ferreira-Duarte M, Dias-Pereira P, Morato M, Duarte-Araújo M. Histomorphometry Changes and Decreased Reactivity to Angiotensin II in the Ileum and Colon of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13233. [PMID: 36362021 PMCID: PMC9656372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder associated with several gastrointestinal complications, affecting up to 75% of patients. Knowing that Angiotensin II (AngII) also regulates intestinal contraction, we decided to evaluate changes in ileum and colon histomorphometry and AngII reactivity in a rat model of DM. Streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg) was administered to induce DM to 24 adult male Wistar rats. Diabetic rats displayed all the characteristic signs of type 1 DM (T1DM) and fecal excretion increased about 4-fold over 14 days, while the excretion of controls remained unaltered. Compared to controls, diabetic ileum and colon presented an increase in both macroscopic (length, perimeter and weight) and microscopic (muscular wall thickness) parameters. Functionally, AngII-induced smooth muscle contraction was lower in diabetic rats, except in the distal colon. These differences in the contractile response to AngII may result from an imbalance between AngII type 1 (antagonized by candesartan, 10 nM) and type 2 receptors activation (antagonized by PD123319, 100 nM). Taken together, these results indicate that an early and refined STZ-induced T1DM rat model already shows structural remodelling of the gut wall and decreased contractile response to AngII, findings that may help to explain diabetic dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Esteves-Monteiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Menezes-Pinto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Ferreira-Duarte
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias-Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Morato
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Duarte-Araújo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Barbacena P, Dominguez-Cejudo M, Fonseca CG, Gómez-González M, Faure LM, Zarkada G, Pena A, Pezzarossa A, Ramalho D, Giarratano Y, Ouarné M, Barata D, Fortunato IC, Misikova LH, Mauldin I, Carvalho Y, Trepat X, Roca-Cusachs P, Eichmann A, Bernabeu MO, Franco CA. Competition for endothelial cell polarity drives vascular morphogenesis in the mouse retina. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2321-2333.e9. [PMID: 36220082 PMCID: PMC9552591 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Blood-vessel formation generates unique vascular patterns in each individual. The principles governing the apparent stochasticity of this process remain to be elucidated. Using mathematical methods, we find that the transition between two fundamental vascular morphogenetic programs-sprouting angiogenesis and vascular remodeling-is established by a shift of collective front-to-rear polarity of endothelial cells in the mouse retina. We demonstrate that the competition between biochemical (VEGFA) and mechanical (blood-flow-induced shear stress) cues controls this collective polarity shift. Shear stress increases tension at focal adhesions overriding VEGFA-driven collective polarization, which relies on tension at adherens junctions. We propose that vascular morphogenetic cues compete to regulate individual cell polarity and migration through tension shifts that translates into tissue-level emergent behaviors, ultimately leading to uniquely organized vascular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barbacena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Dominguez-Cejudo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina G Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Gómez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M Faure
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgia Zarkada
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andreia Pena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna Pezzarossa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Research, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ramalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ylenia Giarratano
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie Ouarné
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabela C Fortunato
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lenka Henao Misikova
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ian Mauldin
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yulia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Miguel O Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cláudio A Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Medical School, Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Hernández-Díazcouder A, González-Ramírez J, Sanchez F, Leija-Martínez JJ, Martínez-Coronilla G, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Sánchez-Muñoz F. Negative Effects of Chronic High Intake of Fructose on Lung Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194089. [PMID: 36235741 PMCID: PMC9571075 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the modern diet, excessive fructose intake (>50 g/day) had been driven by the increase, in recent decades, of the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. This phenomenon has dramatically increased within the Caribbean and Latin American regions. Epidemiological studies show that chronic high intake of fructose related to sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of developing several non-communicable diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, and may also contribute to the exacerbation of lung diseases, such as COVID-19. Evidence supports several mechanisms—such as dysregulation of the renin−angiotensin system, increased uric acid production, induction of aldose reductase activity, production of advanced glycation end-products, and activation of the mTORC1 pathway—that can be implicated in lung damage. This review addresses how these pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms may explain the lung damage resulting from high intake of fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier González-Ramírez
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus Mexicali, Mexicali 21100, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sanchez
- Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - José J. Leija-Martínez
- Master and Doctorate Program in Medical, Dental, and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Martínez-Coronilla
- Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus Mexicali, Mexicali 21100, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5573-2911 (ext. 21310)
