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Cai SH, Wang B, Zhang J, Guo J, Hu B. Wearable sampling of proteins from human exhaled aerosols for nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis: A pilot study. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9737. [PMID: 38533583 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Human exhaled breath usually contains unique proteins that may provide clues to characterize individual physiological activities and many diseases. However, the concentration of exhaled proteins in exhaled breath is extremely low and usually does not reach the detection limits of all online breath mass spectrometry instruments. Therefore, developing a new breath sampler for collecting and characterizing exhaled proteins is important. METHODS In this study, a new mask-based wearable sampler was developed by fixing metal materials into the inner surface of the KN95 mask. Human exhaled proteins could be directly adsorbed onto the metal material while wearing the mask. After sampling, the collected proteins were eluted, digested, and identified using nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS). RESULTS The adsorption of exhaled proteins was evaluated, showing that modified gold foil is an effective material for collecting exhaled proteins. Various endogenous proteins were successfully identified from exhaled breath, many of which can be potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS By coupling the newly developed mask sampler with nano-LC-MS/MS, human exhaled proteins were successfully collected and identified. Our results show that the mask sampler is wearable, simple, and convenient, and the method is noninvasive for investigating disease diagnosis and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Hui Cai
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baixue Wang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiubiao Guo
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Wang S, Jiao C, Gerlach G, Körner J. Porosity Engineering of Dried Smart Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels for Gas Sensing. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2715-2727. [PMID: 38047737 PMCID: PMC11094736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
A recent study unveiled the potential of acrylamide-based stimulus-responsive hydrogels for volatile organic compound detection in gaseous environments. However, for gas sensing, a large surface area, that is, a highly porous material, offering many adsorption sites is crucial. The large humidity variation in the gaseous environment constitutes a significant challenge for preserving an initially porous structure, as the pores tend to be unstable and irreversibly collapse. Therefore, the present investigation focuses on enhancing the porosity of smart PNiPAAm hydrogels under the conditions of a gaseous environment and the preservation of the structural integrity for long-term use. We have studied the influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a porogen and the application of different drying methods and posttreatment. The investigations lead to the conclusion that only the combination of PEG addition, freeze-drying, and subsequent conditioning in high relative humidity enables a long-term stable formation of a porous surface and inner structure of the material. The significantly enhanced swelling response in a gaseous environment and in the test gas acetone is confirmed by gravimetric experiments of bulk samples and continuous measurements of thin films on piezoresistive pressure sensor chips. These measurements are furthermore complemented by an in-depth analysis of the morphology and microstructure. While the study was conducted for PNiPAAm, the insights and developed processes are general in nature and can be applied for porosity engineering of other smart hydrogel materials for VOC detection in gaseous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitao Wang
- Institute
of Solid-State Electronics, Dresden University
of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chen Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerald Gerlach
- Institute
of Solid-State Electronics, Dresden University
of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Körner
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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3
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Kim KB, Sohn MS, Min S, Yoon JW, Park JS, Li J, Moon YK, Kang YC. Highly Selective and Reversible Detection of Simulated Breath Hydrogen Sulfide Using Fe-Doped CuO Hollow Spheres: Enhanced Surface Redox Reaction by Multi-Valent Catalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2308963. [PMID: 38461524 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The precise and reversible detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) at high humidity condition, a malodorous and harmful volatile sulfur compound, is essential for the self-assessment of oral diseases, halitosis, and asthma. However, the selective and reversible detection of trace concentrations of H2 S (≈0.1 ppm) in high humidity conditions (exhaled breath) is challenging because of irreversible H2 S adsorption/desorption at the surface of chemiresistors. The study reports the synthesis of Fe-doped CuO hollow spheres as H2 S gas-sensing materials via spray pyrolysis. 4 at.% of Fe-doped CuO hollow spheres exhibit high selectivity (response ratio ≥ 34.4) over interference gas (ethanol, 1 ppm) and reversible sensing characteristics (100% recovery) to 0.1 ppm of H2 S under high humidity (relative humidity 80%) at 175 °C. The effect of multi-valent transition metal ion doping into CuO on sensor reversibility is confirmed through the enhancement of recovery kinetics by doping 4 at.% of Ti- or Nb ions into CuO sensors. Mechanistic details of these excellent H2 S sensing characteristics are also investigated by analyzing the redox reactions and the catalytic activity change of the Fe-doped CuO sensing materials. The selective and reversible detection of H2 S using the Fe-doped CuO sensor suggested in this work opens a new possibility for halitosis self-monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Beom Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sung Sohn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhong Min
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Wook Yoon
- Department of Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Young Kook Moon
- Department of Functional Ceramics, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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4
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Salami M, Alizadeh R, Talebpour Z. Determination of breast cancer biomarkers with poly acrylic acid/ MIL-88(Fe)-NH 2 hydrogel as a coating for stir bar sorptive extraction. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1717:464708. [PMID: 38330846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The Poly acrylic acid/MIL-88(Fe)-NH2 composite material, carefully prepared, is employed as a sorbent for the stir bar. The best formula of the composite was selected by investigation of two parameters including the cross-linker of PAA and MIL-88(Fe)-NH2 content. The prepared stir bar was used for extraction of 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, ethyl propionate, para-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, o-cresol, m-cresol in urine samples as breast cancer biomarkers with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The prepared Poly acrylic acid / MIL-88(Fe)-NH2 as sorbent for the stir bar demonstrate good repeatability of one bar (relative standard deviation (RSD%) < 4.61 %) and satisfactory reproducibility between two bars (RSD% < 6.85 %). The central composite design method was applied for the optimization of extraction parameters. Under the optimum conditions, linear dynamic ranges for compounds were in the acceptable range with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. Detection limits of them were less than 1.71 µg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.
| | - Zahra Talebpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran; Analytical and Bioanalytical Research Centre, Alzahra University, Tehran 19938-93973, Iran.
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5
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Kononova E, Mežmale L, Poļaka I, Veliks V, Anarkulova L, Vilkoite I, Tolmanis I, Ļeščinska AM, Stonāns I, Pčolkins A, Mochalski P, Leja M. Breath Fingerprint of Colorectal Cancer Patients Based on the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1632. [PMID: 38338911 PMCID: PMC10855950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The human body emits a multitude of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via tissues and various bodily fluids or exhaled breath. These compounds collectively create a distinctive chemical profile, which can potentially be employed to identify changes in human metabolism associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and, consequently, facilitate the diagnosis of this disease. The main goal of this study was to investigate and characterize the VOCs' chemical patterns associated with the breath of CRC patients and controls and identify potential expiratory markers of this disease. For this purpose, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied. Collectively, 1656 distinct compounds were identified in the breath samples provided by 152 subjects. Twenty-two statistically significant VOCs (p-xylene; hexanal; 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane; 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate; hexadecane; nonane; ethylbenzene; cyclohexanone; diethyl phthalate; 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one; tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one; 2-butanone; benzaldehyde; dodecanal; benzothiazole; tetradecane; 1-dodecanol; 1-benzene; 3-methylcyclopentyl acetate; 1-nonene; toluene) were observed at higher concentrations in the exhaled breath of the CRC group. The elevated levels of these VOCs in CRC patients' breath suggest the potential for these compounds to serve as biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elīna Kononova
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (E.K.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (L.A.); (A.M.Ļ.); (I.S.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Linda Mežmale
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (E.K.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (L.A.); (A.M.Ļ.); (I.S.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Health Centre 4, LV-1012 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Inese Poļaka
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (E.K.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (L.A.); (A.M.Ļ.); (I.S.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Department of Modelling and Simulation, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Viktors Veliks
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (E.K.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (L.A.); (A.M.Ļ.); (I.S.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Linda Anarkulova
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (E.K.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (L.A.); (A.M.Ļ.); (I.S.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Health Centre 4, LV-1012 Riga, Latvia;
- Liepaja Regional Hospital, LV-3414 Liepaja, Latvia
| | - Ilona Vilkoite
- Health Centre 4, LV-1012 Riga, Latvia;
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ivars Tolmanis
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anna Marija Ļeščinska
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (E.K.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (L.A.); (A.M.Ļ.); (I.S.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilmārs Stonāns
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (E.K.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (L.A.); (A.M.Ļ.); (I.S.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrejs Pčolkins
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (E.K.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (L.A.); (A.M.Ļ.); (I.S.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Pawel Mochalski
- Institute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
| | - Mārcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (E.K.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (L.A.); (A.M.Ļ.); (I.S.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
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6
