1
|
Mikulska-Sauermann AA, Resztak M, Karaźniewicz-Łada M, Filipowicz D, Ruchała M, Główka FK. Assessment of Vitamin Concentrations in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Their Relationships with Thyroid Function, Biochemical Status, and Anthropometric Parameters-A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1694. [PMID: 38892627 PMCID: PMC11174579 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the leading cause of hypothyroidism, affecting mainly the female population. Many patients with HT have metabolic disorders and nutritional deficiencies. The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin D, A, E, B2, and B6 concentrations, thyroid function, metabolic profile, and anthropometric parameters of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In 81 female patients with HT (study group), vitamin A and B2 concentrations were significantly lower than in 34 healthy women (control group). No differences were noted in vitamin D, E, and B6 concentrations between groups. Moreover, HT patients had similar anthropometric parameters, lipid profiles, and glucose and insulin concentrations compared to controls. This study showed some relationships between vitamin concentrations and anthropometric or biochemical profiles in HT patients. Among others, in the HT group, the concentration of vitamin D was positively correlated with the level of HDL and negatively correlated with BMI, total fat mass, and insulin level, which influence cardiovascular risk. The results indicate that patients with HT should be routinely tested for vitamin concentrations to prevent nutritional deficiencies. Further studies are also needed on the role of vitamins in the development and progression of HT and the presence of metabolic complications in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniceta Ada Mikulska-Sauermann
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.R.); (M.K.-Ł.); (F.K.G.)
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Matylda Resztak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.R.); (M.K.-Ł.); (F.K.G.)
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.R.); (M.K.-Ł.); (F.K.G.)
| | - Dorota Filipowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (D.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (D.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Franciszek K. Główka
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.R.); (M.K.-Ł.); (F.K.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marino M, Galeazzi T, Gesuita R, Ricci S, Catassi C, Cherubini V, Lionetti E. Differences in Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels at Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:743. [PMID: 38474871 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work is to assess the vitamin D levels, evaluated as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D of children with a new diagnosis of celiac disease (CD), of children with a new onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and in children with CD at diagnosis of T1D (T1D&CD). METHODS In this single-center observational study, we collected data for four groups of children and adolescents: T1D, CD, T1D&CD, and a control group (CG). The CG included schoolchildren who had negative results during a mass screening campaign for CD and were not diagnosed for T1D, according to RIDI Marche registry data, were considered for the purposes of this study. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3 were considered as the parameters for evaluating vitamin D nutritional status, and the date of measurement was recorded to analyze vitamin D level seasonality. Vitamin D nutritional status was categorized as follows: severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL), deficiency (<20 ng/mL), insufficiency (20-29 ng/mL), or sufficiency/adequacy (≥30 ng/mL). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the groups. The association of 25(OH)D levels with health conditions and seasonal differences of 25(OH)D levels was analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS The number of children enrolled for the present study was 393: 131 in the CG, 131 CD, 109 T1D, and 22 T1D&CD. Significantly lower levels of vitamin D were displayed for children with CD, T1D, or both the diseases. Interestingly, severe vitamin D deficiency was detected in no children with CD, 1.5% of children in the CG, in 24.4% with T1D, and 31.8% with T1D&CD (p < 0.001). As expected, the CG children vitamin D levels were significantly influenced by seasonality. Contrarily, no seasonal differences were reported in children with CD, T1D, and T1D&CD. Multiple regression analysis showed that children with T1D and T1D&CD had lower 25(OH)D levels of 9.9 ng/mL (95% CI: 5.4; 14.5) and 14.4 ng/mL (95% CI: 6.2-22.7) compared to CG children (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed low levels of vitamin D diagnosis of T1D, CD, and T1D&CD; however, severe deficiency was only reported in children with T1D and T1D&CD. More studies are needed to better understand the role of this deficiency in children newly diagnosed with CD and T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marino
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, G. Salesi Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Galeazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Marche Polytechnic University, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gesuita
- Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Salima Ricci
