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Li A, Wang R, Zhao Y, Zhao P, Yang J. Crosstalk between Epigenetics and Metabolic Reprogramming in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A New Sight. Metabolites 2024; 14:325. [PMID: 38921460 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming alterations are two important features of tumors, and their reversible, spatial, and temporal regulation is a distinctive hallmark of carcinogenesis. Epigenetics, which focuses on gene regulatory mechanisms beyond the DNA sequence, is a new entry point for tumor therapy. Moreover, metabolic reprogramming drives hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression, highlighting the significance of metabolism in this disease. Exploring the inter-regulatory relationship between tumor metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modification has become one of the hot directions in current tumor metabolism research. As viral etiologies have given way to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-induced HCC, it is urgent that complex molecular pathways linking them and hepatocarcinogenesis be explored. However, how aberrant crosstalk between epigenetic modifications and metabolic reprogramming affects MASLD-induced HCC lacks comprehensive understanding. A better understanding of their linkages is necessary and urgent to improve HCC treatment strategies. For this reason, this review examines the interwoven landscape of molecular carcinogenesis in the context of MASLD-induced HCC, focusing on mechanisms regulating aberrant epigenetic alterations and metabolic reprogramming in the development of MASLD-induced HCC and interactions between them while also updating the current advances in metabolism and epigenetic modification-based therapeutic drugs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Peiran Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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Bednarski TK, Rahim M, Hasenour CM, Banerjee DR, Trenary IA, Wasserman DH, Young JD. Pharmacological SERCA activation limits diet-induced steatohepatitis and restores liver metabolic function in mice. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100558. [PMID: 38729350 PMCID: PMC11179628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is the most common form of liver disease and poses significant health risks to patients who progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Fatty acid overload alters endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores and induces mitochondrial oxidative stress in hepatocytes, leading to hepatocellular inflammation and apoptosis. Obese mice have impaired liver sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) function, which normally maintains intracellular calcium homeostasis by transporting Ca2+ ions from the cytoplasm to the ER. We hypothesized that restoration of SERCA activity would improve diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice by limiting ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. WT and melanocortin-4 receptor KO (Mc4r-/-) mice were placed on either chow or Western diet (WD) for 8 weeks. Half of the WD-fed mice were administered CDN1163 to activate SERCA, which reduced liver fibrosis and inflammation. SERCA activation also restored glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, improved histological markers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased expression of oxidative stress and ER stress genes. CDN1163 decreased hepatic citric acid cycle flux and liver pyruvate cycling, enhanced expression of mitochondrial respiratory genes, and shifted hepatocellular [NADH]/[NAD+] and [NADPH]/[NADP+] ratios to a less oxidized state, which was associated with elevated PUFA content of liver lipids. In sum, the data demonstrate that pharmacological SERCA activation limits metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression and prevents metabolic dysfunction induced by WD feeding in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz K Bednarski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clinton M Hasenour
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deveena R Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Irina A Trenary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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3
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Praveen Kumar PK, Sundar H, Balakrishnan K, Subramaniam S, Ramachandran H, Kevin M, Michael Gromiha M. The Role of HSP90 and TRAP1 Targets on Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01151-4. [PMID: 38684604 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of liver cancer and arises due to dysregulation of the cell cycle control machinery. Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) and mitochondrial HSP90, also referred to as TRAP1 are important critical chaperone target receptors for early diagnosis and targeting HCC. Both HSP90 and TRAP1 expression was found to be higher in HCC patients. Hence, the importance of HSP90 and TRAP1 inhibitors mechanism and mitochondrial targeted delivery of those inhibitors function is widely studied. This review also focuses on importance of protein-protein interactions of HSP90 and TRAP1 targets and association of its interacting proteins in various pathways of HCC. To further elucidate the mechanism, systems biology approaches and computational biology approach studies are well explored in the association of inhibition of herbal plant molecules with HSP90 and its mitochondrial type in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Harini Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Kamalavarshini Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Sakthivel Subramaniam
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Hemalatha Ramachandran
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - M Kevin
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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Weber S, Unger K, Alunni-Fabbroni M, Hirner-Eppeneder H, Öcal E, Zitzelsberger H, Mayerle J, Malfertheiner P, Ricke J. Metabolomic Analysis of Human Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pilot Study. Dig Dis Sci 2024:10.1007/s10620-024-08446-1. [PMID: 38652389 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular changes in HCC development are largely unknown. As the liver plays a fundamental role in the body's metabolism, metabolic changes are to be expected. AIMS We aimed to identify metabolomic changes in HCC in comparison to liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, which could potentially serve as novel biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS Metabolite expression from 38 HCC from the SORAMIC trial and 32 LC patients were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Metabolites with significant differences between LC and HCC at baseline were analyzed regarding expression over follow-up. In addition, association with overall survival was tested using univariate Cox proportional-hazard analysis. RESULTS 41 metabolites showed differential expression between LC and HCC patients. 14 metabolites demonstrated significant changes in HCC patients during follow-up. Campesterol, lysophosphatidylcholine, octadecenoic and octadecadienoic acid, and furoylglycine showed a differential expression in the local ablation vs. palliative care group. High expression of eight metabolites (octadecenoic acid, 2-hydroxybutyrate, myo-inositol, isocitrate, erythronic acid, creatinine, pseudouridine, and erythrol) were associated with poor overall survival. The association between poor OS and octadecenoic acid and creatinine remained statistically significant even after adjusting for tumor burden and LC severity. CONCLUSION Our findings give promising insides into the metabolic changes during HCC carcinogenesis and provide candidate biomarkers for future studies. Campesterol and furoylglycine in particular were identified as possible biomarkers for HCC progression. Moreover, eight metabolites were detected as predictors for poor overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Weber
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Centre Munich, 85622, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Elif Öcal
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Centre Munich, 85622, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Merenda T, Juszczak F, Ferier E, Duez P, Patris S, Declèves AÉ, Nachtergael A. Natural compounds proposed for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:24. [PMID: 38556609 PMCID: PMC10982245 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents as an intricate condition characterized by a growing prevalence, the often-recommended lifestyle interventions mostly lack high-level evidence of efficacy and there are currently no effective drugs proposed for this indication. The present review delves into NAFLD pathology, its diverse underlying physiopathological mechanisms and the available in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence regarding the use of natural compounds for its management, through three pivotal targets (oxidative stress, cellular inflammation, and insulin resistance). The promising perspectives that natural compounds offer for NAFLD management underscore the need for additional clinical and lifestyle intervention trials. Encouraging further research will contribute to establishing more robust evidence and practical recommendations tailored to patients with varying NAFLD grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théodora Merenda
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Florian Juszczak
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Ferier
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Patris
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Anne-Émilie Declèves
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Amandine Nachtergael
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium.
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García-Carrillo R, Molina-Pelayo FA, Zarate-Lopez D, Cabrera-Aguilar A, Ortega-Domínguez B, Domínguez-López M, Chiquete-Félix N, Dagnino-Acosta A, Velasco-Loyden G, Chávez E, Castro-Sánchez L, de Sánchez VC. An adenosine derivative promotes mitochondrial supercomplexes reorganization and restoration of mitochondria structure and bioenergetics in a diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6348. [PMID: 38491051 PMCID: PMC10943223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is associated with dysfunctional mitochondria and bioenergetics impairment. However, no data about the relationship between mitochondrial supercomplexes (hmwSC) formation and ATP production rates in HCC are available. Our group has developed an adenosine derivative, IFC-305, which improves mitochondrial function, and it has been proposed as a therapeutic candidate for HCC. We aimed to determine the role of IFC-305 on both mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics in a sequential cirrhosis-HCC model in rats. Our results showed that IFC-305 administration decreased the number and size of liver tumors, reduced the expression of tumoral markers, and reestablished the typical architecture of the hepatic parenchyma. The livers of treated rats showed a reduction of mitochondria number, recovery of the mtDNA/nDNA ratio, and mitochondrial length. Also, IFC-305 increased cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine levels and promoted hmwSC reorganization with changes in the expression levels of hmwSC assembly-related genes. IFC-305 in HCC modified the expression of several genes encoding elements of electron transport chain complexes and increased the ATP levels by recovering the complex I, III, and V activity. We propose that IFC-305 restores the mitochondrial bioenergetics in HCC by normalizing the quantity, morphology, and function of mitochondria, possibly as part of its hepatic restorative effect.
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Grants
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- FOP02-2022-02 project 321696 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosendo García-Carrillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México
| | | | - David Zarate-Lopez
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Aguilar
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Bibiana Ortega-Domínguez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariana Domínguez-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Natalia Chiquete-Félix
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Adan Dagnino-Acosta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México
- CONAHCYT-Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México
| | - Gabriela Velasco-Loyden
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Enrique Chávez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Castro-Sánchez
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México.