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Chen KC, Kuo SW, Shie RH, Yang HY. Advancing accuracy in breath testing for lung cancer: strategies for improving diagnostic precision in imbalanced data. Respir Res 2024; 25:32. [PMID: 38225616 PMCID: PMC10790556 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breath testing using an electronic nose has been recognized as a promising new technique for the early detection of lung cancer. Imbalanced data are commonly observed in electronic nose studies, but methods to address them are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to assess the accuracy of electronic nose screening for lung cancer with imbalanced learning and to select the best mechanical learning algorithm. METHODS We conducted a case‒control study that included patients with lung cancer and healthy controls and analyzed metabolites in exhaled breath using a carbon nanotube sensor array. The study used five machine learning algorithms to build predictive models and a synthetic minority oversampling technique to address imbalanced data. The diagnostic accuracy of lung cancer was assessed using pathology reports as the gold standard. RESULTS We enrolled 190 subjects between 2020 and 2023. A total of 155 subjects were used in the final analysis, which included 111 lung cancer patients and 44 healthy controls. We randomly divided samples into one training set, one internal validation set, and one external validation set. In the external validation set, the summary sensitivity was 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.91), the summary specificity was 1.00 (95% CI 0.85-1.00), the AUC was 0.96 (95% CI 0.94-0.98), the pAUC was 0.92 (95% CI 0.89-0.96), and the DOR was 207.62 (95% CI 24.62-924.64). CONCLUSION Electronic nose screening for lung cancer is highly accurate. The support vector machine algorithm is more suitable for analyzing chemical sensor data from electronic noses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Cheng Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuenn-Wen Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Green Energy and Environmental Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yu Yang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, No. 17 Xuzhou Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Population Health Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Maiti KS, Fill E, Strittmatter F, Volz Y, Sroka R, Apolonski A. Standard operating procedure to reveal prostate cancer specific volatile organic molecules by infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123266. [PMID: 37657373 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The growing number of prostate cancer cases is a real concern in modern society. Over 1.4 million new cases and about 400 thousand (>26%) deaths were registered worldwide in 2020 due to prostate cancer. The high mortality rate of prostate cancer is due to the lack of reliable early detection of the disease. Till now the most reliable diagnosis of cancer is tissue biopsy, which is an invasive process. A non-invasive or minimally invasive technique could lead to a diagnostic tool that will allow for saving or prolonging the lifespan of millions of lives. Metabolite-based diagnostics may have a better chance of early cancer detection. However, reliable detection techniques need to be developed. Infrared spectroscopy based gaseous-biofluid holds great promise towards the development of non-invasive diagnostics. A pilot study based on breath analysis by infrared spectroscopy showed promising results in distinguishing prostate cancer patients from healthy volunteers. Details of the spectral metabolic analysis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sankar Maiti
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimental Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Couombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, 85747, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine/Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Ernst Fill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimental Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Couombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Frank Strittmatter
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik des Klinikums der Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München in Großhadern, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yannic Volz
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik des Klinikums der Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München in Großhadern, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ronald Sroka
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik des Klinikums der Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München in Großhadern, 81377 Munich, Germany; Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Alexander Apolonski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimental Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Couombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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8
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Khokhar M. Non-invasive detection of renal disease biomarkers through breath analysis. J Breath Res 2024; 18:024001. [PMID: 38099568 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad15fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Breath biomarkers are substances found in exhaled breath that can be used for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of medical conditions, including kidney disease. Detection techniques include mass spectrometry (MS), gas chromatography (GC), and electrochemical sensors. Biosensors, such as GC-MS or electronic nose (e-nose) devices, can be used to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath associated with metabolic changes in the body, including the kidneys. E-nose devices could provide an early indication of potential kidney problems through the detection of VOCs associated with kidney dysfunction. This review discusses the sources of breath biomarkers for monitoring renal disease during dialysis and different biosensor approaches for detecting exhaled breath biomarkers. The future of using various types of biosensor-based real-time breathing diagnosis for renal failure is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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9
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Kistenev YV, Borisov AV, Zasedatel VS, Spirina LV. Diabetes noninvasive diagnostics and monitoring through volatile biomarkers analysis in the exhaled breath using optical absorption spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300198. [PMID: 37643222 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The review is aimed on the analysis the abilities of noninvasive diagnostics and monitoring of diabetes mellitus (DM) and DM-associated complications through volatile molecular biomarkers detection in the exhaled breath. The specific biochemical reactions in the body of DM patients and their associations with volatile molecular biomarkers in the breath are considered. The applications of optical spectroscopy methods, including UV, IR, and terahertz spectroscopy for DM-associated volatile molecular biomarkers measurements, are described. The applications of similar technique combined with machine learning methods in DM diagnostics using the profile of DM-associated volatile molecular biomarkers in exhaled air or "pattern-recognition" approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Remote Sensing of the Environment, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V Borisov
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav S Zasedatel
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liudmila V Spirina
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Tumor Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute, National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
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10
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Li H, Gong H, Wong TH, Zhou J, Wang Y, Lin L, Dou Y, Jia H, Huang X, Gao Z, Shi R, Huang Y, Chen Z, Park W, Li JY, Chu H, Jia S, Wu H, Wu M, Liu Y, Li D, Li J, Xu G, Chang T, Zhang B, Gao Y, Su J, Bai H, Hu J, Yiu CK, Xu C, Hu W, Huang J, Chang L, Yu X. Wireless, battery-free, multifunctional integrated bioelectronics for respiratory pathogens monitoring and severity evaluation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7539. [PMID: 37985765 PMCID: PMC10661182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infection through breath and blow remains challenging. Here we develop a wireless, battery-free, multifunctional pathogenic infection diagnosis system (PIDS) for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptom severity by blow and breath within 110 s and 350 s, respectively. The accuracies reach to 100% and 92% for evaluating the infection and symptom severity of 42 participants, respectively. PIDS realizes simultaneous gaseous sample collection, biomarker identification, abnormal physical signs recording and machine learning analysis. We transform PIDS into other miniaturized wearable or portable electronic platforms that may widen the diagnostic modes at home, outdoors and public places. Collectively, we demonstrate a general-purpose technology for rapidly diagnosing respiratory pathogenic infection by breath and blow, alleviating the technical bottleneck of saliva and nasopharyngeal secretions. PIDS may serve as a complementary diagnostic tool for other point-of-care techniques and guide the symptomatic treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Huarui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Tsz Hung Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jingkun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yuqiong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Long Lin
- College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Dou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Huiling Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xingcan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wooyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ji Yu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hongwei Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shengxin Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Han Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Mengge Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Tianrui Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yuyu Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jingyou Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Precision Medicine Industrial Technology Institute, Department of Liver Surgery, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Precision Medicine Industrial Technology Institute, Department of Liver Surgery, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun Ki Yiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wenchuang Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Precision Medicine Industrial Technology Institute, Department of Liver Surgery, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiandong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for cancer metastasis and personalized therapy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083, Beijing, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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11
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Shitanda I, Oshimoto T, Loew N, Motosuke M, Watanabe H, Mikawa T, Itagaki M. Biosensor development for low-level acetaldehyde gas detection using mesoporous carbon electrode printed on a porous polyimide film. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 238:115555. [PMID: 37542977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetaldehyde, which is an intermediate product of alcohol metabolism, is known to induce symptoms, including alcohol flushing, vomiting, and headaches in humans. Therefore, real-time monitoring of acetaldehyde levels is crucial to mitigating these health issues. However, current methods for detecting low-concentration gases necessitate the use of complex measurement equipment. In this study, we developed a low-cost, low-detection-limit, enzyme-based electrochemical biosensor for acetaldehyde gas detection that does not require sophisticated equipment. The sensor was constructed by screen-printing electrodes onto a porous polyimide film, using grafted MgO-templated carbon (GMgOC) as working electrode material, carbon for the counter electrode, and silver/silver chloride for the reference electrode. Pyrroloquinoline-quinone-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase was immobilized on the working electrode, and a chamber was attached to the electrode chip and filled with 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methyl sulfate solution. The sensor can be used to measure acetaldehyde gas concentrations from 0.02 to 0.1 ppm, making it suitable for monitoring human skin gas. This low detection limit was achieved by delivering the analyte through the porous polyimide film on which the electrodes were printed and accumulating acetaldehyde in the mesoporous GMgOC of the working electrode. This mechanism suggests that this sensor design can be adapted to develop other low-detection limit gas sensors, such as those for screening skin gas biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Shitanda
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Taisei Oshimoto
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Noya Loew
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Motosuke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 3-1, Shinjuku 6-chome, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hikari Watanabe
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mikawa
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itagaki
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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12
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Banga I, Paul A, Poudyal DC, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. Recent Advances in Gas Detection Methodologies with a Special Focus on Environmental Sensing and Health Monitoring Applications─A Critical Review. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3307-3319. [PMID: 37540230 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
With the expansion of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), the use of gas sensors in the field of wearable technology, smart devices, and smart homes has increased manifold. These gas sensors have two key applications─one is the detection of gases present in the environment and the other is the detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that are found in the breath. In this review, we focus systematically on the advancements in the field of various spectroscopic methods such as mass spectrometry-based analysis and point-of-care approach to detect VOCs and gases for environmental monitoring and disease diagnosis. Additionally, we highlight the development of smart sensors that work on the principle of electrochemical detection and provide examples of the same through an extensive literature review. At the end of this review, we highlight various challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivneet Banga
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Anirban Paul
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Durgasha C Poudyal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sriram Muthukumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- EnLiSense LLC, 1813 Audubon Pondway, Allen, Texas 75013, United States
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- EnLiSense LLC, 1813 Audubon Pondway, Allen, Texas 75013, United States
