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Gonçalves E, Smaoui S, Brito M, Oliveira JM, Arez AP, Tavares L. Sickle Cell Disease: Current Drug Treatments and Functional Foods with Therapeutic Potential. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5845-5865. [PMID: 38921020 PMCID: PMC11202234 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA), the most common form of sickle cell disease (SCD), is a genetic blood disorder. Red blood cells break down prematurely, causing anemia and often blocking blood vessels, leading to chronic pain, organ damage, and increased infection risk. SCD arises from a single-nucleotide mutation in the β-globin gene, substituting glutamic acid with valine in the β-globin chain. This review examines treatments evaluated through randomized controlled trials for managing SCD, analyzes the potential of functional foods (dietary components with health benefits) as a complementary strategy, and explores the use of bioactive compounds as functional food ingredients. While randomized trials show promise for certain drugs, functional foods enriched with bioactive compounds also hold therapeutic potential. Further research is needed to confirm clinical efficacy, optimal dosages, and specific effects of these compounds on SCD, potentially offering a cost-effective and accessible approach to managing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisângela Gonçalves
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health (LA-REAL), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, (IHMT), NOVA University of Lisbon (UNL) 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.G.); (A.P.A.)
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymes Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax-Tunisia, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia;
| | - Miguel Brito
- Health Research Centre of Angola (CISA), Caxito, Angola;
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-092 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. M. Oliveira
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3810-193 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal;
- EMaRT Group—Emerging Materials, Research, Technology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO Aveiro—Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Arez
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health (LA-REAL), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, (IHMT), NOVA University of Lisbon (UNL) 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.G.); (A.P.A.)
| | - Loleny Tavares
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3810-193 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal;
- EMaRT Group—Emerging Materials, Research, Technology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO Aveiro—Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Salsinha AS, Cima A, Araújo-Rodrigues H, Viana S, Reis F, Coscueta ER, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Relvas JB, Pintado M. The use of an in vitro fecal fermentation model to uncover the beneficial role of omega-3 and punicic acid in gut microbiota alterations induced by a Western diet. Food Funct 2024; 15:6095-6117. [PMID: 38757812 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The influence of gut microbiota in the onset and development of several metabolic diseases has gained attention over the last few years. Diet plays an essential role in gut microbiota modulation. Western diet (WD), characterized by high-sugar and high-fat consumption, alters gut microbiome composition, diversity index, microbial relative levels, and functional pathways. Despite the promising health effects demonstrated by polyunsaturated fatty acids, their impact on gut microbiota is still overlooked. The effect of Fish oil (omega-3 source) and Pomegranate oil (punicic acid source), and a mixture of both oils in gut microbiota modulation were determined by subjecting the oil samples to in vitro fecal fermentations. Cecal samples from rats from two different dietary groups: a control diet (CD) and a high-fat high-sugar diet (WD), were used as fecal inoculum. 16S amplicon metagenomics sequencing showed that Fish oil + Pomegranate oil from the WD group increased α-diversity. This sample can also increase the relative abundance of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum as well as Akkermansia and Blautia, which were affected by the WD consumption. All samples were able to increase butyrate and acetate concentration in the WD group. Moreover, tyrosine concentrations, a precursor for dopamine and norepinephrine, increase in the Fish oil + Pomegranate oil WD sample. GABA, an important neurotransmitter, was also increased in WD samples. These results suggest a potential positive impact of these oils' mixture on gut-brain axis modulation. It was demonstrated, for the first time, the great potential of using a mixture of both Fish and Pomegranate oil to restore the gut microbiota changes associated with WD consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Salsinha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina -Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto - Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Cima
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina -Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Araújo-Rodrigues
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina -Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto - Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viana
- Coimbra Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro - S. Martinho Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Coimbra Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ezequiel R Coscueta