- CONAHCYT-Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México.
| | - Victoria Chagoya de Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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Lee JH, Lee HS, Jeon S, Lee JH, Kwon YJ. Association between dairy-rich dietary pattern and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Findings from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Dig Liver Dis 2024:S1590-8658(24)00247-0. [PMID: 38336494 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.01.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Dietary components and the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MASLD) are closely linked, but large-scale studies on dietary patterns and MASLD are scarce, most previous studies having focused on individual nutrients or foods rather than overall dietary patterns. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and MASLD in Koreans. METHODS A total of 6,052 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Korean semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire comprising 106 food items. Principal component analysis was used to determine the major dietary patterns. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the incidence of MASLD and dietary patterns. RESULTS Four major dietary patterns, namely carnivore, plant-based, dairy-rich, and starch-rich diet patterns, were identified. The carnivore, plant-based, and starch-rich diet patterns showed no significant association with incident MASLD, while the dairy-rich diet pattern was associated with a lower risk of MASLD, also showing significantly lower cumulative incidence of MASLD in the higher adherence to dairy-rich diet pattern. CONCLUSION The dairy-rich diet pattern was significantly associated with a lower risk of MASLD in Koreans. Appropriate dietary guidance based on dietary patterns is crucial for preventing MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03277, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jeon
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03277, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea.
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Zheng Z, Zhao Y, Yu H, Wang T, Li J, Xu L, Ding C, He L, Wu L, Dong Z. Suppressing MTERF3 inhibits proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma via ROS-mediated p38 MAPK activation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:18. [PMID: 38177713 PMCID: PMC10767110 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transcription termination factor 3 (MTERF3) negatively regulates mitochondrial DNA transcription. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains elusive. Here, we investigate the expression and function of MTERF3 in HCC. MTERF3 is overexpressed in HCC tumor tissues and higher expression of MTERF3 positively correlates with poor overall survival of HCC patients. Knockdown of MTERF3 induces mitochondrial dysfunction, S-G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, resulting in cell proliferation inhibition. In contrast, overexpression of MTERF3 promotes cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Mechanistically, mitochondrial dysfunction induced by MTERF3 knockdown promotes ROS accumulation, activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway to suppress HCC cell proliferation. In conclusion, ROS accumulation induced by MTERF3 knockdown inhibits HCC cell proliferation via p38 MAPK signaling pathway suggesting a promising target in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Youjuan Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjia Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinhai Li
- Department of Liver and Gall Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunming Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan He
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China.
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhixiong Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Tuero C, Becerril S, Ezquerro S, Neira G, Frühbeck G, Rodríguez A. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective role of ghrelin against NAFLD progression. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:833-849. [PMID: 36417140 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms for the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are complex and multifactorial. Within the last years, experimental and clinical evidences support the role of ghrelin in the development of NAFLD. Ghrelin is a gut hormone that plays a major role in the short-term regulation of appetite and long-term regulation of adiposity. The liver constitutes a target for ghrelin, where this gut-derived peptide triggers intracellular pathways regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. Interestingly, circulating ghrelin levels are altered in patients with metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, which, in turn, are well-known risk factors for the pathogenesis of NAFLD. This review summarizes the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective action of ghrelin, including the reduction of hepatocyte lipotoxicity via autophagy and fatty acid β-oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and programmed cell death, the reversibility of the proinflammatory phenotype in Kupffer cells, and the inactivation of hepatic stellate cells. Together, the metabolic and inflammatory pathways regulated by ghrelin in the liver support its potential as a therapeutic target to prevent NAFLD in patients with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Tuero
- Department of General Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Irunlarrea 1, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Ezquerro
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Irunlarrea 1, Spain
| | - Gabriela Neira
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Irunlarrea 1, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Irunlarrea 1, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Irunlarrea 1, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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10
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Elbadawy M, Tanabe K, Yamamoto H, Ishihara Y, Mochizuki M, Abugomaa A, Yamawaki H, Kaneda M, Usui T, Sasaki K. Evaluation of the efficacy of mitochondrial fission inhibitor (Mdivi-1) using non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) liver organoids. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243258. [PMID: 37900170 PMCID: PMC10600465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is known to progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in some patients. Although NASH is associated with abnormal mitochondrial function related to lipid metabolism, mechanisms for the development and effective treatments are still unclear. Therefore, new approaches to elucidate the pathophysiology are needed. In the previous study, we generated liver organoids from different stages of NASH model mice that could recapitulate the part of NASH pathology. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between mitochondrial function and NASH disease by comparing NASH liver organoids (NLO) and control liver organoids (CLO). Compared with CLO, mitochondrial and organoid morphology was abnormal in NLO, with increased expression of mitochondrial mitogen protein, DRP1, and mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Treatment of NLO with a DPR1 inhibitor, Mdivi-1 resulted in the improvement of morphology and the decreased expression of fibrosis-related markers, Col1a1 and Acta2. In addition, treatment of NASH model mice with Mdivi-1 showed a decrease in fatty liver. Mdivi-1 treatment also prevented fibrosis and ROS production in the liver. These results indicate that NLO undergoes enhanced metabolism and abnormal mitochondrial morphology compared with CLO. It was also suggested that Mdivi-1 may be useful as a therapeutic agent to ameliorate NASH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kiwamu Tanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haru Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amira Abugomaa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Arumugam MK, Gopal T, Kalari Kandy RR, Boopathy LK, Perumal SK, Ganesan M, Rasineni K, Donohue TM, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Mechanisms in the Development of Chronic Liver Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1311. [PMID: 37887021 PMCID: PMC10604291 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a major metabolic organ that performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. Any disruption in normal liver function can lead to the development of more severe liver disorders. Overall, about 3 million Americans have some type of liver disease and 5.5 million people have progressive liver disease or cirrhosis, in which scar tissue replaces the healthy liver tissue. An estimated 20% to 30% of adults have excess fat in their livers, a condition called steatosis. The most common etiologies for steatosis development are (1) high caloric intake that causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and (2) excessive alcohol consumption, which results in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). NAFLD is now termed "metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease" (MASLD), which reflects its association with the metabolic syndrome and conditions including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity. ALD represents a spectrum of liver injury that ranges from hepatic steatosis to more advanced liver pathologies, including alcoholic hepatitis (AH), alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC) and acute AH, presenting as acute-on-chronic liver failure. The predominant liver cells, hepatocytes, comprise more than 70% of the total liver mass in human adults and are the basic metabolic cells. Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that are the principal sources of energy in hepatocytes and play a major role in oxidative metabolism and sustaining liver cell energy needs. In addition to regulating cellular energy homeostasis, mitochondria perform other key physiologic and metabolic activities, including ion homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, redox signaling and participation in cell injury/death. Here, we discuss the main mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic liver disease and some treatment strategies available for targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Cancer Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Gopal
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; (T.G.); (L.K.B.)
| | | | - Lokesh Kumar Boopathy
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; (T.G.); (L.K.B.)
| | - Sathish Kumar Perumal
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
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12
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Robea MA, Balmus IM, Girleanu I, Huiban L, Muzica C, Ciobica A, Stanciu C, Cimpoesu CD, Trifan A. Coagulation Dysfunctions in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Relevance. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1614. [PMID: 37763733 PMCID: PMC10535217 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases. Its incidence is progressively rising and it is possibly becoming a worldwide epidemic. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of diseases accounting for the chronic accumulation of fat within the hepatocytes due to various causes, excluding excessive alcohol consumption. In this study, we aimed to focus on finding evidence regarding the implications of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes that form the multifaceted pathophysiological tableau in relation to thrombotic events that co-occur in NAFLD and associated chronic liver diseases. Recent evidence on the pathophysiology of NAFLD suggests that a complex pattern of multidirectional components, such as prooxidative, proinflammatory, and prothrombotic components, better explains the multiple factors that promote the mechanisms underlying the fatty acid excess and subsequent processes. As there is extensive evidence on the multi-component nature of NAFLD pathophysiology, further studies could address the complex interactions that underlie the development and progression of the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to describe possible pathophysiological mechanisms connecting the molecular impairments with the various clinical manifestations, focusing especially on the interactions among oxidative stress, inflammation, and coagulation dysfunctions. Thus, we described the possible bidirectional modulation among coagulation homeostasis, oxidative stress, and inflammation that occurs in the various stages of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Andreea Robea
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.R.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.R.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.C.)
