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Sharma R, Nath PC, Das P, Rustagi S, Sharma M, Sridhar N, Hazarika TK, Rana P, Nayak PK, Sridhar K. Essential oil-nanoemulsion based edible coating: Innovative sustainable preservation method for fresh/fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. Food Chem 2024; 460:140545. [PMID: 39047488 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing plant-based sources for the preservation of fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables offers a natural and chemical-free method. However, the inherent instability of plant bioactive compounds underscores the necessity for encapsulation techniques. Essential oil-based nanoemulsions (EO-NEs) stand out among food additives due to their distinctive antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This review delves into recent advancements in the application of EO-NEs as edible coatings for fresh and fresh-cut produce. It examines the efficacy of EO-NEs in enhancing the preservation of fruits and vegetables by harnessing their bioactive compounds for antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Additionally, the review accentuates the efficacy of EO-NEs in inhibiting biofilm formation on fruits and vegetables. It reveals that coatings derived from plant-source nanoemulsions exhibit exceptional mechanical, optical, and microstructural qualities, as well as superior water barrier properties. In contrast to conventional emulsions, nanocoatings facilitate the gradual and controlled release of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds during food storage. This feature enhances bioactivity, extends shelf life, and enhances the nutritional profile of products. By preserving and protecting shelf stability, EO-NEs contribute to the maintenance of vegetable freshness. Nonetheless, ensuring their commercial viability necessitates additional research into the toxicity of EO-based nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Food Technology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chinniyampalayam, 641062, Coimbatore, India
| | - Pinku Chandra Nath
- Food Science and Technology Division, Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Baridua, 793101, India
| | - Puja Das
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar 783370, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Research Centre for Life Science and Healthcare, Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute (CBI), University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Natarajan Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chinniyampalayam, 641062, Coimbatore, India
| | - Tridip Kumar Hazarika
- Department of Horticulture, Aromatic, and Medicinal Plants, Mizoram University, Mizoram 796004, India
| | - Priya Rana
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Prakash Kumar Nayak
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar 783370, India.
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India.
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Ashraf MV, Khan S, Misri S, Gaira KS, Rawat S, Rawat B, Khan MAH, Shah AA, Asgher M, Ahmad S. High-Altitude Medicinal Plants as Promising Source of Phytochemical Antioxidants to Combat Lifestyle-Associated Oxidative Stress-Induced Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:975. [PMID: 39204080 PMCID: PMC11357401 DOI: 10.3390/ph17080975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, driven by reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur species (ROS, RNS, RSS), poses a significant threat to cellular integrity and human health. Generated during mitochondrial respiration, inflammation, UV exposure and pollution, these species damage cells and contribute to pathologies like cardiovascular issues, neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic syndromes. Lifestyle factors exert a substantial influence on oxidative stress levels, with mitochondria emerging as pivotal players in ROS generation and cellular equilibrium. Phytochemicals, abundant in plants, such as carotenoids, ascorbic acid, tocopherols and polyphenols, offer diverse antioxidant mechanisms. They scavenge free radicals, chelate metal ions, and modulate cellular signalling pathways to mitigate oxidative damage. Furthermore, plants thriving in high-altitude regions are adapted to extreme conditions, and synthesize secondary metabolites, like flavonoids and phenolic compounds in bulk quantities, which act to form a robust antioxidant defence against oxidative stress, including UV radiation and temperature fluctuations. These plants are promising sources for drug development, offering innovative strategies by which to manage oxidative stress-related ailments and enhance human health. Understanding and harnessing the antioxidant potential of phytochemicals from high-altitude plants represent crucial steps in combating oxidative stress-induced disorders and promoting overall wellbeing. This study offers a comprehensive summary of the production and physio-pathological aspects of lifestyle-induced oxidative stress disorders and explores the potential of phytochemicals as promising antioxidants. Additionally, it presents an appraisal of high-altitude medicinal plants as significant sources of antioxidants, highlighting their potential for drug development and the creation of innovative antioxidant therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Vikas Ashraf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Sajid Khan
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Surya Misri
- Section of Microbiology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Kailash S. Gaira
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India; (K.S.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India; (K.S.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Balwant Rawat
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era University, Dehradun 24800, Utarakhand, India;
| | - M. A. Hannan Khan
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (M.A.H.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (M.A.H.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Mohd Asgher
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Shoeb Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
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de Souza HF, dos Santos FR, Cunha JS, Pacheco FC, Pacheco AFC, Soutelino MEM, Martins CCN, Andressa I, Rocha RDS, da Cruz AG, Paiva PHC, Brandi IV, Kamimura ES. Microencapsulation to Harness the Antimicrobial Potential of Essential Oils and Their Applicability in Dairy Products: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Foods 2024; 13:2197. [PMID: 39063282 PMCID: PMC11275287 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This literature review explores cutting-edge microencapsulation techniques designed to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils in dairy products. As consumer demand for natural preservatives rises, understanding the latest advancements in microencapsulation becomes crucial for improving the shelf life and safety of these products. The bibliometric analysis utilized in this review highlighted a large number of documents published on this topic in relation to the following keywords: essential oils, AND antimicrobials, AND dairy products, OR microencapsulation. The documents published in the last 11 years, between 2013 and 2023, showed a diversity of authors and countries researching this topic and the keywords commonly used. However, in the literature consulted, no study was identified that was based on bibliometric analysis and that critically evaluated the microencapsulation of essential oils and their antimicrobial potential in dairy products. This review synthesizes findings from diverse studies, shedding light on the various encapsulation methods employed and their impact on preserving the quality of dairy goods. Additionally, it discusses the potential applications and challenges associated with implementation in the dairy industry. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide valuable insights for researchers, food scientists, and industry professionals seeking to optimize the use of essential oils with antimicrobial properties in dairy formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handray Fernandes de Souza
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (H.F.d.S.); (R.d.S.R.)
| | - Fabio Ribeiro dos Santos
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa, University Campus, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (F.R.d.S.); (J.S.C.); (F.C.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Jeferson Silva Cunha
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa, University Campus, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (F.R.d.S.); (J.S.C.); (F.C.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Flaviana Coelho Pacheco
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa, University Campus, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (F.R.d.S.); (J.S.C.); (F.C.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Ana Flávia Coelho Pacheco
- Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Lieutenant Luiz de Freitas, 116, Juiz de Fora 36045-560, MG, Brazil; (A.F.C.P.); (P.H.C.P.)
| | | | - Caio Cesar Nemer Martins
- Forest Engineering Department, Federal University of Viçosa, University Campus, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Irene Andressa
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa, University Campus, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (F.R.d.S.); (J.S.C.); (F.C.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Ramon da Silva Rocha
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (H.F.d.S.); (R.d.S.R.)
| | - Adriano Gomes da Cruz
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Henrique Costa Paiva
- Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Lieutenant Luiz de Freitas, 116, Juiz de Fora 36045-560, MG, Brazil; (A.F.C.P.); (P.H.C.P.)
| | - Igor Viana Brandi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Universitária, 1000, Montes Claros 39404-547, MG, Brazil;
| | - Eliana Setsuko Kamimura
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (H.F.d.S.); (R.d.S.R.)
