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Amerifar M, Arabnozari H, Shokrzadeh M, Habibi E. Evaluation of antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of brown algae (nizamuddinia zanardinii) in uterine (hela) and pancreatic cancer cell lines (paca-2). Hum Exp Toxicol 2024; 43:9603271241227228. [PMID: 38238028 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241227228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cancer and cervical cancer are among the most common cancers. Brown algae have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, antioxidant, and immune-boosting properties. This study investigated the antioxidant properties and the effect of brown algae extract on pancreatic and uterine cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, Cervical (Hela) and pancreas (Paca-2) cancer cell lines were examined. The algae materials were extracted by sequential maceration method and amount of fucoxanthin content in the sample was determined by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system. The cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of brown algae was measured by the MTT assay. All statistical calculations for comparing IC50 were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism software. RESULTS the algal sample contained an average of 102.52 ± 0.12 μg of fucoxanthin per 100 g. IC50 for 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activity for methanolic extract was 2.02 and 11.98 ± 0.13 respectively. Brown algae in all fractions inhibited cell growth and survival. In Hela cell lines, the methanolic extract was the most effective inhibitor, while in Paca cell lines, hexane and methanolic extracts were particularly potent. The methanolic extract was more toxic than other fractions on Hela and Paca cell lines. CONCLUSION This study highlights brown algae extracts strong anticancer effects on uterine and pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting its potential as a natural anticancer drug. Different fractions of the extract showed superior apoptotic and cytotoxic effects, with higher concentrations leading to increased apoptotic effects and reduced survival rates of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Amerifar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hesamoddin Arabnozari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Emran Habibi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Kee PE, Phang SM, Lan JCW, Tan JS, Khoo KS, Chang JS, Ng HS. Tropical Seaweeds as a Sustainable Resource Towards Circular Bioeconomy: Insights and Way Forward. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00940-7. [PMID: 37938536 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are photosynthetic marine macroalgae known for their rapid biomass growth and their significant contributions to global food and feed production. Seaweeds play a crucial role in mitigating various environmental issues, including greenhouse gases, ocean acidification, hypoxia, and eutrophication. Tropical seaweeds are typically found in tropical and subtropical coastal zones with warmer water temperatures and abundant sunlight. These tropical seaweeds are rich sources of proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibers, polysaccharides, and bioactive compounds, contributing to their health-promoting properties and their diverse applications across a range of industries. The productivity, cultivability, nutritional quality, and edibility of tropical seaweeds have been well-documented. This review article begins with an introduction to the growth conditions of selected tropical seaweeds. Subsequently, the multifunctional properties of tropical seaweeds including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anti-carcinogenic and anti-proliferative, anti-viral, therapeutic and preventive properties were comprehensively evaluated. The potential application of tropical seaweeds as functional foods and feeds, as well as their contributions to sustainable cosmetics, bioenergy, and biofertilizer production were also highlighted. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers involved in seaweed farming as it provides current knowledge and insights into the cultivation and utilization of seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Kee
- Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Moi Phang
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - John Chi-Wei Lan
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, 32003, Taiwan.
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan.
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chungli, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Suan Ng
- Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Pradhan B, Ki JS. Antioxidant and chemotherapeutic efficacies of seaweed-derived phlorotannins in cancer treatment: A review regarding novel anticancer drugs. Phytother Res 2023; 37:2067-2091. [PMID: 36971337 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The ineffectiveness of traditional cancer therapies due to drug resistance, nontargeted delivery, and chemotherapy-associated adverse side effects has shifted attention to bioactive phytochemicals. Consequently, research efforts toward screening and identification of natural compounds with anticancer properties have increased in recent years. Marine seaweed-derived bioactive compounds, such as polyphenolic compounds, have exhibited anticancer properties. Phlorotannins (PTs), a major group of seaweed-derived polyphenolic compounds, have emerged as powerful chemopreventive and chemoprotective compounds, regulating apoptotic cell death pathways both in vitro and in vivo. In this context, this review focuses on the anticancer activity of polyphenols isolated from brown algae, with a special reference to PTs. Furthermore, we highlight the antioxidant effects of PTs and discuss how they can impact cell survival and tumor development and progression. Moreover, we discussed the potential therapeutic application of PTs as anticancer agents, having molecular mechanisms involving oxidative stress reduction. We have also discussed patents or patent applications that apply PTs as major components of antioxidant and antitumor products. With this review, researcher may gain new insights into the potential novel role of PTs, as well as uncover a novel cancer-prevention mechanism and improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, South Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar, 752101, India
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, South Korea
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4
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Miclon M, Courtot É, Guégnard F, Lenhof O, Boudesocque-Delaye L, Matard-Mann M, Nyvall Collén P, Castagnone-Sereno P, Neveu C. The Brown Alga Bifurcaria bifurcata Presents an Anthelmintic Activity on All Developmental Stages of the Parasitic Nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040540. [PMID: 37111426 PMCID: PMC10144559 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current control of gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic nematodes mainly relies on the widespread use of anthelmintics, which has inevitably led to resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new sources of antiparasitic compounds. Macroalgae represent a rich source of active molecules and are widely described as having medicinal properties. In the present study, we investigated the potential anthelmintic activity of aqueous extracts from three species of algae (Bifurcaria bifurcata, Grateloupia turuturu and Osmundea pinnatifida) on the murine parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. Using a set of complementary in vitro tests, including larval development assays, egg hatching tests and nematicidal activity assays on larvae and adults, we report the nematicidal activity of aqueous extracts of B. bifurcata. In addition, aqueous extract fractionation using liquid/liquid partitioning with a solvent of increasing polarity was performed in order to identify the groups of active molecules underlying the anthelmintic activity. Non-polar extracts (heptane, ethyl acetate) demonstrated high anthelmintic potential, highlighting the role of non-polar metabolites such as terpenes. Here, we highlight the strong anthelmintic potential of the brown alga B. bifurcata on a mouse model of GI parasites, thus confirming the strong interest in algae as natural alternatives for the control of parasitic nematodes.