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13
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xu C, Huang Z, Hu B. Detection of abused drugs in human exhaled breath using mass spectrometry: A review. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37 Suppl 1:e9503. [PMID: 36914281 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Human breath analysis has been attracting increasing interest in the detection of abused drugs in forensic and clinical applications because of its noninvasive sampling and distinctive molecular information. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches have been proven to be powerful tools for accurately analyzing exhaled abused drugs. The major advantages of MS-based approaches include high sensitivity, high specificity, and versatile couplings with various breath sampling methods. METHODS Recent advances in the methodological development of MS analysis of exhaled abused drugs are discussed. Breath collection and sample pretreatment methods for MS analysis are also introduced. RESULTS Recent advances in technical aspects of breath sampling methods are summarized, highlighting active and passive sampling. MS methods for detecting different exhaled abused drugs are reviewed, emphasizing their features, advantages, and limitations. The future trends and challenges in MS-based breath analysis of exhaled abused drugs are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS The coupling of breath sampling methods with MS approaches has been proven to be a powerful tool for the detection of exhaled abused drugs, offering highly attractive results in forensic investigations. MS-based detection of exhaled abused drugs in exhaled breath is a relatively new field and is still in the early stages of methodological development. New MS technologies promise a substantial benefit for future forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology (Ministry of Public Security), Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengxu Huang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Bratu AM, Bojan M, Banita S, Petrus M, Popa C. NIR and THz spectroscopy: An experimental investigation toward nicotine-related devices. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300120. [PMID: 37260323 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the content of nicotine-delivery products using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and breath ethylene investigated with CO2 laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (CO2 LPAS) system as a biomarker of oxidative stress after smoking. The THz-TDS method provided valuable information on the transmission spectra of tobacco and nicotine in smoking products. From the CO2 LPAS data it was observed that in cigarette (TC) smoking the mean breath ethylene was 687 parts per billion (ppb), while in electronic cigarettes and tobacco heating devices smoking the mean ethylene was 56 ppb and 48 ppb, respectively. The main finding was that TC showed higher transmission in the THz region producing a higher oxidative stress on the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Bratu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest, PO, Romania
| | - Mihaela Bojan
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest, PO, Romania
| | - Stefan Banita
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest, PO, Romania
| | - Mioara Petrus
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest, PO, Romania
| | - Cristina Popa
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest, PO, Romania
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15
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Mezmale L, Leja M, Lescinska AM, Pčolkins A, Kononova E, Bogdanova I, Polaka I, Stonans I, Kirsners A, Ager C, Mochalski P. Identification of Volatile Markers of Colorectal Cancer from Tumor Tissues Using Volatilomic Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:5990. [PMID: 37630241 PMCID: PMC10459111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body releases numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through tissues and various body fluids, including breath. These compounds form a specific chemical profile that may be used to detect the colorectal cancer CRC-related changes in human metabolism and thereby diagnose this type of cancer. The main goal of this study was to investigate the volatile signatures formed by VOCs released from the CRC tissue. For this purpose, headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied. In total, 163 compounds were detected. Both cancerous and non-cancerous tissues emitted 138 common VOCs. Ten volatiles (2-butanone; dodecane; benzaldehyde; pyridine; octane; 2-pentanone; toluene; p-xylene; n-pentane; 2-methyl-2-propanol) occurred in at least 90% of both types of samples; 1-propanol in cancer tissue (86% in normal one), acetone in normal tissue (82% in cancer one). Four compounds (1-propanol, pyridine, isoprene, methyl thiolacetate) were found to have increased emissions from cancer tissue, whereas eleven showed reduced release from this type of tissue (2-butanone; 2-pentanone; 2-methyl-2-propanol; ethyl acetate; 3-methyl-1-butanol; d-limonene; tetradecane; dodecanal; tridecane; 2-ethyl-1-hexanol; cyclohexanone). The outcomes of this study provide evidence that the VOCs signature of the CRC tissue is altered by the CRC. The volatile constituents of this distinct signature can be emitted through exhalation and serve as potential biomarkers for identifying the presence of CRC. Reliable identification of the VOCs associated with CRC is essential to guide and tune the development of advanced sensor technologies that can effectively and sensitively detect and quantify these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mezmale
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (M.L.); (A.M.L.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (I.B.); (I.P.); (I.S.); (P.M.)
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Marcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (M.L.); (A.M.L.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (I.B.); (I.P.); (I.S.); (P.M.)
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anna Marija Lescinska
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (M.L.); (A.M.L.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (I.B.); (I.P.); (I.S.); (P.M.)
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Pčolkins
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (M.L.); (A.M.L.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (I.B.); (I.P.); (I.S.); (P.M.)
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Elina Kononova
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (M.L.); (A.M.L.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (I.B.); (I.P.); (I.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inga Bogdanova
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (M.L.); (A.M.L.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (I.B.); (I.P.); (I.S.); (P.M.)
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inese Polaka
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (M.L.); (A.M.L.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (I.B.); (I.P.); (I.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Ilmars Stonans
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (M.L.); (A.M.L.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (I.B.); (I.P.); (I.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Arnis Kirsners
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (M.L.); (A.M.L.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (I.B.); (I.P.); (I.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Clemens Ager
- Institute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Dornbirn, Austria;
| | - Pawel Mochalski
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (M.L.); (A.M.L.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (I.B.); (I.P.); (I.S.); (P.M.)
- Institute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Dornbirn, Austria;
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
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16
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Biagini D, Pugliese NR, Vivaldi FM, Ghimenti S, Lenzi A, De Angelis F, Ripszam M, Bruderer T, Armenia S, Cappeli F, Taddei S, Masi S, Francesco FD, Lomonaco T. Breath analysis combined with cardiopulmonary exercise testing and echocardiography for monitoring heart failure patients: the AEOLUS protocol. J Breath Res 2023; 17:046006. [PMID: 37524075 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/acec08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the AEOLUS pilot study which combines breath analysis with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and an echocardiographic examination for monitoring heart failure (HF) patients. Ten consecutive patients with a prior clinical diagnosis of HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were prospectively enrolled together with 15 control patients with cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, type II diabetes or chronic ischemic heart disease. Breath samples were collected at rest and during CPET coupled with exercise stress echocardiography (CPET-ESE) protocol by means of needle trap micro-extraction and were analyzed through gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The protocol also involved using of a selected ion flow tube mass spectrometer for a breath-by-breath isoprene and acetone analysis during exercise. At rest, HF patients showed increased breath levels of acetone and pentane, which are related to altered oxidation of fatty acids and oxidative stress, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between acetone and the gold standard biomarker NT-proBNP in plasma (r= 0.646,p< 0.001), both measured at rest. During exercise, some exhaled volatiles (e.g., isoprene) mirrored ventilatory and/or hemodynamic adaptation, whereas others (e.g., sulfide compounds and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone) depended on their origin. At peak effort, acetone levels in HF patients differed significantly from those of the control group, suggesting an altered myocardial and systemic metabolic adaptation to exercise for HF patients. These preliminary data suggest that concomitant acquisition of CPET-ESE and breath analysis is feasible and might provide additional clinical information on the metabolic maladaptation of HF patients to exercise. Such information may refine the identification of patients at higher risk of disease worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola R Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico M Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matyas Ripszam
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tobias Bruderer
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Armenia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Cappeli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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17
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Santos PHC, Moura PC, Vassilenko V. Suitability of Short- and Long-Term Storage of Volatile Organic Compounds Samples in Syringe-Based Containers: A Comparison Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:903. [PMID: 37623847 PMCID: PMC10456467 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The employment of advanced analytical techniques and instrumentation enables the tracing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in vestigial concentrations (ppbv-pptv range) for several emerging applications, such as the research of disease biomarkers in exhaled air, the detection of metabolites in several biological processes, and the detection of pollutants for air quality control. In this scope, the storage of gaseous samples is crucial for preserving the integrity and stability of the collected set of analytes. This study aims to assess the suitability of three commercially available syringes as air containers (AC) that are commonly used for the collection, storage, isolation, and transportation of samples: glass syringes with glass plungers (AC1), and two plastic syringes, one with plastic plungers (AC2), and one with rubbered plungers (AC3). For this purpose, 99 air samples with different times of storage (from 10 min to 24 h) were analyzed using a Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry device and the degradation of the samples was properly assessed by comparing the changes in the VOCs' emission profiles. The quality of the method was assured by via the measurement of the blank's spectra before each experimental run, as well as by the consecutive measurement of the three replicates for each sample. A statistical analysis of the changes in the VOCs' emission patterns was performed using principal component analysis (PCA). The results, with a total explained variance of 93.61%, indicate that AC3 is the most suitable option for the long-term storage of air samples. Thus, AC3 containers demonstrated a higher capacity to preserve the stability and integrity of the analytes compared to AC1 and AC2. The findings of the short-term effects analysis, up to 1 h, confirm the suitability of all analyzed syringe-based containers for sample-transferring purposes in onsite analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Costa Santos
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-NOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- NMT, S. A., Edifício Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Catalão Moura
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-NOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Valentina Vassilenko
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-NOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- NMT, S. A., Edifício Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
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18
