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Rudokas MW, McKay M, Toksoy Z, Eisen JN, Bögner M, Young LH, Akar FG. Mitochondrial network remodeling of the diabetic heart: implications to ischemia related cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:261. [PMID: 39026280 PMCID: PMC11264840 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in cellular energy metabolism, and their dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related cardiac pathophysiology, including vulnerability to ischemic events that culminate in myocardial infarction on the one hand and ventricular arrhythmias on the other. In diabetes, hyperglycemia and altered metabolic substrates lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria, initiating a cascade of oxidative stress that damages mitochondrial DNA, proteins, and lipids. This mitochondrial injury compromises the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, leading to impaired ATP production. The resulting energy deficit and oxidative damage contribute to functional abnormalities in cardiac cells, placing the heart at an increased risk of electromechanical dysfunction and irreversible cell death in response to ischemic insults. While cardiac mitochondria are often considered to be relatively autonomous entities in their capacity to produce energy and ROS, their highly dynamic nature within an elaborate network of closely-coupled organelles that occupies 30-40% of the cardiomyocyte volume is fundamental to their ability to exert intricate regulation over global cardiac function. In this article, we review evidence linking the dynamic properties of the mitochondrial network to overall cardiac function and its response to injury. We then highlight select studies linking mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations driven by changes in mitochondrial fission, fusion and mitophagy in promoting cardiac ischemic injury to the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Rudokas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Margaret McKay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University Schools of Engineering and Applied Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zeren Toksoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia N Eisen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Markus Bögner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lawrence H Young
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fadi G Akar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University Schools of Engineering and Applied Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Electro-biology and Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, Yale University Schools of Medicine, Engineering and Applied Sciences, 300 George Street, 793 - 748C, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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2
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Shen Q, Cintron SA, Pierce JD. Platelet and Leukocyte Mitochondrial Function With Cardiac Function and Self-Reported Health Status Among Obese Patients With Heart Failure. Nurs Res 2024; 73:294-303. [PMID: 38905622 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of heart failure (HF), including HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Impaired mitochondrial function negatively affects cardiac function and, subsequently, the health status of patients. However, measuring mitochondrial function in human myocytes is difficult because of the high risk associated with myocardial biopsy. Platelets and leukocytes have functional mitochondria and can potentially serve as a surrogate for myocardial mitochondria. Roles of platelet and leukocyte mitochondrial function in HF have not yet been fully explored. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the relationships of platelet and leukocyte mitochondrial function with cardiac function and self-reported health status among obese patients with HF and examine if the relationships vary between HFrEF and HFpEF. METHODS Forty-five obese patients with HF were recruited. Maximal enzymatic activities (Vmax) of platelet cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and citrate synthase (CS) were assessed. Leukocyte mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, superoxide production, and apoptosis were measured in a subset of the sample. Data on cardiac function were retrieved from electronic health records. Self-reported health status was assessed using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Pearson correlations were performed. RESULTS Platelet COX Vmax was negatively correlated with left ventricular end-systolic diameter. Positive correlations of leukocyte mitochondrial mass and superoxide production with left ventricular mass and mass index were observed, respectively. Leukocyte mitochondrial mass and superoxide production also negatively correlated with KCCQ summary scores. These relationships varied between HFrEF and HFpEF. DISCUSSION Platelet and leukocyte mitochondrial function was found to significantly correlate with some echocardiographic parameters and KCCQ scores. These findings provided preliminary data to support future research to further explore the potential of using platelets and leukocytes as surrogate biomarkers. Identifying easy-accessible mitochondrial biomarkers will be useful for assessing mitochondrial function to assist with early diagnosis and monitoring the effectiveness of mitochondrial-targeted therapy in HF patients.