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Saberi S, Modiri-Delshad T, Etemad-Moghadam S, Alaeddini M, Jamshidloo R, Ramazani A, Mohammadpour H, Hanna R, Khoobi M, Shahabi S. Efficacy of Synthesized Cubic Spirulina Platensis Photosensitizer in Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103511. [PMID: 36965756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming increasingly popular in cancer management. Photosensitizers derived from natural sources can offer additional health benefits and play a crucial role in enhancing the efficacy of PDT in cancer treatment. We herein synthesized a cubic form of spirulina platensis (SP) and compared its anticancer-PDT efficacy with the naturally-occurring microhelical SP (MSP) and phycocyanin (Pc) against a tongue cancer cell-line and fibroblast cells. Cubic SP (CSP) was synthesized and characterized using standard analyses. CAL-27 and HGF cell-lines were incubated at different concentrations with each photosensitizer and were irradiated with 635 nm diode-laser. The viability, cellular-uptake, apoptosis and oxidative stress potential were quantitatively analyzed and statistically compared at P<0.05. Our results demonstrated that all three photosensitizers were non-toxic to normal cells before laser irradiation. In CAL-27, viability significantly decreased after PDT in all photosensitizer groups (P<0.05). Whereas, in HGF, Pc exhibited phototoxicity after laser irradiation (P=0.032). Cell-death was mainly apoptotic in Pc and CSP, but necrotic in MSP. Cellular-uptake was significantly higher in Pc, but was similar in MSP and CSP. Increase in reactive oxygen species was significantly higher in the Pc group compared to both SPs (P<0.05). We concluded that both SPs were safe and efficient photosensitizers for anticancer-PDT. CSP exhibited predominant and significant apoptotic death in CAL-27 and HGF cell-lines, while MSP mainly induced necrotic cell death. Despite the good photosensitizing performance of Pc, its use in higher concentrations should be considered with caution, due to the reduced viability that occurred following its use in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Saberi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tayebeh Modiri-Delshad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, 45371-38791 Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Alaeddini
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rahele Jamshidloo
- Department of Management, Hidaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hidaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, 45371-38791 Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hadiseh Mohammadpour
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London, WC1E 6DE, UK; Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Biomaterials Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Sima Shahabi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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El-Sheekh MM, Nassef M, Bases E, Shafay SE, El-Shenody R. Antitumor immunity and therapeutic properties of marine seaweeds-derived extracts in the treatment of cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:267. [PMID: 35999584 PMCID: PMC9396856 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine seaweeds are important sources of drugs with several pharmacological characteristics. The present study aims to evaluate the antitumor and antitumor immunological potentials of the extracts from the brown alga Padinapavonica and the red alga Janiarubens, inhibiting the Egyptian marine coasts. Hep-G2 cell lines were used for assessment of the antitumor efficacy of Padinapavonica and Janiarubens extracts in vitro, while Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were applied to gain more antitumor immunity and antitumor insights of P.pavonica and J.rubens extracts in vivo. In vitro antitumor potentials of P.pavonica and J.rubens extracts were analyzed against human liver cancer Hep-G2 cells by MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. In vivo antitumor immunological potentials of P.pavonica and J.rubens extracts at low, high, and prophylactic doses were analyzed by blood counting and flow cytometry in mice challenged with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. In vitro results revealed that P.pavonica and J.rubens extracts caused significant decreases in the number and viability of Hep-G2 cells in a dose-dependent manner as compared to untreated Hep-G2 cells or Cisplatin®-treated Hep-G2 cells. In vivo findings showed that P.pavonica and J.rubens extracts at low, high, and prophylactic doses significantly reduced the number and viability of EAC tumor cells accompanied by increases in EAC apoptosis compared to naïve EAC mouse. Additionally, P.pavonica and J.rubens extracts at low and prophylactic doses remarkably increased both the total WBC count and the relative numbers of lymphocytes and decreased the relative numbers of neutrophils and monocytes. Flow cytometric analysis showed that P.pavonica and J.rubens extracts at the treatment and the prophylactic doses resulted in a significant increase in the phenotypic expressions of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD335 cells compared to naïve EAC mouse. Overall, both extracts P.pavonica and J.rubens possess potential antitumor and antitumor immunological effects with less toxicity, opening new approaches for further studies of the chemical and biological mechanisms behind these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M El-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Nassef
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Eman Bases
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Shimaa El Shafay
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Rania El-Shenody
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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8
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Effects of Agarum clathratum extract on cell death and calcium ion levels of ovarian cancer cell. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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PEGylated palladium doped ceria oxide nanoparticles (Pd-dop-CeO2-PEG NPs) for inhibition of bacterial pathogens and human lung cancer cell proliferation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Wu CJ, Yeh TP, Wang YJ, Hu HF, Tsay SL, Liu LC. Effectiveness of Fucoidan on Supplemental Therapy in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050923. [PMID: 35628061 PMCID: PMC9140503 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Fucoidan is a dietary supplement which is commonly used by cancer patients. However, despite evidence of positive effects in cell culture environments, there are currently no clinical guidelines for supplementary use of fucoidan in cancer patients. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fucoidan supplemental use. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using databases including Cochrane Library, JBI, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL. All original studies on fucoidan for supplemental use in cancer patients were included. The search was made in databases without time restriction. The outcomes included disease progression status, inflammatory markers, nutritional status, adverse effects, and quality of life. The appraisal tool used was JBI-MAStARI. Results: Four studies were included: One randomized controlled trial and three quasi-experimental studies. Meta-analysis was not applied due to the heterogeneity of measurement tools. Overall sample size was 118. Most participants were metastatic colorectal and gastric cancer patients. Two studies revealed a significantly longer survival time and chemotherapy treatment periods with fucoidan use. Positive but insignificant effects of disease control rate, inflammatory markers, nutrition status, fatigue, and financial difficulty were shown in those using fucoidan. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review indicate that the effects of fucoidan were inconsistent with clinical outcomes in metastatic or recurrent cancer patients. Only four studies were included, and heterogeneity in methodologies and relatively small sample sizes limited the research consensus. Although cause and effect between fucoidan and the survival time, disease control or adverse effects could not be confirmed, this study includes the most research on fucoidan in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jung Wu
- Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, No. 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 433304, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Pei Yeh
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jung Wang
- Department of Nursing, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Road, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan; (Y.-J.W.); (S.-L.T.)
| | - Hsiao-Fang Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Shiow-Luan Tsay
- Department of Nursing, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Road, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan; (Y.-J.W.); (S.-L.T.)
| | - Liang-Chih Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Manochkumar J, Doss CGP, Efferth T, Ramamoorthy S. Tumor preventive properties of selected marine pigments against colon and breast cancer. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Almeida J, Ferreira T, Santos S, Pires MJ, da Costa RMG, Medeiros R, Bastos MM, Neuparth MJ, Faustino-Rocha AI, Abreu H, Pereira R, Pacheco M, Gaivão I, Rosa E, Oliveira PA. The Red Seaweed Grateloupia turuturu Prevents Epidermal Dysplasia in HPV16-Transgenic Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124529. [PMID: 34960081 PMCID: PMC8707361 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary profiles in promoting or reducing the risk of multiple types of cancer is increasingly clear, driving the search for balanced foods and nutraceuticals. The red seaweed Grateloupia turuturu has been used as human food showing a balanced nutritional profile. This study aims to test in vivo chemopreventive effects of G. turuturu against cutaneous pre-malignant lesions in transgenic mice for the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16). Forty-four female HPV+/− or HPV−/− mice received a standard diet or were supplemented with 10% G. turuturu for 22 consecutive days. Cutaneous lesions (ear and chest skin) were identified histologically. Complementarily, the weights and histology of internal organs as well as blood biochemical and DNA integrity parameters were also assessed. G. turuturu consistently reduced the incidence of epidermal dysplasia induced by HPV16 on both cutaneous sites. Moreover, biochemical, DNA integrity and histological analyses confirmed G. turuturu edibility as no signs of toxicity were found. Dietary supplementation with G. turuturu is an effective and safe chemopreventive strategy in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (M.J.P.); (A.I.F.-R.)
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.M.G.d.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (M.J.P.); (A.I.F.-R.)
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.M.G.d.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Susana Santos
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (M.J.P.); (A.I.F.-R.)
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.M.G.d.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Maria J. Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (M.J.P.); (A.I.F.-R.)
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.M.G.d.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Rui M. Gil da Costa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.M.G.d.C.); (E.R.)
- Maranhão Tumour and DNA Biobank (BTMA), Post-graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- LPCC Research Department, Portuguese League against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida M.S.M. Bastos
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria J. Neuparth
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), 4585 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Faustino-Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (M.J.P.); (A.I.F.-R.)
- Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Helena Abreu
- ALGAplus, Lda., PCI-Creative Science Park, 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal; (H.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Rui Pereira
- ALGAplus, Lda., PCI-Creative Science Park, 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal; (H.A.); (R.P.)
- A4F Algae for Future, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edif. E, R/C, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Portugal CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, CECAV, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.M.G.d.C.); (E.R.)
- Department of Agronomy, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (M.J.P.); (A.I.F.-R.)
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.M.G.d.C.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259350000; Fax: +351-259325058
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13
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The Toxic Mechanism of Gliotoxins and Biosynthetic Strategies for Toxicity Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413510. [PMID: 34948306 PMCID: PMC8705807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliotoxin is a kind of epipolythiodioxopiperazine derived from different fungi that is characterized by a disulfide bridge. Gliotoxins can be biosynthesized by a gli gene cluster and regulated by a positive GliZ regulator. Gliotoxins show cytotoxic effects via the suppression the function of macrophage immune function, inflammation, antiangiogenesis, DNA damage by ROS production, peroxide damage by the inhibition of various enzymes, and apoptosis through different signal pathways. In the other hand, gliotoxins can also be beneficial with different doses. Low doses of gliotoxin can be used as an antioxidant, in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV, and as an anti-tumor agent in the future. Gliotoxins have also been used in the control of plant pathogens, including Pythium ultimum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Thus, it is important to elucidate the toxic mechanism of gliotoxins. The toxic mechanism of gliotoxins and biosynthetic strategies to reduce the toxicity of gliotoxins and their producing strains are summarized in this review.