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Egan BM, Scharf A, Pohl F, Kornfeld K. Control of aging by the renin–angiotensin system: a review of C. elegans, Drosophila, and mammals. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:938650. [PMID: 36188619 PMCID: PMC9518657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.938650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The free-living, non-parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a premier model organism for the study of aging and longevity due to its short lifespan, powerful genetic tools, and conservation of fundamental mechanisms with mammals. Approximately 70 percent of human genes have homologs in C. elegans, including many that encode proteins in pathways that influence aging. Numerous genetic pathways have been identified in C. elegans that affect lifespan, including the dietary restriction pathway, the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway, and the disruption of components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. C. elegans is also a powerful system for performing drug screens, and many lifespan-extending compounds have been reported; notably, several FDA-approved medications extend the lifespan in C. elegans, raising the possibility that they can also extend the lifespan in humans. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in mammals is an endocrine system that regulates blood pressure and a paracrine system that acts in a wide range of tissues to control physiological processes; it is a popular target for drugs that reduce blood pressure, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Emerging evidence indicates that this system influences aging. In C. elegans, decreasing the activity of the ACE homolog acn-1 or treatment with the ACE-inhibitor Captopril significantly extends the lifespan. In Drosophila, treatment with ACE inhibitors extends the lifespan. In rodents, manipulating the RAS with genetic or pharmacological interventions can extend the lifespan. In humans, polymorphisms in the ACE gene are associated with extreme longevity. These results suggest the RAS plays a conserved role in controlling longevity. Here, we review studies of the RAS and aging, emphasizing the potential of C. elegans as a model for understanding the mechanism of lifespan control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Egan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrea Scharf
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Franziska Pohl
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kerry Kornfeld
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Kerry Kornfeld,
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Highlights of mechanisms and treatment of obesity-related hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2022; 36:785-793. [PMID: 35001082 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased two to three times from 1975 to 2015. Large-scale epidemiological and longitudinal prospective studies link obesity with hypertension. Research suggests that excessive weight gain, particularly when associated with visceral adiposity, may account for as much as 65% to 75% of the risk of incident hypertension. Also, exercise and bariatric/metabolic surgery significantly lowers blood pressure, whereas weight gain increases blood pressure, thus establishing a firm link between these two factors. The mechanisms underpinning obesity-related hypertension are complex and multifaceted, and include, but are not limited to, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system/sympathetic nervous system overactivation, overstimulation of adipokines, insulin resistance, immune dysfunction, structural/functional renal, cardiac, and adipocyte changes. Though weight loss is the mainstay of treatment for obesity-related hypertension, it is often not a feasible long-term solution. Therefore, it is recommended that aggressive treatment with multiple antihypertensive medications combined with diet and exercise be used to lower blood pressure and prevent complications. The research regarding the mechanisms and treatment of obesity-related hypertension has moved at a blistering pace over the past ten years. Therefore, the purpose of this expert review is two-fold: to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying obesity-related hypertension, and to revisit pharmacotherapies that have been shown to be efficacious in patients with obesity-related hypertension.
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Yasari F, Akbarian M, Abedini A, Vasheghani M. The role of electrolyte imbalances in predicting the severity of COVID-19 in the hospitalized patients: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14732. [PMID: 36042344 PMCID: PMC9424795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be fatal in severe cases. Accordingly, predicting the severity and prognosis of the disease is valuable. This study examined the role of electrolyte imbalances in predicting the severity of COVID-19. In this cross-sectional study, 169 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included and categorized into three groups based on the severity of the disease (moderate, severe, and critical). Serum levels of electrolytes (calcium [Ca], phosphorus [P], sodium [Na], potassium [k], and magnesium [Mg]), inflammatory markers (D-dimer, C-reactive protein [CRP], ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), and 25OHVitamin D were measured. The mean age of patients was 53 years, and 54% were male. They had moderate, severe, and critical illnesses in 22%, 47%, and 31%, respectively. CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin increased with the severity of the disease. The lower median values of Mg, Na, 25OHVitamin D, Ca, LDH, and higher median lymphocyte counts were observed in the moderate vs. the severe group (P < 0.05). These parameters have acceptable sensitivity and specificity at the suggested cut-off level to discriminate the moderate and critical cases. Serum parameters introduced in this study are appropriate for differentiating between critical and moderate cases. The electrolyte imbalance can predict critical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yasari
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Darabad Avenue, Shahid Bahonar Roundabout, Tehran, 1956944413, Iran
| | - Meshkat Akbarian
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Abedini
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Darabad Avenue, Shahid Bahonar Roundabout, Tehran, 1956944413, Iran
| | - Maryam Vasheghani
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Darabad Avenue, Shahid Bahonar Roundabout, Tehran, 1956944413, Iran.