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Mahla S, Modak P, Antony B. Study of Electron Collisions with Isoprene, 1,2-Butadiene, and Their Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37310850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene, 1,2-butadiene, and their isomers play an important role in aerosols in the atmosphere, interstellar media, and extraterrestrial life. Since electrons are everywhere, studying how electrons interact with these molecules is an important part of studying such environments. To date, however, little investigation has been conducted in this area. Bearing this in mind, we conducted a thorough investigation to report the various electron scattering cross sections of isoprene, 1,2-butadiene, and their isomers. The methods used for this purpose are reliable within the limits of adopted model potentials. The optical potential method was used to get the total elastic and inelastic cross sections, while the complex scattering potential ionization contribution method was used to get the total ionization cross section from the inelastic contribution. The results from these approximations are pretty close to the results from earlier experiments and theories. Furthermore, most of these isomers are being explored for the first time. Besides, their isomeric effect is also discussed. A correlation between the cross sections of molecules is demonstrated, which can be used to predict cross sections of those molecules where previous data are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Mahla
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, JH 826004, India
| | - Paresh Modak
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Bobby Antony
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, JH 826004, India
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19
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Bhandari MP, Polaka I, Vangravs R, Mezmale L, Veliks V, Kirshners A, Mochalski P, Dias-Neto E, Leja M. Volatile Markers for Cancer in Exhaled Breath-Could They Be the Signature of the Gut Microbiota? Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083488. [PMID: 37110724 PMCID: PMC10141340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that the gut microbiota plays a central role in human health and disease. A wide range of volatile metabolites present in exhaled breath have been linked with gut microbiota and proposed as a non-invasive marker for monitoring pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the possible correlation between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath and the fecal microbiome by multivariate statistical analysis in gastric cancer patients (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 33). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to characterize the fecal microbiota. Breath-VOC profiles in the same participants were identified by an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. A multivariate statistical approach involving a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and sparse principal component analysis identified the significant relationship between the breath VOCs and fecal microbiota. This relation was found to differ between gastric cancer patients and healthy controls. In 16 cancer cases, 14 distinct metabolites identified from the breath belonging to hydrocarbons, alcohols, aromatics, ketones, ethers, and organosulfur compounds were highly correlated with 33 fecal bacterial taxa (correlation of 0.891, p-value 0.045), whereas in 33 healthy controls, 7 volatile metabolites belonging to alcohols, aldehydes, esters, phenols, and benzamide derivatives correlated with 17 bacterial taxa (correlation of 0.871, p-value 0.0007). This study suggested that the correlation between fecal microbiota and breath VOCs was effective in identifying exhaled volatile metabolites and the functional effects of microbiome, thus helping to understand cancer-related changes and improving the survival and life expectancy in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inese Polaka
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Reinis Vangravs
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Linda Mezmale
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Viktors Veliks
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arnis Kirshners
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Pawel Mochalski
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland
- Institute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Marcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases Center GASTRO, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
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20
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Hwang YJ, Yu H, Lee G, Shackery I, Seong J, Jung Y, Sung SH, Choi J, Jun SC. Multiplexed DNA-functionalized graphene sensor with artificial intelligence-based discrimination performance for analyzing chemical vapor compositions. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:28. [PMID: 36949735 PMCID: PMC10025282 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a new technology that can detect and discriminate individual chemical vapors to determine the chemical vapor composition of mixed chemical composition in situ based on a multiplexed DNA-functionalized graphene (MDFG) nanoelectrode without the need to condense the original vapor or target dilution. To the best of our knowledge, our artificial intelligence (AI)-operated arrayed electrodes were capable of identifying the compositions of mixed chemical gases with a mixed ratio in the early stage. This innovative technology comprised an optimized combination of nanodeposited arrayed electrodes and artificial intelligence techniques with advanced sensing capabilities that could operate within biological limits, resulting in the verification of mixed vapor chemical components. Highly selective sensors that are tolerant to high humidity levels provide a target for "breath chemovapor fingerprinting" for the early diagnosis of diseases. The feature selection analysis achieved recognition rates of 99% and above under low-humidity conditions and 98% and above under humid conditions for mixed chemical compositions. The 1D convolutional neural network analysis performed better, discriminating the compositional state of chemical vapor under low- and high-humidity conditions almost perfectly. This study provides a basis for the use of a multiplexed DNA-functionalized graphene gas sensor array and artificial intelligence-based discrimination of chemical vapor compositions in breath analysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji Hwang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Gilho Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Iman Shackery
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmo Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Sung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongeun Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Chan Jun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
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21
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Rao P, Keloth A, Selvaraja SK. Thin-film wafer-scale mid-IR Fabry Perot cavity gas sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:10625-10632. [PMID: 37157605 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a miniaturized wafer-scale optical gas sensor that combines the gas cell, an optical filter, and integrated flow channels. We present the design, fabrication and characterization of an integrated cavity-enhanced sensor. Using the module, we demonstrate absorption sensing of ethylene down to 100 ppm level.
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22
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Maiti KS. Non-Invasive Disease Specific Biomarker Detection Using Infrared Spectroscopy: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:2320. [PMID: 36903576 PMCID: PMC10005715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many life-threatening diseases remain obscure in their early disease stages. Symptoms appear only at the advanced stage when the survival rate is poor. A non-invasive diagnostic tool may be able to identify disease even at the asymptotic stage and save lives. Volatile metabolites-based diagnostics hold a lot of promise to fulfil this demand. Many experimental techniques are being developed to establish a reliable non-invasive diagnostic tool; however, none of them are yet able to fulfil clinicians' demands. Infrared spectroscopy-based gaseous biofluid analysis demonstrated promising results to fulfil clinicians' expectations. The recent development of the standard operating procedure (SOP), sample measurement, and data analysis techniques for infrared spectroscopy are summarized in this review article. It has also outlined the applicability of infrared spectroscopy to identify the specific biomarkers for diseases such as diabetes, acute gastritis caused by bacterial infection, cerebral palsy, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sankar Maiti
- Max–Planck–Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; ; Tel.: +49-289-14054
- Lehrstuhl für Experimental Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Laser-Forschungslabor, Klinikum der Universität München, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152 Planegg, Germany
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23
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Platonov V, Sharma P, Ledyaev M, Anikina MA, Djuzhev NA, Chinenkov MY, Tripathi N, Parveen S, Ahmad R, Pavelyev V, Melaibari AA. Realization of Microfluidic Preconcentrator for N-Pentane Traces Impurities from the Gaseous Media. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8090. [PMID: 36431577 PMCID: PMC9696541 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the work of designing and fabricating a new generation of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based microfluidic preconcentrators (MFP) for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) quantification. The main objective of this work is to quantify the n-pentane impurities using MFP for sample preparation. The MFP was analyzed using Hewlett-Packard 5890 gas chromatography, having a flame ionization detector under isothermal conditions. The proposed MFP system includes two-microfluidic preconcentrators for continuous action and a system of four 3/2 solenoid valves with a control unit. Microfluidic preconcentrators were placed on metal plates and have circular channels filled with Al2O3 (50 μm), n-octane ResSil-C (80/100 mesh) sorbents of one nature and are hyphenated with the Peltier elements to regulate the temperature of sorption and desorption. The n-pentane quantitative determination was carried out using a calibration plot of gas mixtures on a successive dilution with the nitrogen. This study shows that the microfluidic preconcentrator system with Al2O3 and n-Octane ResSil-C sorbent concentrates the n-pentane traces up to 41 to 47 times from the gas mixture with the standard deviation of ≤5%. It has been observed that the n-octane ResSil-C based MFC shows very fast response (<5 min) and stability up to 300 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Platonov
- Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086 Samara, Russia
| | - Prachi Sharma
- Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086 Samara, Russia
- School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Mikhail Ledyaev
- Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086 Samara, Russia
| | - Maria A. Anikina
- Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086 Samara, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of the Department of Gas Processing, Hydrogen and Special Technologies, Samara State Technical University, 443100 Samara, Russia
| | | | | | - Nishant Tripathi
- Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086 Samara, Russia
| | - Sania Parveen
- Central Instrumentation Facility, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Vladimir Pavelyev
- Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086 Samara, Russia
| | - Ammar A. Melaibari
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddha 22254, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Accuracy of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Detection in Exhaled Breath Compared to Reverse-transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for Diagnosis of COVID-19: An Evidence-based Case Report. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid-119263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this infection a global pandemic in 2020. In addition, various methods have been developed to diagnose COVID-19 rapidly and accurately to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as a gold standard method. One of these methods is the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in exhaled breath. Objectives: The aim was to collect and investigate studies on the accuracy of VOC detection as a diagnostic method for COVID-19. Methods: A literature search was performed in five electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Scopus, along with hand searching. The search was conducted in the titles and abstracts of articles using keywords and their equivalent terms, combined with the Boolean operators (OR and AND). The search results were then selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and compatibility with the Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcomes (PICO) framework. Results: Based on the search results, two cross-sectional studies by Wintjens et al. and Ruszkiewicz et al. were selected, which were then critically appraised. Both studies showed good validity. Wintjens et al. reported 86% sensitivity and 54% specificity for their method, with a positive predictive value (PPV) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 40% and 92%, respectively. Besides, Ruszkiewicz et al., who conducted a study in two different locations, reported 82.4% sensitivity and 75% specificity for their method in Edinburgh (UK), with PPV and NPV of 87.5% and 66.7%, respectively, while they reported 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity in Dortmund (Germany), with PPV and NPV of 45% and 97.8%, respectively. The accuracy of these three methods was 62%, 80%, and 82%, respectively. Conclusions: Detection of VOCs from exhaled breath can be a rapid, cost-effective, and simple method for diagnosing COVID-19. However, the accuracy of this method is still relatively low (62 - 82%) and inconsistent; therefore, it is only recommended for screening.