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Quitério E, Soares C, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. Marine Health-Promoting Compounds: Recent Trends for Their Characterization and Human Applications. Foods 2021; 10:3100. [PMID: 34945651 PMCID: PMC8702156 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds represent a rich source of biologically active compounds with several applications, especially in the food, cosmetics, and medical fields. The beneficial effects of marine compounds on health have been increasingly explored, making them an excellent choice for the design of functional foods. When studying marine compounds, several aspects must be considered: extraction, identification and quantification methods, purification steps, and processes to increase their stability. Advanced green techniques have been used to extract these valuable compounds, and chromatographic methods have been developed to identify and quantify them. However, apart from the beneficial effects of seaweeds for human health, these natural sources of bioactive compounds can also accumulate undesirable toxic elements with potential health risks. Applying purification techniques of extracts from seaweeds may mitigate the amount of excessive toxic components, ensuring healthy and safer products for commercialization. Furthermore, limitations such as stability and bioavailability problems, chemical degradation reactions during storage, and sensitivity to oxidation and photo-oxidation, need to be overcome using, for example, nanoencapsulation techniques. Here we summarize recent advances in all steps of marine products identification and purification and highlight selected human applications, including food and feed applications, cosmetic, human health, and fertilizers, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Quitério
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (E.Q.); (R.F.)
| | - Cristina Soares
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.-M.); (C.G.)
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (E.Q.); (R.F.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.-M.); (C.G.)
| | - Clara Grosso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.-M.); (C.G.)
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15
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Saberi S, Khoobi M, Alaeddini M, Etemad-Moghadam S, Jamshidloo R, Mohammadpour H, Shahabi S. The effect of photodynamic therapy on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines using spirulina platensis with different laser energy densities. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102688. [PMID: 34910993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the anti-cancer properties of spirulina platensis (S. platensis), we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this algae as a novel natural photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) against oral and hypopharyngeal cancer cells. The appropriate laser energy density to apply during PDT was also determined. METHODS AND MATERIALS CAL-27, FaDu and HGF cell lines were exposed to S. platensis with concentrations of 0.3 g/l and 0.6 g/l and were irradiated with 635 nm diode laser using 2, 4, 12, and 24 J/cm2 energy densities with constant power. MTT assay was performed to investigate cell viability and cytotoxicity after 24 h. The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (P-value<0.05). RESULTS survival rate in CAL-27 (P-Value<0.001) and FaDu (P-Value<0.001) cell lines were significantly different following irradiation with various laser energy densities. Different concentrations of S. platensis had no significant effect on the viability of CAL-27 cells (P-Value=0.158) and FaDu cells (P-Value=0.072) and showed no significant cytotoxicity against HGF cells, with or without laser. CONCLUSION S. platensis could be considered as a novel safe and effective natural photosensitizer for cancer PDT with no cytotoxic effect on normal cells. When combined with laser using appropriate energy densities, it has the ability to induce death in oral and hypopharyngeal cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Saberi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Biomaterials Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mojgan Alaeddini
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahele Jamshidloo
- Department of Management, Hidaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hidaj, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Mohammadpour
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Shahabi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Abstract
Cancer remains a major life-threatening disease worldwide. The development of anticancer drugs using natural products obtained from marine organisms has been proposed as an alternative approach. Seaweeds are the mainstay of marine ecosystems; therefore, they are highly enriched with diverse bioactive compounds. In the past decade, a vast number of natural compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, and terpenoids, have been isolated from seaweeds. Seaweeds have bioactive compounds that show cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines. These compounds prevent tumor growth by inducing apoptotic cell death and arrest growth by interfering with different kinases and cell cycle pathways. This review discussed the anticancer properties of various bioactive compounds isolated from different types of seaweeds and their therapeutic potential against cancers.
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17
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Identified Seaweed Compound Diphenylmethane Serves as an Efflux Pump Inhibitor in Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111378. [PMID: 34827316 PMCID: PMC8614644 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug efflux pumps are one of the major elements used by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) are potential therapeutic agents for adjunctive therapy, which can restore the activity of antibiotics that are no longer effective against pathogens. This study evaluated the seaweed compound diphenylmethane (DPM) for its EPI activity. The IC50 and modulation results showed that DPM has no antibacterial activity but can potentiate the activity of antibiotics against drug-resistant E. coli. Time-kill studies reported that a combination of DPM and erythromycin exhibited greater inhibitory activity against drug-resistant Escherichia coli. Dye accumulation and dye efflux studies using Hoechst 33342 and ethidium bromide showed that the addition of DPM significantly increased dye accumulation and reduced dye efflux in drug-resistant E. coli, suggesting its interference with dye translocation by an efflux pump. Using MALDI-TOF, it was observed that the addition of DPM could continuously reduce antibiotic efflux in drug-resistant E. coli. Additionally, DPM did not seem to damage the E. coli membranes, and the cell toxicity test showed that it features mild human-cell toxicity. In conclusion, these findings showed that DPM could serve as a potential EPI for drug-resistant E. coli.
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18
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Rajan DK, Mohan K, Zhang S, Ganesan AR. Dieckol: a brown algal phlorotannin with biological potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111988. [PMID: 34371307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dieckol [C36H22O18], is a naturally occurring phlorotannin found in some brown algal species. Dieckol is gaining more attention in the scientific community for its potential biological activities. It has been exhibited a broad spectrum of therapeutic functions including anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and other medicinal applications. Distinct emphasis has been given to extraction, purification, and biomedical applications of dieckol. This critical review comprises of in vitro, in vivo, and in silico biological properties of dieckol. An attempt has been made to evaluate the effectiveness, therapeutical application, and mechanism of dieckol against various diseases. The pharmacological significance, current status and the dosage of multifunctional dieckol and its mechanisms have been discussed in this review. Dieckol plays an important role in apoptosis induction via inhibiting the PI3K, AKT, mTOR and FAK signaling molecules. Dieckol remarkably inhibited the lipid accumulation in high fat diet induced animal models. Dieckol, a multifaceted compound will be beneficial in attenuating the action of various diseases and it could be a potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compound. Therefore, the combined effects of dieckol with existing drugs and natural compounds will be studied in future to optimize its benefits. Besides limited information on the toxicological action and dosage administration of dieckol on the human was reported to date. Overall, dieckol is a prospective health-promoting compound for the development of a novel drug against numerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608502, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode 638316, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Group of Fermentation and Distillation, Laimburg Research Center, Laimburg 6, I-39040 Post Auer, BZ, Italy
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19
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Sun T, Xue M, Yang J, Pei Z, Zhang N, Qin K, Liang H. Metabolic regulation mechanism of fucoidan via intestinal microecology in diseases. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4456-4463. [PMID: 33682122 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microecology is an extremely complex ecosystem consisting of gut microbiota, intestinal mucosa and the intestinal immune system. The intestinal microecology performs several important functions and is considered to be an essential 'organ' because it plays an important role in regulating human metabolism. Fucoidan contains a large amount of fucose and galactose residues, as well as various other neutral and acidic monosaccharides. Fucoidan particularly effects tumors, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and obesity by repairing intestinal mucosal damage and improving the intestinal microecological environment. It has been proposed that fucoidan could be used as a prebiotic agent for pharmaceutical and functional foods. In this review, we elucidate the potential mechanisms of the metabolic regulation of fucoidan with respect to the intestinal microecology of diseases. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Meilan Xue
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongqian Pei
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Kunpeng Qin
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Public Health, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, China
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20