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Alexandru Lapusneanu Street, No. 26, 700057 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Girleanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Huiban
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Muzica
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Avenue, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei nr. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Carol Stanciu
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Avenue, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Carmen Diana Cimpoesu
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.R.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency County Hospital “Sf. Spiridon”, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, Blvd. Independentei 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Trifan
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Avenue, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
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13
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Allameh A, Niayesh-Mehr R, Aliarab A, Sebastiani G, Pantopoulos K. Oxidative Stress in Liver Pathophysiology and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1653. [PMID: 37759956 PMCID: PMC10525124 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an organ that is particularly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which not only arise during metabolic functions but also during the biotransformation of xenobiotics. The disruption of redox balance causes oxidative stress, which affects liver function, modulates inflammatory pathways and contributes to disease. Thus, oxidative stress is implicated in acute liver injury and in the pathogenesis of prevalent infectious or metabolic chronic liver diseases such as viral hepatitis B or C, alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Moreover, oxidative stress plays a crucial role in liver disease progression to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we provide an overview on the effects of oxidative stress on liver pathophysiology and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress promotes liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Reyhaneh Niayesh-Mehr
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Azadeh Aliarab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Chronic Viral Illness Services, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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14
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Mansur F, Arshad T, Liska V, Manzoor S. Interleukin-22 promotes the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08542-x. [PMID: 37264148 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine released during the immune response in chronic liver injury. Although IL-22 mediates tissue regeneration, its uncontrolled production may generate a carcinogenic environment resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to identify the effect of IL-22 on anti-apoptotic and metastatic genes and the molecular pathways responsible for IL-22-mediated hepatic carcinogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Three cancerous liver lines, HepG2, SNU-387, Huh7, and one normal liver line, THLE2, were treated with IL-22. RT-qPCR analysis was conducted to study the role of IL-22 in altering the expression levels of anti-apoptotic genes, MCL-1 and BCL-2, and metastatic genes, MMP-7 and MMP-9. A significant increase in expression levels of these genes was observed after IL-22 treatment. Furthermore, to explore the major pathways involved in IL-22-mediated upregulation of anti-apoptotic and metastatic genes, cells were treated with inhibitors of JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways along with IL-22. Resultantly, a significant decrease in expression levels of target genes was observed, indicating the involvement of JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT signaling cascades in IL-22-mediated oncogenesis. Finally, Cell Scratch assay was performed to check the effect of IL-22 and inhibitors of JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT on the metastatic potential of liver cells. While migration was observed in Huh7 and THLE2 cells treated with IL-22, no migration was observed in cells treated with IL-22 along with JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT inhibitors. Results indicate that IL-22 encourages metastasis in HCC cells via the JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways. CONCLUSION Results showed that IL-22 upregulates anti-apoptotic and metastatic genes in HCC through JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizzah Mansur
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanzeela Arshad
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
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15
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Manilla V, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Liver Disease: Across the Gut-Liver Axis from Fibrosis to Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112521. [PMID: 37299482 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widespread disease worldwide, and is one of the cornerstones of metabolic syndrome. The existence of a strong relationship between diabetes and the progression of liver fibrosis has been demonstrated by several studies, using invasive and noninvasive techniques. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) show faster progression of fibrosis than patients without diabetes. Many confounding factors make it difficult to determine the exact mechanisms involved. What we know so far is that both liver fibrosis and T2DM are expressions of metabolic dysfunction, and we recognize similar risk factors. Interestingly, both are promoted by metabolic endotoxemia, a low-grade inflammatory condition caused by increased endotoxin levels and linked to intestinal dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability. There is broad evidence on the role of the gut microbiota in the progression of liver disease, through both metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms. Therefore, dysbiosis that is associated with diabetes can act as a modifier of the natural evolution of NAFLD. In addition to diet, hypoglycemic drugs play an important role in this scenario, and their benefit is also the result of effects exerted in the gut. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that explain why diabetic patients show a more rapid progression of liver disease up to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), focusing especially on those involving the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Manilla
- Digestive Disease Center-CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Digestive Disease Center-CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center-CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Digestive Disease Center-CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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16
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Verma S, Sahu BD, Mugale MN. Role of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2023; 325:121751. [PMID: 37169145 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the deadliest cancer in human malignancies. It is the most common and severe type of primary liver cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a new kind of RNA and epigenetic factors, play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and the progression of HCC. LncRNAs are capable of promoting the autophagy, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells by targeting and modulating the expression of downstream genes in signaling pathways related to cancer; these transcripts modify the activity and expression of various tumor suppressors and oncogenes. LncRNAs could act as biomarkers for treatment approaches such as immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery to effectively treat HCC patients. Improved knowledge regarding the aetiology of HCC may result from an advanced understanding of lncRNAs. Enhanced oxidative stress in the mitochondrial and Endoplasmic reticulum leads to the activation of unfolded protein response pathway that plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. The mutual regulation between LncRNAs and Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cancer and simultaneous activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway determines the fate of tumor cells in HCC. Mitochondria-associated lncRNAs work as essential components of several gene regulatory networks; abnormal regulation of mitochondria-associated lncRNAs may lead to oncogenesis, which provides further insight into the understanding of tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Verma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bidhya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, Assam, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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17
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. The Effect of Bioactive Aliment Compounds and Micronutrients on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040903. [PMID: 37107278 PMCID: PMC10136128 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current review, we focused on identifying aliment compounds and micronutrients, as well as addressed promising bioactive nutrients that may interfere with NAFLD advance and ultimately affect this disease progress. In this regard, we targeted: 1. Potential bioactive nutrients that may interfere with NAFLD, specifically dark chocolate, cocoa butter, and peanut butter which may be involved in decreasing cholesterol concentrations. 2. The role of sweeteners used in coffee and other frequent beverages; in this sense, stevia has proven to be adequate for improving carbohydrate metabolism, liver steatosis, and liver fibrosis. 3. Additional compounds were shown to exert a beneficial action on NAFLD, namely glutathione, soy lecithin, silymarin, Aquamin, and cannabinoids which were shown to lower the serum concentration of triglycerides. 4. The effects of micronutrients, especially vitamins, on NAFLD. Even if most studies demonstrate the beneficial role of vitamins in this pathology, there are exceptions. 5. We provide information regarding the modulation of the activity of some enzymes related to NAFLD and their effect on this disease. We conclude that NAFLD can be prevented or improved by different factors through their involvement in the signaling, genetic, and biochemical pathways that underlie NAFLD. Therefore, exposing this vast knowledge to the public is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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18
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Yin X, Guo X, Liu Z, Wang J. Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032844. [PMID: 36769165 PMCID: PMC9917647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global adult population, posing a significant threat to human health with wide-ranging social and economic implications. The main characteristic of NAFLD is considered that the excessive fat is accumulated and deposited in hepatocytes without excess alcohol intake or some other pathological causes. NAFLD is a progressive disease, ranging from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, and death. Therefore, NAFLD will probably emerge as the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades. Unlike other highly prevalent diseases, NAFLD has received little attention from the global public health community. Liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and staging of NAFLD because of the absence of noninvasive and specific biomarkers. Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of NAFLD and the heterogeneity of the disease phenotype, no specific pharmacological therapies have been approved for NAFLD at present, although several drugs are in advanced stages of development. This review summarizes the current evidence on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zuojia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-3400, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.)
