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Luo X, Chen X, Zhang L, Liu B, Xie L, Ma Y, Zhang M, Jin X. Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Bruguiera Genus and Its Endophytes: A Review. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:158. [PMID: 38667775 PMCID: PMC11050931 DOI: 10.3390/md22040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Bruguiera, a member of the Rhizophoraceae family, is predominantly found in coastal areas as a mangrove plant, boasting a rich and diverse community of endophytes. This review systematically compiled approximately 496 compounds derived from both the Bruguiera genus and its associated endophytes, including 152 terpenoids, 17 steroids, 16 sulfides, 44 alkaloids and peptides, 66 quinones, 68 polyketides, 19 flavonoids, 38 phenylpropanoids, 54 aromatic compounds, and 22 other compounds. Among these, 201 compounds exhibited a spectrum of activities, including cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, insecticidal and mosquito repellent, and enzyme inhibitory properties, etc. These findings provided promising lead compounds for drug discovery. Certain similar or identical compounds were found to be simultaneously present in both Bruguiera plants and their endophytes, and the phenomenon of their interaction relationship was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongming Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lian Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Yan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Wu Y, Yin W, Hao P, Chen Y, Yu L, Yu X, Wu Y, Li X, Wang W, Zhou H, Yuan Y, Quan X, Yu Y, Hu B, Chen S, Zhou Z, Sun W. Polysaccharide from Panax japonicus C.A. Mey prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development based on regulating liver metabolism and gut microbiota in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129430. [PMID: 38228199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a new polysaccharide (PSPJ) with specific molecular weight and monosaccharide compositions was isolated and purified from the water extract of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma (PJR). 16S rRNA analysis and untargeted metabolomic analysis were used to assess PSPJ's efficacy in averting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study indicated that PSPJ significantly reduced liver fat accumulation, the increase in blood lipids and ALT caused by HFD, indicating that PSPJ can prevent NAFLD. We demonstrated through cell experiments that PSPJ does not directly affect liver cells. The gut microbiota disorder and alterations in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induced by the high-fat diet (HFD) were ameliorated by PSPJ, as evidenced by the analysis of 16S rRNA. In particular, supplementing PSPJ reduced the abundance of Turicibacter, Dubosiella, and Staphylococcus, and increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Blautia, and Lactobacillus. Untargeted metabolomic analysis shows that PSPJ improves liver metabolic disorders by regulating arachidonic acid metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and retinol metabolism. The findings of our investigation indicate that PSPJ has the potential to modulate liver metabolism through alterations in the composition of intestinal bacteria, hence preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yueru Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lingyun Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingjian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, United States of America
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaocong Li
- College of Medicine, Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic, No.31 Stadium Road, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shouhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, No. 1303 Jiaoyu East Road, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China.
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Wayal V, Hsieh CC. Bioactive dipeptides mitigate high-fat and high-fructose corn syrup diet-induced metabolic-associated fatty liver disease via upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 expressions in C57BL/6J mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115724. [PMID: 37852102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly referred to as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a common liver disease characterized by an abnormal buildup of fat in liver. This study aimed to investigate whether bioactive dipeptides mitigate high-fat and high-fructose corn syrup diet (HFFD)-induced MAFLD in C57BL/6J mice. Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups. The naïve group (untreated) was fed a standard chow diet and other groups were fed with HFFD along with vehicle and bioactive dipeptides treatment throughout experiment period. The control group received vehicle, YF10 and YF50 groups received Tyr-Phe, 10 and 50 mg/kg/day, FY10 and FY50 groups received Phe-Tyr, 10 and 50 mg/kg/day. At the end of experiment, body weight was recorded, and glucose homeostasis was assessed. Mice were sacrificed and blood samples were collected to measure biochemical parameters. Further, liver, visceral fat pads, and other organs were acutely dissected, weighed, and processed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes were analyzed. Long-term HFFD feeding resulted in elevated body weight gain, liver weight, visceral adiposity, liver injury, fasting hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. It also increased severe hepatic steatosis, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lipid peroxidation. However, bioactive dipeptides dose-dependently alleviated these complications which are associated with MAFLD by modulating adipokines secretion and antioxidant defense system via upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 expressions. This study highlights potential of bioactive dipeptides as a promising approach for prevention and/or treatment of MAFLD induced by HFFD, providing novel insights into alternative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Wayal
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan.