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25
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Hewitt MJ, Belluomo I, Zuffa S, Boshier PR, Myridakis A. Variation of volatile organic compound levels within ambient room air and its impact upon the standardisation of breath sampling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15887. [PMID: 36151300 PMCID: PMC9508138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest around analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within breath has increased in the last two decades. Uncertainty remains around standardisation of sampling and whether VOCs within room air can influence breath VOC profiles. To assess the abundance of VOCs within room air in common breath sampling locations within a hospital setting and whether this influences the composition of breath. A secondary objective is to investigate diurnal variation in room air VOCs. Room air was collected using a sampling pump and thermal desorption (TD) tubes in the morning and afternoon from five locations. Breath samples were collected in the morning only. TD tubes were analysed using gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). A total of 113 VOCs were identified from the collected samples. Multivariate analysis demonstrated clear separation between breath and room air. Room air composition changed throughout the day and different locations were characterized by specific VOCs, which were not influencing breath profiles. Breath did not demonstrate separation based on location, suggesting that sampling can be performed across different locations without affecting results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Belluomo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simone Zuffa
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Piers R Boshier
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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26
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Analysis of volatile organic compounds from deep airway in the lung through intubation sampling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7647-7658. [PMID: 36018334 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been widely applied for the study of disease biomarkers. Oral exhalation and nasal exhalation are two of the most common sampling methods. However, VOCs released from food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract were also sampled and usually mistaken as that produced from body metabolism. In this study, exhalation from deep airway was first directly collected through intubation sampling and analyzed. The exhalation samples of 35 subjects were collected through a catheter, which was inserted into the trachea or bronchus through the mouth and upper respiratory tract. Then, the VOCs in these samples were detected by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). In addition, fast gas chromatography proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (FGC-PTR-MS) was used to further determine the VOCs with the same mass-to-charge ratios. The results showed that there was methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, acetone, isoprene, and phenol in the deep airway. Compared with that in oral exhalation, ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol had lower concentrations. In detail, the median concentrations of ethanol, methyl mercaptan, and phenol were 7.3, 0.6, and 23.9 ppbv, while those in the oral exhalation were 80.0, 5.1, and 71.3 ppbv, respectively, which meant the three VOCs mainly originated from the food residues and bacteria in the mouth or upper respiratory tract, rather than body metabolism. The research results in our study can provide references for expiratory VOC research based on oral and nasal exhalation samplings, which are more feasible in clinical practice.
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27
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Hidayat SN, Julian T, Dharmawan AB, Puspita M, Chandra L, Rohman A, Julia M, Rianjanu A, Nurputra DK, Triyana K, Wasisto HS. Hybrid learning method based on feature clustering and scoring for enhanced COVID-19 breath analysis by an electronic nose. Artif Intell Med 2022; 129:102323. [PMID: 35659391 PMCID: PMC9110307 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2022.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Breath pattern analysis based on an electronic nose (e-nose), which is a noninvasive, fast, and low-cost method, has been continuously used for detecting human diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, having big data with several available features is not always beneficial because only a few of them will be relevant and useful to distinguish different breath samples (i.e., positive and negative COVID-19 samples). In this study, we develop a hybrid machine learning-based algorithm combining hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis and permutation feature importance method to improve the data analysis of a portable e-nose for COVID-19 detection (GeNose C19). Utilizing this learning approach, we can obtain an effective and optimum feature combination, enabling the reduction by half of the number of employed sensors without downgrading the classification model performance. Based on the cross-validation test results on the training data, the hybrid algorithm can result in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values of (86 ± 3)%, (88 ± 6)%, and (84 ± 6)%, respectively. Meanwhile, for the testing data, a value of 87% is obtained for all the three metrics. These results exhibit the feasibility of using this hybrid filter-wrapper feature-selection method to pave the way for optimizing the GeNose C19 performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidiq Nur Hidayat
- PT Nanosense Instrument Indonesia, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta 55167, Indonesia,Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, BLS 21, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Trisna Julian
- PT Nanosense Instrument Indonesia, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta 55167, Indonesia
| | - Agus Budi Dharmawan
- PT Nanosense Instrument Indonesia, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta 55167, Indonesia,Faculty of Information Technology, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jl. Letjen S. Parman No. 1, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
| | - Mayumi Puspita
- PT Nanosense Instrument Indonesia, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta 55167, Indonesia
| | - Lily Chandra
- RS Bhayangkara Polda Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Jl. Raya Solo-Yogyakarta KM. 14, Sleman 55571, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Madarina Julia
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Rianjanu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, Lampung 35365, Indonesia
| | - Dian Kesumapramudya Nurputra
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Kuwat Triyana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, BLS 21, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia,Corresponding author
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28
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Velusamy P, Su CH, Ramasamy P, Arun V, Rajnish N, Raman P, Baskaralingam V, Senthil Kumar SM, Gopinath SCB. Volatile Organic Compounds as Potential Biomarkers for Noninvasive Disease Detection by Nanosensors: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1828-1839. [PMID: 35201946 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2043145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are biological molecules associated with physiological changes of the body and aids in the detecting the onset of disease in patients. There is an urgent need for self-monitoring and early detection of cardiovascular and other health complications. Several blood-based biomarkers have been well established in diagnosis and monitoring the onset of diseases. However, the detection level of biomarkers in bed-side analysis is difficult and complications arise due to the endothelial dysfunction. Currently single volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based sensors are available for the detection of human diseases and no dedicated nanosensor is available for the elderly. Moreover, accuracy of the sensors based on a single analyte is limited. Hence, breath analysis has received enormous attention in healthcare due to its relatively inexpensive, rapid, and noninvasive methods for detecting diseases. This review gives a detailed analysis of how biomarker imprinted nanosensor can be used as a noninvasive method for detecting VOC to health issues early using exhaled breath analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniyandi Velusamy
- Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chia-Hung Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Palaniappan Ramasamy
- Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Arun
- Department of Biotechnology SRFBMST, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narayanan Rajnish
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pachaiappan Raman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaseeharan Baskaralingam
- Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil Kumar
- Electroorganic and Materials Electrochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology and Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (CoExNano), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia
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29
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Zhong J, Li Z, Takakuwa M, Inoue D, Hashizume D, Jiang Z, Shi Y, Ou L, Nayeem MOG, Umezu S, Fukuda K, Someya T. Smart Face Mask Based on an Ultrathin Pressure Sensor for Wireless Monitoring of Breath Conditions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107758. [PMID: 34706136 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A smart face mask that can conveniently monitor breath information is beneficial for maintaining personal health and preventing the spread of diseases. However, some challenges still need to be addressed before such devices can be of practical use. One key challenge is to develop a pressure sensor that is easily triggered by low pressure and has excellent stability as well as electrical and mechanical properties. In this study, a wireless smart face mask is designed by integrating an ultrathin self-powered pressure sensor and a compact readout circuit with a normal face mask. The pressure sensor is the thinnest (totally compressed thickness of ≈5.5 µm) and lightest (total weight of ≈4.5 mg) electrostatic pressure sensor capable of achieving a peak open-circuit voltage of up to ≈10 V when stimulated by airflow, which endows the sensor with the advantage of readout circuit miniaturization and makes the breath-monitoring system portable and wearable. To demonstrate the capabilities of the smart face mask, it is used to wirelessly measure and analyze the various breath conditions of multiple testers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Zhong
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory and Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Masahito Takakuwa
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory and Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory and Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory and Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory and Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yujun Shi
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Lexiang Ou
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Md Osman Goni Nayeem
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Umezu
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory and Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory and Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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30
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Biagini D, Fusi J, Vezzosi A, Oliveri P, Ghimenti S, Lenzi A, Salvo P, Daniele S, Scarfò G, Vivaldi FM, Bonini A, Martini C, Franzoni F, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Effects of long-term vegan diet on breath composition. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 35051905 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac4d41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The composition of exhaled breath derives from an intricate combination of normal and abnormal physiological processes that are modified by the consumption of food and beverages, circadian rhythms, bacterial infections, and genetics as well as exposure to xenobiotics. This complexity, which results wide intra- and inter-individual variability and is further influenced by sampling conditions, hinders the identification of specific biomarkers and makes it difficult to differentiate between pathological and nominally healthy subjects. The identification of a "normal" breath composition and the relative influence of the aforementioned parameters would make breath analyses much faster for diagnostic applications. We thus compared, for the first time, the breath composition of age-matched volunteers following a vegan and a Mediterranean omnivorous diet in order to evaluate the impact of diet on breath composition. Mixed breath was collected from 38 nominally healthy volunteers who were asked to breathe into a two-liter handmade Nalophan bag. Exhalation flow rate and carbon dioxide values were monitored during breath sampling. An aliquot (100 mL) of breath was loaded into a sorbent tube (250 mg of Tenax GR, 60/80 mesh) before being analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Breath profiling using TD-GC-MS analysis identified five compounds (methanol, 1-propanol, pentane, hexane, and hexanal), thus enabling differentiation between samples collected from the different group members . Principal component analysis showed a clear separation between groups, suggesting that breath analysis could be used to study the influence of dietary habits in the fields of nutrition and metabolism. Surprisingly, one Italian woman and her brother showed extremely low breath isoprene levels (about 5 ppbv), despite their normal lipidic profile and respiratory data, such as flow rate and pCO2. Further investigations to reveal the reasons behind low isoprene levels in breath would help reveal the origin of isoprene in breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- University of Pisa Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Roma, 67, Pisa, Toscana, 56126, ITALY