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Chaurembo AI, Xing N, Chanda F, Li Y, Zhang HJ, Fu LD, Huang JY, Xu YJ, Deng WH, Cui HD, Tong XY, Shu C, Lin HB, Lin KX. Mitofilin in cardiovascular diseases: Insights into the pathogenesis and potential pharmacological interventions. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107164. [PMID: 38569981 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is increasing. However, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. Mitochondria produce cellular energy through oxidative phosphorylation while regulating calcium homeostasis, cellular respiration, and the production of biosynthetic chemicals. Nevertheless, problems related to cardiac energy metabolism, defective mitochondrial proteins, mitophagy, and structural changes in mitochondrial membranes can cause cardiovascular diseases via mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitofilin is a critical inner mitochondrial membrane protein that maintains cristae structure and facilitates protein transport while linking the inner mitochondrial membrane, outer mitochondrial membrane, and mitochondrial DNA transcription. Researchers believe that mitofilin may be a therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular diseases, particularly cardiac mitochondrial dysfunctions. In this review, we highlight current findings regarding the role of mitofilin in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and potential therapeutic compounds targeting mitofilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Iddy Chaurembo
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; Stake Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia, Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Xing
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Francis Chanda
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; Stake Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia, Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Juan Zhang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Li-Dan Fu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Huang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Jing Xu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; Stake Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia, Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hui Deng
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Dong Cui
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin-Yue Tong
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; Stake Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia, Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Shu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; Food Science College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Han-Bin Lin
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; Stake Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia, Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Kai-Xuan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhongshan, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Aizawa K, Ikeda A, Tomida S, Hino K, Sugita Y, Hirose T, Sunazuka T, Kido H, Yokoyama S, Nagai R. A Potent PDK4 Inhibitor for Treatment of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Cells 2023; 13:87. [PMID: 38201291 PMCID: PMC10777911 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is characterized not only by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) but is also combined with symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, and edema. Several pharmacological interventions have been established. However, a treatment targeting a novel pathophysiological mechanism is still needed. Evidence indicating that inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) may be cardioprotective has been accumulating. Thus, we focused on vitamin K3 and used its framework as a new PDK4 inhibitor skeleton to synthesize new PDK4 inhibitors that show higher activity than the existing PDK4 inhibitor, dichloroacetic acid, and tested their cardioprotective effects on a mouse heart failure model. Among these inhibitors, PDK4 inhibitor 8 improved EF the most, even though it did not reverse cardiac fibrosis or wall thickness. This novel, potent PDK4 inhibitor may improve EF of failing hearts by regulating bioenergetics via activation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Aizawa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (S.T.); (K.H.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Center, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Akari Ikeda
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; (A.I.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Shota Tomida
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (S.T.); (K.H.)
| | - Koki Hino
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (S.T.); (K.H.)
| | - Yuuki Sugita
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; (A.I.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomoyasu Hirose
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; (A.I.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; (A.I.); (Y.S.); (T.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Kido
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan;
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
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5
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Bouhamida E, Chaudhry HW. A new strategy for cardiac protection. eLife 2023; 12:e93239. [PMID: 37917118 PMCID: PMC10622142 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It may be possible to treat cardiac hypertrophy and injury by using drugs that inhibit a protein called SIRT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaa Bouhamida
- Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and the Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Hina W Chaudhry
- Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and the Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
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6
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Kubat GB, Bouhamida E, Ulger O, Turkel I, Pedriali G, Ramaccini D, Ekinci O, Ozerklig B, Atalay O, Patergnani S, Nur Sahin B, Morciano G, Tuncer M, Tremoli E, Pinton P. Mitochondrial dysfunction and skeletal muscle atrophy: Causes, mechanisms, and treatment strategies. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:33-58. [PMID: 37451353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, which accounts for approximately 40% of total body weight, is one of the most dynamic and plastic tissues in the human body and plays a vital role in movement, posture and force production. More than just a component of the locomotor system, skeletal muscle functions as an endocrine organ capable of producing and secreting hundreds of bioactive molecules. Therefore, maintaining healthy skeletal muscles is crucial for supporting overall body health. Various pathological conditions, such as prolonged immobilization, cachexia, aging, drug-induced toxicity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), can disrupt the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation, leading to skeletal muscle atrophy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major contributing mechanism to skeletal muscle atrophy, as it plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including energy production, metabolic flexibility, maintenance of redox homeostasis, and regulation of apoptosis. In this review, we critically examine recent knowledge regarding the causes of muscle atrophy (disuse, cachexia, aging, etc.) and its contribution to CVDs. Additionally, we highlight the mitochondrial signaling pathways involvement to skeletal muscle atrophy, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy and mitophagy, mitochondrial fission-fusion, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss current strategies, including exercise, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, in vivo transfection of PGC-1α, and the potential use of mitochondrial transplantation as a possible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, 06010 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Oner Ulger