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Elsherif WM, Zayed GM, Tolba AO. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan- edible films containing a combination of carvacrol and rosemary nano-emulsion against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes for ground meat. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 418:110713. [PMID: 38718617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
This research aimed to assess the potential of active food packaging as an innovative approach to enhance the quality of fresh food products. Specifically, our focus was on developing chitosan edible films combined with rosemary nanoemulsion (Ch-RNE) and carvacrol nano-emulsion (Ch-CNE) as effective antibacterial food packaging solutions. The efficacy of these films against artificially inoculated L. monocytogenes (NCTC 13372\ ATCC® 7644) as a Gram-positive bacterium, and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) as a Gram-negative bacterium, in ground meat was investigated. The size of the prepared nano-emulsions was characterized using zeta sizer, FTIR and HRTEM. The MIC of both nano-emulsions against both pathogens was found to be 0.78 % and 1.56 %. Filmogenic mixtures were casted using these concentrations, which were then dried and evaluated for their physical and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M Elsherif
- Nanotechnology Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Egypt; Faculty of Health Sciences Technology, New Assiut Technological University (NATU), New Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Gamal M Zayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Al-Azhar University at Assiut, Egypt; Faculty of Health Sciences Technology, New Assiut Technological University (NATU), New Assiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Osama Tolba
- Food Hygiene, Assuit University Hospitals, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
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Spréa RM, Caleja C, Finimundy TC, Calhelha RC, Pires TCSP, Amaral JS, Prieto MA, Ferreira ICFR, Pereira E, Barros L. Chemical and Bioactive Evaluation of Essential Oils from Edible and Aromatic Mediterranean Lamiaceae Plants. Molecules 2024; 29:2827. [PMID: 38930892 PMCID: PMC11206263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Lamiaceae family, which includes several well-known aromatic plants, is scientifically relevant due to its essential oils (EOs). In this work, four EOs from Mediterranean species, namely Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., and Thymus vulgaris L., were evaluated for their volatile profiles and the biological activity in vitro to assess their potential use in the food and cosmetic sector. GC/MS analysis revealed dominant compounds, such as carvacrol, thymol, and eucalyptol. Regarding biological action, the samples exhibited antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities, with O. vulgare and T. officinalis standing out. T. vulgaris showed the lowest EC50 in the reducing power assay, and O. vulgare had the lowest EC50 in the DPPH assay. Most EOs also displayed excellent anti-inflammatory responses and antifungal properties, with O. vulgare and T. vulgaris also demonstrating antibacterial activity. All EOs from Mediterranean species showed cytotoxicity against tumoral cell lines. Overall, the selected EOs stood out for their interesting bioactivities, with the obtained results underscoring their potential as natural preservatives and bioactive agents in various industrial applications, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M. Spréa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.M.S.); (C.C.); (T.C.F.); (R.C.C.); (J.S.A.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Caleja
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.M.S.); (C.C.); (T.C.F.); (R.C.C.); (J.S.A.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Tiane C. Finimundy
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.M.S.); (C.C.); (T.C.F.); (R.C.C.); (J.S.A.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C. Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.M.S.); (C.C.); (T.C.F.); (R.C.C.); (J.S.A.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Tânia C. S. P. Pires
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.M.S.); (C.C.); (T.C.F.); (R.C.C.); (J.S.A.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Joana S. Amaral
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.M.S.); (C.C.); (T.C.F.); (R.C.C.); (J.S.A.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.M.S.); (C.C.); (T.C.F.); (R.C.C.); (J.S.A.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Eliana Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.M.S.); (C.C.); (T.C.F.); (R.C.C.); (J.S.A.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.M.S.); (C.C.); (T.C.F.); (R.C.C.); (J.S.A.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Pilozo G, Villavicencio-Vásquez M, Chóez-Guaranda I, Murillo DV, Pasaguay CD, Reyes CT, Maldonado-Estupiñán M, Ruiz-Barzola O, León-Tamariz F, Manzano P. Chemical, antioxidant, and antifungal analysis of oregano and thyme essential oils from Ecuador: Effect of thyme against Lasiodiplodia theobromae and its application in banana rot. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31443. [PMID: 38831831 PMCID: PMC11145482 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity by spectrophotometric methods, the in vitro and in vivo antifungal effect against Lasiodiplodia theobromae and the constitution of the essential oils (EO) of oregano and thyme in comparison with their commercial counterparts. The results showed by the EOs of extracted thyme (T-EO), commercial thyme (CT-EO), extracted oregano (O-EO) and commercial oregano (CO-EO), demonstrated antioxidant profiles with a radical neutralizing potential (DPPH•) of IC50: 1.11 ± 0.019; 1.08 ± 0.05; 40.56 ± 0.227 and 0.69 ± 0.004 mg/mL, respectively. They also revealed a ferric ion reducing capacity (FRAP) of 93.05 ± 0.52; 97.72 ± 0.42; 21.85 ± 0.57 and 117.24 ± 0.64 mg Eq Trolox/g. A reduction in β-carotene degradation of 65.71 ± 0.04; 51.97 ± 0.66; 43.58 ± 1.56 and 57.46 ± 1.56 %. A total phenol content (Folin-Ciocalteu) of 132.97 ± 0.77; 141.89 ± 2.56; 152.04 ± 0.10 and 25.66 ± 0.40 mg EGA/g. Chemical characterization performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that the respective major components of the samples were thymol (T-EO: 45.78 %), thymol (CT-EO: 43.57 %), alloaromadendrene (O-EO: 25.17 %) and carvacrol (CO-EO: 62.06 %). Regarding antifungal activity, it was evident that at the in vitro level, both commercial EOs had a MIC of 250 ppm while the extracted thyme EO had a MIC of 500 ppm; In vivo studies demonstrated that the application of thyme EO had a behavior similar to the synthetic fungicide, slowing down rot in bananas under storage conditions. Finally, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and heat maps suggest p-cymene, carvacrol, linalool, eucalyptol, 4-terpineol, (z)-β-terpineol, alkanhol, caryophyllene, β-myrcene, d-limonene, α-terpinene, α-terpineol, d-α-pinene, camphene, caryophyllene oxide, δ-cadinene, terpinolene and thymol as relevant biomarkers associated with the assessed bioactive properties demonstrating the potential of extracted essential oils for the development of a botanical biofungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Pilozo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Mirian Villavicencio-Vásquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Ivan Chóez-Guaranda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Damon Vera Murillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Cynthia Duarte Pasaguay
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Christofer Tomalá Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Maria Maldonado-Estupiñán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Omar Ruiz-Barzola
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Fabián León-Tamariz
- University of Cuenca, Universidad de Cuenca, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus Central Av. 12 de Abril, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Manzano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
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Mrabet A, Annaz H, Abdelfattah B, Ouabou M, Kounnoun A, Cacciola F, Simou A, Bouayad N, Rharrabe K, Khaddor M. Antioxidant, insecticidal, antifeedant, and repellent activities of oregano ( Origanum vulgare). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38768067 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2355292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the antioxidant capacity, the insecticidal, feeding deterrence, repellent effects against Tribolium confusum of the essential oil (EO) and the organic extracts (ME) of Origanum vulgare. The chemical composition of the EO revealed the presence thirty-nine components dominated by carvacrol (81%). With respect to the EO, the ME acted as a potent free radical scavenger with IC50 values of 0.127 and 0.058 mg/mL, respectively. The EO exhibited the most significant toxicity compared to the ME with a mortality of 62 and 20% at 0.08 µL/insect after 24h whereas the EO expressed the highest repellency compared to the ME with a PR of 70 and 38% after 24h. As for feeding deterrence, both samples influenced all nutritional indexes. The findings found in this work might help in the promotion of oregano as natural antioxidant, antifeedant, repellent and insecticide as an alternative to conventional harmful ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amena Mrabet