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19
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Paolini E, Longo M, Corsini A, Dongiovanni P. The Non-Invasive Assessment of Circulating D-Loop and mt-ccf Levels Opens an Intriguing Spyhole into Novel Approaches for the Tricky Diagnosis of NASH. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032331. [PMID: 36768654 PMCID: PMC9916898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest liver disease worldwide affecting both adults and children. Nowadays, no therapeutic strategies have been approved for NAFLD management, and hepatic biopsy remains the gold standard procedure for its diagnosis. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease whose pathogenesis is affected by environmental and genetic factors, and it covers a spectrum of conditions ranging from simple steatosis up to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several studies underlined the urgent need to develop an NAFLD risk prediction model based on genetics, biochemical indicators, and metabolic disorders. The loss of mitochondrial dynamics represents a typical feature of progressive NAFLD. The imbalance of mitochondrial lifecycle together with the impairment of mitochondrial biomass and function trigger oxidative stress, which in turn damages mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We recently demonstrated that the main genetic predictors of NAFLD led to mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, emerging evidence shows that variations in the displacement loop (D-loop) region impair mtDNA replication, and they have been associated with advanced NAFLD. Finally, lower levels of mitophagy foster the overload of damaged mitochondria, resulting in the release of cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA (mt-ccf) that exacerbates liver injury. Thus, in this review we summarized what is known about D-loop region alterations and mt-ccf content during NAFLD to propose them as novel non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Paolini
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5503-3467; Fax: +39-02-5032-0296
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20
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Robinson AE, Binek A, Ramani K, Sundararaman N, Barbier-Torres L, Murray B, Venkatraman V, Kreimer S, Ardle AM, Noureddin M, Fernández-Ramos D, Lopitz-Otsoa F, Gutiérrez de Juan V, Millet O, Mato JM, Lu SC, Van Eyk JE. Hyperphosphorylation of hepatic proteome characterizes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in S-adenosylmethionine deficiency. iScience 2023; 26:105987. [PMID: 36756374 PMCID: PMC9900401 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine adenosyltransferase 1a (MAT1A) is responsible for hepatic S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) biosynthesis. Mat1a -/- mice have hepatic SAMe depletion, develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which is reversed with SAMe administration. We examined temporal alterations in the proteome/phosphoproteome in pre-disease and NASH Mat1a -/- mice, effects of SAMe administration, and compared to human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mitochondrial and peroxisomal lipid metabolism proteins were altered in pre-disease mice and persisted in NASH Mat1a -/- mice, which exhibited more progressive alterations in cytoplasmic ribosomes, ER, and nuclear proteins. A common mechanism found in both pre-disease and NASH livers was a hyperphosphorylation signature consistent with casein kinase 2α (CK2α) and AKT1 activation, which was normalized by SAMe administration. This was mimicked in human NAFLD with a metabolomic signature (M-subtype) resembling Mat1a -/- mice. In conclusion, we have identified a common proteome/phosphoproteome signature between Mat1a -/- mice and human NAFLD M-subtype that may have pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron E. Robinson
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Aleksandra Binek
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Komal Ramani
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Niveda Sundararaman
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lucía Barbier-Torres
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ben Murray
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Simion Kreimer
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Angela Mc Ardle
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - David Fernández-Ramos
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Virginia Gutiérrez de Juan
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José M. Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Shelly C. Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Corresponding author
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21
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Ahmed EA, El-Derany MO, Anwar AM, Saied EM, Magdeldin S. Metabolomics and Lipidomics Screening Reveal Reprogrammed Signaling Pathways toward Cancer Development in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010210. [PMID: 36613653 PMCID: PMC9820351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), identifying new metabolic readouts that function in metabolic pathway perpetuation is still a demand. The study aimed to compare the metabolic signature between NASH and NASH-HCC patients to explore novel reprogrammed metabolic pathways that might modulate cancer progression in NASH patients. NASH and NASH-HCC patients were recruited and screened for metabolomics, and isotope-labeled lipidomics were targeted and profiled using the EXION-LCTM system equipped with a Triple-TOFTM 5600+ system. Results demonstrated significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher levels of triacylglycerol, AFP, AST, and cancer antigen 19-9 in NASH-HCC than in NASH patients, while prothrombin time, platelet count, and total leukocyte count were decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Serum metabolic profiling showed a panel of twenty metabolites with 10% FDR and p ≤ 0.05 in both targeted and non-targeted analysis that could segregate NASH-HCC from NASH patients. Pathway analysis revealed that the metabolites are implicated in the down-regulation of necroptosis, amino acid metabolism, and regulation of lipid metabolism by PPAR-α, biogenic amine synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and the mTOR signaling pathway. Cholesterol metabolism, DNA repair, methylation pathway, bile acid, and salts metabolism were significantly upregulated in NASH-HCC compared to the NASH group. Metabolite-protein interactions network analysis clarified a set of well-known protein encoding genes that play crucial roles in cancer, including PEMT, IL4I1, BAAT, TAT, CDKAL1, NNMT, PNP, NOS1, and AHCYL. Taken together, reliable metabolite fingerprints are presented and illustrated in a detailed map for the most predominant reprogrammed metabolic pathways that target HCC development from NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Ahmed
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Marwa O. El-Derany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ali Mostafa Anwar
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Essa M. Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-(10)-64962210
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22
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Abulikemu A, Zhao X, Xu H, Li Y, Ma R, Yao Q, Wang J, Sun Z, Li Y, Guo C. Silica nanoparticles aggravated the metabolic associated fatty liver disease through disturbed amino acid and lipid metabolisms-mediated oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102569. [PMID: 36512914 PMCID: PMC9763688 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a public health challenge, leading to a global increase in chronic liver disease. The respiratory exposure of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) has revealed to induce hepatotoxicity. However, its role in the pathogenesis and progression of MAFLD was severely under-studied. In this context, the hepatic impacts of SiNPs were investigated in vivo and in vitro through using ApoE-/- mice and free fatty acid (FFA)-treated L02 hepatocytes. Histopathological examinations and biochemical analysis showed SiNPs exposure via intratracheal instillation aggravated hepatic steatosis, lipid vacuolation, inflammatory infiltration and even collagen deposition in ApoE-/- mice, companied with increased hepatic ALT, AST and LDH levels. The enhanced fatty acid synthesis and inhibited fatty acid β-oxidation and lipid efflux may account for the increased hepatic TC/TG by SiNPs. Consistently, SiNPs induced lipid deposition and elevated TC in FFA-treated L02 cells. Further, the activation of hepatic oxidative stress was detected in vivo and in vitro, as evidenced by ROS accumulation, elevated MDA, declined GSH/GSSG and down-regulated Nrf2 signaling. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was also triggered in response to SiNPs-induced lipid accumulation, as reflecting by the remarkable ER expansion and increased BIP expression. More importantly, an UPLC-MS-based metabolomics analysis revealed that SiNPs disturbed the hepatic metabolic profile in ApoE-/- mice, prominently on amino acids and lipid metabolisms. In particular, the identified differential metabolites were strongly correlated to the activation of oxidative stress and ensuing hepatic TC/TG accumulation and liver injuries, contributing to the progression of liver diseases. Taken together, our study showed SiNPs promoted hepatic steatosis and liver damage, resulting in the aggravation of MAFLD progression. More importantly, the disturbed amino acids and lipid metabolisms-mediated oxidative stress was a key contributor to this phenomenon from a metabolic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimire Abulikemu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xinying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hailin Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ru Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Caixia Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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23
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Fierbinteanu-Braticevici C, Calin-Necula AM, Enciu VT, Goran L, Pantea Stoian A, Ancuta I, Viasu O, Moldoveanu AC. The Role of Noninvasive 13C-Octanoate Breath Test in Assessing the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122935. [PMID: 36552942 PMCID: PMC9777050 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of NASH needs a liver biopsy, an invasive procedure that is not frequently accepted by patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the 13C-Octanoate breath test (OBT) as a non-invasive surrogate marker to differentiate patients with NASH from patients with simple steatosis (NAFL). METHODS We performed a prospective study on patients with histologically established non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and no other hepatic disease. Each patient underwent a testing protocol, which included a clinical exam, laboratory blood tests, standard abdominal ultrasound, and a 13C-Octanoate breath test. RESULTS The study group included: 82 patients with steatohepatitis, 64 patients with simple steatosis, and 21 healthy volunteers. The univariate and bivariate analysis identified that significant values were the percent dose recovery (PDR) at 15 min-r = 0.65 (AUROC = 0.902) and cumulative percent dose recovery (cPDR) at 120 min-r = 0.69 (AUROC = 0.899). DISCUSSION Our study showed that 13C-OBT had good efficacy for identifying patients with NASH from those with NAFL (steatosis alone) but not those with NAFL from healthy subjects. Considering all these pathogenic steps in NASH we considered that OBT could have the clinical utility to identify patients at risk for NASH, especially "fast progressors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fierbinteanu-Braticevici
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Calin-Necula
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Vlad-Teodor Enciu
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Goran
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. N. C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioan Ancuta
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr. I. Cantacuzino Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octav Viasu
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Constantin Moldoveanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Legaki AI, Moustakas II, Sikorska M, Papadopoulos G, Velliou RI, Chatzigeorgiou A. Hepatocyte Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics in Obesity-Related Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:126-143. [PMID: 35501558 PMCID: PMC9399061 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a considerable number of disorders, such as neurodegeneration, cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, including obesity-related insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo functional and structural adaptations to meet the metabolic requirements of the cell. Alterations in nutrient availability or cellular energy needs can modify their formation through biogenesis and the opposite processes of fission and fusion, the fragmentation, and connection of mitochondrial network areas respectively. Herein, we review and discuss the current literature on the significance of mitochondrial adaptations in obesity and metabolic dysregulation, emphasizing on the role of hepatocyte mitochondrial flexibility in obesity and NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics dysregulations to the emergence of NAFLD and its progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Most relevant data suggests that changes in liver mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics hold a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. During obesity and NAFLD, oxidative stress occurs due to the excessive production of ROS, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. As a result, mitochondria become incompetent and uncoupled from respiratory chain activities, further promoting hepatic fat accumulation, while leading to liver inflammation, insulin resistance, and disease's deterioration. Elucidation of the mechanisms leading to dysfunctional mitochondrial activity of the hepatocytes during NAFLD is of predominant importance for the development of novel therapeutic approaches towards the treatment of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli-Ioanna Legaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis I. Moustakas
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michalina Sikorska
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigorios Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rallia-Iliana Velliou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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25
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Hughey CC, Puchalska P, Crawford PA. Integrating the contributions of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to lipotoxicity and inflammation in NAFLD pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Identifying a Novel Endoplasmic Reticulum-Related Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinomas. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8248355. [PMID: 35915607 PMCID: PMC9338738 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8248355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
From the standpoint of the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), we were interested in identifying hub genes that impact clinical prognosis for HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) patients and developing an ER-related prognostic model. Using TCGA-LIHC (The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma) and GSE14520 datasets, we conducted a series of analyses, which included differential gene screening, clinical prognostic analysis, Lasso regression, nomogram prediction, tumour clustering, gene functional enrichment, and tumour infiltration of immune cells. Following our screening for ER-related genes (
), we conducted a Lasso regression model to obtain five hub genes, KPNA2, FMO3, SPP1, KIF2C, and LPCAT1, using TCGA-LIHC as a training set. According to risk scores, HCC samples within either the TCGG-LIHC or GSE14520 cohort were categorized into high- and low-risk groups. Compared to the high-risk group of HCC patients, patients in the low-risk group had a better prognosis of OS (overall survival) or RFS (relapse-free survival). For TCGA-LIHC training set, with the factors of risk score, stage, age, and sex, we plotted a nomogram for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival predictions. Our model demonstrated better clinical validity in both TCGA-LIHC and GSE14520 cohorts. Additionally, events related to biological enzyme activity, biological metabolic processes, or the cell cycle were associated with the prognostic risk of ER. Furthermore, two HCC prognosis-associated tumour clusters were identified by ER hub gene-based consensus clustering. Our findings indicated a link between ER prognostic signature-related high/low risk and tumour infiltration levels of several immune cells, such as “macrophages M2/M0” and “regulatory T cells (Tregs).” Overall, we developed a novel ER-related clinical prognostic model for HCC patients.