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina -Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina -Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto - Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departmento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina -Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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Cook NE, McGovern MR, Zaman T, Lundin PM, Vaughan RA. Fructose Reduces Mitochondrial Metabolism and Increases Extracellular BCAA during Insulin Resistance in C2C12 Myotubes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1582. [PMID: 38892515 PMCID: PMC11174010 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fructose is a commonly consumed monosaccharide implicated in developing several metabolic diseases. Previously, elevated branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been correlated with the severity of insulin resistance. Most recently, the effect of fructose consumption on the downregulation of BCAA catabolic enzymes was observed. Thus, this mechanistic study investigated the effects of physiologically attainable levels of fructose, both with and without concurrent insulin resistance, in a myotube model of skeletal muscle. METHODS C2C12 mouse myoblasts were treated with fructose at a concentration of 100 µM (which approximates physiologically attainable concentrations in peripheral circulation) both with and without hyperinsulinemic-mediated insulin resistance. Gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR, and protein expression was assessed by Western blot. Oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate were used to assess mitochondrial oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, respectively. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was utilized to analyze leucine, isoleucine and valine concentration values. RESULTS Fructose significantly reduced peak glycolytic and peak mitochondrial metabolism without altering related gene or protein expression. Similarly, no effect of fructose on BCAA catabolic enzymes was observed; however, fructose treatment resulted in elevated total extracellular BCAA in insulin-resistant cells. DISCUSSION Collectively, these observations demonstrate that fructose at physiologically attainable levels does not appear to alter insulin sensitivity or BCAA catabolic potential in cultured myotubes. However, fructose may depress peak cell metabolism and BCAA utilization during insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah E. Cook
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (N.E.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Macey R. McGovern
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (N.E.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Toheed Zaman
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (T.Z.); (P.M.L.)
| | - Pamela M. Lundin
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (T.Z.); (P.M.L.)
| | - Roger A. Vaughan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (N.E.C.); (M.R.M.)
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de Klerk JA, Bijkerk R, Beulens JWJ, van Zonneveld AJ, Muilwijk M, Harms PP, Blom MT, 't Hart LM, Slieker RC. Branched-chain amino acid levels are inversely associated with incident and prevalent chronic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1706-1713. [PMID: 38303102 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association of plasma metabolites with incident and prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people with type 2 diabetes and establish whether this association is causal. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort is a large prospective cohort consisting of individuals with type 2 diabetes from the northwest part of the Netherlands. In this cohort we assessed the association of baseline plasma levels of 172 metabolites with incident (Ntotal = 462/Ncase = 81) and prevalent (Ntotal = 1247/Ncase = 120) CKD using logistic regression. Additionally, replication in the UK Biobank, body mass index (BMI) mediation and causality of the association with Mendelian randomization was performed. RESULTS Elevated levels of total and individual branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)-valine, leucine and isoleucine-were associated with an increased risk of incident CKD, but with reduced odds of prevalent CKD, where BMI was identified as an effect modifier. The observed inverse effects were replicated in the UK Biobank. Mendelian randomization analysis did not provide evidence for a causal relationship between BCAAs and prevalent CKD. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the intricate relationship between plasma BCAA levels and CKD in individuals with type 2 diabetes. While an association exists, its manifestation varies based on disease status and BMI, with no definitive evidence supporting a causal link between BCAAs and prevalent CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette A de Klerk
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mirte Muilwijk
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P Harms
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke T Blom
