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Wei N, Hu C, Dittmann E, Song L, Gan N. The biological functions of microcystins. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122119. [PMID: 39059200 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins are potent hepatotoxins predominantly produced by bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacteria (e.g., Microcystis, Planktothrix, Dolichospermum). Microcystin biosynthesis involves large multienzyme complexes and tailoring enzymes encoded by the mcy gene cluster. Mutation, recombination, and deletion events have shaped the mcy gene cluster in the course of evolution, resulting in a large diversity of microcystin congeners and the natural coexistence of toxic and non-toxic strains. The biological functions of microcystins and their association with algal bloom formation have been extensively investigated over the past decades. This review synthesizes recent advances in decoding the biological role of microcystins in carbon/nitrogen metabolism, antioxidation, colony formation, and cell-to-cell communication. Microcystins appear to adopt multifunctional roles in cyanobacteria that reflect the adaptive plasticity of toxic cyanobacteria to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Chenlin Hu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Elke Dittmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lirong Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nanqin Gan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Wang F, Xiang L, Sze-Yin Leung K, Elsner M, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Pan B, Sun H, An T, Ying G, Brooks BW, Hou D, Helbling DE, Sun J, Qiu H, Vogel TM, Zhang W, Gao Y, Simpson MJ, Luo Y, Chang SX, Su G, Wong BM, Fu TM, Zhu D, Jobst KJ, Ge C, Coulon F, Harindintwali JD, Zeng X, Wang H, Fu Y, Wei Z, Lohmann R, Chen C, Song Y, Sanchez-Cid C, Wang Y, El-Naggar A, Yao Y, Huang Y, Cheuk-Fung Law J, Gu C, Shen H, Gao Y, Qin C, Li H, Zhang T, Corcoll N, Liu M, Alessi DS, Li H, Brandt KK, Pico Y, Gu C, Guo J, Su J, Corvini P, Ye M, Rocha-Santos T, He H, Yang Y, Tong M, Zhang W, Suanon F, Brahushi F, Wang Z, Hashsham SA, Virta M, Yuan Q, Jiang G, Tremblay LA, Bu Q, Wu J, Peijnenburg W, Topp E, Cao X, Jiang X, Zheng M, Zhang T, Luo Y, Zhu L, Li X, Barceló D, Chen J, Xing B, Amelung W, Cai Z, Naidu R, Shen Q, Pawliszyn J, Zhu YG, Schaeffer A, Rillig MC, Wu F, Yu G, Tiedje JM. Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100612. [PMID: 38756954 PMCID: PMC11096751 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leilei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China
| | - Martin Elsner
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Institute of Hydrochemistry, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources & Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bo Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangguo Ying
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Damian E. Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jianqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Timothy M. Vogel
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Myrna J. Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Yi Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Scott X. Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bryan M. Wong
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Karl J. Jobst
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 45 Arctic Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Chengjun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Jean Damascene Harindintwali
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiankui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Yuhao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Changer Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Concepcion Sanchez-Cid
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Yiming Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanran Huang
- Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chenggang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Natàlia Corcoll
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Daniel S. Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kristian K. Brandt
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center (SDC), Beijing, China
| | - Yolanda Pico
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre - CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Road CV-315 km 10.7, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianqiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Philippe Corvini
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Mao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Huan He
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meiping Tong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fidèle Suanon
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Materials and Molecular Modeling (LCP3M), University of Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
| | - Ferdi Brahushi
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1029 Tirana, Albania
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Syed A. Hashsham
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marko Virta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, 00010 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qingbin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Gaofei Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Louis A. Tremblay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa 1142, New Zealand
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Willie Peijnenburg
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Leiden University, Center for Environmental Studies, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Edward Topp
- Agroecology Mixed Research Unit, INRAE, 17 rue Sully, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Taolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Damià Barceló
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Wulf Amelung
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle (UON), Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle (UON), Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yong-guan Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Andreas Schaeffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - James M. Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Arruda RS, Jacinavicius FR, Noyma NP, Drummond E, Barreto DA, da Silva LHS, Huszar VL, Pinto E, Lürling M, Marinho MM. Cyanopeptides occurrence and diversity in a Brazilian tropical reservoir: Exploring relationships with water quality. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124051. [PMID: 38688388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are a class of toxic secondary metabolites produced by some cyanobacteria strains that endanger aquatic and terrestrial organisms in various freshwater systems. Although patterns in MC occurrence are being recognized, divergences in the global data still hamper our ability to predict the toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms. This study aimed (i) to determine the dynamics of MCs and other cyanopeptides in a tropical reservoir, (ii) to investigate the correlation between peptides and potential cyanotoxin producers (iii) identifying the possible abiotic factors that influence the peptides. We analyzed, monthly, eight MC variants (MC-RR, -LA, -LF, -LR, -LW, -YR, [D-Asp3]-RR and [D-Asp3]-LR) and other peptides in 47 water samples collected monthly, all season long, from two sampling sites in a tropical eutrophic freshwater reservoir, in southeastern Brazil. The cyanopeptides were assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The biomass of potential cyanobacterial producers and water quality variables were measured. MCs were detected in both sampling sites year-round; the total MC concentration varied from 0.21 to 4.04 μg L-1, and three MC variants were identified and quantified (MC-RR, [D-Asp3]-RR, -LR). Additionally, we identified 28 compounds belonging to three other cyanopeptide classes: aeruginosin, microginin, and cyanopeptolin. As potential MC producers, Microcystis spp. and Dolichospermum circinalis were dominant during the study, representing up to 75% of the total phytoplankton. Correlational and redundancy analysis suggested positive effects of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and total phosphorus on MC and microginins concentration, while water temperature appeared to favor aeruginosins. A comparison between our results and historical data showed a reduction in total phosphorus and cyanobacteria, suggesting increased water quality in the reservoir. However, the current MC concentrations indicate a rise in cyanobacterial toxicity over the last eight years. Moreover, our study underscores the pressing need to explore cyanopeptides other than MCs in tropical aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Silva Arruda
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Rios Jacinavicius
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580 - Bloco 17, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Natália Pessoa Noyma
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Erick Drummond
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Davi Almeida Barreto
- Laboratory of Phycology, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Sampaio da Silva
- Laboratory of Phycology, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Huszar
- Laboratory of Phycology, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcelo Manzi Marinho
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
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Cao A, Vilariño N, de Castro-Alves L, Piñeiro Y, Rivas J, Botana AM, Carrera C, Sainz MJ, Botana LM. Nanostructured Magnetic Particles for Removing Cyanotoxins: Assessing Effectiveness and Toxicity In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:269. [PMID: 38922163 PMCID: PMC11209371 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise in cyanobacterial blooms due to eutrophication and climate change has increased cyanotoxin presence in water. Most current water treatment plants do not effectively remove these toxins, posing a potential risk to public health. This study introduces a water treatment approach using nanostructured beads containing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for easy removal from liquid suspension, coated with different adsorbent materials to eliminate cyanotoxins. Thirteen particle types were produced using activated carbon, CMK-3 mesoporous carbon, graphene, chitosan, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidised cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF), esterified pectin, and calcined lignin as an adsorbent component. The particles' effectiveness for detoxification of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), and anatoxin-A (ATX-A) was assessed in an aqueous solution. Two particle compositions presented the best adsorption characteristics for the most common cyanotoxins. In the conditions tested, mesoporous carbon nanostructured particles, P1-CMK3, provide good removal of MC-LR and Merck-activated carbon nanostructured particles, P9-MAC, can remove ATX-A and CYN with high and fair efficacy, respectively. Additionally, in vitro toxicity of water treated with each particle type was evaluated in cultured cell lines, revealing no alteration of viability in human renal, neuronal, hepatic, and intestinal cells. Although further research is needed to fully characterise this new water treatment approach, it appears to be a safe, practical, and effective method for eliminating cyanotoxins from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cao
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.C.); (C.C.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Natalia Vilariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.C.); (C.C.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Lisandra de Castro-Alves
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.d.C.-A.); (Y.P.)
- Instituto de Materiales iMATUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yolanda Piñeiro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.d.C.-A.); (Y.P.)
- Instituto de Materiales iMATUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Rivas
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.d.C.-A.); (Y.P.)
- Instituto de Materiales iMATUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana M. Botana
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.C.); (C.C.); (L.M.B.)
- Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - María J. Sainz
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Proyectos de Ingeniería, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.C.); (C.C.); (L.M.B.)