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Karimzadeh K, Zahmatkesh A. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant potential, and cytotoxic effects of different extracts of red algae ( Laurencia snyderiae) on HT29 cells. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:400-413. [PMID: 34447448 PMCID: PMC8356712 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.319578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Marine algae are potential renewable and sustainable sources of bioactive natural products which can be utilized in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Experimental approach Different extracts (methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) of red algae, Laurencia snyderiae, was evaluated for their antioxidant potential, with various antioxidant assessment assays, cytotoxic properties (using MTT colorimetric assay), and phytochemical constituents (total phenolic and flavonoid contents). The GC-MS analyses of the algal methanolic extract and its apoptotic effects on the human colon carcinoma cell line (HT29) were also investigated. Findings/Results The total phenolic content in the methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of L. snyderiae was 3.6 ± 0.12, 3.2 ± 0.41, and 3.3 ± 0.35 μg/mg of gallic acid, respectively. Among different algae extracts, chloroform extract showed significantly chelating ability (IC50 = 0.027 mg/mL) and reducing power activity (IC50 = 0.082 mg/mL), while the highest DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.058 mg/mL) exhibited in the methanol extract compared to the other extracts. The methanolic extract was found to have a higher cytotoxicity effect on colon carcinoma cells with IC50 70.2 μg/mL. The viability of the cancer cells was increased with the decrease in the concentration in different extracts. GC-MS analysis of the algal methanolic extract revealed the presence of active antitumor constituents and apoptosis-based cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells through the DNA damage was also confirmed. Conclusion and implications Based on these results, the red algae L. snyderiae possesses potent bioactive constituents and can use as additional resources as a natural antioxidant and antitumor agent in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Karimzadeh
- Marine Biology Department, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gilan, I.R. Iran
| | - Asgar Zahmatkesh
- Aquaculture Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gilan, I.R. Iran
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21
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Bharath B, Perinbam K, Devanesan S, AlSalhi MS, Saravanan M. Evaluation of the anticancer potential of Hexadecanoic acid from brown algae Turbinaria ornata on HT–29 colon cancer cells. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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22
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Abdullah MA, Hussein HA. Integrated algal and oil palm biorefinery as a model system for bioenergy co-generation with bioproducts and biopharmaceuticals. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:40. [PMID: 38650258 PMCID: PMC10992906 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a greater call for greener and eco-friendly processes and bioproducts to meet the 2030's core agenda on 17 global sustainable development goals. The challenge lies in incorporating systems thinking with a comprehensive worldview as a guiding principle to develop the economy, whilst taking cognisance of the need to safeguard the environment, and to embrace the socio-cultural diversity dimension as an equal component. Any discussion on climate change, destruction of eco-system and habitat for wildlife, poverty and starvation, and the spread of infectious diseases, must be addressed together with the emphasis on the development of cleaner energy, air and water, better management of resources and biodiversity, improved agro-practices for food production and distribution, and affordable health care, as the outcomes and key performance indicators to be evaluated. Strict regulation, monitoring and enforcement to minimize emission, pollution and wastage must also be put in place. CONCLUSION This review article focuses on the research and development efforts to achieve sustainable bioenergy production, environmental remediation, and transformation of agro-materials into value-added bioproducts through the integrated algal and oil palm biorefinery. Recent development in microalgal research with nanotechnology as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents and for biopharmaceutical applications are discussed. The life-cycle analysis in the context of palm oil mill processes is evaluated. The way forward from this integrated biorefinery concept is to strive for inclusive development strategies, and to address the immediate and pressing problems facing the Planet and the People, whilst still reaping the Profit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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23
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Chang YC, Chu TH, Yu PC, Wang EM, Huang CC, Hu TH, Wen ZH, Ko CY, Chen CNN, Tai MH. Microalgal extract from thermotolerant Coelastrella sp. F50 retards the liver tumor progression by targeting hepatic cancer stem cells. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3954-3967. [PMID: 33825221 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae extracts have shown antitumor activities. However, the antitumor mechanism of them is not yet completely clear, especially the effect on cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to elucidate the antitumor activity and mechanism of microalgal extract from thermotolerant Coelastrella sp. F50 (F50) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Oncogenic behaviors were analyzed using cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, sphere formation, and side population cells (SPCs) assays in HCC cells after F50 treatment. The molecular mechanism was further studied by quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence analyses. The chemopreventive efficacy of F50 was evaluated in rat orthotopic hepatoma, and the hepatic pathologies were investigated by immunohistochemical, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence analyses. F50 specifically suppressed hepatic CSCs (tumor spheres, drug efflux, CD133/ABCG2 CSCs markers) with no cytotoxicity in vitro. In the animal experiments, prophylactic F50 administration significantly attenuated tumor progression and improved liver function in HCC-bearing rats. In the mechanistic analysis, F50 potentially inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) axis in HCC cells and rat hepatoma, and exogenous PGE2 restored CSCs properties in F50-treated HCC cells. In summary, F50 extract inhibits hepatic CSCs by COX-2/PGE2 downregulation and may facilitate a novel phytotherapy for HCC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Biobank and Tissue Bank, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chien Yu
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - E-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Cheng Huang
- Biobank and Tissue Bank, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Yuan Ko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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24
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Zaharudin N, Tullin M, Pekmez CT, Sloth JJ, Rasmussen RR, Dragsted LO. Effects of brown seaweeds on postprandial glucose, insulin and appetite in humans - A randomized, 3-way, blinded, cross-over meal study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:830-838. [PMID: 32917417 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Seaweed including brown seaweeds with rich bioactive components may be efficacious for a glycaemic management strategy and appetite control. We investigated the effects of two brown edible seaweeds, Laminaria digitata (LD) and Undaria pinnatifida (UP), on postprandial glucose metabolism and appetite following a starch load in a human meal study. METHODS Twenty healthy subjects were enrolled in a randomized, 3-way, blinded cross-over trial. The study was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT00123456. At each test day, the subjects received one of three meals comprising 30 g of starch with 5 g of LD or UP or an energy-adjusted control meal containing pea protein. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations were measured. Subjective appetite sensations were scored using visual analogue scales (VAS). RESULTS Linear mixed model (LMM) analysis showed a lower blood glucose, insulin and C-peptide response following the intake of LD and UP, after correction for body weight. Participants weighing ≤ 63 kg had a reduced glucose response compared to control meal between 40 and 90 min both following LD and UP meals. Furthermore, LMM analysis for C-peptide showed a significantly lower response after intake of LD. Compared to the control meal, GLP-1 response was higher after the LD meal, both before and after the body weight adjustment. The VAS scores showed a decreased appetite sensation after intake of the seaweeds. Ad-libitum food intake was not different three hours after the seaweed meals compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Concomitant ingestion of brown seaweeds may help improving postprandial glycaemic and appetite control in healthy and normal weight adults, depending on the dose per body weight. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov (ID# NCT02608372).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazikussabah Zaharudin
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mikkel Tullin
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ceyda Tugba Pekmez
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens J Sloth
- Research Group for NanoBio Science, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rie R Rasmussen
- Research Group for NanoBio Science, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Cytotoxicity of Seaweed Compounds, Alone or Combined to Reference Drugs, against Breast Cell Lines Cultured in 2D and 3D. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9020024. [PMID: 33572635 PMCID: PMC7912033 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Seaweed bioactive compounds have shown anticancer activities in in vitro and in vivo studies. However, tests remain limited, with conflicting results, and effects in combination with anticancer drugs are even scarcer. Here, the cytotoxic effects of five seaweed compounds (astaxanthin, fucoidan, fucosterol, laminarin, and phloroglucinol) were tested alone and in combination with anticancer drugs (cisplatin-Cis; and doxorubicin-Dox), in breast cell lines (three breast cancer (BC) subtypes and one non-tumoral). The combinations revealed situations where seaweed compounds presented potentiation or inhibition of the drugs' cytotoxicity, without a specific pattern, varying according to the cell line, concentration used for the combination, and drug. Fucosterol was the most promising compound, since: (i) it alone had the highest cytotoxicity at low concentrations against the BC lines without affecting the non-tumoral line; and (ii) in combination (at non-cytotoxic concentration), it potentiated Dox cytotoxicity in the triple-negative BC cell line. Using a comparative approach, monolayer versus 3D cultures, further investigation assessed effects on cell viability and proliferation, morphology, and immunocytochemistry targets. The cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects in monolayer were not observed in 3D, corroborating that cells in 3D culture are more resistant to treatments, and reinforcing the use of more complex models for drug screening and a multi-approach that should include histological and ICC analysis.
