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Zemanová V, Lhotská M, Novák M, Hnilička F, Popov M, Pavlíková D. Multicontamination Toxicity Evaluation in the Model Plant Lactuca sativa L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1356. [PMID: 38794427 PMCID: PMC11125215 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Many contaminated soils contain several toxic elements (TEs) in elevated contents, and plant-TE interactions can differ from single TE contamination. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of combined contamination (As, Cd, Pb, Zn) on the physiological and metabolic processes of lettuce. After 45 days of exposure, TE excess in soil resulted in the inhibition of root and leaf biomass by 40 and 48%, respectively. Oxidative stress by TE accumulation was indicated by markers-malondialdehyde and 5-methylcytosine-and visible symptoms of toxicity (leaf chlorosis, root browning) and morpho-anatomical changes, which were related to the change in water regime (water potential decrease). An analysis of free amino acids (AAs) indicated that TEs disturbed N and C metabolism, especially in leaves, increasing the total content of free AAs and their families. Stress-induced senescence by TEs suggested changes in gas exchange parameters (increase in transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration), photosynthetic pigments (decrease in chlorophylls and carotenoids), a decrease in water use efficiency, and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II. These results confirmed that the toxicity of combined contamination significantly affected the processes of lettuce by damaging the antioxidant system and expressing higher leaf sensitivity to TE multicontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Zemanová
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Lhotská
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Novák
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Hnilička
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Popov
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pavlíková
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Mircea DM, Ferrer-Gallego PP, Ferrando-Pardo I, Vicente O, Mir R, Boscaiu M. Salt Tolerance of Sea Flax ( Linum maritimum L.), a Rare Species with Conservation Interest in Eastern Spain. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:305. [PMID: 38276762 PMCID: PMC10821301 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Seldom found in saltmarshes, Linum maritimum is a halophyte of great conservation interest in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Although the species has been reported in different plant communities, there is no information on its range of salinity tolerance or mechanisms of response to environmental stress factors. In this study, L. maritimum plants were subjected to increasing salt concentrations in controlled conditions in a greenhouse. After six months of watering with salt solutions, only plants from the control, 50 mM and 100 mM NaCl treatment groups survived, but seeds were produced only in the first two. Significant differences were found between the plants from the various treatment groups in terms of their growth parameters, such as plant height, fresh weight, and the quantity of flowers and fruits. The main mechanism of salt tolerance is probably related to the species' ability to activate K+ uptake and transport to shoots to partly counteract the accumulation of toxic Na+ ions. A biochemical analysis showed significant increases in glycine betaine, flavonoids and total phenolic compounds, highlighting the importance of osmotic regulation and antioxidant compounds in the salt tolerance of Linum maritimum. These findings have implications for the conservation of the species, especially under changing climatic conditions that may lead to increased soil salinity in its Mediterranean distribution area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Mircea
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego
- Servicio de Vida Silvestre y Natura 2000, Generalitat Valenciana, Avda Comarques del País Valencia, 114, Quart de Poblet, 46930 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.F.-G.); (I.F.-P.)
| | - Inmaculada Ferrando-Pardo
- Servicio de Vida Silvestre y Natura 2000, Generalitat Valenciana, Avda Comarques del País Valencia, 114, Quart de Poblet, 46930 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.F.-G.); (I.F.-P.)