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Health, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo Catassi
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Health, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentino Cherubini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, G. Salesi Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Lionetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Health, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Daniel DJP, Shanmugasundaram S, Chandra Mohan KS, Siva Bharathi V, Abraham JK, Anbazhagan P, Pavadai P, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Sundar K, Kunjiappan S. Elucidating the role of phytocompounds from Brassica oleracea var. italic (Broccoli) on hyperthyroidism: an in-silico approach. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:6. [PMID: 38187876 PMCID: PMC10766920 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) plays a crucial role in regulating the metabolism in every cell and all organs in of the human body. TH also control the rate of calorie burning, body weight, and function of the heartbeat. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the role of phytocompounds from Brassica oleracea var. italic (Broccoli) against irregularities of TH biosynthesis (hyperthyroidism) through in silico molecular modelling. Initially, the genetic network was built with graph theoretical network analysis to find the right target to control excessive TH production. Based on the network analysis, the three-dimensional crystal structure of the mammalian enzyme lactoperoxidase (PDB id: 5ff1) was retrieved from the protein data bank (PDB), and the active site was predicted using BIOVIA Discovery studio. Sixty-three phytocompounds were selected from the IMPPAT database and other literature. Selected sixty-six phytocompounds were docked against lactoperoxidase enzyme and compared with the standard drug methimazole. Based on the docking scores and binding energies, the top three compounds, namely brassicoside (- 10.00 kcal × mol-1), 24-methylene-25-methylcholesterol (- 9.50 kcal × mol-1), 5-dehydroavenasterol (- 9.40 kcal × mol-1) along with standard drug methimazole (- 4.10 kcal × mol-1) were selected for further ADMET and molecular dynamics simulation analysis. The top-scored compounds were for their properties such as ADMET, physicochemical and drug-likeness. The molecular dynamics simulation analyses proved the stability of lactoperoxidase-ligand complexes. The intermolecular interaction assessed by the dynamic conditions paved the way to discover the bioactive compounds brassicoside, 24-methylene-25-methylcholesterol, and 5-dehydroavenasterol prevent the excessive production of thyroid hormones. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-023-00180-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derina J. Pearlin Daniel
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Shruthi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Karunya Sri Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Velayutham Siva Bharathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jins K. Abraham
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Parthiban Anbazhagan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, 560054 Karnataka India
| | - Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Krishnan Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pludowski P. Supplementing Vitamin D in Different Patient Groups to Reduce Deficiency. Nutrients 2023; 15:3725. [PMID: 37686757 PMCID: PMC10489803 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies indicate a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both the general population and at-risk groups. Given the association between vitamin D deficiency and various diseases, addressing this concern becomes crucial, especially in situations where routine monitoring is challenging. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature review of the current knowledge on vitamin D dosing in diverse at-risk populations and the application of the findings to a broader clinical perspective. RESULTS The reviewed studies revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients with musculoskeletal disorders, systemic connective tissue diseases, corticosteroid use, endocrine and metabolic conditions, malabsorption syndromes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and central nervous system diseases. Vitamin D deficiency was often more severe compared to the general population. Higher dosages of vitamin D beyond the recommended levels for the general population were shown to be effective in improving vitamin D status in these at-risk individuals. Additionally, some studies suggested a potential link between intermittent vitamin D administration and improved adherence. CONCLUSION Simplified dosing could empower clinicians to address vitamin D deficiency, particularly in high-risk populations, even without routine monitoring. Further research is needed to establish the optimal dosing regimens for specific at-risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Pludowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