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5
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Kwidzińska K, Zalewska M, Aksmann A, Kobos J, Mazur-Marzec H, Caban M. Multi-biomarker response of cyanobacteria Synechocystis salina and Microcystis aeruginosa to diclofenac. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134373. [PMID: 38678710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The cyanobacterial response to pharmaceuticals is less frequently investigated compared to green algae. Pharmaceuticals can influence not only the growth rate of cyanobacteria culture, but can also cause changes at the cellular level. The effect of diclofenac (DCF) as one of the for cyanobacteria has been rarely tested, and DCF has never been applied with cellular biomarkers. The aim of this work was to test the response of two unicellular cyanobacteria (Synechocystis salina and Microcystis aeruginosa) toward DCF (100 mg L-1) under photoautotrophic growth conditions. Such endpoints were analyzed as cells number, DCF uptake, the change in concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, the production of toxins, and chlorophyll a in vivo fluorescence. It was noted that during a 96 h exposure, cell proliferation was not impacted. Nevertheless, a biochemical response was observed. The increased production of microcystin was noted for M. aeruginosa. Due to the negligible absorption of DCF into cells, it is possible that the biochemical changes are induced by an external signal. The application of non-standard biomarkers demonstrates the effect of DCF on microorganism metabolism without a corresponding effect on biomass. The high resistance of cyanobacteria to DCF and the stimulating effect of DCF on the secretion of toxins raise concerns for environment biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kwidzińska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Martyna Zalewska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Aksmann
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Kobos
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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6
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Tang B, Zhang L, Salam M, Yang B, He Q, Yang Y, Li H. Revealing the environmental hazard posed by biodegradable microplastics in aquatic ecosystems: An investigation of polylactic acid's effects on Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123347. [PMID: 38215868 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The influence of petroleum-based microplastics (MPs) on phytoplankton has been extensively studied, while research on the impact of biodegradable MPs, derived from alternative plastics to contest the environmental crisis, remains limited. This study performed a 63 days co-incubation experiment to assess the effect of polylactic acid MPs (PLA-MPs) on the growth, physiology, and carbon utilization of M. aeruginosa and the change in PLA-MPs surface properties. The results showed that despite PLA-MPs induced oxidative stress and caused membrane damage in M. aeruginosa, the presence of PLA-MPs (10, 50, and 200 mg/L) triggered significant increases (p < 0.05) in the density of M. aeruginosa after 63 days. Specifically, the algal densities upon 50 and 200 mg/L PLA-MPs exposure were increased by 20.91% and 36.31% relative to the control, respectively. Meanhwhile, the reduced C/O ratio on PLA-MPs surface and change in PLA-MPs morphological characterization, which is responsible for substantially increase in the aquatic dissolved inorganic carbon concentration during the co-incubation, implying the degradation of PLA-MPs; thus, provided sufficient carbon resources that M. aeruginosa could assimilate. This was in line with the declined intracellular carbonic anhydrase content in M. aeruginosa. This study is the first attempt to uncover the interaction between PLA-MPs and M. aeruginosa, and the finding that their interaction promotes the degrading of PLA-MPs meanwhile favoring M. aeruginosa growth will help elucidate the potential risk of biodegradable MPs in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingran Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Lixue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Muhammad Salam
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center of Chongqing, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yongchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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7
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Santos-Silva RDD, Severiano JDS, Chia MA, Queiroz TM, Cordeiro-Araújo MK, Barbosa JEDL. Unveiling the link between Raphidiopsis raciborskii blooms and saxitoxin levels: Evaluating water quality in tropical reservoirs, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123401. [PMID: 38244903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation of Raphidiopsis raciborskii blooms has sparked concerns regarding potential human exposure to heightened saxitoxins (STXs) levels. Thus, comprehending how environmental elements drive the proliferation of this STXs-producing species can aid in predicting human exposure risks. This study aimed to explore the link between cyanobacteria R. raciborskii, STXs cyanotoxins, and environmental factors in 37 public supply reservoirs in the tropical region and assess potential health hazards these toxins pose in the reservoir waters. A Structural Equation Model was used to assess the impact of environmental factors (water volume and physical and chemical variables) on R. raciborskii biomass and STXs levels. Furthermore, the potential risk of STXs exposure from consuming untreated reservoir water was evaluated. Lastly, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of STXs across the reservoirs was computed. Our findings revealed a correlation between R. raciborskii biomass and STXs concentrations. Total phosphorus emerged as a critical environmental factor positively influencing species biomass and indirectly affecting STXs levels. pH significantly influenced STXs concentrations, indicating different factors influencing R. raciborskii biomass and STXs. Significantly, for the first time, the risk of STXs exposure was gauged using the risk quotient (HQ) for untreated water consumption from public supply reservoirs in Brazil's semi-arid region. Although the exposure risks were generally low to moderate, the CDF underscored the risk of chronic exposure due to low toxin concentrations in over 90% of samples. These outcomes emphasize the potential expansion of R. raciborskii in tropical settings due to increased phosphorus, amplifying waterborne STXs levels and associated intoxication risks. Thus, this study reinforces the importance of nutrient control, particularly phosphorus regulation, as a mitigation strategy against R. raciborskii blooms and reducing STXs intoxication hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranielle Daiana Dos Santos-Silva
- Ecology Program, Department of Biology, State University of Paraíba - UEPB, Rua Baraúnas, nº. 351, Universitario, 58.429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dos Santos Severiano
- Ecology Program, Department of Biology, State University of Paraíba - UEPB, Rua Baraúnas, nº. 351, Universitario, 58.429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
| | - Mathias Ahii Chia
- Department of Botany, Ahmadu University Bello, 81 0001, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Ecology, University of Brasília - UnB, Graduate Program in Ecology. Institute of Biological Sciences - IB, Asa Norte, DF, 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Medeiros Queiroz
- Ecology Program, Department of Biology, State University of Paraíba - UEPB, Rua Baraúnas, nº. 351, Universitario, 58.429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Micheline Kézia Cordeiro-Araújo
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília - UnB, Graduate Program in Microbial Biology. Institute of Biological Sciences - IB, Bloco E, s/n, Asa Norte, DF, 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - José Etham de Lucena Barbosa
- Ecology Program, Department of Biology, State University of Paraíba - UEPB, Rua Baraúnas, nº. 351, Universitario, 58.429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
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8
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Manjitha KGL, Sewwandi BGN. Cyanotoxins availability and detection methods in wastewater treatment plants: A review. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 217-218:106886. [PMID: 38159650 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Research interest in ecological significance, toxicity, and potential applications of cyanobacterial metabolites has grown as a result of the current extensive cyanobacterial blooms in water bodies. Under favourable conditions, specific cyanobacterial species release cyanotoxins, hepatotoxins, dermatoxins, neurotoxins, and cytotoxins, creating a heightened threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) offer one of the best culture media for cyanobacterial development and synthesis of cyanotoxins by providing optimum environmental conditions, including temperature, light intensity, lengthy water residence time, and nutrient-rich habitat. To discover the intricate relationships between cyanobacterial populations and other living organisms, it is important to comprehend the cyanobacterial communities in the ecology of WWTPs. Monitoring strategies of these cyanotoxins typically involved combined assessments of biological, biochemical, and physicochemical methodologies. Microscopic observations and physicochemical factors analysis cannot be carried out for toxicity potential analysis of blooms. Due to their high sensitivity, molecular-based approaches allow for the early detection of toxic cyanobacteria, while biological analysis is carried out by using water bloom material and cell extracts to screen cyanotoxins build up in organisms. As each approach has benefits and drawbacks, the development of an integrated multi-method laboratory system is essential to obtain trustworthy results and accurate detection of cyanotoxin levels in WWTPs allowing us to take necessary proactive and preventative approaches for effective wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G L Manjitha
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka
| | - B G N Sewwandi
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka.
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9
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Romanis CS, Timms VJ, Nebauer DJ, Crosbie ND, Neilan BA. Microbiome analysis reveals Microcystis blooms endogenously seeded from benthos within wastewater maturation ponds. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0158523. [PMID: 38117057 PMCID: PMC10807444 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01585-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxigenic Microcystis blooms periodically disrupt the stabilization ponds of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Dense proliferations of Microcystis cells within the surface waters (SWs) impede the water treatment process by reducing the treatment efficacy of the latent WWTP microbiome. Further, water quality is reduced when conventional treatment leads to Microcystis cell lysis and the release of intracellular microcystins into the water column. Recurrent seasonal Microcystis blooms cause significant financial burdens for the water industry and predicting their source is vital for bloom management strategies. We investigated the source of recurrent toxigenic Microcystis blooms at Australia's largest lagoon-based municipal WWTP in both sediment core (SC) and SW samples between 2018 and 2020. Bacterial community composition of the SC and SW samples according to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that Microcystis sp. was dominant within SW samples throughout the period and reached peak relative abundances (32%) during the summer. The same Microcystis Amplicon sequence variants were present within the SC and SW samples indicating a potential migratory population that transitions between the sediment water and SWs during bloom formation events. To investigate the potential of the sediment to act as a repository of viable Microcystis cells for recurrent bloom formation, a novel in-vitro bloom model was established featuring sediments and sterilized SW collected from the WWTP. Microcystin-producing Microcystis blooms were established through passive resuspension after 12 weeks of incubation. These results demonstrate the capacity of Microcystis to transition between the sediments and SWs in WWTPs, acting as a perennial inoculum for recurrent blooms.IMPORTANCECyanobacterial blooms are prevalent to wastewater treatment facilities owing to the stable, eutrophic conditions. Cyanobacterial proliferations can disrupt operational procedures through the blocking of filtration apparatus or altering the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) microbiome, reducing treatment efficiency. Conventional wastewater treatment often results in the lysis of cyanobacterial cells and the release of intracellular toxins which pose a health risk to end users. This research identifies a potential seeding source of recurrent toxigenic cyanobacterial blooms within wastewater treatment facilities. Our results demonstrate the capacity of Microcystis to transition between the sediments and surface waters (SWs) of wastewater treatment ponds enabling water utilities to develop adequate monitoring and management strategies. Further, we developed a novel model to demonstrate benthic recruitment of toxigenic Microcystis under laboratory conditions facilitating future research into the genetic mechanisms behind bloom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Romanis
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Callaghan, Australia
| | - V. J. Timms
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Callaghan, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Synthetic Biology, Callaghan, Australia
| | - D. J. Nebauer
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - B. A. Neilan
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Callaghan, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Synthetic Biology, Callaghan, Australia
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10
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Liu Q, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li D, Gao Y, Li H, Duan L, Zhang X, Liu F, Xu J, Xu T, Li H. Heterogeneous bacterial communities affected by phytoplankton community turnover and microcystins in plateau lakes of Southwestern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166303. [PMID: 37586523 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Both phytoplankton and bacteria are fundamental organisms with key ecological functions in lake ecosystems. However, the mechanistic interactions through which phytoplankton community change and bacterial communities interact remain poorly understood. Here, the responses of bacterial communities to the community structure, resource-use efficiency (RUE), and community turnover of phytoplankton and microcystins (MCs) were investigated in Lake Dianchi, Lake Xingyun, and Lake Erhai of Southwestern China across two seasons (May and October 2020). Among phytoplankton, Cyanobacteria was the dominant species in all three lakes and attained greater dominance in October than in May due to variation in the RUE of nitrogen and phosphorus and environmental changes. The production of MCs, including MC_LR, MC_RR and MC_YR, was the result of the massive Cyanobacteria. Decreases in diversity and increases in heterogeneity were observed in the bacterial community structure. Nutrient levels, environmental factors and MCs (especially MC_YR) jointly affected the bacterial community in lakes, namely its diversity and community assembly. The cascading effects in lakes mediated by environmental conditions, phytoplankton community composition, RUE, community turnover, and MCs on bacterial communities were revealed in this study. These findings underscore the importance of relating phytoplankton community change and MCs to the bacterial community, which is fundamental for better understanding the lake ecosystem functioning and potential risks of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Hucai Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Donglin Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Youhong Gao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Lizeng Duan
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Fengwen Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tianbao Xu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Huayu Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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11
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Ricciardelli A, Pollio A, Costantini M, Zupo V. Harmful and beneficial properties of cyanotoxins: Two sides of the same coin. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108235. [PMID: 37567398 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanotoxins are by definition "harmful agents" produced by cyanobacteria. Their toxicity has been extensively studied and reviewed over the years. Cyanotoxins have been commonly classified, based on their poisonous effects on mammals, into three main classes, neurotoxins, hepatotoxins and dermatotoxins, and, considering their chemical features, mainly identified as peptides, alkaloids and lipopolysaccharides. Here we propose a broader subdivision of cyanotoxins into eight distinct classes, taking into account their molecular structures, biosynthesis and modes of action: alkaloids, non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, non-protein amino acids, indole alkaloids, organophosphates, lipopeptides and lipoglycans. For each class, the structures and primary mechanisms of toxicity of the main representative cyanotoxins are reported. Despite their powerful biological activities, only recently scientists have considered the biotechnological potential of cyanotoxins, and their applications both in medical and in industrial settings, even if only a few of these have reached the biotech market. In this perspective, we discuss the potential uses of cyanotoxins as anticancer, antimicrobial, and biocidal agents, as common applications for cytotoxic compounds. Furthermore, taking into account their mechanisms of action, we describe peculiar potential bioactivities for several cyanotoxin classes, such as local anaesthetics, antithrombotics, neuroplasticity promoters, immunomodulating and antifouling agents. In this review, we aim to stimulate research on the potential beneficial roles of cyanotoxins, which require interdisciplinary cooperation to facilitate the discovery of innovative biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Ricciardelli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthìa, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthìa, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Costantini
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton, 80133 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia Marine Centre, Punta San Pietro, 80077 Naples, Italy.