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27
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NAFLD: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060824. [PMID: 35740949 PMCID: PMC9221336 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is one of the most common causes of liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD is growing in parallel with the obesity epidemic. No pharmacological treatment is available to treat NAFLD, specifically. The reason might be that NAFLD is a multi-factorial disease with an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms involved, an absence of accurate and inexpensive imaging tools, and lack of adequate non-invasive biomarkers. NAFLD consists of the accumulation of excess lipids in the liver, causing lipotoxicity that might progress to metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms for the pathogenesis of NAFLD, current interventions in the management of the disease, and the role of sirtuins as potential targets for treatment are discussed here. In addition, the current diagnostic tools, and the role of non-coding RNAs as emerging diagnostic biomarkers are summarized. The availability of non-invasive biomarkers, and accurate and inexpensive non-invasive diagnosis tools are crucial in the detection of the early signs in the progression of NAFLD. This will expedite clinical trials and the validation of the emerging therapeutic treatments.
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28
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Ru L, Wang XM, Niu JQ. The miR-23-27-24 cluster: an emerging target in NAFLD pathogenesis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1167-1179. [PMID: 34893685 PMCID: PMC9061717 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally, being the most widespread form of chronic liver disease in the west. NAFLD includes a variety of disease states, the mildest being non-alcoholic fatty liver that gradually progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Small non-coding single-stranded microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the miRNA or translational level. Numerous miRNAs have been shown to promote NAFLD pathogenesis and progression through increasing lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation. The miR-23-27-24 clusters, composed of miR-23a-27a-24-2 and miR-23b-27b-24-1, have been implicated in various biological processes as well as many diseases. Herein, we review the current knowledge on miR-27, miR-24, and miR-23 in NAFLD pathogenesis and discuss their potential significance in NAFLD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ru
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Xiao-mei Wang
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China ,grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Jun-qi Niu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China ,grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
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Kanazawa J, Kakisaka K, Suzuki Y, Yonezawa T, Abe H, Wang T, Takikawa Y. Excess fructose enhances oleatic cytotoxicity via reactive oxygen species production and causes necroptosis in hepatocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mitochondrial-Related Transcriptome Feature Correlates with Prognosis, Vascular Invasion, Tumor Microenvironment, and Treatment Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1592905. [PMID: 35535359 PMCID: PMC9078845 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1592905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common subtype of primary liver cancer, which was highly correlated with metabolic dysfunction. Nevertheless, the association between nuclear mitochondrial-related transcriptome and HCC remained unclear. Materials and Methods A total of 147 nuclear mitochondrial-related genes (NMRGs) were downloaded from the MITOMAP: A Human Mitochondrial Genome Database. The training dataset was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), while validation datasets were retrieved from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The univariate and multivariate, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses were applied to construct a NMRG signature, and the value of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was utilized to assess the signature and nomogram. Then, data from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) were used for the evaluation of chemotherapy response in HCC. Results Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and paired normal tissue samples demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction was significantly associated with HCC development. Survival analysis showed a total of 35 NMRGs were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) of HCC, and the LASSO Cox regression analysis further identified a 25-NMRG signature and corresponding prognosis score based on their transcriptional profiling. HCC patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the median prognosis score, and high-risk patients had significantly worse OS (median OS: 27.50 vs. 83.18 months, P < 0.0001). The AUC values for OS at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.79, 0.77, and 0.77, respectively. The prognostic capacity of NMRG signature was verified in the GSE14520 dataset and ICGC-HCC cohort. Besides, the NMRG signature outperformed each NMRG and clinical features in prognosis prediction and could also differentiate whether patients presented with vascular invasions (VIs) or not. Subsequently, a prognostic nomogram (C-index: 0.753, 95% CI: 0.703~0.804) by the integration of age, tumor metastasis, and NMRG prognosis score was constructed with the AUC values for OS at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.82, 0.81, and 0.82, respectively. Notably, significant enrichment of regulatory and follicular helper T cells in high-risk group indicated the potential treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors for these patients. Interestingly, the NMRG signature could also identify the potential responders of sorafenib or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. Additionally, HCC patients in high-risk group appeared to be more sensitive to cisplatin, vorinostat, and methotrexate, reversely, patients in low-risk group had significantly higher sensitivity to paclitaxel and bleomycin instead. Conclusions In summary, the development of NMRG signature provided a more comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in HCC, helped predict prognosis and tumor microenvironment, and provided potential targeted therapies for HCC patients with different NMRG prognosis scores.
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Balkrishna A, Gohel V, Kumari P, Manik M, Bhattacharya K, Dev R, Varshney A. Livogrit Prevents Methionine-Cystine Deficiency Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Modulation of Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Hepatocyte-Derived Spheroid and in Primary Rat Hepatocytes. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10811-10826. [PMID: 35485140 PMCID: PMC9208489 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2065789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by fatty liver, oxidative injury, and inflammation, has considerably increased in the recent years. Due to the complexity of NASH pathogenesis, compounds which can target different mechanisms and stages of NASH development are required. A robust screening model with translational capability is also required to develop therapies targeting NASH. In this study, we used HepG2 spheroids and rat primary hepatocytes to evaluate the potency of Livogrit, a tri-herbal Ayurvedic prescription medicine, as a hepatoprotective agent. NASH was developed in the cells via methionine and cystine-deficient cell culture media. Livogrit at concentration of 30 µg/mL was able to prevent NASH development by decreasing lipid accumulation, ROS production, AST release, NFκB activation and increasing lipolysis, GSH (reduced glutathione), and mitochondrial membrane potential. This study suggests that Livogrit might reduce the lipotoxicity-mediated ROS generation and subsequent production of inflammatory mediators as evident from the increased gene expression of FXR, FGF21, CHOP, CXCL5, and their normalization due to Livogrit treatment. Taken together, Livogrit showed the potential as a multimodal therapeutic formulation capable of attenuating the development of NASH. Our study highlights the potential of Livogrit as a hepatoprotective agent with translational possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India.,Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Haridwar, India.,Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vivek Gohel
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Priya Kumari
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Moumita Manik
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India.,Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Haridwar, India.,Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Torres S, Segalés P, García-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC. Mitochondria and the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cells 2022; 11:1475. [PMID: 35563780 PMCID: PMC9105698 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic (ASH) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are advanced stages of fatty liver disease and two of the most prevalent forms of chronic liver disease. ASH and NASH are associated with significant risk of further progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, and a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite extensive research and progress in the last decades to elucidate the mechanisms of the development of ASH and NASH, the pathogenesis of both diseases is still poorly understood. Mitochondrial damage and activation of inflammasome complexes have a role in inducing and sustaining liver damage. Mitochondrial dysfunction produces inflammatory factors that activate the inflammasome complexes. NLRP3 inflammasome (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3) is a multiprotein complex that activates caspase 1 and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), and contributes to inflammatory pyroptotic cell death. The present review, which is part of the issue "Mitochondria in Liver Pathobiology", provides an overview of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 activation in ASH and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Torres
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.T.); (P.S.)