| | - Annasilvia Vezzosi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Paolo Oliveri
- Department of Drug and Food Chemistry and Technology, University of Genoa, Via Brigata Salerno, 13, Genoa, 16100, ITALY
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, ITALY
| | - Simona Daniele
- University of Pisa Department of Pharmacy, Via Bonanno Pisano, 12, Pisa, Toscana, 56126, ITALY
| | - Giorgia Scarfò
- University of Pisa Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Roma, 67, Pisa, Toscana, 56126, ITALY
| | - Federico Maria Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Andrea Bonini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Claudia Martini
- University of Pisa Department of Pharmacy, Via Bonanno Pisano, 12, Pisa, Toscana, 56126, ITALY
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- University of Pisa Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Roma, 67, Pisa, Toscana, 56126, ITALY
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
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31
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Oliveira LFD, Mallafré-Muro C, Giner J, Perea L, Sibila O, Pardo A, Marco S. Breath analysis using electronic nose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: A pilot study on bronchial infections in bronchiectasis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 526:6-13. [PMID: 34953821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In this work, breath samples from clinically stable bronchiectasis patients with and without bronchial infections by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa- PA) were collected and chemically analysed to determine if they have clinical value in the monitoring of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort was recruited inviting bronchiectasis patients (25) and controls (9). Among the former group, 12 members were suffering PA infection. Breath samples were collected in Tedlar bags and analyzed by e-nose and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The obtained data were analyzed by chemometric methods to determine their discriminant power in regards to their health condition. Results were evaluated with blind samples. RESULTS Breath analysis by electronic nose successfully separated the three groups with an overall classification rate of 84% for the three-class classification problem. The best discrimination was obtained between control and bronchiectasis with PA infection samples 100% (CI95%: 84-100%) on external validation and the results were confirmed by permutation tests. The discrimination analysis by GC-MS provided good results but did not reach proper statistical significance after a permutation test. CONCLUSIONS Breath sample analysis by electronic nose followed by proper predictive models successfully differentiated between control, Bronchiectasis and Bronchiectasis PA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Fontes de Oliveira
- Signal and Information Processing for Sensing Systems, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Mallafré-Muro
- Signal and Information Processing for Sensing Systems, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Marti I Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Giner
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy. Hospital de la Sta. Creu I Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Perea
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Pardo
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Marti I Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Marco
- Signal and Information Processing for Sensing Systems, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Marti I Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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32
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Ho LDA, Nam VB, Lee D. Flexible Ni/NiO x-Based Sensor for Human Breath Detection. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:47. [PMID: 35009195 PMCID: PMC8746032 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed a simple methodology to fabricate an Ni/NiOx-based flexible breath sensor by a single-step laser digital patterning process of solution-processed NiOx thin-film deposited using NiOx nanoparticle ink. Laser-induced reductive sintering phenomenon enables for the generation of three parts of Ni electrodes and two narrow NiOx-sensing channels in between, defined on a single layer on a thin flexible polymer substrate. The Ni/NiOx-based breath sensor efficiently detects human breath at a relatively low operating temperature (50 °C) with fast response/recovery times (1.4 s/1.7 s) and excellent repeatability. The mechanism of the gas-sensing ability enhancement of the sensor was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Furthermore, by decoupling of the temperature effect from the breathing gas, the response of the sensor due to the temperature alone and due to the chemical components in the breathing gas could be separately evaluated. Finally, bending and cyclic bending tests (10,000 cycles) demonstrated the superior mechanical stability of the flexible breath sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daeho Lee
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (L.D.-A.H.); (V.B.N.)
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33
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Salman D, Ibrahim W, Kanabar A, Joyce A, Zhao B, Singapuri A, Wilde M, Cordell RL, McNally T, Ruszkiewicz D, Hadjithekli A, Free R, Greening N, Gaillard EA, Beardsmore C, Monks P, Brightling C, Siddiqui S, Thomas CLP. The variability of volatile organic compounds in the indoor air of clinical environments. J Breath Res 2021; 16. [PMID: 34724656 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of clinical breath-analysis is confounded by the variability of background volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Reliable interpretation of clinical breath-analysis at individual, and cohort levels requires characterisation of clinical-VOC levels and exposures. Active-sampling with thermal-desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry recorded and evaluated VOC concentrations in 245 samples of indoor air from three sites in a large National Health Service (NHS) provider trust in the UK over 27 months. Data deconvolution, alignment and clustering isolated 7344 features attributable to VOC and described the variability (composition and concentration) of respirable clinical VOC. 328 VOC were observed in more than 5% of the samples and 68 VOC appeared in more than 30% of samples. Common VOC were associated with exogenous and endogenous sources and 17 VOC were identified as seasonal differentiators. The presence of metabolites from the anaesthetic sevoflurane, and putative-disease biomarkers in room air, indicated that exhaled VOC were a source of background-pollution in clinical breath-testing activity. With the exception of solvents, and waxes associated with personal protective equipment (PPE), exhaled VOC concentrations above 3µg m-3are unlikely to arise from room air contamination, and in the absence of extensive survey-data, this level could be applied as a threshold for inclusion in studies, removing a potential environmental confounding-factor in developing breath-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Salman
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Wadah Ibrahim
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Amisha Kanabar
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Joyce
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Amisha Singapuri
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Wilde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Cordell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa McNally
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Dorota Ruszkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Andria Hadjithekli
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Free
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Greening
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Erol A Gaillard
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Beardsmore
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Monks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Brightling
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Salman Siddiqui
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - C L Paul Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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34
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Liang Q, Chan YC, Changala PB, Nesbitt DJ, Ye J, Toscano J. Ultrasensitive multispecies spectroscopic breath analysis for real-time health monitoring and diagnostics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2105063118. [PMID: 34599098 PMCID: PMC8501790 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105063118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breath analysis enables rapid, noninvasive diagnostics, as well as long-term monitoring of human health, through the identification and quantification of exhaled biomarkers. Here, we demonstrate the remarkable capabilities of mid-infrared (mid-IR) cavity-enhanced direct-frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS) applied to breath analysis. We simultaneously detect and monitor as a function of time four breath biomarkers-[Formula: see text]OH, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]O, and HDO-as well as illustrate the feasibility of detecting at least six more ([Formula: see text]CO, [Formula: see text], OCS, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) without modifications to the experimental apparatus. We achieve ultrahigh detection sensitivity at the parts-per-trillion level. This is made possible by the combination of the broadband spectral coverage of a frequency comb, the high spectral resolution afforded by the individual comb teeth, and the sensitivity enhancement resulting from a high-finesse cavity. Exploiting recent advances in frequency comb, optical coating, and photodetector technologies, we can access a large variety of biomarkers with strong carbon-hydrogen-bond spectral signatures in the mid-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhong Liang
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Ya-Chu Chan
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - P Bryan Changala
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard College Observatory and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - David J Nesbitt
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309;
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jutta Toscano
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309;
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
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35
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Hermawan A, Amrillah T, Riapanitra A, Ong W, Yin S. Prospects and Challenges of MXenes as Emerging Sensing Materials for Flexible and Wearable Breath-Based Biomarker Diagnosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100970. [PMID: 34318999 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A fully integrated, flexible, and functional sensing device for exhaled breath analysis drastically transforms conventional medical diagnosis to non-invasive, low-cost, real-time, and personalized health care. 2D materials based on MXenes offer multiple advantages for accurately detecting various breath biomarkers compared to conventional semiconducting oxides. High surface sensitivity, large surface-to-weight ratio, room temperature detection, and easy-to-assemble structures are vital parameters for such sensing devices in which MXenes have demonstrated all these properties both experimentally and theoretically. So far, MXenes-based flexible sensor is successfully fabricated at a lab-scale and is predicted to be translated into clinical practice within the next few years. This review presents a potential application of MXenes as emerging materials for flexible and wearable sensor devices. The biomarkers from exhaled breath are described first, with emphasis on metabolic processes and diseases indicated by abnormal biomarkers. Then, biomarkers sensing performances provided by MXenes families and the enhancement strategies are discussed. The method of fabrications toward MXenes integration into various flexible substrates is summarized. Finally, the fundamental challenges and prospects, including portable integration with Internet-of-Thing (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), are addressed to realize marketization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angga Hermawan