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12
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Collart L, Jiang D, Halsey KH. The volatilome reveals microcystin concentration, microbial composition, and oxidative stress in a critical Oregon freshwater lake. mSystems 2023; 8:e0037923. [PMID: 37589463 PMCID: PMC10654074 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00379-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Harmful algal blooms are among the most significant threats to drinking water safety. Blooms dominated by cyanobacteria can produce potentially harmful toxins and, despite intensive research, toxin production remains unpredictable. We measured gaseous molecules in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, over 2 years and used them to predict the presence and concentration of the cyanotoxin, microcystin, and microbial community composition. Subsets of gaseous compounds were identified that are associated with microcystin production during oxidative stress, pointing to ecosystem-level interactions leading to microcystin contamination. Our approach shows potential for gaseous molecules to be harnessed in monitoring critical waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Collart
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Duo Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kimberly H. Halsey
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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13
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Erratt KJ, Creed IF, Lobb DA, Smol JP, Trick CG. Climate change amplifies the risk of potentially toxigenic cyanobacteria. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5240-5249. [PMID: 37409538 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms pose a significant threat to water security, with anthropogenic forcing being implicated as a key driver behind the recent upsurge and global expansion of cyanobacteria in modern times. The potential effects of land-use alterations and climate change can lead to complicated, less-predictable scenarios in cyanobacterial management, especially when forecasting cyanobacterial toxin risks. There is a growing need for further investigations into the specific stressors that stimulate cyanobacterial toxins, as well as resolving the uncertainty surrounding the historical or contemporary nature of cyanobacterial-associated risks. To address this gap, we employed a paleolimnological approach to reconstruct cyanobacterial abundance and microcystin-producing potential in temperate lakes situated along a human impact gradient. We identified breakpoints (i.e., points of abrupt change) in these time series and examined the impact of landscape and climatic properties on their occurrence. Our findings indicate that lakes subject to greater human influence exhibited an earlier onset of cyanobacterial biomass by 40 years compared to less-impacted lakes, with land-use change emerging as the dominant predictor. Moreover, microcystin-producing potential increased in both high- and low-impact lakes around the 1980s, with climate warming being the primary driver. Our findings chronicle the importance of climate change in increasing the risk of toxigenic cyanobacteria in freshwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Erratt
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Irena F Creed
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Lobb
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - John P Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab, Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles G Trick
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Zhang Y, Whalen JK, Cai C, Shan K, Zhou H. Harmful cyanobacteria-diatom/dinoflagellate blooms and their cyanotoxins in freshwaters: A nonnegligible chronic health and ecological hazard. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119807. [PMID: 36871382 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human and ecological health depends on the vitality of freshwater systems, but these are increasingly threatened by cyanotoxins released from harmful algal blooms (HABs). Periodic cyanotoxin production, although undesirable, may be tolerable when there is enough time for cyanotoxins to degrade and dissipate in the environment, but the year-round presence of these toxins will be a chronic health for humans and ecosystems. The purpose of this critical review is to document the seasonal shifts of algal species and their ecophysiological acclimatation to dynamic environmental conditions. We discuss how these conditions will create successive occurrences of algal blooms and the release of cyanotoxins into freshwater. We first review the most common cyanotoxins, and evaluate the multiple ecological roles and physiological functions of these toxins for algae. Then, the annual recurring patterns HABs are considered in the context of global change, which demonstrates the capacity for algal blooms to shift from seasonal to year-round growth regimes that are driven by abiotic and biotic factors, leading to chronic loading of freshwaters with cyanotoxins. At last, we illustrate the impacts of HABs on the environment by compiling four health issues and four ecology issues emanating from their presence in the that covers atmosphere, aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems. Our study highlights the annual patterns of algal blooms, and proposes that a "perfect storm" of events is lurking that will cause the 'seasonal toxicity' to become a full-blown, 'chronic toxicity' in the context of the deterioration of HABs, highlighting a non-negligible chronic health and ecological hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Department of Natural Resource Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de Bellevue, QC H9×3V9, Canada; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, China.
| | - Joann K Whalen
- Department of Natural Resource Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de Bellevue, QC H9×3V9, Canada
| | - Chen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kun Shan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China, CAS Key Lab on Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Hongxu Zhou
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
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15
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Teneva I, Velikova V, Belkinova D, Moten D, Dzhambazov B. Allelopathic Potential of the Cyanotoxins Microcystin-LR and Cylindrospermopsin on Green Algae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1403. [PMID: 36987092 PMCID: PMC10057654 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathic interactions are widespread in all aquatic habitats, among all groups of aquatic primary biomass producers, including cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are producers of potent toxins called cyanotoxins, whose biological and ecological roles, including their allelopathic influence, are still incompletely understood. The allelopathic potential of the cyanotoxins microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYL) on green algae (Chlamydomonas asymmetrica, Dunaliella salina, and Scenedesmus obtusiusculus) was established. Time-dependent inhibitory effects on the growth and motility of the green algae exposed to cyanotoxins were detected. Changes in their morphology (cell shape, granulation of the cytoplasm, and loss of flagella) were also observed. The cyanotoxins MC-LR and CYL were found to affect photosynthesis to varying degrees in the green algae Chlamydomonas asymmetrica, Dunaliella salina, and Scenedesmus obtusiusculus, affecting chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as the maximum photochemical activity (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII), the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ), and the quantum yield of the unregulated energy dissipation Y(NO) in PSII. In the context of ongoing climate change and the associated expectations of the increased frequency of cyanobacterial blooms and released cyanotoxins, our results demonstrated the possible allelopathic role of cyanotoxins on competing autotrophs in the phytoplankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Teneva
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Detelina Belkinova
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dzhemal Moten
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Balik Dzhambazov
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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16
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Belykh OI, Sorokovikova EG, Tomberg IV, Fedorova GA, Kuzmin AV, Krasnopeev AY, Suslova MY, Potapov SA, Belykh TI, Norovsuren J, Galachyants AD, Tikhonova IV. Water Quality, Toxicity and Diversity of Planktonic and Benthic Cyanobacteria in Pristine Ancient Lake Khubsugul (Hövsgöl), Mongolia. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030213. [PMID: 36977104 PMCID: PMC10053237 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, microcystin-producing cyanobacteria have been detected in Khubsugul, which is ancient, pristine and one of the world’s largest lakes. The microcystin synthetase genes belonged to the genera Nostoc, Microcystis and possibly Snowella spp. No microcystins were found in the water of the lake. Using the HPLC-HRMS/TOF, five microcystin congeners were identified in biofilms from stony substrates sampled in the coastal zone. The concentration of microcystins in biofilms was low: 41.95 µg g−1 d. wt. by ELISA and 55.8 µg g−1 d. wt. using HPLC. The taxonomic composition of planktonic and benthic cyanobacterial communities was determined by means of microscopy and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons. Nostocales cyanobacteria dominated benthos of Lake Khubsugul and Synechococcales—plankton. The abundance of cyanobacteria was low both in plankton and benthos; there was no mass development of cyanobacteria. Hydrochemical and microbiological analyses showed that the water in the lake was clean; the number of faecal microorganisms was significantly below the acceptable guideline values. Hydrochemical and hydrophysical parameters, and the concentration of chlorophyll a, were low and within the range of values recorded in the 1970s to 1990s, and corresponded to the oligotrophic state of the lake. There were no signs of anthropogenic eutrophication of the lake and no conditions for the cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Belykh
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.I.B.); (E.G.S.)
| | - Ekaterina G. Sorokovikova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.I.B.); (E.G.S.)
| | - Irina V. Tomberg
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Galina A. Fedorova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Anton V. Kuzmin
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Andrey Yu. Krasnopeev
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Maria Yu. Suslova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Potapov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Belykh
- Institute for Culture, Social Communication and Information Technology, Baikal State University, 11 Lenin Str., Irkutsk 664003, Russia
| | - Jadambaa Norovsuren
- Institute of Biology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 54B Peace Avenue, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
| | - Agnia D. Galachyants
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Irina V. Tikhonova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
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17
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Le VV, Tran QG, Ko SR, Lee SA, Oh HM, Kim HS, Ahn CY. How do freshwater microalgae and cyanobacteria respond to antibiotics? Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:191-211. [PMID: 35189751 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2026870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic pollution is an emerging environmental challenge. Residual antibiotics from various sources, including municipal and industrial wastewater, sewage discharges, and agricultural runoff, are continuously released into freshwater environments, turning them into reservoirs that contribute to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. Thus, it is essential to understand the impacts of antibiotic residues on aquatic organisms, especially microalgae and cyanobacteria, due to their crucial roles as primary producers in the ecosystem. This review summarizes the effects of antibiotics on major biological processes in freshwater microalgae and cyanobacteria, including photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and the metabolism of macromolecules. Their adaptive mechanisms to antibiotics exposure, such as biodegradation, bioadsorption, and bioaccumulation, are also discussed. Moreover, this review highlights the important factors affecting the antibiotic removal pathways by these organisms, which will promote the use of microalgae-based technology for the removal of antibiotics. Finally, we offer some perspectives on the opportunities for further studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ve Van Le
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Quynh-Giao Tran
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - So-Ra Ko
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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18
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Sha'aba RI, Chia MA, Gana YA, Alhassan AB, Gadzama IMK. The growth, biochemical composition, and antioxidant response of Microcystis and Chlorella are influenced by Ibuprofen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13118-13131. [PMID: 36123556 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen (IBU) are extensively used, causing substantial amounts to end up in aquatic ecosystems. Unfortunately, little research has been done on how these medications influence the physiology of phytoplankton. This study aimed to investigate the toxicological and physiological effects of IBU on the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa LE3 and Microcystis aeruginosa EAWAG 198, and the chlorophyte Chlorella sorokiniana. Exponential growth phase cultures were exposed to IBU at 10 to 10,000 μg/L for 96 h. The medium effect concentrations revealed varied sensitivity to IBU in the order Chlorella sorokiniana > Microcystis aeruginosa LE3 > Microcystis aeruginosa EAWAG 198. The drug caused a significant difference from control in cell density and chlorophyll-a of the three strains, except for chlorophyll-a in M. aeruginosa EAWAG 198 cultures where a significant difference occurred at 100 μg/L. The cell density of M. aeruginosa LE3 cultures exposed to 10 μg/L IBU increased 24 h post-exposure. Increasing concentrations of IBU induced higher total microcystins content of the Microcystis aeruginosa. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide content, peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase activities, and lipid peroxidation increased as a function of IBU exposure. Total lipid, carbohydrate, and protein content of Chlorella sorokiniana were stimulated following IBU exposure. We conclude that the increasing presence of IBU in aquatic ecosystems could significantly alter the population dynamics of the investigated and other phytoplankton species.