França R, Cordeiro A, Pereira SE, Saboya CJ, Ramalho A. The Effect of Vitamin D Adequacy on Thyroid Hormones and Inflammatory Markers after Bariatric Surgery. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050603. [PMID: 37233644 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D status affects the clinical and corporal outcomes of postoperative patients who undergo a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adequate vitamin D serum concentrations on thyroid hormones, body weight, blood cell count, and inflammation after an RYGB. A prospective observational study was conducted with eighty-eight patients from whom we collected blood samples before and 6 months after surgery to evaluate their levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D, thyroid hormones, and their blood cell count. Their body weight, body mass index (BMI), total weight loss, and excess weight loss were also evaluated 6 and 12 months after surgery. After 6 months, 58% of the patients achieved an adequate vitamin D nutritional status. Patients in the adequate group showed a decrease in the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (3.01 vs. 2.22 µUI/mL, p = 0.017) with lower concentrations than the inadequate group at 6 months (2.22 vs. 2.84 µUI/mL, p = 0.020). Six months after surgery, the group with vitamin D adequacy showed a significantly lower BMI compared with the inadequate group at 12 months (31.51 vs. 35.04 kg/m2, p = 0.018). An adequate vitamin D nutritional status seems to favor a significant improvement in one's thyroid hormone levels, immune inflammatory profile, and weight loss performance after an RYGB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta França
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Adryana Cordeiro
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Silvia Elaine Pereira
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Carlos Saboya, Rio de Janeiro 22280-020, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Saboya
- Multidisciplinary Center of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Carlos Saboya, Rio de Janeiro 22280-020, Brazil
| | - Andrea Ramalho
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Department of Social Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Topan A, Lupse M, Calin M, Jianu C, Leucuta DC, Briciu V. 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Concentration and COVID-19 Severity and Outcome-A Retrospective Survey in a Romanian Hospital. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051227. [PMID: 36904227 PMCID: PMC10005256 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in the immunomodulatory function of vitamin D has grown since the COVID-19 pandemic started. Our study investigated the possible association between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity, intensive care needs, and mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. A prospective cohort study was performed on 2342 COVID-19 hospitalized patients between April 2020 and May 2022 in a Romanian tertiary hospital for infectious diseases. A multivariate generalized linear model for binary data was fit with dependent variables: severe/critical form of COVID-19, intensive care need, and fatal outcome as a function of vitamin D deficiency, controlling for age, comorbidities, and vaccination status. More than half of the patients (50.9%) were classified with vitamin D deficiency based on a serum concentration of less than 20 ng/mL. There was a negative association between vitamin D and age. Vitamin D-deficient patients presented with more cardiovascular, neurological, and pulmonary diseases, as well as diabetes, and cancer. In multivariate logistic regression models, vitamin D-deficient patients had higher odds of severe/critical forms of COVID-19 [OR = 1.23 (95% CI 1.03-1.47), p = 0.023] and higher odds of death [OR = 1.49 (95% CI 1.06-2.08), p = 0.02]. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with disease severity and death outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Topan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Lupse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihai Calin
- The Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Jianu
- The Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Violeta Briciu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mazur A, Frączek P, Tabarkiewicz J. Vitamin D as a Nutri-Epigenetic Factor in Autoimmunity-A Review of Current Research and Reports on Vitamin D Deficiency in Autoimmune Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204286. [PMID: 36296970 PMCID: PMC9611618 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a series of alterations regulating gene expression without disrupting the DNA sequence of bases. These regulatory mechanisms can result in embryogenesis, cellular differentiation, X-chromosome inactivation, and DNA-protein interactions. The main epigenetic mechanisms considered to play a major role in both health and disease are DNA methylation, histone modifications, and profiling of non-coding RNA. When the fragile balance between these simultaneously occurring phenomena is disrupted, the risk of pathology increases. Thus, the factors that determine proper epigenetic modeling are defined and those with disruptive influence are sought. Several such factors with proven negative effects have already been described. Diet and nutritional substances have recently been one of the most interesting targets of exploration for epigenetic modeling in disease states, including autoimmunity. The preventive role of proper nutrition and maintaining sufficient vitamin D concentration in maternal blood during pregnancy, as well as in the early years of life, is emphasized. Opportunities are also being investigated for affecting the course of the disease by exploring nutriepigenetics. The authors aim to review the literature presenting vitamin D as one of the important nutrients potentially modeling the course of disease in selected autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mazur