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, 06010 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Turkel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Daniela Ramaccini
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Ozgur Ekinci
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Ozerklig
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozbeyen Atalay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beyza Nur Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Meltem Tuncer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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7
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Di Mambro T, Pellielo G, Agyapong ED, Carinci M, Chianese D, Giorgi C, Morciano G, Patergnani S, Pinton P, Rimessi A. The Tricky Connection between Extracellular Vesicles and Mitochondria in Inflammatory-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098181. [PMID: 37175888 PMCID: PMC10179665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells, where they represent the main site of energy production. Mitochondria are involved in several important cell processes, such as calcium homeostasis, OXPHOS, autophagy, and apoptosis. Moreover, they play a pivotal role also in inflammation through the inter-organelle and inter-cellular communications, mediated by the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs). It is currently well-documented that in addition to traditional endocrine and paracrine communication, the cells converse via extracellular vesicles (EVs). These small membrane-bound particles are released from cells in the extracellular milieu under physio-pathological conditions. Importantly, EVs have gained much attention for their crucial role in inter-cellular communication, translating inflammatory signals into recipient cells. EVs cargo includes plasma membrane and endosomal proteins, but EVs also contain material from other cellular compartments, including mitochondria. Studies have shown that EVs may transport mitochondrial portions, proteins, and/or mtDAMPs to modulate the metabolic and inflammatory responses of recipient cells. Overall, the relationship between EVs and mitochondria in inflammation is an active area of research, although further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved and how they may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Here, we have reported and discussed the latest studies focused on this fascinating and recent area of research, discussing of tricky connection between mitochondria and EVs in inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Di Mambro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellielo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Esther Densu Agyapong
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Chianese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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8
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Jhuo SJ, Lin YH, Liu IH, Lin TH, Wu BN, Lee KT, Lai WT. Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor Ameliorate Metabolic Disorder and Obesity Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury and Mitochondrial Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076842. [PMID: 37047815 PMCID: PMC10095421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) exert significant cardiovascular and heart failure benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and can help reduce cardiac arrhythmia incidence in clinical practice. However, its effect on regulating cardiomyocyte mitochondria remain unclear. To evaluate its effect on myocardial mitochondria, C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups, including: (1) control, (2) high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorder and obesity (MDO), (3) MDO with empagliflozin (EMPA) treatment, and (4) MDO with glibenclamide (GLI) treatment. All mice were sacrificed after 16 weeks of feeding and the epicardial fat secretome was collected. H9c2 cells were treated with the different secretomes for 18 h. ROS production, Ca2+ distribution, and associated proteins expression in mitochondria were investigated to reveal the underlying mechanisms of SGLT2is on cardiomyocytes. We found that lipotoxicity, mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and the levels of the associated protein, SOD1, were significantly lower in the EMPA group than in the MDO group, accompanied with increased ATP production in the EMPA-treated group. The expression of mfn2, SIRT1, and SERCA were also found to be lower after EMPA-secretome treatment. EMPA-induced epicardial fat secretome in mice preserved a better cardiomyocyte mitochondrial biogenesis function than the MDO group. In addition to reducing ROS production in mitochondria, it also ameliorated mitochondrial Ca2+ overload caused by MDO-secretome. These findings provide evidence and potential mechanisms for the benefit of SGLT2i in heart failure and arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jie Jhuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tai Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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9
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Morciano G, Boncompagni C, Ramaccini D, Pedriali G, Bouhamida E, Tremoli E, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Comprehensive Analysis of Mitochondrial Dynamics Alterations in Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043414. [PMID: 36834825 PMCID: PMC9961104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common alterations affecting mitochondria, and associated with cardiac pathological conditions, implicate a long list of defects. They include impairments of the mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, which is a crucial element for energy formation, and that determines the depletion of ATP generation and supply to metabolic switches, enhanced ROS generation, inflammation, as well as the dysregulation of the intracellular calcium homeostasis. All these signatures significantly concur in the impairment of cardiac electrical characteristics, loss of myocyte contractility and cardiomyocyte damage found in cardiac diseases. Mitochondrial dynamics, one of the quality control mechanisms at the basis of mitochondrial fitness, also result in being dysregulated, but the use of this knowledge for translational and therapeutic purposes is still in its infancy. In this review we tried to understand why this is, by summarizing methods, current opinions and molecular details underlying mitochondrial dynamics in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +05-32-455-802 (G.M. & P.P.)
| | | | | | - Gaia Pedriali
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +05-32-455-802 (G.M. & P.P.)