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19
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Usman AS, Merican F, Zaki S, Broady P, Convey P, Muangmai N. Microcystin production by oscillatorialean cyanobacteria isolated from cryopreserved Antarctic mats. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 120:102336. [PMID: 36470600 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Twenty cyanobacterial strains of eight morphospecies isolated from deep-frozen (-15 °C) mat samples originally collected on Ross Island, in Victoria Land, and on the McMurdo Ice Shelf were screened for the presence of genes encoding for production of anatoxins, cylindrospermopsin, microcystin/nodularin and saxitoxin. One strain of each of Microcoleus autumnalis and Phormidesmis priestleyi and two strains of Wilmottia murrayi were found to produce microcystin. No toxin production was detected in the other 16 strains representing five species. The four toxin-producing strains were characterised using both morphological and molecular approaches. Phylogenetic analyses using partial 16S rRNA sequences were consistent with the morphological identification of all four strains. They were all found to contain a fragment of the mcyE gene, which is involved in microcystin biosynthesis. ELISA analysis of extracts from cultures of these strains confirmed the presence of low concentrations of microcystin: 0.35 μg/L in M. autumnalis, <0.15 μg/L in P. priestleyi, 1.60 μg/L in W. murrayi strain 1 and 0.9 μg/L in W. murrayi strain 2. This study includes the first report of microcystin synthesis by W. murrayi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Surajo Usman
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Faradina Merican
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Syazana Zaki
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Paul Broady
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Narongrit Muangmai
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Huisman J, Dittmann E, Fastner J, Schuurmans JM, Scott JT, Van de Waal DB, Visser PM, Welker M, Chorus I. Comment on “Models predict planned phosphorus load reduction will make Lake Erie more toxic”. Science 2022; 378:eadd9959. [DOI: 10.1126/science.add9959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hellweger
et al
. (Reports, 27 May 2022, pp. 1001) predict that phosphorus limitation will increase concentrations of cyanobacterial toxins in lakes. However, several molecular, physiological, and ecological mechanisms assumed in their models are poorly supported or contradicted by other studies. We conclude that their take-home message that phosphorus load reduction will make Lake Erie more toxic is seriously flawed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elke Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jutta Fastner
- Department of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Hygiene, German Environment Agency, Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Merijn Schuurmans
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. Thad Scott
- Department of Biology, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97388, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Dedmer B. Van de Waal
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Petra M. Visser
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ingrid Chorus
- Department of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Hygiene, German Environment Agency, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Kaak JL, Lobo de Sá FD, Turner JR, Schulzke JD, Bücker R. Unraveling the intestinal epithelial barrier in cyanotoxin microcystin-treated Caco-2 cell monolayers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1516:188-196. [PMID: 35883254 PMCID: PMC9588585 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin is a widespread cyanobacterial toxin that affects the intestine to produce diarrheal symptoms after ingestion of freshwater blue-green algae. Our study aimed to characterize the mechanism by which the toxin leads to diarrhea via epithelial barrier dysfunction in a small intestine Caco-2 cell model. Microcystin-treated human Caco-2 epithelial monolayers were functionally and molecularly analyzed for barrier dysfunction. Tight junctions (TJs) and cell damage were analyzed in relation to transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) changes. TER of microcystin-treated Caco-2 cells was reduced by 65% of the initial value after 24 h; concomitantly, permeability for fluorescein increased 2.6-fold. Western blot analysis showed reduced claudin-1 expression, while expression of claudin-3 and -4 remained unchanged. Super-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy revealed that TJ integrity was compromised by fraying and splitting of the TJ domain of the epithelial cells. Epithelial apoptosis did not significantly contribute to epithelial barrier dysfunction, while cytoskeletal actomyosin constriction was associated with TJ disintegration and the barrier defect. Our results indicate that microcystin causes intestinal barrier leakiness, which helps to explain the leak flux type of diarrhea as the main pathomechanism after ingestion of cyanobacterial toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Leo Kaak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fábia D. Lobo de Sá
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Bücker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Reporting of Freshwater Cyanobacterial Poisoning in Terrestrial Wildlife: A Systematic Map. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182423. [PMID: 36139281 PMCID: PMC9494982 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) have been reported globally, threatening human and animal health. They are encouraged by the warming climate and agricultural pollution creating nutrient-rich, warm environments, ideal for cyanobacterial proliferation. The cyanotoxins produced by these blooms have caused poisonings in many wildlife species; however, these cases are severely underreported, and many are likely missed. The aim of this systematic map was to collate, organise, and characterise all existing reports of cyanotoxin poisonings in terrestrial wildlife. We conducted a search of the published literature using online databases, yielding a total of 45 cases detailing incidents involving terrestrial wildlife. There is no current standard method for the reporting and diagnosis of cyanotoxin intoxication cases, and we provide recommendations on this to include both clinical diagnostic tools and investigative chemistry techniques. Less than half of all cases employed robust methods of detection and diagnosis based on our recommendations. Most cases were investigated after poisonings had already occurred, and only nine reports mentioned any effort to mitigate the effects of harmful cyanobacteria on terrestrial wildlife. This systematic map details terrestrial wildlife cyanotoxin intoxications from a diagnostic perspective, identifying how reporting can be improved, leading to more successful mitigation and investigative efforts in the future. Abstract Global warming and over-enrichment of freshwater systems have led to an increase in harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs), affecting human and animal health. The aim of this systematic map was to detail the current literature surrounding cyanotoxin poisonings in terrestrial wildlife and identify possible improvements to reports of morbidity and mortality from cyanotoxins. A systematic search was conducted using the electronic databases Scopus and Web of Science, yielding 5059 published studies identifying 45 separate case reports of wildlife poisonings from North America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. Currently, no gold standard for the diagnosis of cyanotoxin intoxication exists for wildlife, and we present suggested guidelines here. These involved immunoassays and analytical chemistry techniques to identify the toxin involved, PCR to identify the cyanobacterial species involved, and evidence of ingestion or exposure to cyanotoxins in the animals affected. Of the 45 cases, our recommended methods concurred with 48.9% of cases. Most often, cases were investigated after a mortality event had already occurred, and where mitigation was implemented, only three cases were successful in their efforts. Notably, only one case of invasive cyanobacteria was recorded in this review despite invasive species being known to occur throughout the globe; this could explain the underreporting of invasive cyanobacteria. This systematic map highlights the perceived absence of robust detection, surveillance, and diagnosis of cyanotoxin poisoning in wildlife. It may be true that wildlife is less susceptible to these poisoning events; however, the true rates of poisoning are likely much more than is reported in the literature.
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23
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Anam GB, Govarthanan M, Ahn YH. Assessment of nitrogen interaction with temperature on the growth and toxin production of mat-forming toxin-producing Anagnostidinema carotinosum. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2851-2863. [PMID: 35983987 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Global warming and eutrophication contribute to the severity of cyanobacteria blooms. However, it is unclear how these factors influence the growth and toxin production of Anagnostidinema carotinosum. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on morphological and molecular analysis, this is the first time A. carotinosum was identified in South Korea. The interactive effect of temperature (25, 30 or 34 °C) and nitrogen (2.5, 3.5 or 4.5 mg NO3 -N l-1 ) on A. carotinosum growth and toxin production were studied. Increasing nitrogen limitation reflects reduced growth and chlorophyll-a content at all temperatures. However, the growth was effective under nitrogen limitation when temperatures exceeded 25 °C. The maximum growth was found at 30 °C, followed by 34 °C under higher nitrate levels (3.5 and 4.5 mg l-1 ). In addition, the cell microcystin and anatoxin-a quota increased significantly at 25 °C with increasing nitrate limitation, decreasing considerably at 30 °C in the same nitrate gradient. CONCLUSION These results suggested temperatures stimulate A. carotinosum growth at 30 and 34 °C and cellular toxin quota at 25 and 34 °C with increasing NO3 -N levels. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings imply that limiting nitrogen input alone can effectively reduce biomass; however, controlling A. carotinosum and its toxins at higher temperatures under nitrate limitation is necessary for water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridhar Babu Anam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Deagu, South Korea.,Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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24
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Facey JA, Michie LE, King JJ, Hitchcock JN, Apte SC, Mitrovic SM. Severe cyanobacterial blooms in an Australian lake; causes and factors controlling succession patterns. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 117:102284. [PMID: 35944962 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms have major impacts on the ecological integrity and anthropogenic value of freshwater systems. Chrysosporum ovalisporum, a potentially toxic cyanobacteria has been rare in Australian waters until recently when is has bloomed in a number of lake and river systems. The aim of this study was to determine drivers of its growth and growing dominance. We performed regular monitoring of Mannus Lake, a small freshwater reservoir in South-Eastern Australia that has recently undergone extremely dense bloom events. Blooms of the diazotrophic Chrysosporum ovalisporum occurred in both summers of the 19 month study during periods of persistent thermal stratification. Following the C. ovalisporum blooms, non-diazotrophic taxa (Microcystis aeruginosa and Woronichinia sp.) dominated the phytoplankton community under less stratified conditions. Thermal stratification and nitrogen availability appeared to be the primary drivers of changes in cyanobacterial community structure. We propose that the observed transition from C. ovalisporum to M. aeruginosa and/or Woronichinia sp. may be a result of nitrogen limitation in early summer, which combined with persistent thermal stratification led to an ecological advantage for the nitrogen-fixing C. ovalisporum. Mixing events caused the senescence of the C. ovalisporum bloom, likely supplementing the nutrient budget of the lake with atmospherically derived N and alleviating N limitation to non-diazotrophic taxa. Non-diazotrophic cyanobacterial growth then increased, albeit at much lower biovolumes compared to the initial bloom. Overall, the results demonstrate the role of thermal stratification and nutrient cycling in structuring the cyanobacterial community and provide insights into the environmental factors driving the proliferation of the relatively new, potentially toxic cyanobacterium C. ovalisporum in Australian waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Facey
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - Laura E Michie
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Narrandera Fisheries Centre, PO Box 182, Narrandera, New South Wales, 2700, Australia
| | - Josh J King
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, 2234, Australia
| | - James N Hitchcock
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Simon C Apte
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, 2234, Australia
| | - Simon M Mitrovic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2000, Australia
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Gao H, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Ju F. Cyanopeptides restriction and degradation co-mediate microbiota assembly during a freshwater cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (CyanoHAB). WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118674. [PMID: 35661508 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are globally intensifying and exacerbated by climate change and eutrophication. However, microbiota assembly mechanisms underlying CyanoHABs remain elusive. Especially, cyanopeptides, as a group of bioactive secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria, could affect microbiota assembly and ecosystem function. Here, the trajectory of cyanopeptides was followed and linked to microbiota during Microcystis-dominated CyanoHABs in Lake Taihu, China. The most abundant cyanopeptide classes detected included microginin, spumigin, microcystin, nodularin and cyanopeptolin with total MC-LR-equivalent concentrations between 0.23 and 2051.54 ppb, of which cyanotoxins beyond microcystins (e.g., cyanostatin B and nodularin_R) far exceeded reported organismal IC50 and negatively correlated with microbiota diversity, exerting potential collective eco-toxicities stronger than microcystins alone. The microbial communities were differentiated by size fraction and sampling date throughout CyanoHABs, and surprisingly, their variances were better explained by cyanopeptides (19-38%) than nutrients (0-16%). Cyanopeptides restriction (e.g., inhibition) and degradation were first quantitatively verified as the deterministic drivers governing community assembly, with stochastic processes being associated with the interplay between cyanopeptide dynamics and lake microbiota. This study presents an emerging paradigm in which cyanopeptides restriction and degradation co-mediate lake water microbiota assembly, unveiling new insights into the ecotoxicological significance of CyanoHABs to freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ze Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