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (O.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Ricardo Mir
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (O.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Nwogha JS, Wosene AG, Raveendran M, Obidiegwu JE, Oselebe HO, Kambale R, Chilaka CA, Rajagopalan VR. Comparative Metabolomics Profiling Reveals Key Metabolites and Associated Pathways Regulating Tuber Dormancy in White Yam ( Dioscorea rotundata Poir.). Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050610. [PMID: 37233651 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Yams are economic and medicinal crops with a long growth cycle, spanning between 9-11 months due to their prolonged tuber dormancy. Tuber dormancy has constituted a major constraint in yam production and genetic improvement. In this study, we performed non-targeted comparative metabolomic profiling of tubers of two white yam genotypes, (Obiaoturugo and TDr1100873), to identify metabolites and associated pathways that regulate yam tuber dormancy using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Yam tubers were sampled between 42 days after physiological maturity (DAPM) till tuber sprouting. The sampling points include 42-DAPM, 56-DAPM, 87DAPM, 101-DAPM, 115-DAPM, and 143-DAPM. A total of 949 metabolites were annotated, 559 in TDr1100873 and 390 in Obiaoturugo. A total of 39 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified across the studied tuber dormancy stages in the two genotypes. A total of 27 DAMs were conserved between the two genotypes, whereas 5 DAMs were unique in the tubers of TDr1100873 and 7 DAMs were in the tubers of Obiaoturugo. The differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) spread across 14 major functional chemical groups. Amines and biogenic polyamines, amino acids and derivatives, alcohols, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, esters, coumarins, and phytohormone positively regulated yam tuber dormancy induction and maintenance, whereas fatty acids, lipids, nucleotides, carboxylic acids, sugars, terpenoids, benzoquinones, and benzene derivatives positively regulated dormancy breaking and sprouting in tubers of both yam genotypes. Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) revealed that 12 metabolisms were significantly enriched during yam tuber dormancy stages. Metabolic pathway topology analysis further revealed that six metabolic pathways (linoleic acid metabolic pathway, phenylalanine metabolic pathway, galactose metabolic pathway, starch and sucrose metabolic pathway, alanine-aspartate-glutamine metabolic pathways, and purine metabolic pathway) exerted significant impact on yam tuber dormancy regulation. This result provides vital insights into molecular mechanisms regulating yam tuber dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah S Nwogha
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 307, Ethiopia
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Departments of Plant Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
- Yam Research Programme, National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike 440001, Nigeria
| | - Abtew G Wosene
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 307, Ethiopia
| | - Muthurajan Raveendran
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Departments of Plant Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Jude E Obidiegwu
- Yam Research Programme, National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike 440001, Nigeria
| | - Happiness O Oselebe
- Department of Crop Production and Landscape Management, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki 480282, Nigeria
| | - Rohit Kambale
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Departments of Plant Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Cynthia A Chilaka
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Veera Ranjani Rajagopalan
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Departments of Plant Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
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Duan H, Tiika RJ, Tian F, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Cui G, Yang H. Metabolomics analysis unveils important changes involved in the salt tolerance of Salicornia europaea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1097076. [PMID: 36743536 PMCID: PMC9896792 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1097076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salicornia europaea is one of the world's salt-tolerant plant species and is recognized as a model plant for studying the metabolism and molecular mechanisms of halophytes under salinity. To investigate the metabolic responses to salinity stress in S. europaea, this study performed a widely targeted metabolomic analysis after analyzing the physiological characteristics of plants exposed to various NaCl treatments. S. europaea exhibited excellent salt tolerance and could withstand extremely high NaCl concentrations, while lower NaCl conditions (50 and 100 mM) significantly promoted growth by increasing tissue succulence and maintaining a relatively stable K+ concentration. A total of 552 metabolites were detected, 500 of which were differently accumulated, mainly consisting of lipids, organic acids, saccharides, alcohols, amino acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. Sucrose, glucose, p-proline, quercetin and its derivatives, and kaempferol derivatives represented core metabolites that are responsive to salinity stress. Glycolysis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were considered as the most important pathways responsible for salt stress response by increasing the osmotic tolerance and antioxidant activities. The high accumulation of some saccharides, flavonoids, and phenolic acids under 50 mM NaCl compared with 300 mM NaCl might contribute to the improved salt tolerance under the 50 mM NaCl treatment. Furthermore, quercetin, quercetin derivatives, and kaempferol derivatives showed varied change patterns in the roots and shoots, while coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic acids increased significantly in the roots, implying that the coping strategies in the shoots and roots varied under salinity stress. These findings lay the foundation for further analysis of the mechanism underlying the response of S. europaea to salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Duan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Richard John Tiika