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Vlaisavljević S, Rašeta M, Berežni S, Passamonti S, Tramer F. Four selected commercial seaweeds: biologically active compounds, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:757-766. [PMID: 33386060 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1866503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research work was to study the chemical characterisation, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of four commercial algae species Arame, Kombu, Hijiki and Wakame. The highest scavenging activity has been observed in Arame extract. Antioxidant potential of all extracts was in correlation with total phenol content (Arame extract: 319.15 ± 0.56 mg GAE/g d.w) and it was not in correlation with total carotenoids content (Wakame: 75.15 ± 0.20 mg/g). Polyphenols were quantified using LC-MS/MS technique. Baicalein and amentoflavone were identified in higher amount in relation to other phenols. Intracellular antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of algae extracts were evaluated on the human prostate cancer cell line PC3. Although presented biomolecules in the extracts have demonstrated in vitro antioxidant activity, they did not show a significant effect on PC3 cells. However, this study opens up broad perspective for the further comprehensive investigation of these, commercial, seaweed's biopotential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Vlaisavljević
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milena Rašeta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja Berežni
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Federica Tramer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Abd-Elazeem OM, Osman NA, El-Shenawy NS. Bioactive Compounds of Seaweeds and Their Effects on Certain Types of Cancer. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 8:112-119. [DOI: 10.34172/ajmb.2020.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the major health problems worldwide. So far, no completely effective method has been found for cancer treatment. Therefore, the rise of using natural products has been proposed as an alternative therapy in this regard. For many years, the seaweed has been a source of many functional bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, polyphenols, pigments, terpenes, and many others. These compounds have shown many bioactivities including anticancer activity against different kinds of cancer. Bioactive compounds obtained from the seaweed have been demonstrated to cause apoptosis in cancer cells and trigger cell cycle arrest with low cytotoxicity against normal cells. In this review, it was attempted to shed light on the anticancer activity of some seaweed-derived bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nehal A.H.k. Osman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nahla S. El-Shenawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Dell’Acqua G, Richards A, Thornton MJ. The Potential Role of Nutraceuticals as an Adjuvant in Breast Cancer Patients to Prevent Hair Loss Induced by Endocrine Therapy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113537. [PMID: 33217935 PMCID: PMC7698784 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals, natural dietary and botanical supplements offering health benefits, provide a basis for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Use of CAM by healthy individuals and patients with medical conditions is rapidly increasing. For the majority of breast cancer patients, treatment plans involve 5–10 yrs of endocrine therapy, but hair loss/thinning is a common side effect. Many women consider this significant, severely impacting on quality of life, even leading to non-compliance of therapy. Therefore, nutraceuticals that stimulate/maintain hair growth can be proposed. Although nutraceuticals are often available without prescription and taken at the discretion of patients, physicians can be reluctant to recommend them, even as adjuvants, since potential interactions with endocrine therapy have not been fully elucidated. It is, therefore, important to understand the modus operandi of ingredients to be confident that their use will not interfere/interact with therapy. The aim is to improve clinical/healthcare outcomes by combining specific nutraceuticals with conventional care whilst avoiding detrimental interactions. This review presents the current understanding of nutraceuticals beneficial to hair wellness and outcomes concerning efficacy/safety in breast cancer patients. We will focus on describing endocrine therapy and the role of estrogens in cancer and hair growth before evaluating the effects of natural ingredients on breast cancer and hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Julie Thornton
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD17 7DF, UK
- Correspondence:
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Jin W, Jiang D, Zhang W, Wang C, Xia K, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Interactions of fibroblast growth factors with sulfated galactofucan from Saccharina japonica. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:26-34. [PMID: 32464202 PMCID: PMC10466213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A total 68 types of marine algae oligosaccharides and polysaccharides were prepared and used to study the structure-activity relationship of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides in their interactions with fibroblast growth factors (FGF) 1 and 2. Factors considered include different types of algae, extraction methods, molecular weight, sulfate content and fractions. In the case of low molecular weight polysaccharide (SJ-D) from Saccharina japonica and its fractions eluting from anion exchange column, both 1.0 M NaCl fraction (SJ-D-I) and 2.0 M NaCl fraction (SJ-D-S) had stronger binding affinity than the parent SJ-D, suggesting that sulfated galactofucans represented the major tight binding component. Nuclear magnetic resonance showed that SJ-D-I was a typical sulfated galactofucan, composed of four units: 1, 3-linked 4-sulfated α-L-fucose (Fuc); 1, 3-linked 2, 4-disulfated α-L-Fuc; 1, 6-linked 4-sulfated β-D-Gal and/or 1, 6-linked 3, 4-sulfated β-D-Gal. Modification by autohydrolysis to oligosaccharides and desulfation decreased the FGF binding affinity while oversulfation increased the affinity. The solution-based affinities of SJ-D-I to FGF1 and FGF2 were 69 nM and 3.9 nM, suggesting that SJ-D-I showed better preferentially binding to FGF1 than a natural ligand, heparin, suggesting that sulfated galactofucan might represent a good regulator of FGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Di Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA; Department of Biological Science, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA; Department of Biological Science, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Minami Y, Kanemura S, Oikawa T, Suzuki S, Hasegawa Y, Nishino Y, Fujiya T, Miura K. Associations of Japanese food intake with survival of stomach and colorectal cancer: A prospective patient cohort study. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2558-2569. [PMID: 32412140 PMCID: PMC7385343 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary factors may affect the prognosis of digestive tract cancer, but evidence has been sparse. We investigated the association between pretreatment intake of 6 Japanese foods (including soy food, miso [soybean paste] soup and seaweed) and the risk of death among patients with histologically confirmed major digestive tract cancers (stomach, 1931; colon, 793; rectum, 510) diagnosed during 1997‐2013 at a single institution in Japan. Pretreatment dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and the patients were followed until December 2016. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among the patients with stomach cancer, frequent intake of soy food was inversely associated with the risk of all‐cause (Ptrend for four frequency groups = 0.01; HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.50‐1.04 for highest vs lowest group) and stomach cancer (Ptrend = 0.03; HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40‐0.99) death. A similar inverse association was also found for intake of miso soup. In contrast, frequent seaweed intake was inversely associated with the risk of all‐cause death among the patients with colon cancer (Ptrend = 0.03). Rectal cancer patients who had frequently consumed seaweed tended to have a lower risk of rectal cancer death (Ptrend = 0.02). These findings indicate that pretreatment intake of Japanese foods such as soybean products and seaweed may have favorable effects on patient survival of stomach and colorectal cancer, although this needs to be confirmed by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Minami
- Department of Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.,Center for Preventive Medicine, Osaki Citizen Hospital, Osaki, Japan
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Oikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori, Japan
| | - Shinichi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Nishino
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Fujiya
- Department of Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori, Japan
| | - Koh Miura
- Department of Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori, Japan
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Fadaeinasab M, Karimian H, Omar H, Taha H, Khorasani A, Banisalam B, Aziz Ketuly K, Abdullah Z. Reflexin A, a new indole alkaloid from Rauvolfia reflexa induces apoptosis against colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:474-488. [PMID: 30945944 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1588888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One new indole alkaloid, reflexin A (1), and two known indoles, macusine B (2) and vinorine (3), were isolated from the bark of Rauvolfia reflexa. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, and MS spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 displayed anticancer activity against HCT-116 colon cancer cells with an IC50 value of 30.24 ± 0.75 µM. The results implied that the newly isolated 1 induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells, suggesting its possible role as an anticancer agent. In vivo acute toxicity study was performed on compound 1 to evaluate its safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Fadaeinasab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Hanita Omar
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Division of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hairin Taha
