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Farkas GJ, Berg AS, Sneij A, Dolbow DR, Gorgey AS, Gater DR. The comparison of total energy and protein intake relative to estimated requirements in chronic spinal cord injury. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:489-499. [PMID: 37726106 PMCID: PMC10843126 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
In chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), individuals experience dietary inadequacies complicated by an understudied research area. Our objectives were to assess (1) the agreement between methods of estimating energy requirement (EER) and estimated energy intake (EEI) and (2) whether dietary protein intake met SCI-specific protein guidelines. Persons with chronic SCI (n = 43) completed 3-day food records to assess EEI and dietary protein intake. EER was determined with the Long and Institute of Medicine (IOM) methods and the SCI-specific Farkas method. Protein requirements were calculated as 0·8-1·0 g/kg of body weight (BW)/d. Reporting accuracy and bias were calculated and correlated to body composition. Compared with IOM and Long methods (P < 0·05), the SCI-specific method did not overestimate the EEI (P = 0·200). Reporting accuracy and bias were best for SCI-specific (98·9 %, -1·12 %) compared with Long (94·8 %, -5·24 %) and IOM (64·1 %, -35·4 %) methods. BW (r = -0·403), BMI (r = -0·323) and total fat mass (r = -0·346) correlated with the IOM reporting bias (all, P < 0·05). BW correlated with the SCI-specific and Long reporting bias (r = -0·313, P = 0·041). Seven (16 %) participants met BW-specific protein guidelines. The regression of dietary protein intake on BW demonstrated no association between the variables (β = 0·067, P = 0·730). In contrast, for every 1 kg increase in BW, the delta between total and required protein intake decreased by 0·833 g (P = 0·0001). The SCI-specific method for EER had the best agreement with the EEI. Protein intake decreased with increasing BW, contrary to protein requirements for chronic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Farkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Arthur S. Berg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alicia Sneij
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David R. Dolbow
- Department of Physical Therapy, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Ashraf S. Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David R. Gater
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Farkas GJ, Cunningham PM, Sneij AM, Hayes JE, Nash MS, Berg AS, Gater DR, Rolls BJ. Reasons for meal termination, eating frequency, and typical meal context differ between persons with and without a spinal cord injury. Appetite 2024; 192:107110. [PMID: 37939729 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Overeating associated with neurogenic obesity after spinal cord injury (SCI) may be related to how persons with SCI experience satiation (processes leading to meal termination), their eating frequency, and the context in which they eat their meals. In an online, cross-sectional study, adults with (n = 688) and without (Controls; n = 420) SCI completed the Reasons Individuals Stop Eating Questionnaire-15 (RISE-Q-15), which measures individual differences in the experience of factors contributing to meal termination on five scales: Physical Satisfaction, Planned Amount, Decreased Food Appeal, Self-Consciousness, and Decreased Priority of Eating. Participants also reported weekly meal and snack frequency and who prepares, serves, and eats dinner with them at a typical dinner meal. Analysis revealed that while Physical Satisfaction, Planned Amount, and Decreased Food Appeal were reported as the most frequent drivers of meal termination in both groups, scores for the RISE-Q-15 scales differed across the groups. Compared to Controls, persons with SCI reported Physical Satisfaction and Planned Amount as drivers of meal termination less frequently, and Decreased Food Appeal and Decreased Priority of Eating more frequently (all p < 0.001). This suggests that persons with SCI rely less on physiological satiation cues for meal termination than Controls and instead rely more on hedonic cues. Compared to Controls, persons with SCI less frequently reported preparing and serving dinner meals and less frequently reported eating alone (all p < 0.001), indicating differences in meal contexts between groups. Individuals with SCI reported consuming fewer meals than Controls but reported a higher overall eating frequency due to increased snacking (p ≤ 0.015). A decrease in the experience of physical fullness, along with a dependence on a communal meal context and frequent snacking, likely contribute to overeating associated with neurogenic obesity after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Farkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Paige M Cunningham
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alicia M Sneij
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John E Hayes
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mark S Nash
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Arthur S Berg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David R Gater
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Farkas GJ, Caldera LJ, Nash MS. Assessing the efficacy of duration and intensity prescription for physical activity in mitigating cardiometabolic risk after spinal cord injury. Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:531-540. [PMID: 37865846 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Spinal cord injury (SCI) heightens susceptibility to cardiometabolic risk (CMR), predisposing individuals to cardiovascular disease. This monograph aims to assess the optimal duration and intensity of physical activity (PA) for managing CMR factors, particularly obesity, after SCI and provide modality-specific PA durations for optimal energy expenditure. RECENT FINDINGS PA guidelines recommend at least 150 min/week of moderate-intensity activity. However, non-SCI literature supports the effectiveness of engaging in vigorous-intensity PA (≥6 METs) and dedicating 250-300 min/week (≈2000 kcal/week) to reduce CMR factors. Engaging in this volume of PA has shown a dose-response relationship, wherein increased activity results in decreased obesity and other CMR factors in persons without SCI. SUMMARY To optimize cardiometabolic health, individuals with SCI require a longer duration and higher intensity of PA to achieve energy expenditures comparable to individuals without SCI. Therefore, individuals with SCI who can engage in or approach vigorous-intensity PA should prioritize doing so for at least 150 min/wk. At the same time, those unable to reach such intensities should engage in at least 250-300 min/week of PA at a challenging yet comfortable intensity, aiming to achieve an optimal intensity level based on their abilities. Given the potential to decrease CMR after SCI, increasing PA duration and intensity merits careful consideration in future SCI PA directives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Farkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