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26
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Buley RP, Gladfelter MF, Fernandez-Figueroa EG, Wilson AE. Can correlational analyses help determine the drivers of microcystin occurrence in freshwater ecosystems? A meta-analysis of microcystin and associated water quality parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:493. [PMID: 35690674 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin (MC) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by select cyanobacteria that threatens aquatic and terrestrial organisms over a diverse range of freshwater systems. To assess the relationship between environmental parameters and MC, researchers frequently utilize correlational analyses. This statistical methodology has proved useful when summarizing complex water quality monitoring datasets, but the correlations between select parameters and MC have been documented to vary widely across studies and systems. Such variation within the peer-reviewed literature leaves uncertainty for resource managers when developing a MC monitoring program. The objective of this research is to determine if correlational analyses between environmental parameters and MC are helpful to resource managers desiring to understand the drivers of MC. Environmental (i.e., physical, chemical, and biological) and MC correlation data were retrieved from an estimated 2,643 waterbodies (largely from the north temperate region) and synthesized using a Fisher's z meta-analysis. Common water quality parameters, such as chlorophyll, temperature, and pH, were positively correlated with MC, while transparency was negatively correlated. Interestingly, 12 of the 15 studied nitrogen parameters, including total nitrogen, were not significantly correlated with MC. In contrast, three of the four studied phosphorus parameters, including total phosphorus, were positively related to MC. Results from this synthesis quantitatively reinforces the usefulness of commonly measured environmental parameters to monitor for conditions related to MC occurrence; however, correlational analyses by themselves are often ineffective and considering what role a parameter plays in the ecology of cyanobacterial blooms in addition to MC production is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley P Buley
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Matthew F Gladfelter
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | - Alan E Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Pradhan B, Ki JS. Phytoplankton Toxins and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications: A Journey toward the Quest for Potent Pharmaceuticals. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040271. [PMID: 35447944 PMCID: PMC9030253 DOI: 10.3390/md20040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton are prominent organisms that contain numerous bioactive substances and secondary metabolites, including toxins, which can be valuable to pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and biotechnological industries. Studies on toxins produced by phytoplankton such as cyanobacteria, diatoms, and dinoflagellates have become more prevalent in recent years and have sparked much interest in this field of research. Because of their richness and complexity, they have great potential as medicinal remedies and biological exploratory probes. Unfortunately, such toxins are still at the preclinical and clinical stages of development. Phytoplankton toxins are harmful to other organisms and are hazardous to animals and human health. However, they may be effective as therapeutic pharmacological agents for numerous disorders, including dyslipidemia, obesity, cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. In this review, we have focused on the properties of different toxins produced by phytoplankton, as well as their beneficial effects and potential biomedical applications. The anticancer properties exhibited by phytoplankton toxins are mainly attributed to their apoptotic effects. As a result, phytoplankton toxins are a promising strategy for avoiding postponement or cancer treatment. Moreover, they also displayed promising applications in other ailments and diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, AIDS, fungal, bacterial, schizophrenia, inflammation, allergy, osteoporosis, asthma, and pain. Preclinical and clinical applications of phytoplankton toxins, as well as future directions of their enhanced nano-formulations for improved clinical efficacy, have also been reviewed.
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Christensen VG, Olds HT, Norland J, Khan E. Phytoplankton community interactions and cyanotoxin mixtures in three recurring surface blooms within one lake. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:128142. [PMID: 35042050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria can produce numerous secondary metabolites (cyanotoxins) with various toxicities, yet data on cyanotoxins in many lakes are limited. Moreover, little research is available on complex relations among cyanobacteria that produce toxins. Therefore, we studied cyanobacteria and 19 cyanotoxins at three sites with recurring blooms in Kabetogama Lake (USA). Seven of 19 toxins were detected in various combinations. Anabaenopeptin A and B were detected in every sample. Microcystin-YR was detected more frequently than microcystin-LR, unlike other lakes in the region. Microcystin-YR concentrations, however, generally were low; two samples exceeded drinking water guidelines and no samples exceeded recreational guidelines. Anabaenopeptins correlated with six cyanobacterial taxa, most of which lack available literature on peptide production. The potential toxin producing cyanobacteria, Microcystis, was significantly correlated to microcystin-YR. Pseudanabaena sp. and Synechococcus sp. had strong negative correlations with several toxins that may indicate competition or stress between organisms. Non-metric multidimensional scaling identified three cyanobacterial pairs that may reflect symbiotic or antagonistic relations. This study highlights interactions among cyanobacteria and multiple cyanotoxins and the methods used may be useful for uncovering additional patterns in cyanobacteria communities in other systems, leading to further understanding of how those interactions lead to toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Christensen
- US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 2280 Woodale Dr., Mounds View , MN, USA; North Dakota State University, Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, 1300 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Hayley T Olds
- US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 2280 Woodale Dr., Mounds View , MN, USA
| | - Jack Norland
- North Dakota State University, Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, 1300 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Eakalak Khan
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Tanvir RU, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Lu J. Cyanobacterial community succession and associated cyanotoxin production in hypereutrophic and eutrophic freshwaters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118056. [PMID: 34488165 PMCID: PMC8547520 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) in freshwater bodies are mainly attributed to excess loading of nutrients [nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)]. This study provides a comprehensive review of how the existing nutrient (i.e., N and P) conditions and microbial ecological factors affect cyanobacterial community succession and cyanotoxin production in freshwaters. Different eutrophic scenarios (i.e., hypereutrophic vs. eutrophic conditions) in the presence of (i) high levels of N and P, (ii) a relatively high level of P but a low level of N, and (iii) a relatively high level of N but a low level of P, are discussed in association with cyanobacterial community succession and cyanotoxin production. The seasonal cyanobacterial community succession is mostly regulated by temperature in hypereutrophic freshwaters, where both temperature and nitrogen fixation play a critical role in eutrophic freshwaters. While the early cyanoHAB mitigation strategies focus on reducing P from water bodies, many more studies show that both N and P have a profound contribution to cyanobacterial blooms and toxin production. The availability of N often shapes the structure of the cyanobacterial community (e.g., the relative abundance of N2-fixing and non-N2-fixing cyanobacterial genera) and is positively linked to the levels of microcystin. Ecological aspects of cyanotoxin production and release, related functional genes, and corresponding nutrient and environmental conditions are also elucidated. Research perspectives on cyanoHABs and cyanobacterial community succession are discussed and presented with respect to the following: (i) role of internal nutrients and their species, (ii) P- and N-based control vs. solely P-based control of cyanoHABs, and (iii) molecular investigations and prediction of cyanotoxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahamat Ullah Tanvir
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
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Harmful algal blooms and cyanotoxins in Lake Amatitlán, Guatemala, coincided with ancient Maya occupation in the watershed. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2109919118. [PMID: 34810262 PMCID: PMC8640734 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109919118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced deforestation and soil erosion were environmental stressors for the ancient Maya of Mesoamerica. Furthermore, intense, periodic droughts during the Terminal Classic Period, ca. Common Era 830 to 950, have been documented from lake sediment cores and speleothems. Today, lakes worldwide that are surrounded by dense human settlement and intense riparian land use often develop algae/cyanobacteria blooms that can compromise water quality by depleting oxygen and producing toxins. Such environmental impacts have rarely been explored in the context of ancient Maya settlement. We measured nutrients, biomarkers for cyanobacteria, and the cyanotoxin microcystin in a sediment core from Lake Amatitlán, highland Guatemala, which spans the last ∼2,100 y. The lake is currently hypereutrophic and characterized by high cyanotoxin concentrations from persistent blooms of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa Our paleolimnological data show that harmful cyanobacteria blooms and cyanotoxin production occurred during periods of ancient Maya occupation. Highest prehistoric concentrations of cyanotoxins in the sediment coincided with alterations of the water system in the Maya city of Kaminaljuyú, and changes in nutrient stoichiometry and maximum cyanobacteria abundance were coeval with times of greatest ancient human populations in the watershed. These prehistoric episodes of cyanobacteria proliferation and cyanotoxin production rivaled modern conditions in the lake, with respect to both bloom magnitude and toxicity. This suggests that pre-Columbian Maya occupation of the Lake Amatitlán watershed negatively impacted water potability. Prehistoric cultural eutrophication indicates that human-driven nutrient enrichment of water bodies is not an exclusively modern phenomenon and may well have been a stressor for the ancient Maya.
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Le Moigne D, Demay J, Reinhardt A, Bernard C, Kim Tiam S, Marie B. Dynamics of the Metabolome of Aliinostoc sp. PMC 882.14 in Response to Light and Temperature Variations. Metabolites 2021; 11:745. [PMID: 34822403 PMCID: PMC8618397 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are microorganisms able to adapt to a wide variety of environmental conditions and abiotic stresses. They produce a large number of metabolites that can participate in the dynamic adaptation of cyanobacteria to a range of different light, temperature, and nutrient conditions. Studying the metabolite profile is one way to understand how the physiological status of cells is related to their adaptive response. In this study, we sought to understand how the diversity and dynamics of the whole metabolome depended on the growth phase and various abiotic factors such as light intensity and temperature. The cyanobacterium, Aliinostoc sp. PMC 882.14, was selected for its large number of biosynthetic gene clusters. One group of cells was grown under normal conditions as a control, while other groups were grown under higher light or temperature. Metabolomes were analyzed by mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS/MS) combined with untargeted analysis to investigate metabolite dynamics, and significant variation was found between exponential and stationary phases, regardless of culture conditions. In the higher light group, the synthesis of several metabolites, including shinorine, was induced while other metabolites, such as microviridins, were synthesized under higher temperature conditions. Among highly regulated metabolites, we observed the presence of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and variants of somamides, microginins, and microviridins. This study demonstrated the importance of considering the physiological state of cyanobacteria for comparative global metabolomics and studies of the regulatory processes involved in production of specific metabolites. Our results also open up new perspectives on the use of organisms such as cyanobacteria for the targeted production of bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Le Moigne
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes (MCAM) MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, CEDEX 05, F-75231 Paris, France; (D.L.M.); (J.D.); (C.B.); (S.K.T.)
| | - Justine Demay
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes (MCAM) MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, CEDEX 05, F-75231 Paris, France; (D.L.M.); (J.D.); (C.B.); (S.K.T.)