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leendert M 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Wang M, Ou Y, Yuan XL, Zhu XF, Niu B, Kang Z, Zhang B, Ahmed A, Xing GQ, Su H. Heterogeneously elevated branched-chain/aromatic amino acids among new-onset type-2 diabetes mellitus patients are potentially skewed diabetes predictors. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:53-71. [PMID: 38313852 PMCID: PMC10835491 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of specific predictors for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) severely impacts early intervention/prevention efforts. Elevated branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: Isoleucine, leucine, valine) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs: Tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine)) show high sensitivity and specificity in predicting diabetes in animals and predict T2DM 10-19 years before T2DM onset in clinical studies. However, improvement is needed to support its clinical utility. AIM To evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) and sex on BCAAs/AAAs in new-onset T2DM individuals with varying body weight. METHODS Ninety-seven new-onset T2DM patients (< 12 mo) differing in BMI [normal weight (NW), n = 33, BMI = 22.23 ± 1.60; overweight, n = 42, BMI = 25.9 ± 1.07; obesity (OB), n = 22, BMI = 31.23 ± 2.31] from the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China, were studied. One-way and 2-way ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effects of BMI and sex on BCAAs/AAAs. RESULTS Fasting serum AAAs, BCAAs, glutamate, and alanine were greater and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was lower (P < 0.05, each) in OB-T2DM patients than in NW-T2DM patients, especially in male OB-T2DM patients. Arginine, histidine, leucine, methionine, and lysine were greater in male patients than in female patients. Moreover, histidine, alanine, glutamate, lysine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan were significantly correlated with abdominal adiposity, body weight and BMI, whereas isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine were negatively correlated with HDL. CONCLUSION Heterogeneously elevated amino acids, especially BCAAs/AAAs, across new-onset T2DM patients in differing BMI categories revealed a potentially skewed prediction of T2DM development. The higher BCAA/AAA levels in obese T2DM patients would support T2DM prediction in obese individuals, whereas the lower levels of BCAAs/AAAs in NW-T2DM individuals may underestimate T2DM risk in NW individuals. This potentially skewed T2DM prediction should be considered when BCAAs/AAAs are to be used as the T2DM predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiang-Lian Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Zhu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ben Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhuang Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Nanchong Central Hospital & The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Guo-Qiang Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital and Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Research and Development, Lotus Biotech.com LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Heng Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
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Nilaweera KN, Cotter PD. Can dietary proteins selectively reduce either the visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissues? Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13613. [PMID: 37548066 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a considerable appeal for interventions that can selectively reduce either the visceral or subcutaneous white adipose tissues in humans and other species because of their associated impact on outcomes related to metabolic health. Here, we reviewed the data related to the specificity of five interventions to affect the two depots in humans and rodents. The interventions relate to the use of dietary proteins, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, calorie restriction, or bariatric surgery. The available data show that calorie restriction and bariatric surgery reduce both visceral and subcutaneous tissues, whereas there is no consistency in the effect of monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary proteins, more specifically, whey proteins show efficacy to reduce one or both depots based on how the proteins interact with other macronutrients in the diet. We provide evidence that this specificity is related to changes in the composition and the functional potential of the gut microbiota and the resulting metabolites produced by these microorganisms. The effect of the sex of the host is also discussed. This knowledge may help to develop nutritional approaches to deplete either the visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissues and improve metabolic health in humans and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka N Nilaweera
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Fu Y, Li S, Xiao Y, Liu G, Fang J. A Metabolite Perspective on the Involvement of the Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14991. [PMID: 37834439 PMCID: PMC10573635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a commonly diagnosed condition that has been extensively studied. The composition and activity of gut microbes, as well as the metabolites they produce (such as short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, trimethylamine N-oxide, and bile acids) can significantly impact diabetes development. Treatment options, including medication, can enhance the gut microbiome and its metabolites, and even reverse intestinal epithelial dysfunction. Both animal and human studies have demonstrated the role of microbiota metabolites in influencing diabetes, as well as their complex chemical interactions with signaling molecules. This article focuses on the importance of microbiota metabolites in type 2 diabetes and provides an overview of various pharmacological and dietary components that can serve as therapeutic tools for reducing the risk of developing diabetes. A deeper understanding of the link between gut microbial metabolites and T2D will enhance our knowledge of the disease and may offer new treatment approaches. Although many animal studies have investigated the palliative and attenuating effects of gut microbial metabolites on T2D, few have established a complete cure. Therefore, conducting more systematic studies in the future is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Jun Fang
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Y.X.)