| | - Lizeth J Caldera
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
| | - Mark S Nash
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Haș IM, Tit DM, Bungau SG, Pavel FM, Teleky BE, Vodnar DC, Vesa CM. Cardiometabolic Risk: Characteristics of the Intestinal Microbiome and the Role of Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13757. [PMID: 37762062 PMCID: PMC10531333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases like hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and obesity have been associated with changes in the gut microbiota structure, or dysbiosis. The beneficial effect of polyphenols on reducing the incidence of this chronic disease has been confirmed by numerous studies. Polyphenols are primarily known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but they can also modify the gut microbiota. According to recent research, polyphenols positively influence the gut microbiota, which regulates metabolic responses and reduces systemic inflammation. This review emphasizes the prebiotic role of polyphenols and their impact on specific gut microbiota components in patients at cardiometabolic risk. It also analyzes the most recent research on the positive effects of polyphenols on cardiometabolic health. While numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the interaction involving polyphenols and gut microbiota, additional clinical investigations are required to assess this effect in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mariana Haș
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (I.M.H.); (F.M.P.); (C.M.V.)
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (I.M.H.); (F.M.P.); (C.M.V.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (I.M.H.); (F.M.P.); (C.M.V.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Flavia Maria Pavel
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (I.M.H.); (F.M.P.); (C.M.V.)
| | - Bernadette-Emoke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.-E.T.); (D.C.V.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.-E.T.); (D.C.V.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (I.M.H.); (F.M.P.); (C.M.V.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Kimball AL, Petrie MA, McCue PM, Johnson KA, Shields RK. Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Visceral Adipose Tissue Thickness among Lean and Non-Lean People with and without Spinal Cord Injury. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:123. [PMID: 37606417 PMCID: PMC10443282 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple adaptations occur that influence metabolic health and life quality. Prolonged sitting and inactivity predispose people with SCI to body composition changes, such as increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness, which is often associated with impaired glucose tolerance. Our goal is to understand whether VAT is an index of leanness, and, secondarily, whether mobility methods influence glucose tolerance for people living with SCI. A total of 15 people with SCI and 20 people without SCI had fasting oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and VAT thickness (leanness) measured during a single session. Glucose was 51% and 67% greater for individuals with SCI relative to those without SCI after 60 and 120 min of an OGTT (p < 0.001). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was 28%, 34%, and 60% higher for non-lean people with SCI than lean people with SCI and non-lean and lean people without SCI, respectively (p = 0.05, p = 0.009, p < 0.001). VAT was associated with glucose AUC (R2 = 0.23, p = 0.004). Taken together, these findings suggest that leanness, as estimated from VAT, may be an important consideration when developing rehabilitation programs to influence metabolism among people with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard K. Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.L.K.); (M.A.P.); (P.M.M.); (K.A.J.)
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Araneda OF, Rosales-Antequera C, Contreras-Briceño F, Tuesta M, Rossi-Serrano R, Magalhães J, Viscor G. Systemic and Pulmonary Inflammation/Oxidative Damage: Implications of General and Respiratory Muscle Training in Chronic Spinal-Cord-Injured Patients. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:828. [PMID: 37372113 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic spinal cord injury affects several respiratory-function-related parameters, such as a decrease in respiratory volumes associated with weakness and a tendency to fibrosis of the perithoracic muscles, a predominance of vagal over sympathetic action inducing airway obstructions, and a difficulty in mobilizing secretions. Altogether, these changes result in both restrictive and obstructive patterns. Moreover, low pulmonary ventilation and reduced cardiovascular system functionality (low venous return and right stroke volume) will hinder adequate alveolar recruitment and low O2 diffusion, leading to a drop in peak physical performance. In addition to the functional effects described above, systemic and localized effects on this organ chronically increase oxidative damage and tissue inflammation. This narrative review describes both the deleterious effects of chronic spinal cord injury on the functional effects of the respiratory system as well as the role of oxidative damage/inflammation in this clinical context. In addition, the evidence for the effect of general and respiratory muscular training on the skeletal muscle as a possible preventive and treatment strategy for both functional effects and underlying tissue mechanisms is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar F Araneda
- Integrative Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology of Effort (LIBFE), Kinesiology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo, Las Condes, Santiago 12455, Chile
| | - Cristián Rosales-Antequera
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe Contreras-Briceño
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Marcelo Tuesta
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Rafael Rossi-Serrano