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Renin-a in the Subfornical Organ Plays a Critical Role in the Maintenance of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091169. [PMID: 36139008 PMCID: PMC9496084 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain renin-angiotensin system plays important roles in blood pressure and cardiovascular regulation. There are two isoforms of prorenin in the brain: the classic secreted form (prorenin/sREN) encoded by renin-a, and an intracellular form (icREN) encoded by renin-b. Emerging evidence indicates the importance of renin-b in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation. However, the role of endogenous brain prorenin in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension remains undefined. In this study, we test the hypothesis that renin-a produced locally in the brain contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Using RNAscope, we report for the first time that renin mRNA is expressed in several regions of the brain, including the subfornical organ (SFO), the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), and the brainstem, where it is found in glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons. Notably, we found that renin mRNA was significantly elevated in the SFO and PVN in a mouse model of DOCA-salt–induced hypertension. To examine the functional importance of renin-a in the SFO, we selectively ablated renin-a in the SFO in renin-a–floxed mice using a Cre-lox strategy. Importantly, renin-a ablation in the SFO attenuated the maintenance of DOCA-salt–induced hypertension and improved autonomic function without affecting fluid or sodium intake. Molecularly, ablation of renin-a prevented the DOCA-salt–induced elevation in NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in the SFO without affecting NOX4 or angiotensin II type 1 and 2 receptors. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that endogenous renin-a within the SFO is important for the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Renin-angiotensin system in normal pregnancy and in preeclampsia: A comprehensive review. Pregnancy Hypertens 2022; 28:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Haidar MA, Shakkour Z, Reslan MA, Al-Haj N, Chamoun P, Habashy K, Kaafarani H, Shahjouei S, Farran SH, Shaito A, Saba ES, Badran B, Sabra M, Kobeissy F, Bizri M. SARS-CoV-2 involvement in central nervous system tissue damage. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1228-1239. [PMID: 34782556 PMCID: PMC8643043 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread globally, it became evident that the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects multiple organs including the brain. Several clinical studies revealed that patients with COVID-19 infection experience an array of neurological signs ranging in severity from headaches to life-threatening strokes. Although the exact mechanism by which the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly impacts the brain is not fully understood, several theories have been suggested including direct and indirect pathways induced by the virus. One possible theory is the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 to the brain occurs either through the bloodstream or via the nerve endings which is considered to be the direct route. Such findings are based on studies reporting the presence of viral material in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells. Nevertheless, the indirect mechanisms, including blood-clotting abnormalities and prolonged activation of the immune system, can result in further tissue and organ damages seen during the course of the disease. This overview attempts to give a thorough insight into SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus neurological infection and highlights the possible mechanisms leading to the neurological manifestations observed in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Haidar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zaynab Shakkour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Amine Reslan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Al-Haj
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Perla Chamoun
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon
| | - Karl Habashy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Shima Shahjouei
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah H. Farran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Esber S. Saba
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Sabra
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Neuroscience Institute, Neurology Department, Geisinger Health System, PA, USA
| | - Maya Bizri
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Kilmister EJ, Tan ST. Insights Into Vascular Anomalies, Cancer, and Fibroproliferative Conditions: The Role of Stem Cells and the Renin-Angiotensin System. Front Surg 2022; 9:868187. [PMID: 35574555 PMCID: PMC9091963 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.868187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells exhibiting embryonic stem cell (ESC) characteristics have been demonstrated in vascular anomalies (VAs), cancer, and fibroproliferative conditions, which are commonly managed by plastic surgeons and remain largely unsolved. The efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus, and targeted therapies that block the Ras/BRAF/MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3KCA/AKT/mTOR pathways in many types of cancer and VAs, further supports the critical role of ESC-like cells in the pathogenesis of these conditions. ESC-like cells in VAs, cancer, and fibroproliferative conditions express components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) – a homeostatic endocrine signaling cascade that regulates cells with ESC characteristics. ESC-like cells are influenced by the Ras/BRAF/MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3KCA/AKT/mTOR pathways, which directly regulate cellular proliferation and stemness, and interact with the RAS at multiple points. Gain-of-function mutations affecting these pathways have been identified in many types of cancer and VAs, that have been treated with targeted therapies with some success. In cancer, the RAS promotes tumor progression, treatment resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. The RAS modulates cellular invasion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. It also indirectly regulates ESC-like cells via its direct influence on the tissue microenvironment and by its interaction with the immune system. In vitro studies show that RAS inhibition suppresses the hallmarks of cancer in different experimental models. Numerous epidemiological studies show a reduced incidence of cancer and improved survival outcomes in patients taking RAS inhibitors, although some studies have shown no such effect. The discovery of ESC-like cells that express RAS components in infantile hemangioma (IH) underscores the paradigm shift in the understanding of its programmed biologic behavior and accelerated involution induced by β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The findings of SOX18 inhibition by R-propranolol suggests the possibility of targeting ESC-like cells in IH without β-adrenergic blockade, and its associated side effects. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge of ESC-like cells and the RAS in VAs, cancer, and fibroproliferative conditions. It also highlights new lines of research and potential novel therapeutic approaches for these unsolved problems in plastic surgery, by targeting the ESC-like cells through manipulation of the RAS, its bypass loops and converging signaling pathways using existing low-cost, commonly available, and safe oral medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swee T. Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
- Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial & Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Swee T. Tan
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Ghosh A, Joseph B, Anil S. Nitric Oxide in the Management of Respiratory Consequences in COVID-19: A Scoping Review of a Different Treatment Approach. Cureus 2022; 14:e23852. [PMID: 35530860 PMCID: PMC9072273 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causing COVID-19 significantly affects the respiratory functions of infected individuals by massively disrupting the pulmonary oxygenation and activating the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, inducing severe oxidative stress, enhanced vascular permeability, and endothelial dysfunction which have rendered researchers and clinicians to depend on prophylactic treatment due to the unavailability of proper disease management approaches. Previous studies have indicated that nitric oxide (NO) application appears to be significant concerning the antiviral activities, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties in relieving disease-related symptoms. To identify, explore, and map the literature on the role of nitric oxide in the management of respiratory consequences in COVID-19 through this scoping review, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed during the search to answer the focal question: "What are the potential uses of nitric oxide in the management of respiratory failure in COVID-19?" Administering exogenous NO in the form of inhaled gas or stimulating the system to produce NO appears to be a suitable option to manage COVID-19-induced pneumonia and respiratory illness. This treatment modality seems to attenuate respiratory distress among patients suffering from severe infections or patients with comorbidities. Exogenous NO at different doses effectively reduces systemic hyperinflammation and oxidative stress, improves arterial oxygenation, and restores pulmonary alveolar cellular integrity to prevent the lungs and other organs from further damage. This therapy could pave the way for better management of COVID-19 before the onset of disease-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunibha Ghosh
- Neurosciences, S.N.Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, IND
| | | | - Sukumaran Anil
- Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.,Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
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Angiotensin II Type I Receptor (AT1R): The Gate towards COVID-19-Associated Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072048. [PMID: 35408447 PMCID: PMC9000463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein to its cellular receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), causes its downregulation, which subsequently leads to the dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in favor of the ACE-angiotensin II (Ang II)-angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) axis. AT1R has a major role in RAS by being involved in several physiological events including blood pressure control and electrolyte balance. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, pathogenic episodes generated by the vasoconstriction, proinflammatory, profibrotic, and prooxidative consequences of the Ang II-AT1R axis activation are accompanied by a hyperinflammatory state (cytokine storm) and an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). AT1R, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, modulates Ang II deleterious effects through the activation of multiple downstream signaling pathways, among which are MAP kinases (ERK 1/2, JNK, p38MAPK), receptor tyrosine kinases (PDGF, EGFR, insulin receptor), and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (Src, JAK/STAT, focal adhesion kinase (FAK)), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. COVID-19 is well known for generating respiratory symptoms, but because ACE2 is expressed in various body tissues, several extrapulmonary pathologies are also manifested, including neurologic disorders, vasculature and myocardial complications, kidney injury, gastrointestinal symptoms, hepatic injury, hyperglycemia, and dermatologic complications. Therefore, the development of drugs based on RAS blockers, such as angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), that inhibit the damaging axis of the RAS cascade may become one of the most promising approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 in the near future. We herein review the general features of AT1R, with a special focus on the receptor-mediated activation of the different downstream signaling pathways leading to specific cellular responses. In addition, we provide the latest insights into the roles of AT1R in COVID-19 outcomes in different systems of the human body, as well as the role of ARBs as tentative pharmacological agents to treat COVID-19.