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment (LAMSE), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Houssam Annaz
- Research team Agricultural and Aquaculture Engineering. FPL, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- Research team Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering. FSTT, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- Research Laboratory Biology, Environment and Sustainable Development. ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Bahia Abdelfattah
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment (LAMSE), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Mbarek Ouabou
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Valorisation of Microorganisms, Genomics, and Bioinformatics, FSTT, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Kounnoun
- Regional Laboratory for Analysis and Research, National Office for Food Safety, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ayoub Simou
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment (LAMSE), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Noureddin Bouayad
- Research team Agricultural and Aquaculture Engineering. FPL, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Kacem Rharrabe
- Research team Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering. FSTT, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- Research Laboratory Biology, Environment and Sustainable Development. ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Khaddor
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment (LAMSE), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Tangier, Morocco
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8
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Parra C, Muñoz-Torres P, Escobar H, Simirgiotis MJ, Contreras-Contreras G, Ruiz-Fernández Á, Maulen C, Martínez-Cifuentes M, Mariotti-Celis MS. Effect of In Vitro Micropropagation on the Chemical, Antioxidant, and Biological Characteristics of Senecio nutans Sch. Bip., an Endemic Plant of the Atacama Desert Andean Region. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:755. [PMID: 38592747 PMCID: PMC10976176 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The species Senecio nutans Sch. Bip., commonly called "chachacoma", is widely used as a medicinal plant by the Andean communities of Northern Chile. Ethanolic extracts of S. nutans and the main compound, 4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) acetophenone, have shown interesting biological activity. However, due to the high-altitude areas where this species is found, access to S. nutans is very limited. Due to the latter, in this work, we carried out micropropagation in vitro and ex vitro adaptation techniques as an alternative for the massive multiplication, conservation, and in vitro production of high-value metabolites from this plant. The micropropagation and ex vitro adaptation techniques were successfully employed, and UHPLC-DAD analysis revealed no significant changes in the phenolic profile, with acetophenone 4 being the most abundant metabolite, whose antioxidant and antibacterial activity was studied. Independently of the applied culture condition, the ethanolic extracts of S. nutans presented high activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, demonstrating their antimicrobial capacity. This successful initiation of in vitro and ex vitro cultures provides a biotechnological approach for the conservation of S. nutans and ensures a reliable and consistent source of acetophenone 4 as a potential raw material for pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Parra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070371, Chile;
| | - Patricio Muñoz-Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (P.M.-T.); (H.E.)
| | - Hugo Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (P.M.-T.); (H.E.)
| | - Mario J. Simirgiotis
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Farmacia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | | | | | - Cristian Maulen
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070371, Chile;
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9
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Chen K, Zhang M, Wang D, Mujumdar AS, Deng D. Development of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) protein isolate-gum Arabic conjugates via ultrasound-assisted wet heating for spice essential oils emulsification: Effects on water solubility, bioactivity, and sensory stimulation. Food Chem 2024; 431:137001. [PMID: 37562335 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa protein isolate-gum Arabic (QPI-GA) conjugates were developed by ultrasound-assisted wet heating to improve the water solubility and bioactivity of spice essential oils (EOs) in this study. The optimal conditions for QPI-GA conjugates preparation were found to be: heating temperature of 72 ℃, ultrasound power of 450 W, and reaction time of 46 min. QPI-GA conjugates displayed significantly higher emulsifying efficiency and stronger tolerance to pH variation, high salt concentration, and storage than raw materials. The emulsifying efficiency of emulsions was also influenced by the pH and viscosity of EOs, zeta potential of the emulsion as well as the relative density and lipid/water partition coefficient (P) of EOs were the possible factors impacting the stability of EO emulsions. The water solubility, antioxidant ability, and antibacterial ability of tested EOs were improved after emulsification. Meanwhile, encapsulation with QPI-GA conjugates played a good effect on reducing the sensory stimulation of EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dayuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arun S Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald College, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dewei Deng
- Zhengzhou Xuemailong Food Flavor Co., Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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10
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Sidhic J, George S, Alfarhan A, Rajagopal R, Olatunji OJ, Narayanankutty A. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Humboldtia sanjappae Sasidh. & Sujanapal, an Endemic Medicinal Plant to the Western Ghats. Molecules 2023; 28:6875. [PMID: 37836717 PMCID: PMC10574196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnomedicinal plants are important sources of drug candidates, and many of these plants, especially in the Western Ghats, are underexplored. Humboldtia, a genus within the Fabaceae family, thrives in the biodiversity of the Western Ghats, Kerala, India, and holds significant ethnobotanical importance. However, many Humboldtia species remain understudied in terms of their biological efficacy, while some lack scientific validation for their traditional uses. However, Humboldtia sanjappae, an underexplored plant, was investigated for the phytochemical composition of the plant, and its antioxidant, enzyme-inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities were assessed. The LC-MS analysis indicated the presence of several bioactive substances, such as Naringenin, Luteolin, and Pomiferin. The results revealed that the ethanol extract of H. sanjappae exhibited significant in vitro DPPH scavenging activity (6.53 ± 1.49 µg/mL). Additionally, it demonstrated noteworthy FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) activity (8.46 ± 1.38 µg/mL). Moreover, the ethanol extract of H. sanjappae exhibited notable efficacy in inhibiting the activities of α-amylase (47.60 ± 0.19µg/mL) and β-glucosidase (32.09 ± 0.54 µg/mL). The pre-treatment with the extract decreased the LPS-stimulated release of cytokines in the Raw 264.7 macrophages, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory potential. Further, the antibacterial properties were also evident in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The observed high zone of inhibition in the disc diffusion assay and MIC values were also promising. H. sanjappae displays significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial properties, likely attributable to its rich composition of various biological compounds such as Naringenin, Luteolin, Epicatechin, Maritemin, and Pomiferin. Serving as a promising reservoir of these beneficial molecules, the potential of H. sanjappae as a valuable source for bioactive ingredients within the realms of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries is underscored, showcasing its potential for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameema Sidhic
- Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Division, PG & Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, India
| | - Satheesh George
- Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Division, PG & Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, India
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.R.)
| | | | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, India
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11
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Martínez-Cifuentes M, Soto-Tapia E, Linares-Pipón C, Bradshaw B, Valenzuela-Hormazabal P, Ramírez D, Muñoz-Torres P, Parra C. Design of β-Keto Esters with Antibacterial Activity: Synthesis, In Vitro Evaluation, and Theoretical Assessment of Their Reactivity and Quorum-Sensing Inhibition Capacity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1339. [PMID: 37895810 PMCID: PMC10610512 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work proposes the design of β-keto esters as antibacterial compounds. The design was based on the structure of the autoinducer of bacterial quorum sensing, N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL). Eight β-keto ester analogues were synthesised with good yields and were spectroscopically characterised, showing that the compounds were only present in their β-keto ester tautomer form. We carried out a computational analysis of the reactivity and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties of the compounds as well as molecular docking and molecular dynamics calculations with the LasR and LuxS quorum-sensing (QS) proteins, which are involved in bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The results show that all the compounds exhibit reliable ADME properties and that only compound 7 can present electrophile toxicity. The theoretical reactivity study shows that compounds 6 and 8 present a differential local reactivity regarding the rest of the series. Compound 8 presents the most promising potential in terms of its ability to interact with the LasR and LuxS QS proteins efficiently according to its molecular docking and molecular dynamics calculations. An initial in vitro antimicrobial screening was performed against the human pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus as well as the phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Compounds 6 and 8 exhibit the most promising results in the in vitro antimicrobial screening against the panel of bacteria studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Martínez-Cifuentes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile; (E.S.-T.); (C.L.-P.)
| | - Emmanuel Soto-Tapia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile; (E.S.-T.); (C.L.-P.)
| | - Camila Linares-Pipón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile; (E.S.-T.); (C.L.-P.)
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- Laboratori de Química Orgánica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Paulina Valenzuela-Hormazabal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (P.V.-H.); (D.R.)
| | - David Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (P.V.-H.); (D.R.)
| | - Patricio Muñoz-Torres
- Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal y Bioproductos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Claudio Parra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile; (E.S.-T.); (C.L.-P.)
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12
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Sun M, Liu N, Miao J, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Zhang J, Li H, Bai H, Shi L. Creation of New Oregano Genotypes with Different Terpene Chemotypes via Inter- and Intraspecific Hybridization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087320. [PMID: 37108486 PMCID: PMC10138667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oregano is a medicinal and aromatic plant of value in the pharmaceutical, food, feed additive, and cosmetic industries. Oregano breeding is still in its infancy compared with traditional crops. In this study, we evaluated the phenotypes of 12 oregano genotypes and generated F1 progenies by hybridization. The density of leaf glandular secretory trichomes and the essential oil yield in the 12 oregano genotypes varied from 97-1017 per cm2 and 0.17-1.67%, respectively. These genotypes were divided into four terpene chemotypes: carvacrol-, thymol-, germacrene D/β-caryophyllene-, and linalool/β-ocimene-type. Based on phenotypic data and considering terpene chemotypes as the main breeding goal, six oregano hybrid combinations were performed. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed based on unpublished whole-genome sequencing data of Origanum vulgare, and 64 codominant SSR primers were screened on the parents of the six oregano combinations. These codominant primers were used to determine the authenticity of 40 F1 lines, and 37 true hybrids were identified. These 37 F1 lines were divided into six terpene chemotypes: sabinene-, β-ocimene-, γ-terpinene-, thymol-, carvacrol-, and p-cymene-type, four of which (sabinene-, β-ocimene-, γ-terpinene-, and p-cymene-type) were novel (i.e., different from the chemotypes of parents). The terpene contents of 18 of the 37 F1 lines were higher than those of their parents. The above results lay a strong foundation for the creating of new germplasm resources, constructing of genetic linkage map, and mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of key horticultural traits, and provide insights into the mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in oregano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiahui Miao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanpeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
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13
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Ersanli C, Tzora A, Skoufos I, Fotou K, Maloupa E, Grigoriadou K, Voidarou C(C, Zeugolis DI. The Assessment of Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Essential Oils against Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020384. [PMID: 36830295 PMCID: PMC9952819 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in antimicrobial resistance and tolerance over the years has become a serious public health problem, leading to the inevitable development of alternative antimicrobial agents as substitutes for industrial pharmaceutical antibiotics targeting humans and animals under the concept of one health. Essential oils (EOs) extracted from aromatic and pharmaceutical plants incorporate several bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) that positively affect human and animal health. Herein, this work aimed to examine a standardized chemical composition and screen the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of Thymus sibthorpii, Origanum vulgare, Salvia fruticosa, and Crithmum maritimum EOs against three different Staphylococcus aureus strains by gold-standard disc diffusion, broth microdilution, and microtiter plate biofilm assays. Therefore, the evaluation of the above-mentioned EOs were considered as substitutes for antibiotics to combat the ever-mounting antimicrobial resistance problem. The observed bacterial growth inhibition varied significantly depending on the type and concentration of the antimicrobials. Thymus sibthorpii was determined as the strongest antimicrobial, with 0.091 mg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a 14-33 mm diameter inhibition zone at 5% (v/v) concentration. All tested EOs indicated almost 95% inhibition of biofilm formation at their half MIC, while gentamicin sulfate did not show sufficient anti-biofilm activity. None of the methicillin-resistant strains showed resistance to the EOs compared to methicillin-sensitive strains. Thymus sibthorpii and Origanum vulgare could be potential alternatives as antimicrobial agents to overcome the problem of microbial resistance. The tested EOs might be incorporated into antimicrobial products as safe and potent antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Ersanli
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene, and Quality, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Athina Tzora
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene, and Quality, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Konstantina Fotou
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene, and Quality, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Eleni Maloupa
- Laboratory of Conservation and Evaluation of Native and Floricultural Species, Institute of Plant Breeding; and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Grigoriadou
- Laboratory of Conservation and Evaluation of Native and Floricultural Species, Institute of Plant Breeding; and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysoula (Chrysa) Voidarou
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene, and Quality, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Optimizing the Distillation of Greek Oregano-Do Process Parameters Affect Bioactive Aroma Constituents and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity? Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030971. [PMID: 36770638 PMCID: PMC9921775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to optimize the conditions of the distillation process at a pilot scale to maximize the yield of specific bioactive compounds of the essential oil of oregano cultivated in Greece, and subsequently to study the in vitro antioxidant activity of these oils. Steam distillation was conducted at an industrial distillery and a Face-Centered Composite (FCC) experimental design was applied by utilizing three distillation factors: time, steam pressure and temperature. Essential oil composition was determined by static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS). To obtain a comprehensive profile of the essential oils, instrumental parameters were optimized, including sample preparation, incubation conditions, sampling process, injection parameters, column thermal gradient and MS conditions. With the applied GC-MS method, more than 20 volatile compounds were identified in the headspace of the oregano essential oils and their relative percentages were recorded. Carvacrol was the most prominent constituent under all distillation conditions applied. Data processing revealed time as the main factor which most affected the yield. The Desired Space (DSc) was determined by conducting a three-dimensional response surface analysis of the independent and dependent variables, choosing yields of thymol and carvacrol as optimization criteria. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oils of all samples was measured in terms of the interaction with the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) after 20 and 60 min. The most prominent essential oils at different distillation conditions were also tested as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. Higher % values of carvacrol and thymol were correlated to higher antioxidant activity. Evaluating the impact of the distillation conditions on the in vitro results, it seems that lower pressure, less time and higher temperature are crucial for enhanced antioxidant activities.