- Thermes de Balaruc-Les-Bains, 1 Rue du Mont Saint-Clair BP 45, 34540 Balaruc-Les-Bains, France;
| | - Anita Reinhardt
- Thermes de Balaruc-Les-Bains, 1 Rue du Mont Saint-Clair BP 45, 34540 Balaruc-Les-Bains, France;
| | - Cécile Bernard
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes (MCAM) MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, CEDEX 05, F-75231 Paris, France; (D.L.M.); (J.D.); (C.B.); (S.K.T.)
| | - Sandra Kim Tiam
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes (MCAM) MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, CEDEX 05, F-75231 Paris, France; (D.L.M.); (J.D.); (C.B.); (S.K.T.)
- UMR5557 Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, Université de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes (MCAM) MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 Rue Buffon, CEDEX 05, F-75231 Paris, France; (D.L.M.); (J.D.); (C.B.); (S.K.T.)
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Tee HS, Wood SA, Bouma-Gregson K, Lear G, Handley KM. Genome Streamlining, Plasticity, and Metabolic Versatility Distinguish Co-occurring Toxic and Nontoxic Cyanobacterial Strains of Microcoleus. mBio 2021; 12:e0223521. [PMID: 34700377 PMCID: PMC8546630 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02235-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial bloom occurrences have increased worldwide due to climate change and eutrophication, causing nuisance and animal deaths. Species from the benthic cyanobacterial genus Microcoleus are ubiquitous and form thick mats in freshwater systems, such as rivers, that are sometimes toxic due to the production of potent neurotoxins (anatoxins). Anatoxin-producing (toxic) strains typically coexist with non-anatoxin-producing (nontoxic) strains in mats, although the reason for this is unclear. To determine the genetic mechanisms differentiating toxic and nontoxic Microcoleus, we sequenced and assembled genomes from 11 cultures and compared these to another 31 Microcoleus genomes. Average nucleotide identities (ANI) indicate that toxic and nontoxic strains are distinct species (ANI, <95%), and only 6% of genes are shared across all 42 genomes, suggesting a high level of genetic divergence among Microcoleus strains. Comparative genomics showed substantial genome streamlining in toxic strains and a potential dependency on external sources for thiamine and sucrose. Toxic and nontoxic strains are further differentiated by an additional set of putative nitrate transporter (nitrogen uptake) and cyanophycin (carbon and nitrogen storage) genes, respectively. These genes likely confer distinct competitive advantages based on nutrient availability and suggest nontoxic strains are more robust to nutrient fluctuations. Nontoxic strains also possess twice as many transposable elements, potentially facilitating greater genetic adaptation to environmental changes. Our results offer insights into the divergent evolution of Microcoleus strains and the potential for cooperative and competitive interactions that contribute to the co-occurrence of toxic and nontoxic species within mats. IMPORTANCE Microcoleus autumnalis, and closely related Microcoleus species, compose a geographically widespread group of freshwater benthic cyanobacteria. Canine deaths due to anatoxin-a poisoning, following exposure to toxic proliferations, have been reported globally. While Microcoleus proliferations are on the rise, the mechanisms underpinning competition between, or coexistence of, toxic and nontoxic strains are unknown. This study identifies substantial genetic differences between anatoxin-producing and non-anatoxin-producing strains, pointing to reduced metabolic flexibility in toxic strains, and potential dependence on cohabiting nontoxic strains. Results provide insights into the metabolic and evolutionary differences between toxic and nontoxic Microcoleus, which may assist in predicting and managing aquatic proliferations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Sze Tee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Keith Bouma-Gregson
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gavin Lear
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kim M. Handley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Nguyen TAD, Nguyen LT, Enright A, Pham LT, Tran HYT, Tran TT, Nguyen VHT, Tran DN. Health risk assessment related to cyanotoxins exposure of a community living near Tri An Reservoir, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56079-56091. [PMID: 34041668 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanotoxins released by cyanobacteria are currently a concern due to potential impacts on plants, animals, and human health. Many instances of cyanotoxin poisoning have been reported around the world, including acute, chronic, and fatal cases. In recent years, the Tri An Reservoir (TAR) in Vietnam has experienced influxes of cyanotoxins from toxic blue-green algae at levels which exceed the World Health Organization's (WHO) permitted level of 1 μg/L. Previous studies have focused on assessing cyanobacterial diversity, the presence of cyanotoxins in water, or the effect on aquatic plants and animals. Therefore, this study aims to assess the health risks associated with cyanobacteria exposure for people living near the TAR in Dong Nai Province, Vietnam, using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. In total, 120 water samples were collected at five points of the reservoir from 2017 to 2019. Seventy-five local people who have been exposed to the water from the reservoir were interviewed. Microcystin (MC) concentration was measured with a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) system and was used to assess the health risk to local people. The results showed that the MC concentration in raw water ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 18.67 μg/L in 2017 and from BDL to 8.6 μg/L in 2019, with the predominant variant being MC-RR. The concentration of MCs in the TAR in 2017 and 2019 exceeded the WHO's permitted level of 1 μg/L by 76% and 19%, respectively. The results showed that the rate of MC exposure likely to cause cancer was approximately 1-5%. The oral exposure rate while bathing was less than 2.5%. Direct oral exposure of cyanobacteria with no carcinogenicity was relatively high (40-50%) and the most affected group was adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien An Dao Nguyen
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 217 Hong Bang Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Linh Thi Nguyen
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 217 Hong Bang Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alexis Enright
- Institute of Environmental Science, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Luu Thanh Pham
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Hoang Yen Thi Tran
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thai Thanh Tran
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van Ha Thi Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, 236B Le Van Sy Street, Tan Binh District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Ngoc Tran
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 217 Hong Bang Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Vilar MCP, da Costa Pena Rodrigues TF, da Silva Ferrão-Filho A, de Oliveira E Azevedo SMF. Grazer-Induced Chemical Defense in a Microcystin-Producing Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) Exposed to Daphnia gessneri Infochemicals. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:847-858. [PMID: 34569003 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that compose phytoplankton and therefore have a trophic relationship with zooplankton, which represent an important link for energy flux in aquatic food webs. Several species can form blooms and produce bioactive metabolites known as cyanotoxins. However, the ecological and adaptative role of these toxins are still under debate. Many studies have addressed the cyanotoxins' function in defense against herbivory when grazing pressure by zooplankton plays a role in phytoplankton top-down control. Thus, the present study evaluated the ecophysiological responses of the cyanobacterial strain Microcystis aeruginosa NPLJ-4 underlying the chemical induced defense against the cladoceran Daphnia gessneri. Exposure to predator infochemicals consisted of cultures established in ASM-1 medium prepared in a filtrate from a culture of adults of D. gessneri at an environmentally relevant density. Daphnia infochemicals promoted a significant increase in toxin production by M. aeruginosa. However, no differences in growth were observed, despite a significant increase in both maximum photosynthetic efficiency and electron transport rate in response to zooplankton. Additionally, there was no significant variation in the production of exopolysaccharides. Overall, although a grazer-induced defense response was demonstrated, there were no effects on M. aeruginosa fitness, which maintained its growth in the presence of Daphnia alarm cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cesar Palmeira Vilar
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-902, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Ferreira da Costa Pena Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-902, Brazil
| | - Aloysio da Silva Ferrão-Filho
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Promotion of Environmental Health, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Feliciano de Oliveira E Azevedo
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-902, Brazil
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Naknaen A, Ratsameepakai W, Suttinun O, Sukpondma Y, Khan E, Pomwised R. Microcystis Sp. Co-Producing Microcystin and Saxitoxin from Songkhla Lake Basin, Thailand. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090631. [PMID: 34564635 PMCID: PMC8472854 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Songkhla Lake Basin (SLB) located in Southern Thailand, has been increasingly polluted by urban and industrial wastewater, while the lake water has been intensively used. Here, we aimed to investigate cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in the SLB. Ten cyanobacteria isolates were identified as Microcystis genus based on16S rDNA analysis. All isolates harbored microcystin genes, while five of them carried saxitoxin genes. On day 15 of culturing, the specific growth rate and Chl-a content were 0.2-0.3 per day and 4 µg/mL. The total extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content was 0.37-0.49 µg/mL. The concentration of soluble EPS (sEPS) was 2 times higher than that of bound EPS (bEPS). The protein proportion in both sEPS and bEPS was higher than the carbohydrate proportion. The average of intracellular microcystins (IMCs) was 0.47 pg/cell on day 15 of culturing, while extracellular microcystins (EMCs) were undetectable. The IMCs were dramatically produced at the exponential phase, followed by EMCs release at the late exponential phase. On day 30, the total microcystins (MCs) production reached 2.67 pg/cell. Based on liquid chromatograph-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, three new MCs variants were proposed. This study is the first report of both decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) and new MCs congeners synthesized by Microcystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ampapan Naknaen
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand; (A.N.); (O.S.)
| | - Waraporn Ratsameepakai
- Office of Scientific Instrument and Testing, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand;
| | - Oramas Suttinun
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand; (A.N.); (O.S.)
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yaowapa Sukpondma
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand;
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA;
| | - Rattanaruji Pomwised
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-74-288-325
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Anabaenopeptins: What We Know So Far. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080522. [PMID: 34437393 PMCID: PMC8402340 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are microorganisms with photosynthetic mechanisms capable of colonizing several distinct environments worldwide. They can produce a vast spectrum of bioactive compounds with different properties, resulting in an improved adaptative capacity. Their richness in secondary metabolites is related to their unique and diverse metabolic apparatus, such as Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases (NRPSs). One important class of peptides produced by the non-ribosomal pathway is anabaenopeptins. These cyclic hexapeptides demonstrated inhibitory activity towards phosphatases and proteases, which could be related to their toxicity and adaptiveness against zooplankters and crustaceans. Thus, this review aims to identify key features related to anabaenopeptins, including the diversity of their structure, occurrence, the biosynthetic steps for their production, ecological roles, and biotechnological applications.