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Thomas A, Farah K, Millis RM. Epigenetic Influences on Wound Healing and Hypertrophic-Keloid Scarring: A Review for Basic Scientists and Clinicians. Cureus 2022; 14:e23503. [PMID: 35371887 PMCID: PMC8958133 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary care physicians and dermatologists are challenged by patients affected by keloid or hypertrophic scarring resulting from accidental wounding, surgical incisions, tattooing, or “branding” procedures to demonstrate their association with a specific culture, fraternity, or cult. The dysregulated wound healing associated with keloids and hypertrophic scarring adversely affects genetically susceptible individuals, especially persons of color with Fitzpatrick Skin types IV-VI. Although the specific mechanisms of bulky hypertrophic/keloid scarring and its association with oxidative stress and inflammation remain unclear, the current knowledge base is sufficient to provide some guidance to health practitioners who must serve, treat, and counsel affected individuals. This review focuses on providing insight to healthcare professionals about the role of epigenetics, oxidative stress, poor local oxygenation, and its relationship to impaired wound healing. The goal is to promote further research on bulky hypertrophic and keloid scarring for its prevention and to develop evidence-based clinical guidelines for optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Thomas
- Pathophysiology, American University of Antigua, Coolidge, ATG
| | - Kanith Farah
- Pathophysiology, American University of Antigua, Coolidge, ATG
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Stanley JC. Renal Artery Occlusive Disease, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone, Inflammation and Refractory Arterial Hypertension, A Half-Century’s Perspective. J Vasc Surg 2022; 76:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wu H, Sun Q, Yuan S, Wang J, Li F, Gao H, Chen X, Yang R, Xu J. AT1 Receptors: Their Actions from Hypertension to Cognitive Impairment. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:311-325. [PMID: 35211833 PMCID: PMC8868040 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular disorders worldwide, affecting 1.13 billion people, or 14% of the global population. Hypertension is the single biggest risk factor for cerebrovascular dysfunction. According to the American Heart Association, high blood pressure (BP), especially in middle-aged individuals (~ 40 to 60 years old), is associated with an increased risk of dementia, later in life. Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular disease are the two leading causes of dementia, accounting for around 80% of the total cases and usually combining mixed pathologies from both. Little is known regarding how hypertension affects cognitive function, so the impact of its treatment on cognitive impairment has been difficult to assess. The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is essential for BP regulation and overactivity of this system has been established to precede the development and maintenance of hypertension. Angiotensin II (Ang-II), the main peptide within this system, induces vasoconstriction and impairs neuro-vascular coupling by acting on brain Ang-II type 1 receptors (AT1R). In this review, we systemically analyzed the association between RAS and biological mechanisms of cognitive impairment, from the perspective of AT1R located in the central nervous system. Additionally, the possible contribution of brain AT1R to global cognition decline in COVID-19 cases will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxue Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qi Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shenglan Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Fanni Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hongli Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Diabetes, heart damage, and angiotensin II. What is the relationship link between them? A minireview. Endocr Regul 2022; 56:55-65. [PMID: 35180818 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the diabetic patients, in whom changes in myocardial structure and function have been described. Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed that could contribute to the development of a cardiac damage. In this regard, angiotensin II (Ang II), a proinflammatory peptide that constitutes the main effector of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has taken a relevant role. The aim of this review was to analyze the role of Ang II in the different biochemical pathways that could be involved in the development of cardiovascular damage during diabetes. We performed an exhaustive review in the main databases, using the following terms: angiotensin II, cardiovascular damage, renin angiotensin system, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. Classically, the RAS has been defined as a complex system of enzymes, receptors, and peptides that help control the blood pressure and the fluid homeostasis. However, in recent years, this concept has undergone substantial changes. Although this system has been known for decades, recent discoveries in cellular and molecular biology, as well as cardiovascular physiology, have introduced a better understanding of its function and relationship to the development of the diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Role and Mechanism of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the Onset and Development of Cardiorenal Syndrome. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2022; 2022:3239057. [PMID: 35111237 PMCID: PMC8803448 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3239057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), a clinical syndrome involving multiple pathological mechanisms, exhibits high morbidity and mortality. According to the primary activity of the disease, CRS can be divided into cardiorenal syndrome (type I and type II), renal heart syndrome (type III and type IV), and secondary heart and kidney disease (type V). The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important humoral regulatory system of the body that exists widely in various tissues and organs. As a compensatory mechanism, the RAAS is typically activated to participate in the regulation of target organ function. RAAS activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of CRS. The RAAS induces the onset and development of CRS by mediating oxidative stress, uremic toxin overload, and asymmetric dimethylarginine production. Research on the mechanism of RAAS-induced CRS can provide multiple intervention methods that are of great significance for reducing end-stage organ damage and further improving the quality of life of patients with CRS.
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