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Zhang L, Li N, Chen S, Bian X, Farag MA, Ge Y, Xiao J, Wu JL. Carboxyl-containing compounds in food: Category, functions, and analysis with chemical derivatization-based LC-MS. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ameliorating Effects of Bioactive Peptides Extracted from Litopenaeus vannamei Wastes on Oxidative Stress, Glucose Regulation, and Autophagy Gene Expression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver-Induced Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2679634. [PMID: 36062167 PMCID: PMC9436606 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2679634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of bioactive peptides from Litopenaeus vannamei on oxidative stress, glucose regulation, and autophagy gene expression in the induced nonalcoholic fatty liver rats. Bioactive peptides used in the current study were extracted in a progressive rise in temperature (40–60°C) (GP). For this purpose, twenty-four healthy male rats (initial weight, 230.1 ± 22 g) were divided in four experimental groups including control (standard diet), HFD (high-fat diet), HFD + GP20, and 300 (high-fat diet + 20, 300 mg peptides/kg body weight). After 70 days, the results indicated that experimental treatments did not affect the body and liver weight (P > 0.05), although the higher liver weight was seen in HFD treatment. Based on these results, the use of GP peptides improved antioxidant enzymes and decreased MDA concentration, and a significant difference was observed between peptide treatments and HFD (P < 0.05). In comparison to the HFD group, significantly lower liver enzymes (ALT and AST) were seen in peptide treatments (P < 0.05). Also, the results indicated that the lowest amylase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and inflammation cytokines (TNF-ɑ and IL-6) were seen in peptide groups. The autophagy gene expression was measured in the liver cells, and the results showed that, unlike HFD treatment, the use of GP peptides decreased Beclin 1, Atg7, and P62 expression in male rat's livers. Overall, the results of the current study demonstrated that the use of GP peptides at low concentration shows significant hypoglycemia and antioxidant properties in nonalcoholic fatty liver-induced rats.
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Hadavi M, Najdegerami EH, Nikoo M, Nejati V. Protective effect of protein hydrolysates from Litopenaeus vannamei waste on oxidative status, glucose regulation, and autophagy genes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Wistar rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:954-963. [PMID: 36159326 PMCID: PMC9464338 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.62167.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): The effects of protein hydrolysates (FP) from Litopenaeus vannamei on oxidative stress, and autophagy gene expression was investigated in the NAFLD-induced rats. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups: Control, High-fat diet (HFD), FP20+HFD, and FP300+HFD (20 and 300 mg FP /kg rat body weight) and fed for 70 days. Results: The results indicated that the rat body and relative weight of the liver were not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05) although the highest relative weight of the liver was observed in HFD treatment. The highest and lowest values for antioxidant enzymes and MDA concentration were observed in FP treatments (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that FP significantly decreased liver enzymes (ALT, AST) in the liver in comparison with HFD treatment (P<0.05). Plasma biochemical indices were investigated and the lowest amylase, ALP, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, cholesterol, and inflammation cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) were seen in the FP treatments which had a significant difference with HFD (P<0.05). Autophagy gene expression in the liver cells was affected by experimental diets and the lowest expression of Beclin-1 and Atg7 was observed in HFD and FP300 treatments. Interestingly, the highest expression of LC3-ɪ and P62 was seen in HFD and FP treatments, not in the control. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this experiment indicated that FPs extracted from Whiteleg shrimp at 50 °C improve the oxidative status, glucose metabolism, and autophagy gene expression and could be used as a useful nutritional strategy in fatty liver prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirhossein Hadavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ebrahim H. Najdegerami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran,Corresponding author: Ebrahim H. Najdegerami. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Nikoo
- Department of Pathobiology and Quality Control, Artemia & Aquaculture Research institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Xu B, Zheng J, Tian X, Yuan F, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Yang Z, Ding X. Protective mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine guizhi fuling pills against carbon tetrachloride-induced kidney damage is through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and regulating the intestinal flora. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154129. [PMID: 35490491 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical or drug-induced kidney damage has been recognized as a critical cause of kidney failure. The oxidative stress, inflammation, and imbalance of intestinal flora caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) play a fundamental role in chronic kidney damage. Guizhi Fuling pills (GZFL) is a traditional formula consisting of five traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, which can promote blood circulation and improve kidney function. The underlying mechanisms of GZFL improving kidney damage are not fully understood yet. AIM The current study aimed to explore the effects of GZFL on CCl4-induced kidney damage and intestinal microbiota in mice. METHODS Male ICR mice were intraperitoneally administered with 20% CCl4 (mixed in a ratio of 1:4 in soybean oil) twice a week, for 4 weeks to induce kidney damage. Creatinine (CRE), urea nitrogen, antioxidant enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines were measured and the histology of the kidney, jejunum, and colon examination to assess kidney and intestinal damage. The expressions of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) family members, nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in kidney tissues, and the tight junction proteins in colonic tissues were detected by Western blot. The gut microbiota was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS GZFL treatment decreased the serum CRE and urea nitrogen levels. Moreover, GZFL reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in kidney and colonic tissues. GZFL improved the kidney, jejunum, and colon histology. Furthermore, GZFL inhibited the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved-Caspase-1, while Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GCLM, and tight junction proteins were increased. The dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota improved after GZFL treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that GZFL could improve kidney damage, which might be mainly via the integrated regulations of the Nrf2 pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome, and composition of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogui Xu
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tian
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Falei Yuan
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Yafeng Zhou
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zuisu Yang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Xianjun Ding
- Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhoushan 316000, China.