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Arash Khorasani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Behrooz Banisalam
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Aziz Ketuly
- Department of Medical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok 78, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Zanariah Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Haq SH, Al-Ruwaished G, Al-Mutlaq MA, Naji SA, Al-Mogren M, Al-Rashed S, Ain QT, Al-Amro AA, Al-Mussallam A. Antioxidant, Anticancer Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Green Algae, Chaetomorpha Collected from the Arabian Gulf. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18906. [PMID: 31827196 PMCID: PMC6906397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are a group of marine multicellular algae; the presence of antioxidant phytochemical constituents in Seaweed Chaetomorpha sp. extracts has received attention for their role in the prevention of human diseases. This study explores the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, and anticancer properties of the Cladophoraceae, Chaetomorpha sp. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were performed to study the chemical structure and chemical formula. Different concentrations of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Chaetomorpha were used to estimate antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and total flavonoid, phenolic, and tannins content assays. Anti-tumor activity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-cyl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. The EDX analysis indicated the presence of oxygen, silicon, and calcium as dominant elements. Antioxidant assays indicated that the ethanol extracts of Chaetomorpha consisted of a total of 189.14 ± 0.99 mg QE/g flavonoid content, 21.92 ± 0.43 mg GAE/g phenolic content and 21.81 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g tannins content. The DPPH radical scavenging assay exhibited higher antioxidant activity IC50 (9.41 ± 0.54 mg/mL) in the ethanol extract. Moreover, it showed high anticancer activity by growth inhibition in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and low IC50 (225.18 ± 0.61 µg/mL). GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of Dichloracetic acid (DCA) as the active antitumor constituent of Chaetomorpha sp.; other anticancer compounds identified were Oximes and L-α-Terpinol. The results revealed that the type of Chaetomorpha sp. studied here possesses very unique and novel constituents and active potent antitumor chemical constituents and it can act as a promising antioxidant and anticancer agent for future applications in pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Hyder Haq
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ghaida Al-Ruwaished
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sundus Ali Naji
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Mogren
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Al-Rashed
- Microbiology and Botany Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qura Tul Ain
- The Wellman Centre for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abir Abdullah Al-Amro
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Al-Mussallam
- Chemist, Cosmetic Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Charoensiddhi S, Abraham RE, Su P, Zhang W. Seaweed and seaweed-derived metabolites as prebiotics. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 91:97-156. [PMID: 32035602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds and their bioactive compounds, particularly polysaccharides and phenolics can be regarded as great dietary supplements with gut health benefits and prebiotics. These components are resistant to digestion by enzymes present in the human gastrointestinal tract, also selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and the production of fermentation products such as short chain fatty acids. Commonly, the health benefits of seaweed components are assessed by including them in an in vitro anaerobic fermentation system containing human fecal inocula that mimics the environment of the human large bowel. Regarding to the complex interactions between dietary components, gastrointestinal physiological processes, and gut microbiota are difficult to model in vitro. Consequently it is important to follow up the promising in vitro results with in vivo animal or human testing. The aim of this chapter is to have a comprehensive review on the application of seaweeds and seaweed-derived metabolites as prebiotics, and understand the trends, gaps and future directions of both scientific and industrial developments. This work contributes to develop and expand new platform of seaweed utilization for higher-value products, particularly to functional food and nutraceutical industries in order to serve the social demand for health awareness and support economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvimol Charoensiddhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Reinu E Abraham
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peng Su
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Variation in Lipid Components from 15 Species of Tropical and Temperate Seaweeds. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110630. [PMID: 31698797 PMCID: PMC6891767 DOI: 10.3390/md17110630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the variation in lipid components from 15 species of seaweeds belonging to the Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, and Rhodophyta phyla collected in tropical (Indonesia) and temperate (Japan) areas. Analyses were performed of multiple components, including chlorophylls, carotenoids, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and alpha tocopherol (α-Toc). Chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contents varied among phyla, but not with the sampling location. Chl a and b were the major chlorophylls in Chlorophyta. Chl a and Chl c were the main chlorophylls in Ochrophyta, while Chl a was the dominant chlorophylls in Rhodophyta. β-Carotene and fucoxanthin were detected as major seaweed carotenoids. The former was present in all species in a variety of ranges, while the latter was mainly found in Ochrophyta and in small quantities in Rhodophyta, but not in Chlorophyta. The total lipids (TL) content and fatty acids composition were strongly affected by sampling location. The TL and n-3 PUFAs levels tended to be higher in temperate seaweeds compared with those in tropical seaweeds. The major n-3 PUFAs in different phyla, namely, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) in Ochrophyta, α-linolenic acid (ALA) and SDA in Chlorophyta, and EPA in Rhodophyta, accumulated in temperate seaweeds. Chlorophylls, their derivatives, and carotenoids are known to have health benefits, such as antioxidant activities, while n-3 PUFAs are known to be essential nutrients that positively influence human nutrition and health. Therefore, seaweed lipids could be used as a source of ingredients with health benefits for functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Macroalgae as a Valuable Source of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110609. [PMID: 31731422 PMCID: PMC6891758 DOI: 10.3390/md17110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that affects mostly aged individuals. Evidence suggests that pathological mechanisms involved in the development of AD are associated with cholinergic deficit, glutamate excitotoxicity, beta-amyloid aggregation, tau phosphorylation, neuro-inflammation, and oxidative damage to neurons. Currently there is no cure for AD; however, synthetic therapies have been developed to effectively manage some of the symptoms at the early stage of the disease. Natural products from plants and marine organisms have been identified as important sources of bioactive compounds with neuroprotective potentials and less adverse effects compared to synthetic agents. Seaweeds contain several kinds of secondary metabolites such as phlorotannins, carotenoids, sterols, fucoidans, and poly unsaturated fatty acids. However, their neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of action have not been fully explored. This review discusses recent investigations and/or updates on interactions of bioactive compounds from seaweeds with biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of AD using reports in electronic databases such as Web of science, Scopus, PubMed, Science direct, Scifinder, Taylor and Francis, Wiley, Springer, and Google scholar between 2015 and 2019. Phlorotannins, fucoidans, sterols, and carotenoids showed strong neuroprotective potentials in different experimental models. However, there are no data from human studies and/or clinical trials.
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Associations among dietary seaweed intake, c-MYC rs6983267 polymorphism, and risk of colorectal cancer in a Korean population: a case-control study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1963-1974. [PMID: 31300834 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of seaweed compounds have been studied in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC) based on their ability to modulate carcinogen metabolism in vivo and in vitro. However, no epidemiological studies on the interaction between edible seaweed and genetic variants relevant to CRC have been reported. This study examined the associations among dietary seaweed intake (gim, miyeok, and dashima), single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs6983267, rs7014346, and rs719725), and CRC risk in a Korean population. METHODS The participants comprised 923 CRC patients and 1846 controls who visited the National Cancer Center Korea. We used a Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire and genotyped SNPs using genomic DNA samples. RESULTS The intake of total seaweed, miyeok, and dashima showed a significant inverse association with CRC risk after adjusting for potential confounding factors (total seaweed odds ratio (OR) [95% CI] = 0.65 [0.50-0.85], P for trend < 0.001; miyeok = 0.82 [0.62-1.09], P for trend < 0.05; dashima = 0.58 [0.44-0.76], P for trend < 0.001, highest vs. lowest tertile). We confirmed that the homozygous T/T allele of rs6983267 c-MYC indicated an interaction between dietary seaweed intake and both overall CRC and rectal cancer (CRC OR [95% CI] = 0.52 [0.34-0.81], P for interaction = 0.015; rectal cancer = 0.45 [0.25-0.79], P for interaction = 0.007, T/T carriers with high total seaweed intake vs. T/T carriers with low total seaweed intake). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of the effect of dietary seaweed intake on CRC risk with respect to c-MYC gene variants.