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15
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Nurzyńska-Wierdak R, Pietrasik D, Walasek-Janusz M. Essential Oils in the Treatment of Various Types of Acne-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:90. [PMID: 36616219 PMCID: PMC9824697 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Acne is a chronic, common disease that poses a significant therapeutic, psychological and social problem. The etiopathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood. Drugs used in general and external therapy should have anti-seborrhoeic, anticomadogenic, bactericidal, bacteriostatic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Acne treatment is often associated with the long-term use of antibiotics, contributing to the global antibiotic resistance crisis. In order to solve this problem, attention has been paid to essential oils and their terpene components with potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Research shows that certain essential oils effectively reduce inflammatory acne lesions through mechanisms related to the sebaceous glands, colonization of Cutibacterium acnes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). An example is tea tree oil (TTO), a more commonly used topical agent for treating acne. TTO has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. The paper presents the latest scientific information on the activity and potential use of specific essential oils in treating acne. Evidence of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity of several essential oils and their main components was presented, indicating the possibility of using them in the treatment of acne.
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16
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"In vivo" and "in vitro" antimicrobial activity of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two phenolic compounds on clinical isolates of Candida spp. Arch Microbiol 2022; 205:15. [PMID: 36477374 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A limited therapeutic arsenal is currently available against Candida infections that show high resistance to antifungal agents. For this reason, there is a great need to prioritize testing therapeutic agents for the treatment of candidiasis. The use of essential oils and their phytoconstituents has been emphasized as a new therapeutic approach. The cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), polysaccharide content, antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Origanum vulgare L. (OVEO), and its two phenolic compounds carvacrol and thymol were evaluated in four different Candida spp. (Candida albicans and emerging non-albicans Candida (NAC) species, such as C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei). The results showed the differences between Candida species; for example, C. tropicalis revealed higher resistance than other strains to different natural molecule treatments. The ultrastructural variabilities in the biomembranes and cell walls of these Candida spp. might explain the different biological effects observed after OVEO, carvacrol and thymol treatments. Therefore, to study the biological effects of these natural compounds on Candida strains, the samples were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the release of cellular materials and their "in vivo" antimicrobial activity on infected G. mellonella larvae were evaluated. The novelty of this study is the demonstration that exists a close correlation between both structural architecture of cell walls and biomembranes' organization with cell fungal responses to essential oils treatments. Overall, these results suggest practical limits to the predictability.
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Quality Control, Phytochemical Profile, and Antibacterial Effect of Origanum compactum Benth. Essential Oil from Morocco. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb13040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Origanum compactum Benth (O. compactum) is widely used traditionally in Morocco to treat a broad range of illnesses, including infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition, quality control, and antibacterial activity of O. compactum leaf and flower essential oil. First, a quality control study on soil and irrigation water was performed to determine whether there was any risk of heavy metals endangering human health or causing stress to the plants studied. Laboratory examination of the environmental quality of the researched species revealed an almost absolute absence of metals that could endanger human health or any abiotic stressor. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. Chemical characterization was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation of O. compactum leaves and flowers and moisture content were 4.27% and 12.20%, respectively. GC/MS identified 35 volatile compounds in the studied EO majorly composed of thymol (38.59%) followed by carvacrol (26.65%), o-cymene (14.33), and γ-terpinene (11.22%). The antibacterial activity of O. compactum leaf and flower essential oil was evaluated using the solid-state diffusion method against five Gram-negative bacterial strains and a Gram-positive strain. The results show that the essential oil of O. compactum leaves and flowers has a considerable inhibitory effect against E. coli with an MIC = 0.35 µg/mL, E. pseudocoloides (MIC = 0.35 µg/mL), E. vekanda (MIC = 0.35 µg/mL), K. pneumoniae (MIC = 0.7 µg/mL), P. aeruginosa (MIC = 0.35 µg/mL), and S. aureus (MIC = 0.35 µg/mL).
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Fraternale D, Dufat H, Albertini MC, Bouzidi C, D’Adderio R, Coppari S, Di Giacomo B, Melandri D, Ramakrishna S, Colomba M. Chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Monarda didyma L. essential oil. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14433. [PMID: 36438580 PMCID: PMC9686412 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Monarda didyma L. essential oil (isolated from the flowering aerial parts of the plant) was examined to characterize its chemotype and to evaluate, in addition to the quali-quantitative chemical analysis, the associated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The plants were grown in central Italy, Urbino (PU), Marche region. Different analyses (TLC, GC-FID, GC-MS and 1H-NMR) allowed the identification of twenty compounds among which carvacrol, p-cymene and thymol were the most abundant. On this basis, the chemotype examined in the present study was indicated as Monarda didyma ct. carvacrol. The antioxidant effect was assessed by DPPH assay. Moreover, this chemotype was investigated for the anti-inflammatory effect in an in vitro setting (i.e., LPS-stimulated U937 cells). The decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the increased expression of miR-146a are suggestive of the involvement of the Toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathway. Although further studies are needed to better investigate the action mechanism/s underlying the results observed in the experimental setting, our findings show that M. didyma essential oil is rich in bioactive compounds (mainly aromatic monoterpenes and phenolic monoterpenes) which are most likely responsible for its beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Hanh Dufat
- Produits Naturels, Analyse et Synthèse, CITCOM-UMR CNRS 8038—Faculté de Santé, Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Chouaha Bouzidi
- Produits Naturels, Analyse et Synthèse, CITCOM-UMR CNRS 8038—Faculté de Santé, Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rossella D’Adderio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Sofia Coppari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Giacomo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Davide Melandri
- U. Burns Center, Dermatology and Emilia Romagna Regional Skin Bank, M. Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mariastella Colomba
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, PU, Italy
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In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and in Silico Analysis of the Bioactivity of Major Compounds Obtained from the Essential Oil of Virola surinamensis Warb (Myristicaceae). J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5275805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are well known for their antimicrobial activity and they are used as an effective food preservative. Virola is one of the five genera of Myristicaceae and this genus is native to the American continent, especially in neotropical regions. The largest number of species of this genus is found in the Amazon region and the most important species include Virola surinamensis Warb. and Virola sebifera Aubl. In the present study, we describe the chemical composition of the essential oil of the V. surinamensis obtained at two different periods of the day in two seasons (rainy and dry), as well as their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, we investigated, using in silico tools, the antimicrobial activity of the major chemical compounds present in the essential oil of V. surinamensis. The samples collected at different seasons and times showed a similar chemical profile, characterized by the major constituents α-pinene (>33%) and β-pinene (>13%). The essential oil of V. surinamensis showed an interesting antibacterial activity, exhibiting low inhibitory concentrations against the tested bacterial species. The computational investigation indicated that limonene, myrcene, and β-pinene could be related to the antibacterial activity against the tested pathogenic bacterial strains. Our results shed light on the possible constituents of essential oil that could be related to its activity against bacterial species and might be useful for further experimental tests that aim to discover new potential antibacterial agents for food preservation.