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10
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Genovese I, Fornetti E, Ruocco G. Mitochondria inter-organelle relationships in cancer protein aggregation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1062993. [PMID: 36601538 PMCID: PMC9806238 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1062993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are physically associated with other organelles, such as ER and lysosomes, forming a complex network that is crucial for cell homeostasis regulation. Inter-organelle relationships are finely regulated by both tether systems, which maintain physical proximity, and by signaling cues that induce the exchange of molecular information to regulate metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis, redox state, nutrient availability, and proteostasis. The coordinated action of the organelles is engaged in the cellular integrated stress response. In any case, pathological conditions alter functional communication and efficient rescue pathway activation, leading to cell distress exacerbation and eventually cell death. Among these detrimental signals, misfolded protein accumulation and aggregation cause major damage to the cells, since defects in protein clearance systems worsen cell toxicity. A cause for protein aggregation is often a defective mitochondrial redox balance, and the ER freshly translated misfolded proteins and/or a deficient lysosome-mediated clearance system. All these features aggravate mitochondrial damage and enhance proteotoxic stress. This review aims to gather the current knowledge about the complex liaison between mitochondria, ER, and lysosomes in facing proteotoxic stress and protein aggregation, highlighting both causes and consequences. Particularly, specific focus will be pointed to cancer, a pathology in which inter-organelle relations in protein aggregation have been poorly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Genovese
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Ilaria Genovese,
| | - Ersilia Fornetti
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy,Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Important Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030473. [PMID: 35326123 PMCID: PMC8944689 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles that act as a primary site to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, mitochondria play a pivotal role in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling, fatty acid oxidation, and ketone synthesis. Dysfunction of these signaling molecules leads to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH), atherosclerosis, and other vascular diseases. Features of PH include vasoconstriction and pulmonary artery (PA) remodeling, which can result from abnormal proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). These responses are mediated by increased Rieske iron–sulfur protein (RISP)-dependent mitochondrial ROS production and increased mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. Mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ can both synergistically activate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) to trigger inflammatory responses leading to PH, right ventricular failure, and death. Evidence suggests that increased mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ signaling leads to abnormal synthesis of ketones, which play a critical role in the development of PH. In this review, we discuss some of the recent findings on the important interactive role and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ in the development and progression of PH. We also address the contributions of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses and ketone-mediated oxidative stress due to abnormal regulation of mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ signaling in PH.
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12
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Bouhamida E, Morciano G, Perrone M, Kahsay AE, Della Sala M, Wieckowski MR, Fiorica F, Pinton P, Giorgi C, Patergnani S. The Interplay of Hypoxia Signaling on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020300. [PMID: 35205167 PMCID: PMC8869508 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The regulation of hypoxia has recently emerged as having a central impact in mitochondrial function and dysfunction in various diseases, including the major disorders threatening worldwide: cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Despite the studies in this matter, its effective role in protection and disease progression even though its direct molecular mechanism in both disorders is still to be elucidated. This review aims to cover the current knowledge about the effect of hypoxia on mitochondrial function and dysfunction, and inflammation, in cardiovascular diseases and cancer, and reports further therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of hypoxic pathways. Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer continue to be the primary cause of mortality worldwide and their pathomechanisms are a complex and multifactorial process. Insufficient oxygen availability (hypoxia) plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of both CVDs and cancer diseases, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), the main sensor of hypoxia, acts as a central regulator of multiple target genes in the human body. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that mitochondria are the major target of hypoxic injury, the most common source of reactive oxygen species during hypoxia and key elements for inflammation regulation during the development of both CVDs and cancer. Taken together, observations propose that hypoxia, mitochondrial abnormality, oxidative stress, inflammation in CVDs, and cancer are closely linked. Based upon these facts, this review aims to deeply discuss these intimate relationships and to summarize current significant findings corroborating the molecular mechanisms and potential therapies involved in hypoxia and mitochondrial dysfunction in CVDs and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaa Bouhamida
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48022 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48022 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Asrat E. Kahsay
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Mario Della Sala
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Francesco Fiorica
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, AULSS 9 Scaligera, Ospedale Mater Salutis di Legnago, 37045 Verona, Italy;
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48022 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48022 Cotignola, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (S.P.)