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fuping Tian
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangxin Cui
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongshan Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Mir R, Romero I, González-Orenga S, Ferrer-Gallego PP, Laguna E, Boscaiu M, Oprică L, Grigore MN, Vicente O. Constitutive and Adaptive Traits of Environmental Stress Tolerance in the Threatened Halophyte Limonium angustebracteatum Erben (Plumbaginaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091137. [PMID: 35567138 PMCID: PMC9103948 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Limonium angustebracteatum is a halophyte endemic to the E and SE Iberian Peninsula with interest in conservation. Salt glands represent an important adaptive trait in recretohalophytes like this and other Limonium species, as they allow the excretion of excess salts, reducing the concentration of toxic ions in foliar tissues. This study included the analysis of the salt gland structure, composed of 12 cells, 4 secretory and 8 accessory. Several anatomical, physiological and biochemical responses to stress were also analysed in adult plants subjected to one month of water stress, complete lack of irrigation, and salt stress, by watering with aqueous solutions of 200, 400, 600 and 800 mM NaCl. Plant growth was inhibited by the severe water deficit and, to a lesser extent, by high NaCl concentrations. A variation in the anatomical structure of the leaves was detected under conditions of salt and water stress; plants from the salt stress treatment showed salt glands sunken between epidermal cells, bordered by very large epidermal cells, whereas in those from the water stress treatment, the epidermal cells were heterogeneous in shape and size. In both, the palisade structure of the leaves was altered. Salt excretion is usually accompanied by the accumulation of salts in the foliar tissue. This was also found in L. angustebracteatum, in which the concentration of all ions analysed was higher in the leaves than in the roots. The increase of K+ in the roots of plants subjected to water stress was also remarkable. The multivariate analysis indicated differences in water and salt stress responses, such as the accumulation of Na and Cl, or proline, but K+ homeostasis played a relevant role in the mechanism of tolerance to both stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mir
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (R.M.); (I.R.); (O.V.)
| | - Ignacio Romero
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (R.M.); (I.R.); (O.V.)
| | - Sara González-Orenga
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego
- Centre for Forestry Research and Experimentation (CIEF), CIEF-Wildlife Service, Generalitat Valenciana, Avda Comarques del País Valencia, 114, 46930 Quart de Poblet, Valencia, Spain; (P.P.F.-G.); (E.L.)
| | - Emilio Laguna
- Centre for Forestry Research and Experimentation (CIEF), CIEF-Wildlife Service, Generalitat Valenciana, Avda Comarques del País Valencia, 114, 46930 Quart de Poblet, Valencia, Spain; (P.P.F.-G.); (E.L.)
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Lăcrămioara Oprică
- Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bulevardul Carol I nr. 11, 700506 Iași, Romania;
| | - Marius-Nicușor Grigore
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Str. Universității 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (R.M.); (I.R.); (O.V.)
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Guo Q, Han J, Li C, Hou X, Zhao C, Wang Q, Wu J, Mur LAJ. Defining key metabolic roles in osmotic adjustment and ROS homeostasis in the recretohalophyte Karelinia caspia under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13663. [PMID: 35249230 PMCID: PMC9311275 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recretohalophyte Karelinia caspia is of forage and medical value and can remediate saline soils. We here assess the contribution of primary/secondary metabolism to osmotic adjustment and ROS homeostasis in Karelinia caspia under salt stress using multi-omic approaches. Computerized phenomic assessments, tests for cellular osmotic changes and lipid peroxidation indicated that salt treatment had no detectable physical effect on K. caspia. Metabolomic analysis indicated that amino acids, saccharides, organic acids, polyamine, phenolic acids, and vitamins accumulated significantly with salt treatment. Transcriptomic assessment identified differentially expressed genes closely linked to the changes in above primary/secondary metabolites under salt stress. In particular, shifts in carbohydrate metabolism (TCA cycle, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis) as well as arginine and proline metabolism were observed to maintain a low osmotic potential. Chlorogenic acid/vitamin E biosynthesis was also enhanced, which would aid in ROS scavenging in the response of K. caspia to salt. Overall, our findings define key changes in primary/secondary metabolism that are coordinated to modulate the osmotic balance and ROS homeostasis to contribute to the salt tolerance of K. caspia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiwan Han
- College of SoftwareShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguChina
| | - Cui Li
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xincun Hou
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chunqiao Zhao
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qinghai Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juying Wu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- College of SoftwareShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguChina
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