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Olasehinde TA, Olaniran AO, Okoh AI. Aqueous-ethanol extracts of some South African seaweeds inhibit beta-amyloid aggregation, cholinesterases, and beta-secretase activities in vitro. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12870. [PMID: 31353743 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the anti-amyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant potentials of hydroethanolic extracts of Ecklonia maxima (ECK), Gelidium pristoides (GLD), Gracilaria gracilis (GCL), and Ulva lactuca (ULT). The effect of the extracts on β-amyloid (Aβ1-42 ) peptide were determined using electron microscope. The effects of the extracts on β-secretase and cholinesterase activities, as well as their radical scavenging and metal chelating activities were also assessed. Electron micrographs revealed that ECK, GLD, GCL, and ULT incubated with Aβ1-42 at different intervals (0-96 hr) showed very low levels of fibrils compared to the control. The extracts also inhibited β-secretase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase activities in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the extracts scavenged hydroxyl radicals and were able to chelate Fe2+ in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that the seaweed extracts are potential sources of lead compounds and novel inhibitors of β-amyloid aggregation, β-secretase, and cholinesterases for the management of Alzheimer's diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Seaweeds have been identified as good sources of naturally occurring bioactive compounds with several medicinal properties. They are commonly used as functional foods and development of nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, and cosmeceuticals. However, the neuroprotective effects of many species of seaweeds have not been fully explored. The findings of this study suggests that Gracilaria gracilis, Ulva lactuca, Ecklonia maxima, and Gelidium pristoides are potential sources of cholinesterase, beta-secretase, and amyloid protein aggregation inhibitors. Hence, this support the use of these seaweeds as alternative sources of antioxidants and natural compounds with neuroprotective potentials for the management of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin A Olasehinde
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ademola O Olaniran
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Ramos AA, Almeida T, Lima B, Rocha E. Cytotoxic activity of the seaweed compound fucosterol, alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil, in colon cells using 2D and 3D culturing. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:537-549. [PMID: 31258008 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1634378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently occurring carcinomas which require effective therapies. Fucosterol is a sterol present in marine brown seaweeds with several biological activities. However, the influence of fucosterol in CRC remains to be determined. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the anticancer activity of fucosterol alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on two human CRC cell lines (HCT116 and HT29) and compared with cytotoxicity in one normal colon fibroblast cell line (CCD-18co) in monolayer (2D). The effect of fucosterol alone or in combination with 5-Fu was further assessed using HT29 multicellular spheroids (3D). Data demonstrated that fucosterol alone or combined with 5-Fu decreased cell viability in HT29 cells in 2D cultures without inducing cytotoxic in normal colon cells. The combination, fucosterol, and 5-Fu, also inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenic potential and cell migration without producing cell death in 2D. In multicellular spheroids, the combination fucosterol plus 5-Fu at the same concentrations used in 2D was not effective demonstrating that under the tested conditions the 3D model was more resistant than the 2D model. Taken together, these findings suggest that fucosterol might be a promising alternative to enhance the cytotoxic and anti-invasive actions of 5-Fu in colon cancer cells without consequent major adverse effects in normal cells. Our results also reinforce the need to include more complex 3D culture models in the initial stages of drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Ramos
- a Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto , Matosinhos , Portugal
- b Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Tânia Almeida
- a Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto , Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Bruna Lima
- a Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto , Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- a Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto , Matosinhos , Portugal
- b Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Brown and Red Seaweeds Serve as Potential Efflux Pump Inhibitors for Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1836982. [PMID: 30713568 PMCID: PMC6332956 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1836982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant pathogens are a significant clinical problem. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) can restore the activities of existing antibiotics by interfering with drug efflux pumps located in bacterial cell membranes. Seaweeds are important sources of biologically active metabolites of natural origin; however, their potential as EPIs remains uninvestigated. Here, functional extracts from the brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica and Sargassum horneri and the red seaweeds Gracilaria sp. and Porphyra dentata were evaluated as potential EPIs against drug-resistant Escherichia coli. All these extracts were found to potentiate the activities of drugs in modulation tests, although not to the same extent. Synergistic effects of the extracts and the drug clarithromycin were observed from the onset of Time-kill assays, with no evidence of bacterial regrowth. Ethidium bromide accumulation studies revealed that the efflux decreased in the presence of each extract, as indicated by the presence of EPIs. Most identified EPIs that have been discovered to date have aromatic structures, and the seaweed extracts were found to contain various terpenes, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, indoles, pyrrole derivatives, alkaloids, and halogenated aromatic compounds. Our study highlights the potential of these compounds of the seaweeds as drug EPIs.
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Jabeen A, Reeder B, Svistunenko D, Hisaindee S, Ashraf S, Al-Zuhair S, Battah S. Effect of the Photodynamic Therapy Applications with Potent Microalgae Constituents on Several Types of Tumor. Ing Rech Biomed 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential of natural bioactive compounds from seaweeds. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-817901-7.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Role of Green Macroalgae Enteromorpha Prolifera Polyphenols in the Modulation of Gene Expression and Intestinal Microflora Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010025. [PMID: 30577594 PMCID: PMC6337142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of green macroalgae 55% ethanolic extract Enteromorpha prolifera through an ultrafiltration membrane of 3 kDa (EPE3k) on antidiabetic activity, gut microbiota, and regulation mechanism were investigated in high-fat/high-sucrose diet and streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. The structural characterizations of its major compounds in EPE3k were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the intestinal microflora modulation in diabetic mice was also investigated with high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The proposed presence of polyphenols in EPE3k was confirmed. EPE3k could significantly decrease the fasting blood glucose and improve fasting glucose tolerance. The hypoglycemic effect of EPE3k was via activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and suppression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in liver. EPE3k treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia and decreased the proportion of Alistipes and Turicibacter. The above results indicated that EPE3k could be provided as a new potential therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetic mellitus.
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Bezerra FF, Lima GC, Sousa NAD, Sousa WMD, Costa LEC, Costa DSD, Barros FCN, Medeiros JVR, Freitas ALP. Antidiarrheal activity of a novel sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Gracilaria cervicornis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:27-35. [PMID: 29803569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of marine seaweeds as a source of natural compounds with medicinal purposes is increasing in Western countries in the last decades, becoming an important alternative in the traditional medicine of many developing countries, where diarrhea still remains a severe public health problem, with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Sulfated polysaccharides (PLS) extracted from red seaweeds can exhibit therapeutic effects for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, the pharmacological properties of the PLS from Gracilaria cervicornis, an endemic seaweed found in the Brazilian northeast coast, was evaluated as an alternative natural medication for diarrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of sulfated polysaccharides (PLS) extracted from the red seaweed G. cervicornis in Swiss mice pre-treated with castor oil or cholera toxin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The seaweed Gracilaria cervicornis was collected at Flecheiras beach (city of Trairí, State of Ceará, Brazil) and the PLS was obtained through enzymatic extraction and administered in mice (25-30 g) before diarrhea induction with castor oil or cholera toxin. For the evaluation of the total number of fecal output and diarrheal feces, the animals were placed in cages lined with adsorbent material. The evaluation of intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) on castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice occurred by dissecting the small intestine and measuring its volume. The determination of Na+/K+-ATPase activity was measured in the small intestine supernatants by colorimetry, using commercial biochemistry kits. The gastrointestinal motility was evaluated utilizing an activated charcoal as a food tracer. The intestinal fluid secretion and chloride ion concentration were evaluated in intestinal closed loops in mice with cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea. The binding ability of PLS with GM1 and/or cholera toxin was evaluated by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS The G. cervicornis PLS showed antidiarrheal effects in both acute and secretory diarrhea, reducing the total number of fecal output, diarrheic stools, intestinal fluid accumulation, and increasing small intestine Na+/K+-ATPase activity on castor oil-induced diarrhea. However, the PLS did not affect gastrointestinal motility, indicating that this compound has a different action mechanism than loperamide. In secretory diarrhea, the PLS decreased intestinal fluid secretion and small intestine chloride excretion, binding with GM1 and/or cholera toxin and blocking their attachment to the enterocyte cell surface. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PLS has a significant antidiarrheal effect in acute and secretory diarrhea. Further investigation is needed towards its use as a natural medicine to treat diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Felipe Bezerra
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Glauber Cruz Lima