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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McMillan DW, Bigford GE, Farkas GJ. The Physiology of Neurogenic Obesity: Lessons from Spinal Cord Injury Research. Obes Facts 2023; 16:313-325. [PMID: 37231872 PMCID: PMC10427964 DOI: 10.1159/000530888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A spinal cord injury (SCI) from trauma or disease impairs sensorimotor pathways in somatic and autonomic divisions of the nervous system, affecting multiple body systems. Improved medical practices have increased survivability and life expectancy after SCI, allowing for the development of extensive metabolic comorbidities and profound changes in body composition that culminate in prevalent obesity. SUMMARY Obesity is the most common cardiometabolic component risk in people living with SCI, with a diagnostic body mass index cutoff of 22 kg/m2 to account for a phenotype of high adiposity and low lean mass. The metameric organization of specific divisions of the nervous system results in level-dependent pathology, with resulting sympathetic decentralization altering physiological functions such as lipolysis, hepatic lipoprotein metabolism, dietary fat absorption, and neuroendocrine signaling. In this manner, SCI provides a unique opportunity to study in vivo the "neurogenic" components of certain pathologies that otherwise are not readily observable in other populations. We discuss the unique physiology of neurogenic obesity after SCI, including the altered functions mentioned above as well as structural changes such as reduced skeletal muscle and bone mass and increased lipid deposition in the adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, bone marrow, and liver. KEY MESSAGE The study of neurogenic obesity after SCI gives us a unique neurological perspective on the physiology of obesity. The lessons learned from this field can guide future research and advancements to inform the study of obesity in persons with and without SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. McMillan
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis at UHealth/Jackson Memorial, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gregory E. Bigford
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis at UHealth/Jackson Memorial, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gary J. Farkas
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis at UHealth/Jackson Memorial, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Dolbow DR, Gorgey AS, Johnston TE, Bersch I. Electrical Stimulation Exercise for People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Healthcare Provider Perspective. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093150. [PMID: 37176591 PMCID: PMC10179213 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation exercise has become an important modality to help improve the mobility and health of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Electrical stimulation is used to stimulate peripheral nerves in the extremities to assist with muscle strengthening or functional activities such as cycling, rowing, and walking. Electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerves in the upper extremities has become a valuable tool for predicting the risk of hand deformities and rehabilitating functional grasping activities. The purpose of this paper is to provide healthcare providers perspective regarding the many rehabilitation uses of electrical stimulation in diagnosing and treating individuals with SCI. Electrical stimulation has been shown to improve functional mobility and overall health, decrease spasticity, decrease the risk of cardiometabolic conditions associated with inactivity, and assist in the diagnosis/prognosis of hand deformities in those with tetraplegia. Studies involving non-invasive stimulation of the spinal nerves via external electrodes aligned with the spinal cord and more invasive stimulation of electrodes implanted in the epidural lining of the spinal cord have demonstrated improvements in the ability to stand and enhanced the stepping pattern during ambulation. Evidence is also available to educate healthcare professionals in using functional electrical stimulation to reduce muscle spasticity and to recognize limitations and barriers to exercise compliance in those with SCI. Further investigation is required to optimize the dose-response relationship between electrical stimulation activities and the mobility and healthcare goals of those with SCI and their healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Dolbow
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS 39401, USA
| | - Ashraf S Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
- College of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Therese E Johnston
- Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA 19038, USA
| | - Ines Bersch
- International FES Centre®, Swiss Paraplegic Center, CH-6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
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Wuyt AK, Nguelefack-Mbuyo EP, Fofié CK, Nguelefack TB. The methanol extract of Ceiba pentandra reverses monosodium glutamate-induced cardiometabolic syndrome in rats via the regulation of dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin sensitization. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13689. [PMID: 36865446 PMCID: PMC9971185 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic effects of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Ceiba pentandra (Cp) have been demonstrated in various experimental models. Besides, this extract is rich in 8-formyl-7-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-naphthaquinone, 2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenol and vavain. However, it remains unknown whether Cp can mitigate cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). The present study assessed the curative properties of Cp against Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)-induced CMS in rats. Male neonate Wistar rats were intraperitoneally administered with MSG (4 mg/g/day) during the first 5 days of life (postnatal days 2-6). They were kept under standard breeding conditions up to 5 months of age for the development of CMS. Diseased animals were then orally treated with atorvastatin (80 mg/kg/d) or Cp (75 and 150 mg/kg/day) for 28 days during which food intake, body mass, blood pressure, heart rate, glucose, and insulin tolerance were monitored. Plasma and tissues were collected on day 29th to assess the lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters. The histomorphology of the adipose tissue was also evaluated. Cp significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the obesogenic and lipid profiles, adipocyte size, blood pressure, and oxidative and inflammatory status in MSG-treated rats. Cp also ameliorated glucose (p < 0.05) and insulin sensitivities (p < 0.001) hence, reducing animals' cardiometabolic risk score (p < 0.001). The curative effect of Cp on cardiometabolic syndrome is related to its capacity to reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and increase insulin sensitivity. These results demonstrate the potential of Cp as a good candidate for alternative treatment of CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline K. Wuyt
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Elvine P. Nguelefack-Mbuyo
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Christian K. Fofié
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Télesphore B. Nguelefack
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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