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Ye J, Tian X, Wang Q, Zheng J, Yang Y, Xu B, Zhang S, Yuan F, Yang Z. Monkfish Peptides Mitigate High Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Mice. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050312. [PMID: 35621963 PMCID: PMC9147042 DOI: 10.3390/md20050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic metabolic syndrome usually accompanied by fatty degeneration and functional impairment. The aim of the study was to determine whether monkfish peptides (LPs) could ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD and its underlying mechanisms. NAFLD was induced in mice by giving them an HFD for eight weeks, after which LPs were administered in various dosages. In comparison to the HFD control group: body weight in the LP-treated groups decreased by 23–28%; triacylglycerol levels in the blood decreased by 16–35%; and low-density lipoproteins levels in the blood decreased by 23–51%. Additionally, we found that LPs elevated the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and reduced the inflammatory reactions within fatty liver tissue. Investigating the effect on metabolic pathways, we found that in LP-treated mice: the levels of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and phospho-acetyl CoA carboxylase (p-ACC) in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway were up-regulated and the levels of downstream sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1) were down-regulated; lipid oxidation increased and free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation decreased (revealed by the increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and the decreased fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression, respectively); the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway was activated; and the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nicotinamide quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) were increased. Overall, all these findings demonstrated that LPs can improve the antioxidant capacity of liver to alleviate NAFLD progression mainly through modulating the AMPK and Nrf2 pathways, and thus it could be considered as an effective candidate in the treatment of human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiena Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Y.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (B.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Y.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (B.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Qiongfen Wang
- Zhoushan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zhoushan 316000, China;
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Y.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (B.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yanzhuo Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Y.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (B.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Baogui Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Y.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (B.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Y.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (B.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Falei Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Y.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (B.X.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zuisu Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Y.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (B.X.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (Z.Y.)
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Wei Q, Guo JS. Developing natural marine products for treating liver diseases. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2369-2381. [PMID: 35434070 PMCID: PMC8968605 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i8.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, marine-derived bioactive compounds have gained increasing attention because of their higher biodiversity vs land-derived compounds. A number of marine-derived compounds are proven to improve lipid metabolism, modulate the gut microbiota, and possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor activities. With the increasing understanding of the molecular landscape underlying the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, interest has spiked in developing new therapeutic drugs and medicine food homology from marine sources for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zang L, Shimada Y, Nakayama H, Matsuoka I, Kim Y, Chu DC, Juneja LR, Tsuruta R, Sasakawa Y, Kuroyanagi J, Nishimura N. Globin Digest Improves Visceral Adiposity Through UCP1 Upregulation in Diet-Induced Obese Zebrafish and Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:650975. [PMID: 34646848 PMCID: PMC8502801 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.650975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globin digest (GD), a bioactive oligopeptide derived from porcine hemoglobin proteins, has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on improving postprandial hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and liver injury. We previously reported the lipid-lowering effects of GD using a zebrafish obesogenic test. Here, we sought to evaluate the effect of GD on visceral adiposity and the underlying molecular mechanisms using zebrafish and mouse obesity models. GD ameliorated dyslipidemia and suppressed the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in adult obese zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing of GD-treated adult zebrafish revealed that GD upregulated UCP1-related pathways. Further, we performed mouse experiments and found that GD intake (2 mg/g body weight/day) was associated with lowered plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, decreased VAT accumulation, and improved adipocyte hypertrophy with the upregulation of Ucp1 expression in white adipose tissue at both the mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, these results indicate that GD improves visceral adiposity by upregulating UCP1 expression, providing a novel perspective on combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakayama
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Izumi Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Youngil Kim
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Lekh Raj Juneja
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- MG Pharma Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