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Segalés
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.T.); (P.S.)
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.T.); (P.S.)
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - José C. Fernández-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.T.); (P.S.)
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Mooli RGR, Mukhi D, Ramakrishnan SK. Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Liver Diseases. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3167-3192. [PMID: 35578969 PMCID: PMC10074426 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased production of derivatives of molecular oxygen and nitrogen in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) lead to molecular damage called oxidative stress. Under normal physiological conditions, the ROS generation is tightly regulated in different cells and cellular compartments. Any disturbance in the balance between the cellular generation of ROS and antioxidant balance leads to oxidative stress. In this article, we discuss the sources of ROS (endogenous and exogenous) and antioxidant mechanisms. We also focus on the pathophysiological significance of oxidative stress in various cell types of the liver. Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of various liver diseases. We narrate the master regulators of ROS-mediated signaling and their contribution to liver diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are influenced by a "multiple parallel-hit model" in which oxidative stress plays a central role. We highlight the recent findings on the role of oxidative stress in the spectrum of NAFLD, including fibrosis and liver cancer. Finally, we provide a brief overview of oxidative stress biomarkers and their therapeutic applications in various liver-related disorders. Overall, the article sheds light on the significance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3167-3192, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mitochondrial fission factor promotes cisplatin resistancein hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:301-310. [PMID: 35538029 PMCID: PMC9828151 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Chemotherapeutic agents/regimens such as cisplatin (DDP) are frequently used for advanced HCC treatment. However, drug resistance remains a major hindrance and the underline mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and function of mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) in cisplatin-resistant HCC. We found that Mff is highly expressed in cisplatin-resistant HCC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of Mff suppresses cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis of HCC/DDP cells. In addition, knockdown of Mff sensitizes Huh-7/DDP cells to cisplatin treatment, inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and enhances cell apoptosis. Confocal imaging showed that knockdown of Mff inhibits the mitochondrial fission and downregulates the expression of GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in cisplatin-resistant Huh-7/DDP cells. Moreover, xenograft tumor model revealed that knockdown of Mff sensitizes Huh-7/DDP xenograft tumor to cisplatin treatment . In summary, our findings suggest that Mff regulates mitochondrial Drp1 expression and promotes cisplatin resistance in HCC, which provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of resistant HCC.
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Burlone ME, Bellan M, Barbaglia MN, Mocchetti G, Mallela VR, Minisini R, Rigamonti C, Pirisi M. HSD17B13 and other liver fat-modulating genes predict development of hepatocellular carcinoma among HCV-positive cirrhotics with and without viral clearance after DAA treatment. Clin J Gastroenterol 2022; 15:301-309. [PMID: 35098490 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic predisposition to accumulate liver fat (expressed by a polygenic risk score, GRS, based on the number of at-risk alleles of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7 and GCKR) may influence the probability of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatitis C treatment. Whether this holds true taking into account carriage of the HSD17B13:TA splice variant, also affecting lipogenesis, and achievement of viral clearance (SVR), is unknown. METHODS PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, GCKR and HSD17B13 variants were determined in a cohort of 328 cirrhotic patients free of HCC before starting treatment with direct acting antivirals (DAA). RESULTS SVR in the study cohort was 96%. At the end of follow-up, N = 21 patients had been diagnosed an HCC; none of the genes included in the GRS was individually associated with HCC development. However, in a Cox proportional hazards model, a GRS > 0.457 predicted HCC independently of sex, diabetes, albumin, INR and FIB4. The fit of the model improved adding treatment outcome and carriage of the HSD17B13:TA splice variant, with sex, GRS > 0.457, HSD17B13:TA splice variant and failure to achieve an SVR (hazard ratio = 6.75, 4.24, 0.24 and 7.7, respectively) being independent predictors of HCC. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that genes modulating liver fat and lipogenesis are important risk factors for HCC development among cirrhotics C treated with DAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela E Burlone
- Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Maggiore Della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Maggiore Della Carità", Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Matteo N Barbaglia
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ginevra Mocchetti
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Venkata R Mallela
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Rigamonti
- Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Maggiore Della Carità", Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Maggiore Della Carità", Novara, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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Pindozzi F, Socci C, Bissolati M, Marchi M, Devecchi E, Saibene A, Conte C. Role of nutritional ketosis in the improvement of metabolic parameters following bariatric surgery. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:54-64. [PMID: 35070059 PMCID: PMC8771267 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketone bodies (KB) might act as potential metabolic modulators besides serving as energy substrates. Bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS) offers a unique opportunity to study nutritional ketosis, as acute postoperative caloric restriction leads to increased lipolysis and circulating free fatty acids.
AIM To characterize the relationship between KB production, weight loss (WL) and metabolic changes following BMS.
METHODS For this retrospective study we enrolled male and female subjects aged 18-65 years who underwent BMS at a single Institution. Data on demographics, anthropometrics, body composition, laboratory values and urinary KB were collected.
RESULTS Thirty-nine patients had data available for analyses [74.4% women, mean age 46.5 ± 9.0 years, median body mass index 41.0 (38.5; 45.4) kg/m2, fat mass 45.2% ± 6.2%, 23.1% had diabetes, 43.6% arterial hypertension and 74.4% liver steatosis]. At 46.0 ± 13.6 d post-surgery, subjects had lost 12.0% ± 3.6% of pre-operative weight. Sixty-nine percent developed ketonuria. Those with nutritional ketosis were significantly younger [42.9 (37.6; 50.7) years vs 51.9 (48.3; 59.9) years, P = 0.018], and had significantly lower fasting glucose [89.5 (82.5; 96.3) mg/dL vs 96.0 (91.0; 105.3) mg/dL, P = 0.025] and triglyceride levels [108.0 (84.5; 152.5) mg/dL vs 152.0 (124.0; 186.0) mg/dL, P = 0.045] vs those with ketosis. At 6 mo, percent WL was greater in those with postoperative ketosis (-27.5% ± 5.1% vs 23.8% ± 4.3%, P = 0.035). Urinary KBs correlated with percent WL at 6 and 12 mo. Other metabolic changes were similar.
CONCLUSION Our data support the hypothesis that subjects with worse metabolic status have reduced ketogenic capacity and, thereby, exhibit a lower WL following BMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fioralba Pindozzi
- Unità di Chirurgia Generale Provinciale, Ospedale del Delta, Lagosanto (FE) 44023, Italy
| | - Carlo Socci
- Transplant and Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bissolati
- Transplant and Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Monica Marchi
- Department of General Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Devecchi
- Department of General Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saibene
- Department of General Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome 00166, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
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Zhang C, Yang M. Molecular targets regulating endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria crosstalk for NAFLD treatment. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the most common chronic liver disease poses a significant impact on public healthcare and economic risk worldwide. As a multifactorial disease, NAFLD is usually associated with many comorbidities such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Without effectively preventive intervention, the advanced stage of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is no approved therapeutic treatment. Excessive fat accumulation in the liver is the hallmark of NAFLD, which can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Dysfunction of two organelles also induces the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and disruption of calcium transport, which promote NAFLD progression. Herein, this review summarized the current understanding of the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Specifically, this review focused on the key molecules associated with the ER-mitochondria communication and different treatment options by targeting ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to treat NAFLD or NASH. Clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of representative agents, such as natural products, metabolites, and modulators of stress, have been reviewed and analyzed. Overall, recent findings suggest that targeting ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction holds a promise for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Men H, Young JL, Zhou W, Zhang H, Wang X, Xu J, Lin Q, Tan Y, Zheng Y, Cai L. Early-Life Exposure to Low-Dose Cadmium Accelerates Diethylnitrosamine and Diet-Induced Liver Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1427787. [PMID: 34876963 PMCID: PMC8645401 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1427787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to cadmium causes obesity and metabolic changes in the offspring, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-like pathology. However, whether maternal cadmium exposure accelerates liver cancer in the offspring is unknown. This study investigated the impact of early-life exposure to cadmium on the incidence and potential mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in offspring subjected to postweaning HCC induction. HCC in C57BL/6J mice was induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) injection at weaning, followed by a long-term high-fat choline-deficient (HFCD) diet. Before weaning, liver cadmium levels were significantly higher in mice with early-life cadmium exposure than in those without cadmium exposure. However, by 26 and 29 weeks of age, hepatic cadmium fell to control levels, while a significant decrease was observed in copper and iron in the liver. Both male and female cadmium-exposed mice showed increased body weight compared to non-cadmium-treated mice. For females, early-life cadmium exposure also worsened insulin intolerance but did not significantly promote DEN/HFCD diet-induced liver tumors. In contrast, in male mice, early-life cadmium exposure enhanced liver cancer induction by DEN/HFCD with high incidence and larger liver tumors. The liver peritumor tissue of early-life cadmium-exposed mice exhibited greater inflammation and disruption of fatty acid metabolism, accompanied by higher malondialdehyde and lower esterified triglyceride levels compared to mice without cadmium exposure. These findings suggest that early-life exposure to low-dose cadmium accelerates liver cancer development induced by a DEN/HFCD in male mice, probably due to chronic lipotoxicity and inflammation caused by increased uptake but decreased consumption of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Men
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jamie L. Young
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Wenqian Zhou
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haina Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Qian Lin
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Cargo proteins in extracellular vesicles: potential for novel therapeutics in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:372. [PMID: 34789265 PMCID: PMC8600817 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as novel cell-free therapeutics. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains a critical health problem. Herein, we show that EVs from pan peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist-primed induced mesenchymal stem cell (pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs) has unique cargo protein signatures, and demonstrate its therapeutic function in NASH. RESULTS A unique protein signatures were identified in pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs against those from non-stimulated iMSC-EVs. NASH mice receiving pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs showed reduced steatotic changes and ameliorated ER stress and mitochondiral oxidative stress induced by inflammation. Moreover, pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs promoted liver regeneration via inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing proliferation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that our strategy for enriching unique cargo proteins in EVs may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic option for NASH.