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Influence of Environmental Factors on Occurrence of Cyanobacteria and Abundance of Saxitoxin-Producing Cyanobacteria in a Subtropical Drinking Water Reservoir in Brazil. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of cyanobacteria are frequent in Brazilian water reservoirs used for drinking water. The warning for the presence of potential toxin-producing cyanobacteria is typically based on time-consuming microscopy, rather than specific molecular detection of toxic genes in cyanobacteria. In this study, we developed a quantitative PCR assay for the detection of cyanobacteria producing the neurotoxin saxitoxin (STX). The assay targets the sxtA gene in the sxt gene cluster. Potential and dominant STX-producers in the Itupararanga reservoir were the genera Raphidiopsis, Aphanizomenon and Geitlerinema. Numbers of the sxtA gene varied from 6.76 × 103 to 7.33 × 105 cells mL−1 and correlated positively with SXT concentrations in the water. Concentrations of STX and the sxtA gene also correlated positively with TN:TP ratio and pH, but correlated negatively with inorganic nutrients and turbidity, confirming that regulation of the SXT production was impacted by environmental variables. In contrast, the occurrence of another cyanotoxin, microcystin, did not correlate with any environmental variables. The developed qPCR assay was found to be a rapid and robust approach for the specific quantification of potential STX-producing cyanobacteria and should be considered in future investigations on toxic cyanobacteria to provide an early warning of potential toxin episodes.
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Bridging Cyanobacteria to Neurodegenerative Diseases: A New Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds against Alzheimer's Disease. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060343. [PMID: 34208482 PMCID: PMC8235772 DOI: 10.3390/md19060343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a drawback in society given the ageing population. Dementias are the most prevalent NDs, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) representing around 70% of all cases. The current pharmaceuticals for AD are symptomatic and with no effects on the progression of the disease. Thus, research on molecules with therapeutic relevance has become a major focus for the scientific community. Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes rich in biomolecules with confirmed activity in pathologies such as cancer, and with feasible potential in NDs such as AD. In this review, we aimed to compile the research works focused in the anti-AD potential of cyanobacteria, namely regarding the inhibition of the enzyme β-secretase (BACE1) as a fundamental enzyme in the generation of β-amyloid (Aβ), the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) lead to an increase in the availability of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as phenomena associated with neurodegeneration mechanisms.
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Vilar MCP, Rodrigues TFCP, Silva LO, Pacheco ABF, Ferrão-Filho AS, Azevedo SMFO. Ecophysiological Aspects and sxt Genes Expression Underlying Induced Chemical Defense in STX-Producing Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) against the Zooplankter Daphnia gessneri. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:406. [PMID: 34200983 PMCID: PMC8230027 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria stand out among phytoplankton when they form massive blooms and produce toxins. Because cyanotoxin genes date to the origin of metazoans, the hypothesis that cyanotoxins function as a defense against herbivory is still debated. Although their primary cellular function might vary, these metabolites could have evolved as an anti-predator response. Here we evaluated the physiological and molecular responses of a saxitoxin-producing Raphidiopsis raciborskii to infochemicals released by the grazer Daphnia gessneri. Induced chemical defenses were evidenced in R. raciborskii as a significant increase in the transcription level of sxt genes, followed by an increase in saxitoxin content when exposed to predator cues. Moreover, cyanobacterial growth decreased, and no significant effects on photosynthesis or morphology were observed. Overall, the induced defense response was accompanied by a trade-off between toxin production and growth. These results shed light on the mechanisms underlying zooplankton-cyanobacteria interactions in aquatic food webs. The widespread occurrence of the cyanobacterium R. raciborskii in freshwater bodies has been attributed to its phenotypic plasticity. Assessing the potential of this species to thrive over interaction filters such as zooplankton grazing pressure can enhance our understanding of its adaptive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro C. P. Vilar
- Laboratory Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-902, Brazil; (T.F.C.P.R.); (L.O.S.); (S.M.F.O.A.)
| | - Thiago F. C. P. Rodrigues
- Laboratory Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-902, Brazil; (T.F.C.P.R.); (L.O.S.); (S.M.F.O.A.)
| | - Luan O. Silva
- Laboratory Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-902, Brazil; (T.F.C.P.R.); (L.O.S.); (S.M.F.O.A.)
| | - Ana Beatriz F. Pacheco
- Laboratory Biological Physics, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-902, Brazil;
| | - Aloysio S. Ferrão-Filho
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Promotion of Environmental Health, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Sandra M. F. O. Azevedo
- Laboratory Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-902, Brazil; (T.F.C.P.R.); (L.O.S.); (S.M.F.O.A.)
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Bertani P, Lu W. Cyanobacterial toxin biosensors for environmental monitoring and protection. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2021.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050322. [PMID: 33946968 PMCID: PMC8145420 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes the available knowledge on toxins and their producers from rather disparate algal assemblages of aeroterrestrial, airborne and other versatile extreme environments (hot springs, deserts, ice, snow, caves, etc.) and on phycotoxins as contaminants of emergent concern in soil and plants. There is a growing body of evidence that algal toxins and their producers occur in all general types of extreme habitats, and cyanobacteria/cyanoprokaryotes dominate in most of them. Altogether, 55 toxigenic algal genera (47 cyanoprokaryotes) were enlisted, and our analysis showed that besides the “standard” toxins, routinely known from different waterbodies (microcystins, nodularins, anatoxins, saxitoxins, cylindrospermopsins, BMAA, etc.), they can produce some specific toxic compounds. Whether the toxic biomolecules are related with the harsh conditions on which algae have to thrive and what is their functional role may be answered by future studies. Therefore, we outline the gaps in knowledge and provide ideas for further research, considering, from one side, the health risk from phycotoxins on the background of the global warming and eutrophication and, from the other side, the current surge of interest which phycotoxins provoke due to their potential as novel compounds in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, bioremediation, agriculture and all aspects of biotechnological implications in human life.
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Cordeiro R, Azevedo J, Luz R, Vasconcelos V, Gonçalves V, Fonseca A. Cyanotoxin Screening in BACA Culture Collection: Identification of New Cylindrospermopsin Producing Cyanobacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040258. [PMID: 33916821 PMCID: PMC8065757 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs), Saxitoxins (STXs), and Cylindrospermopsins (CYNs) are some of the more well-known cyanotoxins. Taking into consideration the impacts of cyanotoxins, many studies have focused on the identification of unknown cyanotoxin(s)-producing strains. This study aimed to screen strains from the Azorean Bank of Algae and Cyanobacteria (BACA) for MCs, STX, and CYN production. A total of 157 strains were searched for mcy, sxt, and cyr producing genes by PCR, toxin identification by ESI-LC-MS/MS, and cyanotoxin-producing strains morphological identification and confirmation by 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. Cyanotoxin-producing genes were amplified in 13 strains and four were confirmed as toxin producers by ESI-LC-MS/MS. As expected Aphanizomenon gracile BACA0041 was confirmed as an STX producer, with amplification of genes sxtA, sxtG, sxtH, and sxtI, and Microcystis aeruginosa BACA0148 as an MC-LR producer, with amplification of genes mcyC, mcyD, mcyE, and mcyG. Two nostocalean strains, BACA0025 and BACA0031, were positive for both cyrB and cyrC genes and ESI-LC-MS/MS confirmed CYN production. Although these strains morphologically resemble Sphaerospermopsis, the 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis reveals that they probably belong to a new genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cordeiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (R.L.); (V.G.); (A.F.)
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Joana Azevedo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research—CIIMAR/CIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Rúben Luz
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (R.L.); (V.G.); (A.F.)
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research—CIIMAR/CIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.A.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Gonçalves
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (R.L.); (V.G.); (A.F.)
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Amélia Fonseca
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (R.L.); (V.G.); (A.F.)
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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Duchnik K, Bialczyk J, Chrapusta-Srebrny E, Bober B. Inhibition of growth rate and cylindrospermopsin synthesis by Raphidiopsis raciborskii upon exposure to macrophyte Lemna trisulca (L). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:470-477. [PMID: 33710451 PMCID: PMC7987710 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Impact of macrophyte Lemna trisulca on the growth rate and synthesis of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) by cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii was determined. The presence of L. trisulca inhibited the biomass accumulation of the cyanobacterium by 25% compared to the control during co-cultivation. The simultaneous cultivation of these organisms slightly affected the inhibition of macrophyte growth rate by 5.5% compared to the control. However, no morphological changes of L. trisulca after incubation with cyanobacteria were observed. It was also shown that the long-term (35 days) co-cultivation of R. raciborskii and L. trisulca led to a decrease in CYN concentration in media and cyanobacterial cells by 32 and 38%, respectively, compared to the values obtained for independent cultivation of cyanobacterium. Excessive absorption of phosphate ions by L. trisulca from the medium compared to nitrate ions led to a significant increase in the nitrate:phosphate ratio in the media, which inhibits the development of cyanobacterium. The obtained results indicate that L. trisulca in the natural environment may affect the physiology of cyanobacteria. The presented study is the first assessment of the allelopathic interaction of macrophyte and R. raciborskii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Duchnik
- Department of Plant Physiology and Development, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jan Bialczyk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Development, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Chrapusta-Srebrny
- Department of Plant Physiology and Development, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Bober
- Department of Plant Physiology and Development, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Colas S, Marie B, Lance E, Quiblier C, Tricoire-Leignel H, Mattei C. Anatoxin-a: Overview on a harmful cyanobacterial neurotoxin from the environmental scale to the molecular target. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110590. [PMID: 33307089 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anatoxin-a (ATX-a) is a neurotoxic alkaloid, produced by several freshwater planktonic and benthic cyanobacteria (CB). Such CB have posed human and animal health issues for several years, as this toxin is able to cause neurologic symptoms in humans following food poisoning and death in wild and domestic animals. Different episodes of animal intoxication have incriminated ATX-a worldwide, as confirmed by the presence of ATX-a-producing CB in the consumed water or biofilm, or the observation of neurotoxic symptoms, which match experimental toxicity in vivo. Regarding toxicity parameters, toxicokinetics knowledge is currently incomplete and needs to be improved. The toxin can passively cross biological membranes and act rapidly on nicotinic receptors, its main molecular target. In vivo and in vitro acute effects of ATX-a have been studied and make possible to draw its mode of action, highlighting its deleterious effects on the nervous systems and its effectors, namely muscles, heart and vessels, and the respiratory apparatus. However, very little is known about its putative chronic toxicity. This review updates available data on ATX-a, from the ecodynamic of the toxin to its physiological and molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Colas
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN "Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Micro-organismes", Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Mitochondrial and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, UBL/Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN "Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Micro-organismes", Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Lance
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN "Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Micro-organismes", Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Quiblier
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN "Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Micro-organismes", Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Université de Paris - Paris Diderot, 5 rue Thomas Mann, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Tricoire-Leignel
- Mitochondrial and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, UBL/Angers University, Angers, France.
| | - César Mattei
- Mitochondrial and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, UBL/Angers University, Angers, France.