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13
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Morciano G, Rimessi A, Patergnani S, Vitto VAM, Danese A, Kahsay A, Palumbo L, Bonora M, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Calcium dysregulation in heart diseases: Targeting calcium channels to achieve a correct calcium homeostasis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106119. [PMID: 35131483 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium signaling is a universal language source shared by the most part of biological entities inside cells that, all together, give rise to physiological and functional anatomical units, the organ. Although preferentially recognized as signaling between cell life and death processes, in the heart it assumes additional relevance considered the importance of calcium cycling coupled to ATP consumption in excitation-contraction coupling. The concerted action of a plethora of exchangers, channels and pumps inward and outward calcium fluxes where needed, to convert energy and electric impulses in muscle contraction. All this without realizing it, thousands of times, every day. An improper function of those proteins (i.e., variation in expression, mutations onset, dysregulated channeling, differential protein-protein interactions) being part of this signaling network triggers a short circuit with severe acute and chronic pathological consequences reported as arrhythmias, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, reperfusion injury and cardiomyopathies. By acting with chemical, peptide-based and pharmacological modulators of these players, a correction of calcium homeostasis can be achieved accompanied by an amelioration of clinical symptoms. This review will focus on all those defects in calcium homeostasis which occur in the most common cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, hypertrophy, heart failure and cardiomyopathies. This part will be introduced by the state of the art on the proteins involved in calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes and followed by the therapeutic treatments that to date, are able to target them and to revert the pathological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, RA, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica A M Vitto
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Danese
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Asrat Kahsay
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Palumbo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism. Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, RA, Italy.
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14
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Impaired Mitochondrial Bioenergetics under Pathological Conditions. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020205. [PMID: 35207491 PMCID: PMC8879432 DOI: 10.3390/life12020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells; however, mitochondrial dysfunction causes energy depletion and cell death in various diseases [...]
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15
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Jankauskas SS, Kansakar U, Varzideh F, Wilson S, Mone P, Lombardi A, Gambardella J, Santulli G. Heart failure in diabetes. Metabolism 2021; 125:154910. [PMID: 34627874 PMCID: PMC8941799 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure and cardiovascular disorders represent the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Here we present a systematic review of the main mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We also provide an excursus on the relative contribution of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells to the pathophysiology of heart failure in diabetes. After having described the preclinical tools currently available to dissect the mechanisms of this complex disease, we conclude with a section on the most recent updates of the literature on clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Scott Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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16
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Li Y, Zheng N, Ding X. Mitophagy Disequilibrium, a Prominent Pathological Mechanism in Metabolic Heart Diseases. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4631-4640. [PMID: 34858041 PMCID: PMC8629916 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s336882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With overall food intake among the general population as high as ever, metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global epidemic and is responsible for many serious life-threatening diseases, especially heart failure. In multiple metabolic disorders, maintaining a dynamic balance of mitochondrial number and function is necessary to prevent the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been proved to be one of the important mechanisms of cardiomyocyte injury due to the mismatching of oxygen consumption and mitochondrial population and finally to heart failure. Mitophagy is a process that eliminates damaged or redundant mitochondria. It is mediated by a series of signaling molecules, including PINK, parkin, BINP3, FUNDC1, CTSD, Drp1, Rab9 and mTOR. Meanwhile, increasing evidence also showed that the interaction between ferroptosis and mitophagy interfered with mitochondrial homeostasis. This review will focus on these essential molecules and pathways of mitophagy and cell homeostasis affected by hypoxia and other stimuli in metabolic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Li
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xudong Ding Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8618940257698 Email
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