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University 3‐15‐1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386‐8567 Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material (IMRAM) Tohoku University 2‐1‐1 Katahira, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8577 Japan
| | - Tahta Amrillah
- Department of Nanotechnology Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
| | - Anung Riapanitra
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto 53122 Indonesia
| | - Wee‐Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Malaysia Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900 Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT) Xiamen University Malaysia Sepang Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900 Malaysia
| | - Shu Yin
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material (IMRAM) Tohoku University 2‐1‐1 Katahira, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8577 Japan
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36
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van der Sar IG, Wijbenga N, Nakshbandi G, Aerts JGJV, Manintveld OC, Wijsenbeek MS, Hellemons ME, Moor CC. The smell of lung disease: a review of the current status of electronic nose technology. Respir Res 2021; 22:246. [PMID: 34535144 PMCID: PMC8448171 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for timely, accurate diagnosis, and personalised management in lung diseases. Exhaled breath reflects inflammatory and metabolic processes in the human body, especially in the lungs. The analysis of exhaled breath using electronic nose (eNose) technology has gained increasing attention in the past years. This technique has great potential to be used in clinical practice as a real-time non-invasive diagnostic tool, and for monitoring disease course and therapeutic effects. To date, multiple eNoses have been developed and evaluated in clinical studies across a wide spectrum of lung diseases, mainly for diagnostic purposes. Heterogeneity in study design, analysis techniques, and differences between eNose devices currently hamper generalization and comparison of study results. Moreover, many pilot studies have been performed, while validation and implementation studies are scarce. These studies are needed before implementation in clinical practice can be realised. This review summarises the technical aspects of available eNose devices and the available evidence for clinical application of eNose technology in different lung diseases. Furthermore, recommendations for future research to pave the way for clinical implementation of eNose technology are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G van der Sar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Wijbenga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Nakshbandi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J G J V Aerts
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O C Manintveld
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M S Wijsenbeek
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M E Hellemons
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C C Moor
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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37
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Maiti KS, Fill E, Strittmatter F, Volz Y, Sroka R, Apolonski A. Towards reliable diagnostics of prostate cancer via breath. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18381. [PMID: 34526529 PMCID: PMC8443711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of cancer is a key ingredient for saving many lives. Unfortunately, cancers of the urogenital system are difficult to detect at early stage. The existing noninvasive diagnostics of prostate cancer (PCa) suffer from low accuracy (< 70%) even at advanced stages. In an attempt to improve the accuracy, a small breath study of 63 volunteers representing three groups: (1) of 19 healthy, (2) 28 with PCa, (3) with 8 kidney cancer (KC) and 8 bladder cancer (BC) was performed. Ultrabroadband mid-infrared Fourier absorption spectroscopy revealed eight spectral ranges (SRs) that differentiate the groups. The resulting accuracies of supervised analyses exceeded 95% for four SRs in distinguishing (1) vs (2), three for (1) vs (3) and four SRs for (1) vs (2) + (3). The SRs were then attributed to volatile metabolites. Their origin and involvement in urogenital carcinogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Maiti
- Lehrstuhl für Experimental Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - E Fill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - F Strittmatter
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik des Klinikums der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in Grosshadern, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Y Volz
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik des Klinikums der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in Grosshadern, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - R Sroka
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik des Klinikums der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in Grosshadern, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - A Apolonski
- Lehrstuhl für Experimental Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg, Germany. .,Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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38
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Pham YL, Beauchamp J. Breath Biomarkers in Diagnostic Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185514. [PMID: 34576985 PMCID: PMC8468811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of chemical compounds in exhaled human breath presents an opportunity to determine physiological state, diagnose disease or assess environmental exposure. Recent advancements in metabolomics research have led to improved capabilities to explore human metabolic profiles in breath. Despite some notable challenges in sampling and analysis, exhaled breath represents a desirable medium for metabolomics applications, foremost due to its non-invasive, convenient and practically limitless availability. Several breath-based tests that target either endogenous or exogenous gas-phase compounds are currently established and are in practical and/or clinical use. This review outlines the concept of breath analysis in the context of these unique tests and their applications. The respective breath biomarkers targeted in each test are discussed in relation to their physiological production in the human body and the development and implementation of the associated tests. The paper concludes with a brief insight into prospective tests and an outlook of the future direction of breath research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lan Pham
- Department of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Beauchamp
- Department of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Biological metal organic framework (Bio-MOF) for detection of voltaic organic compounds (VOC’s). INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Diana Zhang J, Baker MJ, Liu Z, Mohibul Kabir KM, Kolachalama VB, Yates DH, Donald WA. Medical diagnosis at the point-of-care by portable high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Breath Res 2021; 15:10.1088/1752-7163/ac135e. [PMID: 34252887 PMCID: PMC10422980 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive medical diagnosis by analysing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the point-of-care is becoming feasible owing to recent advances in portable instrumentation. A number of studies have assessed the performance of a state-of-the-art VOC analyser (micro-chip high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry, FAIMS) for medical diagnosis. However, a comprehensive meta-analysis is needed to investigate the overall diagnostic performance of these novel methods across different medical conditions. An electronic search was performed using the CAplus and MEDLINE database through the SciFinder platform. The review identified a total of 23 studies and 2312 individuals. Eighteen studies were used for meta-analysis. A pooled analysis found an overall sensitivity of 80% (95% CI, 74%-85%,I2= 62%), and specificity of 78% (95% CI, 70%-84%,I2= 80%), which corresponds to the overall diagnostic performance of micro-chip FAIMS across many different medical conditions. The diagnostic accuracy was particularly high for coeliac and inflammatory bowel disease (sensitivity and specificity from 74% to 97%). The overall diagnostic performance was similar across breath, urine, and faecal matrices with sparse logistic regression and random forests algorithms resulting in higher diagnostic accuracy. Sources of variability likely arise from differences in sample storage, sampling protocol, method of data analysis, type of disease, sample matrix, and potentially to clinical and disease factors. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that micro-chip FAIMS is a promising candidate for disease screening at the point-of-care, particularly for gastroenterology diseases. This review provides recommendations that should improve the techniques relevant to diagnostic accuracy of future VOC and point-of-care studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Diana Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Merryn J Baker
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Stats Central, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - K M Mohibul Kabir
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Computer Science and Faculty of Computing and Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Deborah H Yates
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital and St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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41
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Room temperature acetone sensing performance of Pt/Sb2O3 impregnated Fe2O3 thin film: Noninvasive diabetes detection. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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42
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Silva LG, Bueno SCE, da Silva MG, Mota L, Sthel MS, de Castro MPP, Santiago Neto RM, Kuba VM. Photoacoustic detection of ammonia exhaled by individuals with chronic kidney disease. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:983-991. [PMID: 34050494 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) has been reported as a breath biomarker for chronic kidney disease (CKD) usually detected at concentrations greater than 0.25 parts per million by volume (ppmV). NH3 was detected in breath of individuals with CKD through gaseous photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). The efficiency of hemodialysis (HD) was demonstrated. Eight volunteers aged between 20 and 60 years and without previous respiratory disease were eligible, among which six were control volunteers (CV) and two volunteers with advanced CKD, named CKDV1 and CKDV2. The presence of CKD was confirmed by the calculation of creatinine clearance (CC) according to the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Before HD, the mean NH3 concentration exhaled by CKDV1 was 0.9 ± 0.1 ppmV and after HD was 0.20 ± 0.03 ppmV, which demonstrated an efficiency of 76% NH3 reduction in breath. The CKDV2 exhaled 1.27 ± 0.03 ppmV of NH3 pre-HD and 0.42 ± 0.08 ppmV post-HD, which resulted in efficiency of about 67%. It was not possible to quantify NH3 from CV, what led us to infer that all of them exhaled amounts below the detection limit, i.e., 0.20 ppmV. This assumption is underpinned by CC, whose values hovered at 90 ≤ CC ≤ 120 mL/ min, confirming normal renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Genuncio Silva
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Sâmylla Cristina Espécie Bueno
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes da Silva
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mota
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Silva Sthel
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Maria Priscila Pessanha de Castro
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | | | - Valeska Mansur Kuba
- Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, Avenida Alberto Torres, 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28035-581, Brazil
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Lassen M, Christensen JB, Balslev-Harder D, Petersen JC. Isotopic gas analysis by means of mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy targeting human exhaled air. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:2907-2911. [PMID: 33798172 DOI: 10.1364/ao.418291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a great need for cost-efficient non-invasive medical diagnostic tools for analyzing humanly exhaled air. Compared to present day methods, photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) can provide a compact and portable (bedside), sensitive and inexpensive solution. We demonstrate a novel portable photoacoustic spectroscopic platform for isotopic measurements of methane (CH4). We identify and discriminate the 12CH4- and 13CH4 isotopologues and determine their mixing ratio. An Allan deviation analysis shows that the noise equivalent concentration for CH4 is 200 ppt (pmol/mol) at 100 s of integration time, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 5.1×10-9Wcm-1Hz-1/2, potentially making the PAS sensor a truly disruptive instrument for bedside monitoring using isotope tracers by providing real-time metabolism data to clinical personnel.