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45
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Yan M, Gu S, Pan C, Chen Y, Han X. MC-LR-induced interaction between M2 macrophage and biliary epithelial cell promotes biliary epithelial cell proliferation and migration through regulating STAT3. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:935-949. [PMID: 33474710 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) was produced by toxic cyanobacteria, which has been shown to have potent hepatotoxicity. Our previous study has proved that MC-LR were able to promote intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell excessive proliferation. However, the underlying mechanism is not yet entirely clarified. Herein, mice were fed with different concentrations (1, 7.5, 15, or 30 μg/L) of MC-LR by drinking water for 6 months. As the concentration of MC-LR increased, a growing number of macrophages were evaluated in the portal area of the mouse liver. Next, we built a co-culture system to explore the interaction between macrophages (THP-1 cells) and human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HiBECs) in the presence of MC-LR. Under the exposure of MC-LR, HiBECs secreted a large amount of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, COX-2, XCL-1) and chemokine (MCP-1), which produced a huge chemotactic effect on THP-1 cells and induced elevation of the surface M2-subtype biomarkers (IL-10, CD163, CCL22, and Arg-1). In turn, high content of IL-6 in the medium activated JAK2/STAT3, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/AKT pathways in HiBECs, inducing HiBEC abnormal proliferation and migration. Together, these results suggested that MC-LR-mediated interaction between HiBECs and macrophages induced the M2-type polarization of macrophages, and activated IL-6/JAK2/STAT3, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/AKT pathways in HiBECs, further enhanced cell proliferation, improved cell migration, and hindered cell apoptosis by activating p-STAT3. MC-LR stimulates HiBECs to produce various inflammatory factors, recruiting a large number of macrophages and promoting the differentiation of macrophages into M2-type. In turn, the M2 macrophages could also produce amounts of IL-6 and activate STAT3 through JAK2/STAT3, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/AKT pathways in HiBECs, resulting in the promotion of cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and enhancement of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Yan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shen Gu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
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46
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Christensen VG, Khan E. Freshwater neurotoxins and concerns for human, animal, and ecosystem health: A review of anatoxin-a and saxitoxin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139515. [PMID: 32485372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria are a concern worldwide because they can adversely affect humans, animals, and ecosystems. However, neurotoxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria are understudied relative to microcystin. Thus, the objective of this critical review was to provide a comprehensive examination of the modes of action, production, fate, and occurrence of the freshwater neurotoxins anatoxin-a and saxitoxin as they relate to human, animal, and ecosystem health. Literature on freshwater anatoxin-a and saxitoxin was obtained and reviewed for both laboratory and field studies. Current (2020) research identifies as many as 41 anatoxin-a producing species and 15 saxitoxin-producing species of freshwater cyanobacteria. Field studies indicate that anatoxin-a and saxitoxin have widespread distribution, and examples are given from every continent except Antarctica. Human and animal health concerns can range from acute to chronic. However, few researchers studied chronic or sublethal effects of freshwater exposures to anatoxin-a or saxitoxin. Ecosystem health also is a concern, as the effects of toxicity may be far reaching and include consequences throughout the food web. Several gaps in knowledge were identified for anatoxin-a and saxitoxin, including triggers of production and release, environmental fate and degradation, primary and secondary exposure routes, diel variation, food web effects, effects of cyanotoxin mixtures, and sublethal health effects on individual organisms and populations. Despite the gaps, this critical review facilitates our current understanding of freshwater neurotoxins and thus can serve to `` guide future research on anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, and other cyanotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Christensen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Mounds View, MN, USA; North Dakota State University, Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, Fargo, ND, USA.
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada - Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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47
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Sidelev S, Zubishina A, Chernova E. Distribution of microcystin-producing genes in Microcystis colonies from some Russian freshwaters: Is there any correlation with morphospecies and colony size? Toxicon 2020; 184:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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48
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Kust A, Řeháková K, Vrba J, Maicher V, Mareš J, Hrouzek P, Chiriac MC, Benedová Z, Tesařová B, Saurav K. Insight into Unprecedented Diversity of Cyanopeptides in Eutrophic Ponds Using an MS/MS Networking Approach. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E561. [PMID: 32878042 PMCID: PMC7551678 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Man-made shallow fishponds in the Czech Republic have been facing high eutrophication since the 1950s. Anthropogenic eutrophication and feeding of fish have strongly affected the physicochemical properties of water and its aquatic community composition, leading to harmful algal bloom formation. In our current study, we characterized the phytoplankton community across three eutrophic ponds to assess the phytoplankton dynamics during the vegetation season. We microscopically identified and quantified 29 cyanobacterial taxa comprising non-toxigenic and toxigenic species. Further, a detailed cyanopeptides (CNPs) profiling was performed using molecular networking analysis of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) data coupled with a dereplication strategy. This MS networking approach, coupled with dereplication, on the online global natural product social networking (GNPS) web platform led us to putatively identify forty CNPs: fourteen anabaenopeptins, ten microcystins, five cyanopeptolins, six microginins, two cyanobactins, a dipeptide radiosumin, a cyclooctapeptide planktocyclin, and epidolastatin 12. We applied the binary logistic regression to estimate the CNPs producers by correlating the GNPS data with the species abundance. The usage of the GNPS web platform proved a valuable approach for the rapid and simultaneous detection of a large number of peptides and rapid risk assessments for harmful blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Kust
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.M.); (P.H.)
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (K.Ř.); (J.V.); (M.-C.C.)
| | - Klára Řeháková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (K.Ř.); (J.V.); (M.-C.C.)
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vrba
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (K.Ř.); (J.V.); (M.-C.C.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vincent Maicher
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Jan Mareš
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.M.); (P.H.)
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (K.Ř.); (J.V.); (M.-C.C.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.M.); (P.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria-Cecilia Chiriac
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (K.Ř.); (J.V.); (M.-C.C.)
| | - Zdeňka Benedová
- ENKI, o.p.s. Třeboň, Dukelská 145, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (Z.B.); (B.T.)
| | - Blanka Tesařová
- ENKI, o.p.s. Třeboň, Dukelská 145, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (Z.B.); (B.T.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Applied Ecology Laboratory, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kumar Saurav
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.M.); (P.H.)
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49
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Cao H, Shimura Y, Steffen MM, Yang Z, Lu J, Joel A, Jenkins L, Kawachi M, Yin Y, Garcia-Pichel F. The Trait Repertoire Enabling Cyanobacteria to Bloom Assessed through Comparative Genomic Complexity and Metatranscriptomics. mBio 2020; 11:e01155-20. [PMID: 32605986 PMCID: PMC7327172 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01155-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Water bloom development due to eutrophication constitutes a case of niche specialization among planktonic cyanobacteria, but the genomic repertoire allowing bloom formation in only some species has not been fully characterized. We posited that the habitat relevance of a trait begets its underlying genomic complexity, so that traits within the repertoire would be differentially more complex in species successfully thriving in that habitat than in close species that cannot. To test this for the case of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, we curated 17 potentially relevant query metabolic pathways and five core pathways selected according to existing ecophysiological literature. The available 113 genomes were split into those of blooming (45) or nonblooming (68) strains, and an index of genomic complexity for each strain's version of each pathway was derived. We show that strain versions of all query pathways were significantly more complex in bloomers, with complexity in fact correlating positively with strain blooming incidence in 14 of those pathways. Five core pathways, relevant everywhere, showed no differential complexity or correlations. Gas vesicle, toxin and fatty acid synthesis, amino acid uptake, and C, N, and S acquisition systems were most strikingly relevant in the blooming repertoire. Further, we validated our findings using metagenomic gene expression analyses of blooming and nonblooming cyanobacteria in natural settings, where pathways in the repertoire were differentially overexpressed according to their relative complexity in bloomers, but not in nonbloomers. We expect that this approach may find applications to other habitats and organismal groups.IMPORTANCE We pragmatically delineate the trait repertoire that enables organismal niche specialization. We based our approach on the tenet, derived from evolutionary and complex-system considerations, that genomic units that can significantly contribute to fitness in a certain habitat will be comparatively more complex in organisms specialized to that habitat than their genomic homologs found in organisms from other habitats. We tested this in cyanobacteria forming harmful water blooms, for which decades-long efforts in ecological physiology and genomics exist. Our results essentially confirm that genomics and ecology can be linked through comparative complexity analyses, providing a tool that should be of general applicability for any group of organisms and any habitat, and enabling the posing of grounded hypotheses regarding the ecogenomic basis for diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huansheng Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Yohei Shimura
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Morgan M Steffen
- Biology Department, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingrang Lu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Allen Joel
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Landon Jenkins
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Masanobu Kawachi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yanbin Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ferran Garcia-Pichel
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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50
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Khomutovska N, Sandzewicz M, Łach Ł, Suska-Malawska M, Chmielewska M, Mazur-Marzec H, Cegłowska M, Niyatbekov T, Wood SA, Puddick J, Kwiatowski J, Jasser I. Limited Microcystin, Anatoxin and Cylindrospermopsin Production by Cyanobacteria from Microbial Mats in Cold Deserts. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040244. [PMID: 32290390 PMCID: PMC7232524 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic metabolites are produced by many cyanobacterial species. There are limited data on toxigenic benthic, mat-forming cyanobacteria, and information on toxic cyanobacteria from Central Asia is even more scarce. In the present study, we examined cyanobacterial diversity and community structure, the presence of genes involved in toxin production and the occurrence of cyanotoxins in cyanobacterial mats from small water bodies in a cold high-mountain desert of Eastern Pamir. Diversity was explored using amplicon-based sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, toxin potential using PCR-based methods (mcy, nda, ana, sxt), and toxins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Molecular identification of cyanobacteria showed a high similarity of abundant taxa to Nostoc PCC-73102, Nostoc PCC-7524, Nodularia PCC-935 and Leptolyngbya CYN68. The PCRs revealed the presence of mcyE and/or ndaF genes in 11 samples and mcyD in six. The partial sequences of the mcyE gene showed high sequence similarity to Nostoc, Planktothrix and uncultured cyanobacteria. LC-MS/MS analysis identified six microcystin congeners in two samples and unknown peptides in one. These results suggest that, in this extreme environment, cyanobacteria do not commonly produce microcystins, anatoxins and cylindrospermopsins, despite the high diversity and widespread occurrence of potentially toxic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Khomutovska
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (N.K.); (M.S.); (Ł.Ł.); (M.S.-M.); (M.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Sandzewicz
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (N.K.); (M.S.); (Ł.Ł.); (M.S.-M.); (M.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Łukasz Łach
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (N.K.); (M.S.); (Ł.Ł.); (M.S.-M.); (M.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Suska-Malawska
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (N.K.); (M.S.); (Ł.Ł.); (M.S.-M.); (M.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Monika Chmielewska
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (N.K.); (M.S.); (Ł.Ł.); (M.S.-M.); (M.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46 ave., 81-378 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Marta Cegłowska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland;
| | - Toirbek Niyatbekov
- Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics, Academy Science Republic of Tajikistan, 27 Karamov Str., Dushanbe 734017, Tajikistan;
| | - Susanna A. Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; (S.A.W.); (J.P.)
| | - Jonathan Puddick
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; (S.A.W.); (J.P.)
| | - Jan Kwiatowski
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (N.K.); (M.S.); (Ł.Ł.); (M.S.-M.); (M.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Iwona Jasser
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (N.K.); (M.S.); (Ł.Ł.); (M.S.-M.); (M.C.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-552-6680
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