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Ibraheem F, Al-Zahrani A, Mosa A. Physiological Adaptation of Three Wild Halophytic Suaeda Species: Salt Tolerance Strategies and Metal Accumulation Capacity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040537. [PMID: 35214869 PMCID: PMC8877964 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes is critical for improving the world's agriculture under climate change scenarios. Herein, the physiological and metabolic responses of Suaeda monoica, Suaeda vermiculata, and Suaeda schimperi against abiotic stress in their natural saline environment on the east coast of the Red Sea were investigated. The tested species are exposed to different levels of salinity along with elemental disorders, including deficiency in essential nutrients (N&P in particular) and/or elevated levels of potentially toxic elements. The tested species employed common and species-specific tolerance mechanisms that are driven by the level of salinity and the genetic constitution of Suaeda species. These mechanisms include: (i) utilization of inorganic elements as cheap osmotica (Na+ in particular), (ii) lowering C/N ratio (S. monoica and S. schimperi) that benefits growth priority, (iii) efficient utilization of low soil N (S. vermiculata) that ensures survival priority, (v) biosynthesis of betacyanin (S. schimperi and S. vermiculata) and (vi) downregulation of overall metabolism (S. vermiculata) to avoid oxidative stress. Based on their cellular metal accumulation, S. monoica is an efficient phytoextractor of Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn, whereas S. vermiculata is a hyper-accumulator of Hg and Pb. S. schimperi is an effective phytoextractor of Fe, Hg, and Cr. These results highlight the significance of Suaeda species as a promising model halophyte and as phytoremediators of their hostile environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farag Ibraheem
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Al Qunfodah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Qunfodah 21912, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (F.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Ateeq Al-Zahrani
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Al Qunfodah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Qunfodah 21912, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (F.I.); (A.M.)
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Guo H, Lyv Y, Zheng W, Yang C, Li Y, Wang X, Chen R, Wang C, Luo J, Qu L. Comparative Metabolomics Reveals Two Metabolic Modules Affecting Seed Germination in Rice ( Oryza sativa). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120880. [PMID: 34940638 PMCID: PMC8707830 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of seed germination is crucial not only for the completion of the plant life cycle but also for agricultural production and food chemistry; however, the underlying metabolic regulation mechanism involved in this process is still far from being clearly revealed. In this study, one indica variety (Zhenshan 97, with rapid germination) and one japonica variety (Nipponbare, with slow germination) in rice were used for in-depth analysis of the metabolome at different germination stages (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after imbibition, HAI) and exploration of key metabolites/metabolic pathways. In total, 380 annotated metabolites were analyzed by using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based targeted method combined with a nontargeted metabolic profiling method. By using bioinformatics and statistical methods, the dynamic changes in metabolites during germination in the two varieties were compared. Through correlation analysis, coefficient of variation analysis and differential accumulation analysis, 74 candidate metabolites that may be closely related to seed germination were finally screened. Among these candidates, 29 members belong to the ornithine–asparagine–polyamine module and the shikimic acid–tyrosine–tryptamine–phenylalanine–flavonoid module. As the core member of the second module, shikimic acid’s function in the promotion of seed germination was confirmed by exogenous treatment. These results told that nitrogen flow and antioxidation/defense responses are potentially crucial for germinating seeds and seedlings. It deepens our understanding of the metabolic regulation mechanism of seed germination and points out the direction for our future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Lyv
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Weikang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Yufei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Xuyang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ridong Chen
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Lianghuan Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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Rodrigues MJ, Castañeda-Loaiza V, Monteiro I, Pinela J, Barros L, Abreu RMV, Oliveira MC, Reis C, Soares F, Pousão-Ferreira P, Pereira CG, Custódio L. Metabolomic Profile and Biological Properties of Sea Lavender ( Limonium algarvense Erben) Plants Cultivated with Aquaculture Wastewaters: Implications for Its Use in Herbal Formulations and Food Additives. Foods 2021; 10:3104. [PMID: 34945654 PMCID: PMC8700961 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Water extracts from sea lavender (Limonium algarvense Erben) plants cultivated in greenhouse conditions and irrigated with freshwater and saline aquaculture effluents were evaluated for metabolomics by liquid chromatography-tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), and functional properties by in vitro and ex vivo methods. In vitro antioxidant methods included radical scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and copper and iron chelating assets. Flowers' extracts had the highest compounds' diversity (flavonoids and its derivatives) and strongest in vitro antioxidant activity. These extracts were further tested for ex vivo antioxidant properties by oxidative haemolysis inhibition (OxHLIA), lipid peroxidation inhibition by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and anti-melanogenic, anti-tyrosinase, anti-inflammation, and cytotoxicity. Extract from plants irrigated with 300 mM NaCl was the most active towards TBARS (IC50 = 81 µg/mL) and tyrosinase (IC50 = 873 µg/mL). In OxHLIA, the activity was similar for fresh- and saltwater-irrigated plants (300 mM NaCl; IC50 = 136 and 140 µg/mL, respectively). Samples had no anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic abilities and were not toxic. Our results suggest that sea lavender cultivated under saline conditions could provide a flavonoid-rich water extract with antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties with potential use as a food preservative or as a functional ingredient in herbal supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (V.C.-L.); (C.G.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Viana Castañeda-Loaiza
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (V.C.-L.); (C.G.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Ivo Monteiro
- IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, Av. do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhao, Portugal; (I.M.); (F.S.); (P.P.-F.)