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Rao Y, Li C, Hu YT, Xu YH, Song BB, Guo SY, Jiang Z, Zhao DD, Chen SB, Tan JH, Huang SL, Li QJ, Wang XJ, Zhang YJ, Ye JM, Huang ZS. A novel HSF1 activator ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by stimulating mitochondrial adaptive oxidation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1411-1432. [PMID: 34783017 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the more severe form of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and no pharmacologic treatment approved as yet. Identification of novel therapeutic targets and their agents are critical to overcome the current inadequacy of drug treatment for NASH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The correlation between heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) levels and the development of NASH and the target genes of HSF1 in hepatocyte were revealed by chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing. The effects and mechanisms of SYSU-3d in alleviating NASH were examined in relevant cell models and mouse models (the Ob/Ob mice, high-fat and high-cholesterol diet, the methionine-choline deficient diet fed mice). The drug-like properties of SYSU-3d in vivo were evaluated. KEY RESULTS HSF1 is progressively reduced with mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH pathogenesis and activation of this transcription factor by its newly-identified activator SYSU-3d efficiently ameliorated all manifestations of NASH in mice. When activated, the phosphorylated HSF1 (Ser326) translocated to nucleus and bound to the promoter of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) to induce mitochondrial biogenesis, thus increasing mitochondrial adaptive oxidation and inhibiting oxidative stress. The deletion of HSF1 and PGC-1α or recovery of HSF1 in HSF1-deficiency cells revealed the HSF1/PGC-1α metabolic axis mainly responsible for the anti-NASH effects of SYSU-3d independent of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of HSF1 is a practicable therapeutic approach for NASH treatment via the HSF1/PGC-1α/mitochondrial axis, and SYSU-3d would take into consideration as a potential candidate for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Rao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Tao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Hao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing-Bing Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Yao Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuo-Bin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Heng Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Liang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Jiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Albracht-Schulte K, Wilson S, Johnson P, Pahlavani M, Ramalingam L, Goonapienuwala B, Kalupahana NS, Festuccia WT, Scoggin S, Kahathuduwa CN, Moustaid-Moussa N. Sex-Dependent Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Hepatic Steatosis in UCP1 Knockout Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1549. [PMID: 34829779 PMCID: PMC8615653 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral obesity may be a driving factor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Previous studies have shown that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), ameliorates obesity in high-fat (HF) fed male, C57Bl/6 mice at thermoneutral conditions, independent of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Our goals herein were to investigate sex-dependent mechanisms of EPA in the livers of wild type (WT) and UCP1 knockout (KO) male and female mice fed a HF diet (45% kcal fat; WT-HF, KO-HF) with or without supplementation of 36 g/kg EPA (WT-EPA, KO-EPA). KO significantly increased body weight in males, with no significant reductions with EPA in the WT or KO groups. In females, there were no significant differences in body weight among KO groups and no effects of EPA. In males, liver TGs were significantly higher in the KO-HF group and reduced with EPA, which was not observed in females. Accordingly, gene and protein markers of mitochondrial oxidation, peroxisomal biogenesis and oxidation, as well as metabolic futile cycles were sex-dependently impacted by KO and EPA supplementation. These findings suggest a genotypic difference in response to dietary EPA supplementation on the livers of male and female mice with diet-induced obesity and housed at thermoneutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kembra Albracht-Schulte
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Savanna Wilson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Paige Johnson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Mandana Pahlavani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Bimba Goonapienuwala
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Nishan S. Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - William T. Festuccia
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Chanaka N. Kahathuduwa
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Laboratory Sciences and Primary Care, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (K.A.-S.); (S.W.); (P.J.); (M.P.); (L.R.); (B.G.); (N.S.K.); (S.S.)
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Macias RI, Monte MJ, Serrano MA, González-Santiago JM, Martín-Arribas I, Simão AL, Castro RE, González-Gallego J, Mauriz JL, Marin JJ. Impact of aging on primary liver cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapeutics. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23416-23434. [PMID: 34633987 PMCID: PMC8544321 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging involves progressive physiological and metabolic reprogramming to adapt to gradual deterioration of organs and functions. This includes mechanisms of defense against pre-malignant transformations. Thus, certain tumors are more prone to appear in elderly patients. This is the case of the two most frequent types of primary liver cancer, i.e., hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Accordingly, aging hallmarks, such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, altered proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, exhaustion of stem cell niches, impaired intracellular communication, and deregulated nutrient sensing can play an important role in liver carcinogenesis in the elders. In addition, increased liver fragility determines a worse response to risk factors, which more frequently affect the aged population. This, together with the difficulty to carry out an early detection of HCC and iCCA, accounts for the late diagnosis of these tumors, which usually occurs in patients with approximately 60 and 70 years, respectively. Furthermore, there has been a considerable controversy on what treatment should be used in the management of HCC and iCCA in elderly patients. The consensus reached by numerous studies that have investigated the feasibility and safety of different curative and palliative therapeutic approaches in elders with liver tumors is that advanced age itself is not a contraindication for specific treatments, although the frequent presence of comorbidities in these individuals should be taken into consideration for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio I.R. Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J. Monte
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A. Serrano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M. González-Santiago
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Martín-Arribas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - André L. Simão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui E. Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Mauriz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J.G. Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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Lee JH, Lee HS, Ahn SB, Kwon YJ. Dairy protein intake is inversely related to development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5252-5260. [PMID: 34534894 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and is closely related to metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Dairy protein, rich in casein and whey protein, could help to reduce metabolic diseases. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between dairy protein intake and incident NAFLD. METHODS We analyzed data for 5171 adults aged 40-69 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.(KoGES) Participants were separated as men, women aged ≥50 years, and women aged <50 years and then divided into tertiles based on dairy protein intake. NAFLD was defined as NAFLD liver fat score >-0.640. Scores were calculated as 1.18 × metabolic syndrome (Yes: 1, No: 0) + 0.45 × diabetes mellitus (Yes: 2, No: 0) + 0.15 × serum insulin +0.04 × AST - 0.94 × (AST/ALT) - 2.89. Cox proportional hazards spline curves were drawn to visualize dose-response relationships between dairy protein intake and incident NAFLD. Multiple Cox hazard regression analysis was conducted to examine associations between dairy protein intake and incident NAFLD. RESULTS The Cox proportional hazards spline curves revealed a negative linear relationship between dairy protein intake and incident NAFLD. The cumulative incidence of NAFLD significantly decreased with increasing tertiles of dairy protein intake in men and women aged ≥50 years. After adjusting for confounding factors, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for NAFLD in the middle and highest tertiles, compared to the lowest tertile, were 0.80 (0.67-0.96) and 0.71 (0.57-0.88) in men, 0.89 (0.72-1.09) and 0.72 (0.56-0.92) in women aged ≥50 years, and 1.01 (0.80-1.27) and 0.91 (0.67-1.24) in women aged <50 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found that higher dairy protein intake was significantly and inversely associated with the risk of incident NAFLD in men and women aged ≥50 years. Consumption of milk and other dairy products could help prevent the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, 01830, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Bong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, 01830, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea.