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Basavegowda N, Baek KH. Combination Strategies of Different Antimicrobials: An Efficient and Alternative Tool for Pathogen Inactivation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2219. [PMID: 36140320 PMCID: PMC9496525 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the discovery and development of an array of antimicrobial agents, multidrug resistance poses a major threat to public health and progressively increases mortality. Recently, several studies have focused on developing promising solutions to overcome these problems. This has led to the development of effective alternative methods of controlling antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The use of antimicrobial agents in combination can produce synergistic effects if each drug invades a different target or signaling pathway with a different mechanism of action. Therefore, drug combinations can achieve a higher probability and selectivity of therapeutic responses than single drugs. In this systematic review, we discuss the combined effects of different antimicrobial agents, such as plant extracts, essential oils, and nanomaterials. Furthermore, we review their synergistic interactions and antimicrobial activities with the mechanism of action, toxicity, and future directions of different antimicrobial agents in combination. Upon combination at an optimum synergistic ratio, two or more drugs can have a significantly enhanced therapeutic effect at lower concentrations. Hence, using drug combinations could be a new, simple, and effective alternative to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance and reduce susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Korea
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21
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Rafeeq M, Bilal RM, Alagawany M, Batool F, Yameen K, Farag MR, Ali S, Elnesr SS, El-Shall NA. The use of some herbal plants as effective alternatives to antibiotic growth enhancers in poultry nutrition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rafeeq
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Bilal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fiza Batool
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Forestry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Yameen
- Department of Poultry, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sher Ali
- Faculty of Animal Production & Technology, University of veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Nahed A. El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfna, Egypt
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22
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Yasir M, Nawaz A, Ghazanfar S, Okla MK, Chaudhary A, Al WH, Ajmal MN, AbdElgawad H, Ahmad Z, Abbas F, Wadood A, Manzoor Z, Akhtar N, Din M, Hameed Y, Imran M. Anti-bacterial activity of essential oils against multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens isolated from raw milk. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e259449. [PMID: 35544793 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of pathogenic bacteria in food is considered as a primary cause of food-borne illness and food quality deterioration worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of five essential oils (EOs) against multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens. In the current study Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella) and the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus were isolated from raw milk and biochemically characterized. The anti-bacterial effect of different antibiotics and EOs (thyme, oregano, lemongrass, mint, and rosemary) was determined using the standard disc diffusion method. The antibiogram study revealed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin while Staphylococcus was resistant to streptomycin, amoxicillin, and lincomycin. Moderate resistance was observed to doxycycline, amikacin, enrofloxacin, kanamycin and cefixime. Isolates were found less resistant to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. EOs showed a broad range of antimicrobial activity against all bacteria except P. aeruginosa. Of these, thyme was more effective against most of the multi-drug resistant bacterial strains and formed the largest zone of inhibition (26 mm) against Escherichia followed by oregano oil (18 mm) against Staphylococcus (p<0.05). Klebsiella spp and Citrobacter spp showed resistance to mint and lemongrass oil respectively. The EOs such as lemongrass, mint and rosemary were less active against all the bacteria. The findings of the recent study suggest the use of EOs as natural antibacterial agents for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yasir
- University of Baluchistan, Department of Microbiology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - A Nawaz
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Ghazanfar
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M K Okla
- King Saud University, College of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Chaudhary
- University of Central Punjab, Department of Biochemistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wahidah H Al
- King Saud University, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, Department of Food Sciences & Nutrition, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M N Ajmal
- University of Jhang, Department of Microbiology, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - H AbdElgawad
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Z Ahmad
- University of Balochistan, Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - F Abbas
- University of Balochistan, Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - A Wadood
- University of Baluchistan, Department of Microbiology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Z Manzoor
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - N Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Science, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Din
- Bolan Medical College, Department of Pathology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Y Hameed
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M Imran
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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23
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Essential oils and its antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidant activity applications: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gaba ABM, Hassan MA, Abd EL-Tawab AA, Abdelmonem MA, Morsy MK. Protective Impact of Chitosan Film Loaded Oregano and Thyme Essential Oil on the Microbial Profile and Quality Attributes of Beef Meat. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:583. [PMID: 35625227 PMCID: PMC9137996 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible films and essential oil (EO) systems have the potency to enhance the microbial quality and shelf life of food. This investigation aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan films including essential oils against spoilage bacteria and foodborne pathogens associated with meat. Antimicrobial activity (in vitro and in vivo) of chitosan films (CH) incorporated with oregano oil (OO) and thyme oil (TO) at 0.5 and 1% was done against spoilage bacteria and foodborne pathogens, compared to the control sample and CH alone. Preliminary experiments (in vitro) showed that the 1% OO and TO were more active against Staphylococcus aureus compared to Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. In in vivo studies, CH containing OO and TO effectively inhibited the three foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria linked with packed beef meat which was kept at 4 °C/30 days compared to the control. The total phenolic content of the EOs was 201.52 mg GAE L-1 in thyme and 187.64 mg GAE L-1 in oregano. The antioxidant activity of thyme oil was higher than oregano oil. The results demonstrated that the shelf life of meat including CH with EOs was prolonged ~10 days compared to CH alone. Additionally, CH-OO and CH-TO have improved the sensory acceptability until 25 days, compared to the control. Results revealed that edible films made of chitosan and containing EOs improved the quality parameters and safety attributes of refrigerated or fresh meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit M. Gaba
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qaluobia 13736, Egypt; (A.B.M.G.); (M.A.H.)