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal; (J.P.); (L.B.); (R.M.V.A.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal; (J.P.); (L.B.); (R.M.V.A.)
| | - Rui M. V. Abreu
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal; (J.P.); (L.B.); (R.M.V.A.)
| | - Maria Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo Interdisciplinar, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Catarina Reis
- iMed.Ulisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Florbela Soares
- IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, Av. do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhao, Portugal; (I.M.); (F.S.); (P.P.-F.)
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, Av. do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhao, Portugal; (I.M.); (F.S.); (P.P.-F.)
| | - Catarina G. Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (V.C.-L.); (C.G.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (V.C.-L.); (C.G.P.); (L.C.)
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Zemanová V, Pavlíková D, Hnilička F, Pavlík M. Arsenic Toxicity-Induced Physiological and Metabolic Changes in the Shoots of Pteris cretica and Spinacia oleracea. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102009. [PMID: 34685818 PMCID: PMC8540401 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous toxic element that can be accumulated into plant parts. The present study investigated the response of Pteris cretica and Spinacia oleracea to As treatment through the analysis of selected physiological and metabolic parameters. Plants were grown in pots in As(V) spiked soil (20 and 100 mg/kg). Plants’ physiological condition was estimated through the determination of elements, gas-exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, water potential, photosynthetic pigments, and free amino acid content. The results confirmed differing As accumulation in plants, as well as in shoots and roots, which indicated that P. cretica is an As-hyperaccumulator and that S. oleracea is an As-root excluder. Variations in physiological and metabolic parameters were observed among As treatments. Overall, the results revealed a significant effect of 100 mg/kg As treatment on the analysed parameters. In both plants, this treatment affected growth, N, Mg, S, Mn, and Zn content, as well as net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, and total free amino acid content. In conclusion, the results reflect the similarity between P. cretica and S. oleracea in some aspects of plants’ response to As treatment, while physiological and metabolic parameter changes related to As treatments indicate the higher sensitivity of S. oleracea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Zemanová
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniela Pavlíková
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - František Hnilička
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Milan Pavlík
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
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Responses to Increased Salinity and Severe Drought in the Eastern Iberian Endemic Species Thalictrum maritimum (Ranunculaceae), Threatened by Climate Change. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101251. [PMID: 32977553 PMCID: PMC7598256 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thalictrum maritimum is an endangered, endemic species in East Spain, growing in areas of relatively low salinity in littoral salt marshes. A regression of its populations and the number of individuals has been registered in the last decade. This study aimed at establishing the causes of this reduction using a multidisciplinary approach, including climatic, ecological, physiological and biochemical analyses. The climatic data indicated that there was a direct negative correlation between increased drought, especially during autumn, and the number of individuals censused in the area of study. The susceptibility of this species to water deficit was confirmed by the analysis of growth parameters upon a water deficit treatment applied under controlled greenhouse conditions, with the plants withstanding only 23 days of complete absence of irrigation. On the other hand, increased salinity does not seem to be a risk factor for this species, which behaves as a halophyte, tolerating in controlled treatments salinities much higher than those registered in its natural habitat. The most relevant mechanisms of salt tolerance in T. maritimum appear to be based on the control of ion transport, by (i) the active transport of toxic ions to the aerial parts of the plants at high external salinity—where they are presumably stored in the leaf vacuoles to avoid their deleterious effects in the cytosol, (ii) the maintenance of K+ concentrations in belowground and aboveground organs, despite the increase of Na+ levels, and (iii) the salt-induced accumulation of Ca2+, particularly in stems and leaves. This study provides useful information for the management of the conservation plans of this rare and endangered species.
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