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Paulina Frączek
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fayed A, Alzeidan R, Esmaeil S, Elmorshedy H, Ismail D, Elkouny R, Wahabi HA. Cardiovascular Risk Among Saudi Adults with Prediabetes: A Sub-Cohort Analysis from the Heart Health Promotion (HHP) Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6861-6870. [PMID: 36061959 PMCID: PMC9439057 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s374190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes among Saudi adults and to evaluate their risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Methods This is a cohort of 2470 Saudi adults attending employee clinics in the university hospital. WHO-STEPs approach was used to collect sociodemographic (age, gender, and education), clinical (body mass index and blood pressure) and laboratory data (HbA1c, lipid profile and vitamin D concentration). Prediabetes was defined according to HbA1c level of 5.7–6.4%. Cardiovascular risk (CVR) scores were evaluated using the Framingham Risk Score. SPSS was used for data analysis to investigate the relation between different CVR and prediabetes. Results Prediabetes affected 25.1% of the study population. Males had higher rates of prediabetes than females (27.5% versus 23.5%). The prevalence of prediabetes increased from 11.6% among young individuals (18–29 years) to 56.0% among participants 60 years and older. Prediabetes patients exhibited considerably higher levels of all cardiovascular risk factors and nearly half of them (49.3%) had at least two risk factors. The prevalence of intermediate CVR among prediabetics was 13.2% compared to just 2.9% among the normal group, and high CVR was defined in 3.7% among prediabetics compared to only 1.7% in the normal group. Having prediabetes increased the odds to develop higher CVR of 2.64 times compared to those without prediabetes (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.51–4.64) and the level of vitamin D did not affect the odds of CVR. Conclusion Prediabetes is quite prevalent among Saudi adults, and they are at a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Patients with prediabetes have higher cardiac risk scores when compared to normal participants across the whole spectrum of (25(OH)D) concentrations. Additionally, no significant correlation was observed between HbA1c and (25(OH)D) levels in prediabetics or normoglycemic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Fayed
- College of Medicine, Clinical Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasmieh Alzeidan
- College of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia Esmaeil
- Research Chair of Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Samia Esmaeil, Research Chair of Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge translation, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 145111, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 500-243-112, Email
| | - Hala Elmorshedy
- College of Medicine, Clinical Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Ismail
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology & Rehabilitation, Tanta University, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Roaa Elkouny
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayfaa A Wahabi
- Research Chair of Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City and College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Le Moli R, Vella V, Tumino D, Piticchio T, Naselli A, Belfiore A, Frasca F. Inflammasome activation as a link between obesity and thyroid disorders: Implications for an integrated clinical management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:959276. [PMID: 36060941 PMCID: PMC9437482 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.959276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is strongly associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Obese patients have an increased risk to develop thyroid autoimmunity and to became hypothyroid, suggesting a pathogenetic link between obesity, inflammation and autoimmunity. Moreover, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, also characterized by low-grade inflammation, were recently associated with more aggressive forms of Graves' ophthalmopathy. The association between obesity and autoimmune thyroid disorders may also go in the opposite direction, as treating autoimmune hyper and hypothyroidism can lead to weight gain. In addition, restoration of euthyroidism by L-T4 replacement therapy is more challenging in obese athyreotic patients, as it is difficult to maintain thyrotropin stimulation hormone (TSH) values within the normal range. Intriguingly, pro-inflammatory cytokines decrease in obese patients after bariatric surgery along with TSH levels. Moreover, the risk of thyroid cancer is increased in patients with thyroid autoimmune disorders, and is also related to the degree of obesity and inflammation. Molecular studies have shown a relationship between the low-grade inflammation of obesity and the activity of intracellular multiprotein complexes typical of immune cells (inflammasomes). We will now highlight some clinical implications of inflammasome activation in the relationship between obesity and thyroid disease.
Collapse
|