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Liu Y, Wang H, Liang Y, Guo Z, Qu L, Wang Y, Zhang C, Sun G, Li Y. Dietary intakes of methionine, threonine, lysine, arginine and histidine increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese population: does the mediation effect of obesity exist? BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1551. [PMID: 37582714 PMCID: PMC10428589 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published studies have shown positive associations of branched chain and aromatic amino acids with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the findings remain consistent. However, the associations of other essential and semi-essential amino acids, i.e., methionine (Met), threonine (Thr), lysine (Lys), arginine (Arg) and histidine (His), with T2DM remain unknown. Obesity is an important independent risk factor for T2DM, and excessive amino acids can convert into glucose and lipids, which might underlie the associations of amino acids with obesity. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the associations between dietary intakes of these 5 amino acids and T2DM risk, as well as the mediation effects of obesity on these associations, in a Chinese population. METHODS A total of 10,920 participants (57,293 person-years) were included, and dietary intakes of 5 amino acids were investigated using 24-h dietary recalls. Anthropometric obesity indices were measured at both baseline and the follow-up endpoints. Associations of amino acids with T2DM were estimated using COX regression models, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were shown. The mediation effects of obesity indices were analyzed, and the proportion of the mediation effect was estimated. RESULTS Higher intakes of the 5 amino acids were associated with increasing T2DM risk, while significant HRs were only shown in men after adjustments. No interaction by gender was found. Regression analyses using quintiles of amino acids intakes showed that T2DM risk was positively associated with amino acids intakes only when comparing participants with the highest intake levels of amino acids to those with the lowest intake levels. Adjusted correlation coefficients between amino acid intakes and obesity indices measured at follow-up endpoints were significantly positive. Mediation analyses showed that mediation effects of obesity indices existed on associations between amino acids intakes and T2DM risk, and the mediation effect of waist circumference remained strongest for each amino acid. CONCLUSIONS We found positive associations of dietary intakes of Met, Thr, Lys, Arg and His with increasing T2DM risk in general Chinese residents, on which the mediation effect of obesity existed. These findings could be helpful for developing more constructive guidance in the primary prevention of T2DM based on dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanhong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zijun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Litong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guifan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China.
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Moin N, Thakur RS, Singh S, Patel DK, Satish A. β-triketone herbicide exposure cause tyrosine and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138353. [PMID: 36914009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
β-triketone herbicides have been efficiently employed as an alternate to atrazine. Triketones are 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) enzyme inhibitors and exposure is reported to cause significant increase in plasma tyrosine levels. In this study, we have employed a non-target organism Caenorhabditis elegans to determine the impact of β-triketone exposures at recommended field doses (RfD). Our results indicate sulcotrione and mesotrione, negatively influence the survival, behavior, and reproduction of the organism at RfD. Additionally, we have traced the parallels regarding the impact of triketones on the tyrosine metabolism pathway, in C. elegans to those in mammalian models, wherein the expression of the tyrosine metabolism pathway genes are altered, directly influencing tyrosine catabolism leading to significant tyrosine accumulation in exposed organism. Further, we investigated the impact of sulcotrione and mesotrione exposure on fat deposition (triglyceride levels, Oil-Red-O staining and lipidomics) and the fatty acid metabolism pathway. In the exposed worms, the expression of enlongases and fatty acid desaturases were up-regulated along with an increase in the levels of triglycerides. Thus, the data indicates a positive association of β-triketone exposure to mis-regulation of the fatty acid metabolism pathway genes leading to fat accumulation in worms. Therefore, β-triketone might be a potential obesogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Moin
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, 227015, India
| | - Ravindra Singh Thakur
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Aruna Satish