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Yu K, Huang K, Tang Z, Huang X, Sun L, Pang L, Mo C. Metabolism and antioxidation regulation of total flavanones from Sedum sarmentosum Bunge against high-fat diet-induced fatty liver disease in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1149-1164. [PMID: 34142329 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced fatty liver is a considerable threaten to fish aquaculture due to the popularity of the high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Our study aims to investigate the effects of flavanones from Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (FSSB) on the liver function to identify a potential treatment for HFD-induced fatty liver disease. Physiological and pathological indicators were tested in the liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and results showed parameters including lipid metabolites, redox parameters, and inflammatory factors could be adequately restored to normal level by addition of 150 mg/kg FSSB to HFD. Proteomics analysis was performed in liver tissues from tilapia with normal diet (ND), HFD, and HFD+FSSB. Totally, 51 upregulated proteins and 77 downregulated proteins were identified in HFD groups and 67 proteins of them were restored after treated with FSSB. Bioinformatics analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in HFD+FSSB150 group compared with HFD group are mainly enriched in acety-CoA metabolic process, adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) biosynthetic process, lipid metabolic process, and phospholipid metabolic process. The dysregulated proteins were involved in peroxidosome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, fat digestion and absorption, and immune system. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay further revealed that the expression of GST, PPARα, PPARγ, and multiple-inflammatory cytokines could be also reversed in HFD group under the treatment of 150 mg/kg FSSB. Our findings demonstrated FSSB is efficient for the treatment of fatty liver disease through regulation of lipid metabolism and antioxidation in Nile tilapia, providing a new treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in fish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 East Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Kai Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 East Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Zhanyang Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 East Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Xiuyun Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 East Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 East Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Linxing Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 East Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Cuiqin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 East Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China
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Zhou Y, Tian S, Qian L, Jiang S, Tang Y, Han T. DHA-enriched phosphatidylserine ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice induced by a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 12:4021-4033. [PMID: 33977946 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03471a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phosphatidylserine (DHA-PS) has attracted increasing attention because of its unique health benefits. In this study, DHA-PS was biosynthesized from DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine (DHA-PC), which was extracted from herring roe, Clupea harengus. The ameliorating effect of DHA-PS on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was investigated using a mouse model. The DHA-PS treatment ameliorated NAFLD and effectively decreased the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and considerably increased the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Moreover, the DHA-PS treatment reduced the levels of liver-function enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines and also the oxidative stress indices. Furthermore, DHA-PS increased the diversity and richness of the beneficial intestinal microorganisms, suggesting its potential as a dietary supplement and functional food to combat HFD-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Shanshan Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Li Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Su Jiang
- ECA Healthcare Inc., Shanghai 201101, China
| | - Yunping Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China.
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Krueger K, Boehme E, Klettner AK, Zille M. The potential of marine resources for retinal diseases: a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7518-7560. [PMID: 33970706 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We rely on vision more than on any other sense to obtain information about our environment. Hence, the loss or even impairment of vision profoundly affects our quality of life. Diet or food components have already demonstrated beneficial effects on the development of retinal diseases. Recently, there has been a growing interest in resources from marine animals and plants for the prevention of retinal diseases through nutrition. Especially fish intake and omega-3 fatty acids have already led to promising results, including associations with a reduced incidence of retinal diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are insufficiently explained. The aim of this review was to summarize the known mechanistic effects of marine resources on the pathophysiological processes in retinal diseases. We performed a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines and identified 107 studies investigating marine resources in the context of retinal diseases. Of these, 46 studies described the underlying mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic/vasoprotective, cytoprotective, metabolic, and retinal function effects, which we critically summarize. We further discuss perspectives on the use of marine resources for human nutrition to prevent retinal diseases with a particular focus on regulatory aspects, health claims, safety, and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Krueger
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elke Boehme
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexa Karina Klettner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Quincke Research Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marietta Zille
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Nogales F, Cebadero O, Romero-Herrera I, Rua RM, Carreras O, Ojeda ML. Selenite supplementation modulates the hepatic metabolic sensors AMPK and SIRT1 in binge drinking exposed adolescent rats by avoiding oxidative stress. Food Funct 2021; 12:3022-3032. [PMID: 33710180 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02831b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking (BD) is the main alcohol consumption pattern among teenagers. Recently, oxidative stress (OS) generated by BD exposure has been related to hepatic metabolic deregulation and cardiovascular dysfunction. This study analyzed if BD by generating oxidative stress modulates the alteration in hepatic energy homeostasis through two important regulators of energy metabolism: the NAD+-dependent sirtuin deacetylase (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and if supplementation with the antioxidant selenium (Se) improves these metabolic disorders. Four groups of adolescent rats supplemented or not with Se (0.4 ppm) and exposed to intermittent i.p. BD were used. BD rats showed an increased AST/ALT ratio, total bilirubin in serum and lipid peroxidation in the liver. The BD rats also showed a higher abdominal/thoracic ratio and increased levels of TG, gluc, and chol compared to the control group, provoking an increase in mean blood pressure (MBP). This alcohol consumption pattern decreased hepatic Se deposits, cytoplasmic GPx activity, and GSH levels as well as the expressions of two metabolic sensors and the pAMPK/AMPK ratio. Se supplementation restored antioxidant parameters and decreased lipid oxidation, avoiding OS and improving the hepatic expression of pAMPK and SIRT1, contributing to the improvement of metabolic (better lipid profile and IRS-1 expression) and vascular function (lower MBP), and to the increase of hepatic functionality (lower AST/ALT ratio). All these actions decrease cardiometabolic risk factor development in the short and long term and could disrupt the relationship between BD and MS, two problems which are currently affecting adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Nogales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Liang XY, Hong FF, Yang SL. Astragaloside IV Alleviates Liver Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis to Protect Against Experimental Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1871-1883. [PMID: 33953586 PMCID: PMC8089473 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s304817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main form of chronic liver disease in the world. Astragaloside IV (ASIV) has been tested in experimental models of different diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and protective mechanism of ASIV on NAFLD. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and palmitate acid (PA)-induced RAW264.7 cells and LO2 cells were used as a NAFLD model. The mice NAFLD model was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Liver lipid metabolism was evaluated by triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) kits and oil red O staining. Oxidative stress indicators were examined through biochemical methods. Inflammatory factors were explored through enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), real-time quantitative PCR and oxidative stress indicator kits. The expression levels of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) were checked by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI cell apoptosis detection kit. RESULTS Our results showed that in vivo ASIV significantly reduced liver tissue damage, and serum AST, ALT and serum TG levels in NAFLD mice. In vitro, ASIV reduced cell supernatant TG and TC content increased by PA treatment, and significantly decreased the accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets induced by PA treatment. Additionally, ASIV reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and restored glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in PA-treated LO2 cell supernatant. Furthermore, ASIV inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. We also found that ASIV downregulated the expression of 5-LO and LTB4 (leukotriene B4) in NAFLD mice. Moreover, ASIV restored apoptotic protein (Bax and Bcl-2) expression in PA-treated LO2 cells. CONCLUSION ASIV may reduce liver steatosis, hepatocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis, and decrease liver inflammation, thereby attenuating the progression of NAFLD and thus might be of therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yu Liang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People’s Republic of China
- Fen-Fang Hong Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 18970965319 Email
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shu-Long Yang Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13576291532 Email
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Zhai M, Yan X, Liu J, Long Z, Zhao S, Li W, Liu Y, Hai C. Electromagnetic Fields Ameliorate Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis by Modulating Redox Homeostasis and SREBP-1c Expression in db/db Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1035-1042. [PMID: 33727836 PMCID: PMC7954280 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s294020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has recently become known as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), has risen. However, pharmacotherapies for this disease have not been approved. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have excellent bioeffects on multiple diseases. However, the effects of EMFs on NAFLD are unknown. This study investigated the bioeffects of EMF exposure on insulin resistance, liver redox homeostasis and hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. METHODS Animals were sacrificed after EMF exposure for 8 weeks. The fasting blood glucose and insulin levels in the serum were tested. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated by a formula. The levels of MDA, GSSG and GSH, biomarkers of redox, were assessed. The activities of CAT, SOD and GSH-Px were assessed. The body and liver weights were measured. Hepatic lipid accumulation was observed by Oil Red O staining. Hepatic CAT, GR, GSH-Px, SOD1, SOD2 and SREBP-1 expression was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS EMF exposure ameliorated insulin resistance and oxidative stress in the liver by downregulating the MDA and GSSG levels, increasing the reduced GSH levels, and promoting the GSH-Px levels in db/db mice. In addition, liver weight and triglyceride (TG) levels were reduced by EMF exposure. Simultaneously, EMF exposure improved hepatic steatosis by downregulating the protein expression of SREBP-1c. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that EMF exposure has positive effects in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi Long
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyan Zhao
- Institute of Nuclear Biological and Chemical Defence, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wendan Li
- Institute of Nuclear Biological and Chemical Defence, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Nuclear Biological and Chemical Defence, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Ying Liu Institute of Nuclear Biological and Chemical Defence, No. 1, Yangfang Zhongxin North Street, Beijing, 102205, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Chunxu Hai Air Force Medical University (AFMU), No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-29-84774879 Email
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Xu N, Luo H, Li M, Wu J, Wu X, Chen L, Gan Y, Guan F, Li M, Su Z, Chen J, Liu Y. β-patchoulene improves lipid metabolism to alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via activating AMPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111104. [PMID: 33341045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been a leading cause of chronic metabolic disease, seriously posing healthy burdens to the public, whereas interventions available for it are limited to date. Patchouli oil had been reported to attenuate hepatic steatosis in our previous study. β-patchoulene (β-PAE) is a representative component separated from patchouli oil with multiple activities, but its effect against NAFLD is still unknown. To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of β-PAE on NAFLD, we used high fat diet (HFD) in vivo and free fatty acid (FFA) in vitro to induce hepatic steatosis in rats and L02 cells, respectively. Histological examination was evaluated via Hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O staining. The parameters for hepatic steatosis were estimated via biochemical kits, western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Compound C, the inhibitor of AMPK, was applied further to examine the precise mechanism of β-PAE on NAFLD. Our results indicated that β-PAE significantly attenuated HFD-induced weight gain, hepatic injury, lipid deposition in serum and hepatic tissue as well as FFA induced-lipid accumulation. Besides, β-PAE markedly improved the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream factors which correlate with hepatic lipid synthesis and oxidation in vivo and in vitro. Nevertheless, Compound C abrogated the benefits derived from β-PAE in L02 cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that β-PAE exerts AMPK agonist-like effect to regulate hepatic lipid synthesis and oxidation, eventually prevent NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Minyao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiazhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuxuan Gan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Fengkun Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan & Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Cooperative Academy of Mathematical Engineering for Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan & Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Cooperative Academy of Mathematical Engineering for Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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Jin L, Zheng D, Yang G, Li W, Yang H, Jiang Q, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xie X. Tilapia Skin Peptides Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats and HG-Induced GMCs by Improving Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070363. [PMID: 32679664 PMCID: PMC7401261 DOI: 10.3390/md18070363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in the kidneys of diabetic patients. Tilapia skin peptides (TSPs) are mixtures of small-molecular-weight peptides derived from tilapia skin. Rising evidence suggests that bioactive peptides from marine sources are beneficial for DN. This study aimed to investigate whether TSPs can alleviate the pathological progress in experimental DN by improving mitochondrial dysfunction through the activation of Bnip3/Nix signaling. In the current study, TSPs treatment alleviated the metabolic parameters and renal morphology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, TSPs treatment significantly activated Bnip3/Nix signaling and improved the mitochondrial morphology, reversed the over-production of mitochondrial superoxide and cellular reactive oxygen species and the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby inhibiting the expressions of fibronectin, collagen IV and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in glomerular mesangial cells induced by high glucose. Collectively, our results suggest that TSPs show the renoprotective effect on DN by improving mitochondrial dysfunction, and they can be a potential therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.J.); (D.Z.); (G.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Dongxiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.J.); (D.Z.); (G.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Guanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.J.); (D.Z.); (G.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (W.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (W.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Yongjun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (W.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yingxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.J.); (D.Z.); (G.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Xi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.J.); (D.Z.); (G.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-0895-8617
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Wang Z, Li S, Wang R, Guo L, Xu D, Zhang T, Xu Y, Wang W, Wang M, Gan Z, Wang X. The protective effects of the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist BRL37344 against liver steatosis and inflammation in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mol Med 2020; 26:54. [PMID: 32503411 PMCID: PMC7275314 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist BRL37344 for the prevention of liver steatosis and inflammation associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Four groups were established: a control group (given a standard diet), a high-fat diet (HFD) group, an HFD + β3-AR agonist (β3-AGO) group, and an HFD + β3-AR antagonist (β3-ANT) group. All rats were fed for 12 weeks. The β3-AR agonist BRL37344 and the antagonist L748337 were administered for the last 4 weeks with Alzet micro-osmotic pumps. The rat body weights (g) were measured at the end of the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. At the end of the 12th week, the liver weights were measured. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed with a Hitachi automatic analyzer. The lipid levels of the triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) were also measured. An oil red O kit was used to detect lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes. Steatosis, ballooning degeneration and inflammation were histopathologically determined. The protein and mRNA expression levels of β3-AR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (mCPT-1), and fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 were measured by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR, respectively. RESULTS After treatment with the β3-AR agonist BRL37344 for 4 weeks, the levels of ALT, AST, TGs, TC, LDL-C and FFAs were decreased in the NAFLD model group compared with the HFD group. Body and liver weights, liver index values and lipid droplet accumulation were lower in the HFD + β3-AGO group than in the HFD group. Decreased NAFLD activity scores (NASs) also showed that liver steatosis and inflammation were ameliorated after treatment with BRL37344. Moreover, the β3-AR antagonist L748337 reversed these effects. Additionally, the protein and gene expression levels of β3-AR, PPAR-α, and mCPT-1 were increased in the HFD + β3-AGO group, whereas those of PPAR-γ and FAT/CD36 were decreased. CONCLUSION The β3-AR agonist BRL37344 is beneficial for reducing liver fat accumulation and for ameliorating liver steatosis and inflammation in NAFLD. These effects may be associated with PPARs/mCPT-1 and FAT/CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Liansheng Guo
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Dan Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Tieyuan Zhang
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Min Wang
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Zhongwei Gan
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
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Chen Z, Tian R, She Z, Cai J, Li H. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:116-141. [PMID: 32156524 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with the presence of oxidative stress. Disturbances in lipid metabolism lead to hepatic lipid accumulation, which affects different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and NADPH oxidase. Mitochondrial function adapts to NAFLD mainly through the downregulation of the electron transport chain (ETC) and the preserved or enhanced capacity of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, which stimulates ROS overproduction within different ETC components upstream of cytochrome c oxidase. However, non-ETC sources of ROS, in particular, fatty acid β-oxidation, appear to produce more ROS in hepatic metabolic diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and NADPH oxidase alterations are also associated with NAFLD, but the degree of their contribution to oxidative stress in NAFLD remains unclear. Increased ROS generation induces changes in insulin sensitivity and in the expression and activity of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Moreover, the interaction between redox signaling and innate immune signaling forms a complex network that regulates inflammatory responses. Based on the mechanistic view described above, this review summarizes the mechanisms that may account for the excessive production of ROS, the potential mechanistic roles of ROS that drive NAFLD progression, and therapeutic interventions that are related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zhigang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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MiR-195 regulates CD40 to maintain Th17/Treg balance in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109930. [PMID: 31991386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to explore the relationship between miR-195 and CD40 and its effect on Th17/Treg balance in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS We established rat models of NAFLD and made seven groups, Normal group (without modeling), Model group (model rats), NC group (model rats injected with negative control vector), miR-195 OE group (model rats injected with miR-195 mimic), anti-miR-195 group (model rats injected with miR-195 inhibitor), Si-CD40 group (model rats injected with CD40 silencing vector), and anti-miR-195+Si-CD40 group (model rats injected with miR-195 inhibitor and CD40 silencing vector). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay verified the targeting relationship between miR-195 and CD40. The mRNA and protein expression levels of miR-195, CD40 as well as Th17/Treg associated cytokines in the liver tissues were detected. The pathological changes of liver tissues were detected, and the liver lesion scoring was carried out. The liver coefficient was calculated. The levels of liver function related indices, and Th17/Treg associated cytokines and inflammatory factors in serum were determined. The proportions of Th17/Treg cells in serum were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with Normal group, miR-195 expression level in liver tissues of rats in other six groups was significantly reduced (all P < 0.05); the serum levels of AST, ALT, GGT, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-23, IL-6, IL-8, TC, TG, HDL, and LDL, and the Th17/Treg ratio, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of CD40, RORyt, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-23, and IL-8 in liver tissues were significantly increased (all P < 0.05); while the mRNA and protein expression levels of Foxp3, and IL-10 level were significantly reduced (all P < 0.05). Compared with Model group, the above parameters showed an opposite trend in miR-195 OE group and Si-CD40 group were significantly reduced (all P < 0.05). Moreover, anti-miR-195 group could aggravate the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells in rats with NAFLD and promote inflammatory response. Compared with anti-miR-195 group, the combined treatment in anti-miR-195+Si-CD40 group can partially avoid the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells, and inhibit inflammatory response. CONCLUSION Overexpression of miR-195 can reduce the Th17/Treg ratio to maintain Th17/Treg balance by inhibiting CD40 expression in rats with NAFLD.
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Immunomodulatory Effects of the Meretrix Meretrix Oligopeptide (QLNWD) on Immune-Deficient Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244452. [PMID: 31817348 PMCID: PMC6943722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the immunomodulatory effects of the Meretrix meretrix oligopeptide (MMO, QLNWD) in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immune-deficient mice. Compared to untreated, CTX-induced immune-deficient mice, the spleen and thymus indexes of mice given moderate (100 mg/kg) and high (200 mg/kg) doses of MMO were significantly higher (p < 0.05), and body weight loss was alleviated. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining revealed that MMO reduced spleen injury, thymus injury, and liver injury induced by CTX in mice. Furthermore, MMO boosted the production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and hemolysin in the serum and promoted the proliferation and differentiation of spleen T-lymphocytes. Taken together, our findings suggest that MMO plays a vital role in protection against immunosuppression in CTX-induced immune-deficient mice and could be a potential immunomodulatory candidate for use in functional foods or immunologic adjuvants.
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Jiang X, Yang F, Zhao Q, Tian D, Tang Y. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide derived from Cyclaina sinensis against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:392-398. [PMID: 31607481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our study was aimed at investigating the hepatoprotective effects of pentadecapeptide (RVAPEEHPVEGRYLV) from Cyclaina sinensis (SCSP) against cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Our results show that SCSP can significantly alleviate CTX-induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) in the liver. In addition, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also significantly decreased in the liver tissues when treated with SCSP. Moreover, the protein levels of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and apoptosis-related proteins were also restored by SCSP treatment. Overall, our results suggest that SCSP can potentially improve the CTX-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hangzhou Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Qiaojun Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Diying Tian
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yunping Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
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Immunoenhancement effects of pentadecapeptide derived from Cyclina sinensis on immune-deficient mice induced by Cyclophosphamide. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Astaxanthin as a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Modulator: Its Therapeutic Implications. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040242. [PMID: 31018521 PMCID: PMC6521084 DOI: 10.3390/md17040242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are part of the nuclear hormone receptors superfamily that plays a pivotal role in functions such as glucose and lipid homeostasis. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a lipid-soluble xanthophyll carotenoid synthesized by many microorganisms and various types of marine life that is known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anticancer activities. As such, it is a promising nutraceutical resource. ASX-mediated modulation of PPARs and its therapeutic implications in various pathophysiological conditions are described in this review. ASX primarily enhances the action of PPARα and suppresses that of PPARβ/δ and PPARγ, but it has also been confirmed that ASX displays the opposite effects on PPARs, depending on the cell context. Anti-inflammatory effects of ASX are mediated by PPARγ activation, which induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and gastric epithelial cells. The PPARγ-agonistic effect of ASX treatment results in the inhibition of cellular growth and apoptosis in tumor cells. Simultaneous and differential regulation of PPARα and PPARγ activity by ASX has demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect, maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis and preventing related hepatic problems. Considering additional therapeutic benefits of ASX such as anti-gastric, cardioprotective, immuno-modulatory, neuroprotective, retinoprotective, and osteogenic effects, more studies on the association between ASX-mediated PPAR regulation and its therapeutic outcomes in various pathophysiological conditions are needed to further elucidate the role of ASX as a novel nutraceutical PPAR modulator.