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Nayara Alves de Sousa
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí. Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Willer Malta de Sousa
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luís Eduardo Castanheira Costa
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Douglas Soares da Costa
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí. Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francisco Clark Nogueira Barros
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará - Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí. Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Ponte Freitas
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Ferreira J, Ramos AA, Almeida T, Azqueta A, Rocha E. Drug resistance in glioblastoma and cytotoxicity of seaweed compounds, alone and in combination with anticancer drugs: A mini review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 48:84-93. [PMID: 30195884 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBM) are one of the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system with an average life expectancy of only 1-2 years after diagnosis, even with the use of advanced treatments with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. There are several anticancer drugs with alkylating properties that have been used in the therapy of malignant gliomas. Temozolomide (TMZ) is one of them, widely used even in combination with ionizing radiation. However, the main disadvantage of using these types of drugs in the treatment of GBM is the development of cancer drug resistance. Research of bioactive compounds with anticancer activity has been heavily explored. PURPOSE This review focuses on a carotenoid and a phlorotannin present in seaweed, namely fucoxanthin and phloroglucinol, and their anticancer activity against glioblastoma. The combination of natural compounds with conventional drugs is also discussed. CONCLUSION Several natural compounds existing in seaweeds, such as fucoxanthin and phoroglucinol, have shown cytotoxic activity in models in vitro and in vivo, acting through different molecular mechanisms, such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, DNA damage/DNA repair, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic and antimetastic. Within the scope of interactions with conventional drugs, there are evidences that some seaweed compounds could be used to potentiate the action of anticancer drugs. However, their effects and mechanisms of action, alone or in combination with anticancer drugs, namely TMZ, in glioblastoma cell, still few explored and require more attention due to the unquestionable high potential of these marine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, U.Porto - University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Alice Abreu Ramos
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Almeida
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, U.Porto - University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, CP 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
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Palanisamy S, Vinosha M, Manikandakrishnan M, Anjali R, Rajasekar P, Marudhupandi T, Manikandan R, Vaseeharan B, Prabhu NM. Investigation of antioxidant and anticancer potential of fucoidan from Sargassum polycystum. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:151-161. [PMID: 29729339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer potential of fucoidan isolated from Sargassum polycystum. The isolated fucoidan was successfully purified by DEAE cellulose-ion exchange chromatography and dialysis. Totally four active fractions (F1-F4) were collected and explored its chemical constitution by calorimetric assays. Among them, fraction 2 (F2) showed the higher yield percentage, fucose and sulphate content. Further, monosaccharide composition, structural and functional properties of the F2 was analyzed by HPLC, FTIR and NMR. F2 shows highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (55.94 ± 0.69%), reducing power (0.33 absorbance rate), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (71.76 ± 2.14%) and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (51.81 ± 1.04%) at 1000 μg/ml. The cell viability of MCF-7 and HCT-15 cell lines was proportionate to the concentration of F2 with an estimated IC50 was 20 and 50 μg/ml respectively. The fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis demonstrated the apoptotic morphological changes and cell mediated death in F2 treated cancer cells. Higher amount of LDH release was found in the F2 treated cancer cells than the control group. Thus, the present finding proved that the isolated F2 encompasses significant antioxidant and anticancer property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Palanisamy
- Disease control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manoharan Vinosha
- Disease control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthushanmugam Manikandakrishnan
- Disease control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravichandran Anjali
- Disease control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Periyannan Rajasekar
- Disease control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangapandi Marudhupandi
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramar Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narayanasamy Marimuthu Prabhu
- Disease control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Alves C, Silva J, Pinteus S, Gaspar H, Alpoim MC, Botana LM, Pedrosa R. From Marine Origin to Therapeutics: The Antitumor Potential of Marine Algae-Derived Compounds. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:777. [PMID: 30127738 PMCID: PMC6089330 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine environment has demonstrated to be an interesting source of compounds with uncommon and unique chemical features on which the molecular modeling and chemical synthesis of new drugs can be based with greater efficacy and specificity for the therapeutics. Cancer is a growing public health threat, and despite the advances in biomedical research and technology, there is an urgent need for the development of new anticancer drugs. In this field, it is estimated that more than 60% of commercially available anticancer drugs are natural biomimetic inspired. Among the marine organisms, algae have revealed to be one of the major sources of new compounds of marine origin, including those exhibiting antitumor and cytotoxic potential. These compounds demonstrated ability to mediate specific inhibitory activities on a number of key cellular processes, including apoptosis pathways, angiogenesis, migration and invasion, in both in vitro and in vivo models, revealing their potential to be used as anticancer drugs. This review will focus on the bioactive molecules from algae with antitumor potential, from their origin to their potential uses, with special emphasis to the alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius as a producer of cytotoxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Alves
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal.,Biology Department, DoMar Doctoral Programme on Marine Science, Technology and Management, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Alpoim
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
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Cook J, Zhang J, Norrie J, Blal B, Cheng Z. Seaweed Extract (Stella Maris ®) Activates Innate Immune Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana and Protects Host against Bacterial Pathogens. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E221. [PMID: 29958402 PMCID: PMC6071235 DOI: 10.3390/md16070221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects and pathogenic infections (bacteria, viruses and fungi) cause huge losses in agriculturally important crops yearly. Due to the rise in pesticide and antibiotic resistance, our crops and livestock are increasingly at risk. There is a rising demand for environmentally friendly solutions to prevent crop decreases. Components of Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extracts were recently found to boost plant immunity. The stimulatory activities of the A.nodosum marine alga-derived extract (Stella Maris®) were investigated in a broad range of immune assays. Elevated hydrogen peroxide production measured in a chemiluminescence assay suggested that the extract elicited a strong burst of reactive oxygen species. Arabidopsis seedlings treated with Stella Maris® activated the expression of WRKY30, CYP71A12 and PR-1 genes, the induction of which represent early, mid and late plant immune response, respectively. Finally, this study found that Stella Maris® inhibited the growth of multiple bacterial pathogens, including an opportunistic human pathogen that has demonstrated pathogenicity in plants. In summary, the pre-treatment with the seaweed extract protected Arabidopsis against subsequent infection by these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Janie Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Jeff Norrie
- Acadian Seaplants Limited, 30 Brown Avenue, Dartmouth, NS B3B 1X8, Canada.
| | - Bachar Blal
- Acadian Seaplants Limited, 30 Brown Avenue, Dartmouth, NS B3B 1X8, Canada.
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Omar H, Al-Judaibi A, El-Gendy A. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of the Red Alga, Laurencia papillosa. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.572.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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49
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Cholpraipimolrat W, Suriyo T, Rangkadilok N, Nookabkaew S, Satayavivad J. Hijiki and sodium arsenite stimulate growth of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells through ERK1/2 activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jin W, Liu G, Zhong W, Sun C, Zhang Q. Polysaccharides from Sargassum thunbergii: Monthly variations and anti-complement and anti-tumour activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1526-1531. [PMID: 28528951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Monthly variations of polysaccharides from Sargassum thunbergii and their anti-complement and anti-tumour activities were investigated. It was observed that an increase in fucose and total sugar contents occurred during the growth period (from early April to mid-June), accompanied by a decrease in molar ratios of other monosaccharides to fucose. The highest yields were obtained from early July to early September, which was in accordance with the significant increase in molar ratio of glucose to fucose and decrease in molar ratio of other monosaccharides to fucose. And the above results suggested that S. Thunbergii synthesized large amount of laminaran, the storage substance of brown algae, during the senescence period. However, sulfate contents were relatively stable in the life cycle of S. thunbergii. These results suggested that S. thunbergii synthesized complex sulfated heteropolysacchairdes during inactive period, while during other periods, it synthesized more sulfated galactofucan. All polysaccharides showed anti-complement activity, suggesting that the harvesting time did not influence the anti-complement activities. In the anti-tumour assay in vitro, the polysaccharides taken during the senescence period had much lower anti-tumour activity, suggesting that fucoidan, but not laminaran, determined the anti-tumour activities. Therefore, polysaccharides from S. thunbergii might have great potential in anti-complement and anti-tumour application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ge Liu
- Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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