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Liu C, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H. Torularhodin-Loaded Bilosomes Ameliorate Lipid Accumulation and Amino Acid Metabolism in Hypercholesterolemic Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3250-3260. [PMID: 36693047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Hypercholesterolemia is a cause of cardiovascular disease. Torularhodin is a carotenoid, and its entrapment in bilosomes helps to improve its bioavailability. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of torularhodin-loaded bilosomes on lipid accumulation, inflammatory response, and serum metabolic profiles in hypercholesterolemic ApoE-/- C57BL/6J mice were investigated by feeding a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) for 20 weeks. At the same time, mice were gavaged with torularhodin-loaded bilosomes for 10 weeks. The results showed that torularhodin successfully alleviated weight gain and insulin resistance in mice and could also lower blood lipids. Meanwhile, torularhodin improved liver lipid accumulation in mice and modulated inflammatory factors in the "blood-liver-ileum." Nontargeted metabolomics revealed that torularhodin significantly increased the concentrations of l-tryptophan, glyceraldehyde, hypotaurine, pyrophosphate, and niacinamide in serum (p < 0.01). In addition, targeted amino acid metabolomics verification found that torularhodin promoted the metabolism of serum amino acids in mice, particularly for branched-chain amino acids, thereby helping to improve hypercholesterolemia in mice. Finally, interaction network bioinformatics was used to demonstrate that amino acid metabolism represented an important mechanism by which torularhodin improves lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in mice. CONCLUSIONS Torularhodin can improve hypercholesterolemia in HFHCD-fed mice, thereby supporting the feasibility of its usage in food applications for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
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Dai J, Boghossian NS, Sarzynski MA, Luo F, Sun X, Li J, Fiehn O, Liu J, Chen L. Metabolome-Wide Associations of Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women with Overweight and Obesity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100960. [PMID: 36295862 PMCID: PMC9609233 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This metabolome-wide association study aimed to identify metabolomic markers for GWG. This longitudinal study included 39 Black and White pregnant women with a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/m2. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed using fasting plasma samples collected at baseline (mean: 12.1 weeks) and 32 weeks of gestation. The associations of metabolites at each time point and changes between the two time points with GWG were examined by linear and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses. Pearson correlations between the identified metabolites and cardiometabolic biomarkers were examined. Of the 769 annotated metabolites, 88 metabolites at 32 weeks were individually associated with GWG, with four (phosphatidylcholine (PC) 34:4, triacylglycerol (TAG) 52:6, arachidonic acid, isoleucine) jointly associated with GWG (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for excessive GWG: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.93). No correlations were observed between the 88 metabolites and insulin, C-peptide, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein at 32 weeks. Twelve metabolites at baseline (AUC for excessive GWG: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.99) and three metabolite changes (AUC for excessive GWG: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.44, 1.00) were jointly associated with GWG. We identified novel metabolites in the first and third trimesters associated with GWG, which may shed light on the pathophysiology of GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nansi S. Boghossian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.C.)
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Piirsalu M, Taalberg E, Jayaram M, Lilleväli K, Zilmer M, Vasar E. Impact of a High-Fat Diet on the Metabolomics Profile of 129S6 and C57BL6 Mouse Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911682. [PMID: 36232982 PMCID: PMC9569783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different inbred mouse strains vary substantially in their behavior and metabolic phenotype under physiological and pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to extend the knowledge of distinct coping strategies under challenging events in two differently adapting mouse strains: C57BL/6NTac (Bl6) and 129S6/SvEvTac (129Sv). Thus, we aimed to investigate possible similarities and differences in the body weight change, behavior, and several metabolic variables in Bl6 and 129Sv strains in response to high-fat diet (HFD) using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit. We found that 9 weeks of HFD induced a significant body weight gain in 129Sv, but not in Bl6 mice. Besides that, 129Sv mice displayed anxiety-like behavior in the open-field test. Metabolite profiling revealed that 129Sv mice had higher levels of circulating branched-chain amino acids, which were even more amplified by HFD. HFD also induced a decrease in glycine, spermidine, and t4-OH-proline levels in 129Sv mice. Although acylcarnitines (ACs) dominated in baseline conditions in 129Sv strain, this strain had a significantly stronger AC-reducing effect of HFD. Moreover, 129Sv mice had higher levels of lipids in baseline conditions, but HFD caused more pronounced alterations in lipid profile in Bl6 mice. Taken together, our results show that the Bl6 line is better adapted to abundant fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Piirsalu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Egon Taalberg
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mohan Jayaram
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kersti Lilleväli
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Zilmer
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence:
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