- Department of Quality Systems and Sustainability, Kalustyan Corporation, 855 Rahway Ave, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Mohamed A. Hassan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qaluobia 13736, Egypt; (A.B.M.G.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Ashraf A. Abd EL-Tawab
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qaluobia 13736, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelmonem
- Agriculture Research Center, Central Lab of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals on Food, Food Microbiology Unit, Cairo 12311, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed K. Morsy
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qaluobia 13736, Egypt
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25
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Chang Y, Harmon PF, Treadwell DD, Carrillo D, Sarkhosh A, Brecht JK. Biocontrol Potential of Essential Oils in Organic Horticulture Systems: From Farm to Fork. Front Nutr 2022; 8:805138. [PMID: 35096947 PMCID: PMC8792766 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.805138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to food safety and organic horticulture. Thus, people are looking for natural products to manage plant diseases, pests, and weeds. Essential oils (EOs) or EO-based products are potentially promising candidates for biocontrol agents due to their safe, bioactive, biodegradable, ecologically, and economically viable properties. Born of necessity or commercial interest to satisfy market demand for natural products, this emerging technology is highly anticipated, but its application has been limited without the benefit of a thorough analysis of the scientific evidence on efficacy, scope, and mechanism of action. This review covers the uses of EOs as broad-spectrum biocontrol agents in both preharvest and postharvest systems. The known functions of EOs in suppressing fungi, bacteria, viruses, pests, and weeds are briefly summarized. Related results and possible modes of action from recent research are listed. The weaknesses of applying EOs are also discussed, such as high volatility and low stability, low water solubility, strong influence on organoleptic properties, and phytotoxic effects. Therefore, EO formulations and methods of incorporation to enhance the strengths and compensate for the shortages are outlined. This review also concludes with research directions needed to better understand and fully evaluate EOs and provides an outlook on the prospects for future applications of EOs in organic horticulture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Chang
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Philip F. Harmon
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Danielle D. Treadwell
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Ali Sarkhosh
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey K. Brecht
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Al-Hijazeen M. Lipid oxidation, total volatiles, and sensory evaluation of cooked chicken meat treated with <i>Origanum syriacum L.</i> essential oil. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-21-00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chemical Characterization, Nutritional and Bioactive Properties of Physalis peruviana Fruit from High Areas of the Atacama Desert. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112699. [PMID: 34828980 PMCID: PMC8621178 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Physalis peruviana L. belongs to the Solanaceae family and produces a spherical fruit used to treat various diseases. However, the chemical composition, nutritional characterization, and bioactive properties of the P. peruviana growing in the Andean region of the Atacama Desert have not been conducted so far. The results showed clear differences in the nutritional and bioactive characteristics of the fruits grown in arid environmental conditions, which were comparable to those from countries with a production tradition. The fruits studied showed a higher Ca, Cu, Mn, P, and Zn content and bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and tannins than those reported in the literature. UHPLC was performed to determine the main phenols. Gallic acid was identified as the predominant phenolic compound in this species (303.63 mg/100 g FW), of which to our knowledge no previous study has reported similar concentrations in this species. Moreover, Cape gooseberry extract has antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Pseudomonas syringae (MIC 0.313 mg/mL and MBC 1.25 mg/mL) was the most susceptible bacterium. Meanwhile, Erwinia rhapontici was the most resistant bacterium (MIC and MIB 5.00 mg/mL). Furthermore, it was found to inhibit α-amylase activity with an IC50 value (39.28 µg/mL) similar to that of acarbose (35.74 µg/mL). These results expand the knowledge of the species cultivated in arid environmental conditions and suggest an alternative for the potential use of this fruit to manage chronic diseases such as diabetes.
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Badekova KZ, Atazhanova GA, Kacergius T, Akhmetova SB, Smagulov MK. Formulation of an Origanum vulgare based dental gel with antimicrobial activity. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 16:712-718. [PMID: 34690652 PMCID: PMC8498788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to formulate a new Origanum vulgare anti-caries dental gel with high antimicrobial activity. METHODS O. vulgare essential oil was extracted using hydro-distillation, ethanol extraction, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. Antimicrobial activity of the produced gels with oregano oil and extract was determined through the disco-diffusion method. The effectiveness of O. vulgare essential oil was tested in vitro for Streptococcus mutans biofilm using colorimetric analysis. RESULTS O. vulgare essential oil inhibited the growth of S. mutans biofilm by 98% compared with unexposed control bacteria (p <0.05). Five samples of anti-caries gel (ACDG1, ACDG2, ACDG3, ACDG4, ACDG5) were formulated using the obtained oregano essential oil and extract. Based on the microbiological study results, the ACDG1 and ACDG3 gel samples exhibited high antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and the yeast fungus Candida albicans and moderate antimicrobial activity against the gram-negative strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, the ACDG3 sample may be considered an anti-caries gel owing to its high antimicrobial activity. This sample has good organoleptic properties compared to other samples, produces relatively high antimicrobial activity, and guards against cariogenic biofilms of S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karakoz Zh. Badekova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Kazakhstan
| | - Gayane A. Atazhanova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Kazakhstan
| | - Tomas Kacergius
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Lithuania
| | | | - Marlen K. Smagulov
- Department of Biology, Academician E.A. Buketov Karaganda University, Kazakhstan
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The Endophytic Pseudomonas sp. S57 for Plant-Growth Promotion and the Biocontrol of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Nematodes. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081531. [PMID: 34451576 PMCID: PMC8399624 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oregano from Socoroma (Atacama Desert) is characterized by its unique organoleptic properties and distinctive flavor and it is produced using ancestral pesticide-free agricultural practices performed by the Aymara communities. The cultivation in this zone is carried out under extreme conditions where the standard production of different crops is limited by several environmental factors, including aridity, high concentration of salts, and boron among others. However, oregano plants are associated with microorganisms that mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses present in this site. In this work, the S57 strain (member of the Pseudomonas genus that is closely related to Pseudomonas lini) was isolated from roots of oregano plants, which are grown in soils with high content of non-sodium salts and aluminum. This bacterium stimulates the growth of Micro-Tom tomato plants irrigated with saline-boric water. Moreover, it controls the growth of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea and the nematode Meloidogyne incognita under saline-boric conditions. Together with the high levels of bacterial biomass (~47 g/L), these results allow the establishment of the bases for developing a potential new agricultural bioproduct useful for arid and semiarid environments where commercial biological products show erratic behavior.