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Khoubnasabjafari M, Mogaddam MRA, Rahimpour E, Soleymani J, Saei AA, Jouyban A. Breathomics: Review of Sample Collection and Analysis, Data Modeling and Clinical Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1461-1487. [PMID: 33691552 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1889961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics research is rapidly gaining momentum in disease diagnosis, on top of other Omics technologies. Breathomics, as a branch of metabolomics is developing in various frontiers, for early and noninvasive monitoring of disease. This review starts with a brief introduction to metabolomics and breathomics. A number of important technical issues in exhaled breath collection and factors affecting the sampling procedures are presented. We review the recent progress in metabolomics approaches and a summary of their applications on the respiratory and non-respiratory diseases investigated by breath analysis. Recent reports on breathomics studies retrieved from Scopus and Pubmed were reviewed in this work. We conclude that analyzing breath metabolites (both volatile and nonvolatile) is valuable in disease diagnoses, and therefore believe that breathomics will turn into a promising noninvasive discipline in biomarker discovery and early disease detection in personalized medicine. The problem of wide variations in the reported metabolite concentrations from breathomics studies should be tackled by developing more accurate analytical methods and sophisticated numerical analytical alogorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleymani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Liver and Gastrointestinal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sport in Town: The Smart Healthy ENV Project, a Pilot Study of Physical Activity with Multiparametric Monitoring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052432. [PMID: 33801395 PMCID: PMC7967572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence links meteorological characteristics and air pollution to physiological responses during sports activities in urban areas with different traffic levels. Objective: The main objective of the Smart Healthy ENV (SHE, “Smart Monitoring Integrated System For A Healthy Urban Environment In Smart Cities”) project was to identify the specific responses of a group of volunteers during physical activity, by monitoring their heart rates and collecting breath samples, combined with data on meteorological determinants and pollution substances obtained through fixed sensor nodes placed along city routes and remotely connected to a dedicated data acquisition server. Methods: Monitoring stations were placed along two urban routes in Pisa, each two km long, with one located within the park beside the Arno river (green route) and the other in a crowded traffic zone (red route). Our sample participants were engaged in sports activities (N = 15, with different levels of ability) and were monitored through wearable sensors. They were first asked to walk back and forth (4 km) and then to run the same route. The experimental sessions were conducted over one day per route. A breath sample was also collected before each test. A questionnaire concerning temperature and fatigue perception was administered for all of the steps of the study over the two days. Results: The heart rates of the participants were monitored in the baseline condition, during walking, and while running, and were correlated with meteorological and pollutant data and with breath composition. Changes in the heart rates and breath composition were detected during the experimental sessions. These variations were related to the physical activity and to the meteorological conditions and air pollution levels. Conclusions: The SHE project can be considered a proof-of-concept study aimed at monitoring physiological and environmental variables during physical activity in urban areas, and can be used in future studies to provide useful information to those involved in sports and the broader community.
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46
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A Short Review of Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Gas Analysis. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051698. [PMID: 33801211 PMCID: PMC7957899 DOI: 10.3390/s21051698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The market of gas sensors is mainly governed by electrochemical, semiconductor, and non-dispersive infrared absorption (NDIR)-based optical sensors. Despite offering a wide range of detectable gases, unknown gas mixtures can be challenging to these sensor types, as appropriate combinations of sensors need to be chosen beforehand, also reducing cross-talk between them. As an optical alternative, Raman spectroscopy can be used, as, in principle, no prior knowledge is needed, covering nearly all gas compounds. Yet, it has the disadvantage of a low quantum yield through a low scattering cross section for gases. There have been various efforts to circumvent this issue by enhancing the Raman yield through different methods. For gases, in particular, cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy shows promising results. Here, cavities can be used to enhance the laser beam power, allowing higher laser beam-analyte interaction lengths, while also providing the opportunity to utilize lower cost equipment. In this work, we review cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, particularly the general research interest into this topic, common setups, and already achieved resolutions.
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Slingers G, Vanden Eede M, Lindekens J, Spruyt M, Goelen E, Raes M, Koppen G. Real-time versus thermal desorption selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry for quantification of breath volatiles. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e8994. [PMID: 33125775 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is versatile, rapidly provides result output and determines a wide range of volatiles, making it suitable for biomedical applications. When direct sampling into the SIFT-MS instrument is impractical, combining thermal desorption (TD) and SIFT-MS might offer a solution as it allows sample storage on sorbent tubes for later analysis. This work compares off-line TD SIFT-MS and real-time SIFT-MS for the quantification of selected breath volatiles. METHODS Ten healthy non-smoking individuals provided 60 breath samples per method. For off-line analysis, breath was collected onto sorbent tubes via a breath sampler provided with filtered inspiratory air. After TD, samples were re-collected in Tedlar bags which were then connected to the SIFT-MS instrument. For real-time analysis, breath was sampled directly into the instrument. In both cases the analytical method included a total of 155 product ions, and 14 selected volatiles were quantified. The agreement between the methods was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Overall, correlations between real-time and off-line analysis were moderate to very strong (r = 0.43-0.92) depending on the volatile of interest, except for 2,3-butanedione and styrene. The difference between real-time and off-line measured breath concentrations (average bias) ranged between -14.57 and 20.48 ppbv. For acetone and isoprene, it was 251.53 and 31.9 ppbv, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Real-time SIFT-MS and off-line TD SIFT-MS for quantification of selected breath volatiles did not show optimal agreement. Analyzing a multitude of analytes in breath via direct exhalation into a SIFT-MS instrument for real-time analysis is challenging. On the other hand, off-line analysis using a breath collection device also has its issues such as possible sample losses due to selective absorption depending on the sorbent used or during desorption and transfer to the instrument. Despite these drawbacks, both methods were moderately well correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Slingers
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, LCRC, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO Health, Boeretang, Mol, 2400, Belgium
- Paediatrics, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart, Hasselt, 3500, Belgium
| | - Martin Vanden Eede
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO Health, Boeretang, Mol, 2400, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein, Edegem, 2650, Belgium
| | - Jill Lindekens
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, LCRC, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Maarten Spruyt
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO Health, Boeretang, Mol, 2400, Belgium
| | - Eddy Goelen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO Health, Boeretang, Mol, 2400, Belgium
| | - Marc Raes
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, LCRC, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- Paediatrics, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart, Hasselt, 3500, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO Health, Boeretang, Mol, 2400, Belgium
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Banga I, Paul A, Sardesai AU, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. M.A.T.H: Methanol vapor analytics through handheld sensing platform. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Lammers A, van Bragt J, Brinkman P, Neerincx A, Bos L, Vijverberg S, Maitland-van der Zee A. Breathomics in Chronic Airway Diseases. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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50
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Adepu V, Bokka N, Mattela V, Sahatiya P. A highly electropositive ReS2 based ultra-sensitive flexible humidity sensor for multifunctional applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00064k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flexible 2D ReS2 based humidity sensor for multifunctional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Adepu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Naveen Bokka
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad
- India
| | | | - Parikshit Sahatiya
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad
- India
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