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Wang H, Chen X, Calvisi DF. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): the most promising therapeutic targets in the preclinical arena based on tumor biology characteristics. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:645-658. [PMID: 34477018 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1976142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant liver tumor characterized by high molecular heterogeneity, which has hampered the development of effective targeted therapies severely. Recent experimental data have unraveled novel promising targets for HCC treatment. AREAS COVERED : Eligible articles were retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science databases up to July 2021. This review summarizes the established targeted therapies for advanced HCC, focusing on the strategies to overcome drug resistance and the search for combinational treatments. In addition, conventional biomarkers holding the promises for HCC treatments and novel therapeutic targets from the research field are discussed. EXPERT OPINION : HCC is a molecularly complex disease, with several and distinct pathways playing critical roles in different tumor subtypes. Experimental models recapitulating the features of each tumor subset would be highly beneficial to design novel and more effective therapies against this disease. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of combinatorial drug synergism and the role of the tumor microenvironment in HCC will lead to improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Wang
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Chang E, Chang JS, Kong ID, Baik SK, Kim MY, Park KS. Multidimensional Biomarker Analysis Including Mitochondrial Stress Indicators for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gut Liver 2021; 16:171-189. [PMID: 34420934 PMCID: PMC8924798 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accompanied by a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis with sequential progressions from inflammation to fibrosis and then to cancer. This heterogeneity interferes with the development of precise diagnostic and prognostic strategies for NAFLD. The current approach for the diagnosis of simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis mainly consists of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, elastography, and various serological analyses. However, individual dry and wet biomarkers have limitations demanding an integrative approach for the assessment of disease progression. Here, we review diagnostic strategies for simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis, followed by potential biomarkers associated with fat accumulation and mitochondrial stress. For mitochondrial stress indicators, we focused on fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), angiopoietin-related growth factor and mitochondrial-derived peptides. Each biomarker may not strongly indicate the severity of steatosis or steatohepatitis. Instead, multidimensional analysis of different groups of biomarkers based on pathogenic mechanisms may provide decisive diagnostic/prognostic information to develop a therapeutic plan for patients with NAFLD. For this purpose, mitochondrial stress indicators, such as FGF21 or GDF15, could be an important component in the multiplexed and contextual interpretation of NAFLD. Further validation of the integrative evaluation of mitochondrial stress indicators combined with other biomarkers is needed in the diagnosis/prognosis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunha Chang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Chang
- Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Barrios-Maya MA, Ruiz-Ramírez A, Quezada H, Céspedes Acuña CL, El-Hafidi M. Palmitoyl-CoA effect on cytochrome c release, a key process of apoptosis, from liver mitochondria of rat with sucrose diet-induced obesity. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112351. [PMID: 34171418 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (cyt-c) release from the mitochondria to the cytosol is a key process in the initiation of hepatocyte apoptosis involved in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocyte apoptosis may be related to lipotoxicity due to the accumulation of palmitic acid and palmitoyl-CoA (Pal-CoA). Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine whether Pal-CoA induces cyt-c release from liver mitochondria of sucrose-fed rat (SF). Pal-CoA-induced cyt-c release was sensitive to cyclosporine A indicating the involvement of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (mMPT). In addition, cyt-c release from SF mitochondria remains significantly lower than C mitochondria despite the increased rate of H2O2 generation in SF mitochondria. The decreased cyt-c release from SF may be also related to the increased proportion of the palmitic acid-enriched cardiolipin, due to the high availibilty of palmitic acid in SF liver. The enrichment of cardiolipin molecular species with palmitic acid makes cardiolipin more resistant to peroxidation, a mechanism involved in the dissociation of cyt-c from mitochondrial inner membrane. These results suggest that Pal-CoA may participate in the progression of NAFLD to more severe disease through mechanisms involving cyt-c release and mMPT, a key process of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel-Angel Barrios-Maya
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, C.D. México, Mexico
| | - Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, C.D. México, Mexico
| | - Héctor Quezada
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez # 162, Col. Doctores, CP 06720, C.D. México, Mexico
| | - Carlos L Céspedes Acuña
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del BioBio, Chillan, Chile
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, C.D. México, Mexico.
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Bramlage KS, Bhattacharjee J, Kirby M, Myronovych A, Gupta R, Gonzalez RMS, Xanthakos S, Bove K, Kohli R. A Diet High in Fat and Fructose Induces Early Hepatic Mitochondrial Aging. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 73:99-102. [PMID: 34135298 PMCID: PMC8549102 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT To investigate the effect of high fructose diet on ultrastructure and content of hepatic mitochondria, we randomized 6-8 weeks old male C57Bl6/J mice to ad lib chow or high-fat-high-fructose (HF2) diet for 32 weeks. HF2-fed mice gained more weight, had higher plasma alanine aminotransferase, and fasting glucose levels and increased hepatic triglyceride content at all time points compared to chow-fed mice. HF2-fed mice had lower mitochondrial to nuclear DNA ratio compared to chow-fed mice. HF2-fed mice had lower average mitochondrial surface area and the number of mitochondria compared to chow-fed mice. HF2-fed mice had higher expression of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress marker Chop, compared to chow-fed mice. A diet high in fat and fructose leads to enhanced hepatic mitochondrial aging, depletion, and dysfunction, which may be important determinants of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin S. Bramlage
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jashdeep Bhattacharjee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michelle Kirby
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Andriy Myronovych
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Rohun Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Stavra Xanthakos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kevin Bove
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Kattapuram N, Zhang C, Muyyarikkandy MS, Surugihalli C, Muralidaran V, Gregory T, Sunny NE. Dietary Macronutrient Composition Differentially Modulates the Remodeling of Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism during NAFLD. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050272. [PMID: 33926132 PMCID: PMC8147090 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in fats and carbohydrates aggravate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), of which mitochondrial dysfunction is a central feature. It is not clear whether a high-carbohydrate driven ‘lipogenic’ diet differentially affects mitochondrial oxidative remodeling compared to a high-fat driven ‘oxidative’ environment. We hypothesized that the high-fat driven ‘oxidative’ environment will chronically sustain mitochondrial oxidative function, hastening metabolic dysfunction during NAFLD. Mice (C57BL/6NJ) were reared on a low-fat (LF; 10% fat calories), high-fat (HF; 60% fat calories), or high-fructose/high-fat (HFr/HF; 25% fat and 34.9% fructose calories) diet for 10 weeks. De novo lipogenesis was determined by measuring the incorporation of deuterium from D2O into newly synthesized liver lipids using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Hepatic mitochondrial metabolism was profiled under fed and fasted states by the incubation of isolated mitochondria with [13C3]pyruvate, targeted metabolomics of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, estimates of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and hepatic gene and protein expression. De novo lipogenesis was higher in the HFr/HF mice compared to their HF counterparts. Contrary to our expectations, hepatic oxidative function after fasting was induced in the HFr/HF group. This differential induction of mitochondrial oxidative function by the high fructose-driven ‘lipogenic’ environment could influence the progressive severity of hepatic insulin resistance.
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Kim H, Lee DS, An TH, Park HJ, Kim WK, Bae KH, Oh KJ. Metabolic Spectrum of Liver Failure in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: From NAFLD to NASH to HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094495. [PMID: 33925827 PMCID: PMC8123490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is the spectrum of liver damage ranging from simple steatosis called as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinically, NAFLD and type 2 diabetes coexist. Type 2 diabetes contributes to biological processes driving the severity of NAFLD, the primary cause for development of chronic liver diseases. In the last 20 years, the rate of non-viral NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC has been increasing rapidly. As there are currently no suitable drugs for treatment of NAFLD and NASH, a class of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is sometimes used to improve liver failure despite the risk of side effects. Therefore, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the development and progression of NAFLD and NASH are important issues. In this review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC and the current promising pharmacological therapies of NAFLD/NASH. Further, we will provide insights into "adipose-derived adipokines" and "liver-derived hepatokines" as diagnostic and therapeutic targets from NAFLD to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmi Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Da Som Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.B.); (K.-J.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4268 (K.-H.B.); +82-42-879-8265 (K.-J.O.)
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.B.); (K.-J.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4268 (K.-H.B.); +82-42-879-8265 (K.-J.O.)
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Xiang L, Shao Y, Chen Y. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrion-targeted therapeutics in liver diseases. J Drug Target 2021; 29:1080-1093. [PMID: 33788656 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1909051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a vital metabolic and detoxifying organ and suffers diverse endogenous or exogenous damage. Hepatocyte mitochondria experience various structural and functional defects from liver injury, bearing oxidative stress, metabolic dysregulation, and the disturbance of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms. Mitochondrial malfunction initiates the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways and the release of damage signals, aggravating liver damage and disease progression via inflammation and reparative fibrogenesis. Removal of mitochondrial impairment or the improvement of MQC mechanisms restore mitochondrial homeostasis and benefit liver health. This review discusses the association of mitochondrial disorders with hepatic pathophysiological processes and the resultant potential of mitochondrion-targeting therapeutics for hepatic disorders. The recent advances in the MQC mechanisms and the mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the pathology and treatment of liver disease are particularly focussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yaru Shao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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