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Ore A, Akinloye OA. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Clinical and Experimental Models of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55020026. [PMID: 30682878 PMCID: PMC6410206 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a term that covers a range of hepatic disorders involving fat deposits in the liver. NAFLD begins with simple steatosis and progresses into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterised by inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction and release of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress and antioxidants are known to play a vital role in the pathogenesis and severity of NAFLD/NASH. A number of oxidative stress and antioxidant markers are employed in the assessment of the pathological state and progression of the disease. In this article, we review several biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidants that have been measured at clinical and experimental levels. Also included is a comprehensive description of oxidative stress, sources and contribution to the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayokanmi Ore
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria.
| | - Oluseyi Adeboye Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
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Novel Bioactive Peptides from Meretrix meretrix Protect Caenorhabditis elegans against Free Radical-Induced Oxidative Stress through the Stress Response Factor DAF-16/FOXO. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110444. [PMID: 30423886 PMCID: PMC6265947 DOI: 10.3390/md16110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hard clam Meretrix meretrix, which has been traditionally used as medicine and seafood, was used in this study to isolate antioxidant peptides. First, a peptide-rich extract was tested for its protective effect against paraquat-induced oxidative stress using the nematode model Caenorhabditis elegans. Then, three novel antioxidant peptides; MmP4 (LSDRLEETGGASS), MmP11 (KEGCREPETEKGHR) and MmP19 (IVTNWDDMEK), were identified and were found to increase the resistance of nematodes against paraquat. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that MmP4 was predominantly in beta-sheet conformation, while MmP11 and MmP19 were primarily in random coil conformation. Using transgenic nematode models, the peptides were shown to promote nuclear translocation of the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor, a pivotal regulator of stress response and lifespan, and induce the expression of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD-3), an antioxidant enzyme. Analysis of DAF-16 target genes by real-time PCR reveals that sod-3 was up-regulated by MmP4, MmP11 and MmP19 while ctl-1 and ctl-2 were also up-regulated by MmP4. Further examination of daf-16 using RNA interference suggests that the peptide-increased resistance of C. elegans to oxidative stress was DAF-16 dependent. Taken together, these data demonstrate the antioxidant activity of M. meretrix peptides, which are associated with activation of the stress response factor DAF-16 and regulation of the antioxidant enzyme genes.
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Kanda T, Matsuoka S, Yamazaki M, Shibata T, Nirei K, Takahashi H, Kaneko T, Fujisawa M, Higuchi T, Nakamura H, Matsumoto N, Yamagami H, Ogawa M, Imazu H, Kuroda K, Moriyama M. Apoptosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2661-2672. [PMID: 29991872 PMCID: PMC6034146 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has been increasing. NASH causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is one of the most serious health problems in the world. The mechanism through which NASH progresses is still largely unknown. Activation of caspases, Bcl-2 family proteins, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-induced hepatocyte apoptosis plays a role in the activation of NAFLD/NASH. Apoptotic hepatocytes stimulate immune cells and hepatic stellate cells toward the progression of fibrosis in the liver through the production of inflammasomes and cytokines. Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism as well as microbiota accelerate these processes. The production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress is also involved. Cell death, including apoptosis, seems very important in the progression of NAFLD and NASH. Recently, inhibitors of apoptosis have been developed as drugs for the treatment of NASH and may prevent cirrhosis and HCC. Increased hepatocyte apoptosis may distinguish NASH from NAFLD, and the improvement of apoptosis could play a role in controlling the development of NASH. In this review, the association between apoptosis and NAFLD/NASH are discussed. This review could provide their knowledge, which plays a role in seeing the patients with NAFLD/NASH in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shunichi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Motomi Yamazaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazushige Nirei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kaneko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mariko Fujisawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Higuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamagami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroo Imazu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Kuroda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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