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30
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Darwish AA, Fawzy M, Osman WAL, El Ebissy EA. Clinicopathological and bacteriological studies on lamb bacterial enteritis and monitoring the oregano oil and vitamins A,D 3,E effect on its treatment. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8:291-299. [PMID: 34395600 PMCID: PMC8280979 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of A,D3,E (I/M) and oregano oil extract 15% on some clinicopathological parameters during lamb bacterial enteritis treatment. Materials and Methods: Sixty Barki lambs, 20 apparently healthy (control group) and, 40 suffered from bacterial enteritis [enteric group (EG)], were subdivided into four treated groups (TGs): antibiotic group (AG), antibiotic + A,D3,E group (A + A,D3,E), antibiotic + oregano oil (AOG), and oregano group (OG). Fecal swabs were collected from EG then aseptically cultured, isolated, phenotypically identified, genotypically confirmed, and sequenced by PCR 16srRNA. Paper disk diffusion test was used for estimation of oregano oil extract 15% antibacterial activity. After blood sample aspiration from all animals, they were clinicopathologically and statistically analyzed. Results: Escherichia coli, followed by Salmonella species and then Klebsiella species, was the main causative agents of lamb diarrhea and were susceptible to oregano oil extract 15%. A + A,D3,E and AOG showed significant (p < 0.05) enhancement of some clinicopathological parameters more than AG or OG. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), yielded area under the curve, sensitivity, negative predictive value as 1, 100% and 100% respectively, were determined in both EG and TGs. Conclusion: Oregano oil extract 15% has good antibacterial properties against enteric bacteria in vitro and in vivo. The combination between antibiotic and antioxidant vitamins or oregano plant extract of 15% has a good impact on some clinicopathological alterations in lamb bacterial enteritis treatment. TAC, MMP-9, and MMP-2 may be good markers for the disease and its treatment follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Abdallah Darwish
- Department of animal and poultry health, animal and poultry division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Fawzy
- Department of animal and poultry health, animal and poultry division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Abd-Latif Osman
- Department of animal and poultry health, animal and poultry division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A El Ebissy
- Department of animal and poultry health, animal and poultry division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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UHPLC-DAD Characterization of Origanum vulgare L. from Atacama Desert Andean Region and Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Enzyme Inhibition Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072100. [PMID: 33917599 PMCID: PMC8038783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lamiaceae family is an important source of species among medicinal plants highly valued for their biological properties and numerous uses in folk medicine. Origanum is one of the main genera that belong to this family. The purpose of the study was to determine the phenolic composition of the Origanum vulgare extract and evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and inhibitory activities of this species that grows in the Andean region of the Atacama Desert. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to determine the main phenols. Rosmarinic acid was identified as the predominant phenolic compound in this species (76.01 mg/100 g DW), followed by protocatechuic acid, which to our knowledge, no previous study reported similar concentrations in O. vulgare. The oregano extract exhibited a content of total phenolic (3948 mg GAE/100 g DW) and total flavonoid (593 mg QE/100 g DW) with a higher DPPH antioxidant activity (IC50 = 40.58 µg/mL), compared to the same species grown under other conditions. Furthermore, it was found to inhibit α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value (7.11 mg/mL) lower than acarbose (129.32 mg/mL). Pseudomonas syringae and Pantoea agglomerans (both MIC 0.313 mg/mL and MBC 1.25 mg/mL) were the bacteria most susceptible to oregano extract with the lowest concentration necessary to inhibit bacterial growth. These results open the door for the potential use of this plant to manage chronic diseases, and they expand the knowledge of the species cultivated in arid environmental conditions.
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Gîrd CE, Costea T, Mitran V. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity and anticancer potential of indigenous Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) dry extracts on MG-63 bone osteosarcoma human cell line. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2021; 62:525-535. [PMID: 35024741 PMCID: PMC8848263 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.62.2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the cytotoxic activity of indigenous Rosemary and Oregano freeze-dried extracts upon MG-63 osteosarcoma human cell line. We have determined the influence of analyzed dry extracts on cell morphology, cell survival and cell proliferation. The evaluation of dry extracts effect upon cell proliferation and viability was assessed by means of 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. For cytotoxicity evaluation, Live & Dead and lactate dehydrogenase assays have been used. To further investigate the potential anticancer effect, we have studied the influence of dry extracts upon cells, by means of caspase-3/7 assay and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. Cells were incubated with extracts in the following concentration range (100–700 μg/mL) for 24 hours. According to our results, both dry extracts have shown cytotoxic effects by means of all used methods. Bone osteosarcoma cells viability significantly decreased with increasing concentration of analyzed extracts (beyond 300 μg/mL for Rosemary dry extract and only at 700 μg/mL for Oregano dry extract). According to our results, apoptosis is one of the main mechanisms involved in the cytotoxic properties of analyzed extracts. Moreover, Rosemary extract has also shown decreased expression of PCNA, when compared to control (untreated cells). Both extracts were standardized in phenolic compounds (being a rich source of flavones and phenolcarboxylic acids), so we assume that these are the main constituents involved in the cytotoxic effect. Still, further preclinical studies are needed to confirm the antitumor properties and to go deeply in the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerasela Elena Gîrd
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania;
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Nehme R, Andrés S, Pereira RB, Ben Jemaa M, Bouhallab S, Ceciliani F, López S, Rahali FZ, Ksouri R, Pereira DM, Abdennebi-Najar L. Essential Oils in Livestock: From Health to Food Quality. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:330. [PMID: 33672283 PMCID: PMC7926721 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using plant essential oils (EOs) contributes to the growing number of natural plants' applications in livestock. Scientific data supporting the efficacy of EOs as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant molecules accumulates over time; however, the cumulative evidence is not always sufficient. EOs antioxidant properties have been investigated mainly from human perspectives. Still, so far, our review is the first to combine the beneficial supporting properties of EOs in a One Health approach and as an animal product quality enhancer, opening new possibilities for their utilization in the livestock and nutrition sectors. We aim to compile the currently available data on the main anti-inflammatory effects of EOs, whether encapsulated or not, with a focus on mammary gland inflammation. We will also review the EOs' antioxidant activities when given in the diet or as a food preservative to counteract oxidative stress. We emphasize EOs' in vitro and in vivo ruminal microbiota and mechanisms of action to promote animal health and performance. Given the concept of DOHaD (Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases), supplementing animals with EOs in early life opens new perspectives in the nutrition sector. However, effective evaluation of the significant safety components is required before extending their use to livestock and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Nehme
- Quality and Health Department, IDELE Institute, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris CEDEX 12, France;
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, F-35042 Rennes, France;
| | - Sonia Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain; (S.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Renato B. Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto R Jorge Viterbo Ferreir 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.B.P.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Meriem Ben Jemaa
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif BP 901 2050, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (F.Z.R.); (R.K.)
| | | | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Secundino López
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain; (S.A.); (S.L.)
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Fatma Zohra Rahali
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif BP 901 2050, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (F.Z.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif BP 901 2050, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (F.Z.R.); (R.K.)
| | - David M. Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto R Jorge Viterbo Ferreir 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.B.P.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Latifa Abdennebi-Najar
- Quality and Health Department, IDELE Institute, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris CEDEX 12, France;
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S_938, 75020 Paris, France
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34
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The Antimicrobial Activity of Origanum vulgare L. Correlated with the Gastrointestinal Perturbation in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020283. [PMID: 33429991 PMCID: PMC7827761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) The metabolic syndrome (MS) promotes acute and chronic infections, due to the pro-inflammatory condition given by TNFα and IL6 or by affecting the microbiota. MS is also correlated with insulin resistance, causing inflammation and infections throughout the organism. (2) The purpose of this study was to track the effect of using the essential oil of Origanum vulgare L. (EOO) as an antibacterial treatment, compared to allopathic treatment with antibiotics in MS patients. A group of 106 people with MS was divided into four subgroups: L1-staphylococcal infection group, L2-Escherichia coli infection group, L3-streptococcal infection group with EOO treatment, and CG-control group without infection or treatment. (3) EOO is responsible for the antibacterial effect, and reduced minor uncomplicated infections. After a 10-day treatment, intestinal side effects were absent, improving the phase angle. (4) The results suggest that EOO may exhibit an antibacterial effect, similar to the antibiotic treatment, without promoting MS-specific dysbiosis, and it also improves the phase angle in patients, which is used as an index of health and cellular function.
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