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Mátis G, Tráj P, Hanyecz V, Mackei M, Márton RA, Vörösházi J, Kemény Á, Neogrády Z, Sebők C. Immunomodulatory properties of chicken cathelicidin-2 investigated on an ileal explant culture. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10428-7. [PMID: 38871866 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
As the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance grows more crucial, the development of compounds that can replace antibiotics becomes increasingly vital. Chicken cathelicidin-2 (Cath-2) belongs to the group of Host Defense Peptides (HDPs), which could provide a feasible solution for the treatment of gastrointestinal infections in poultry. It is a small peptide produced by the heterophil granulocytes of chickens as part of the innate immune response, and its immunomodulatory activity has already been demonstrated in several cell types. In this study, the effects of Cath-2 on the intestinal immune response were examined using ileal explant cultures isolated from chicken. Regarding our results, Cath-2 displayed a potent anti-inflammatory effect as it alleviated the LTA-caused elevation of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-2 concentrations, and that of the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio, furthermore, it increased the concentration of IL-10, alleviating the LTA-evoked decreased level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine. Moreover, when applied alone, it elevated the concentrations of IL-6, CXCLi2, and IL-2, providing evidence of its complex immunomodulatory mechanisms. In summary, Cath-2 was able to modulate the immune response of the intestinal wall not only by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine release, but also through immune stimulation, demonstrating that it has the ability to improve innate immunity via a complex mechanism that may make it a suitable candidate for the control of intestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2., H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Tráj
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2., H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Hanyecz
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2., H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2., H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rege Anna Márton
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2., H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Vörösházi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2., H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2., H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Sebők
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2., H-1078, Budapest, Hungary.
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Yin J, Yuan D, Xu Z, Wu Y, Chen Z, Xiang X. Significant Differences in Intestinal Bacterial Communities of Sympatric Bean Goose, Hooded Crane, and Domestic Goose. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1688. [PMID: 38891737 PMCID: PMC11170997 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The host's physiological well-being is intricately associated with the gut microbiota. However, previous studies regarding the intestinal microbiota have focused on domesticated or captive birds. This study used high-throughput sequencing technology to identify the gut bacterial communities of sympatric bean geese, hooded cranes, and domestic geese. The results indicated that the gut bacterial diversity in domestic geese and hooded cranes showed considerably higher diversity than bean geese. The gut bacterial community compositions varied significantly among the three hosts (p < 0.05). Compared to the hooded crane, the bean goose and domestic goose were more similar in their genotype and evolutionary history, with less difference in the bacterial community composition and assembly processes between the two species. Thus, the results might support the crucial role of host genotypes on their gut microbiota. The gut bacteria of wild hooded cranes and bean geese had a greater capacity for energy metabolism compared to domestic geese, suggesting that wild birds may rely more on their gut microbiota to survive in cold conditions. Moreover, the intestines of the three hosts were identified as harboring potential pathogens. The relative abundance of pathogens was higher in the hooded crane compared to the other two species. The hooded crane gut bacterial community assemblage revealed the least deterministic process with the lowest filtering/selection on the gut microbiota, which might have been a reason for the highest number of pathogens result. Compared to the hooded crane, the sympatric bean goose showed the least diversity and relative abundance of pathogens. The intestinal bacterial co-occurrence network showed the highest stability in the bean goose, potentially enhancing host resistance to adverse environments and reducing the susceptibility to pathogen invasion. In this study, the pathogens were also discovered to overlap among the three hosts, reminding us to monitor the potential for pathogen transmission between poultry and wild birds. Overall, the current findings have the potential to enhance the understanding of gut bacterial and pathogenic community structures in poultry and wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
- Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-Term Scientific Research Base, Chizhou 247230, China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
- Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-Term Scientific Research Base, Chizhou 247230, China
| | - Ziqiu Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuannuo Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
- Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-Term Scientific Research Base, Chizhou 247230, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
- Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-Term Scientific Research Base, Chizhou 247230, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xingjia Xiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
- Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-Term Scientific Research Base, Chizhou 247230, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei 230601, China
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Wishna-Kadawarage RN, Jensen M, Powałowski S, Hickey RM, Siwek M. In-vitro screening of compatible synbiotics and (introducing) "prophybiotics" as a tool to improve gut health. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:645-657. [PMID: 37608143 PMCID: PMC11144166 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Synbiotics have been intensively studied recently to improve gut health of humans and animals. The success of synergistic synbiotics depends on the compatibility of the prebiotic and probiotic components. Certain plant extracts possess both antimicrobial and prebiotic properties representing a potential use in combination with probiotics to improve the gut health. Here, we coined the term "prophybiotics" to describe this combined bioactivity. The current study aimed to select prebiotics that are preferred as an energy source and antimicrobial plant extracts which do not inhibit the growth, of six strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB namely; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Pediococcus pentosaceus) in-vitro to identify compatible combinations for potential synbiotic/prophybiotic use, respectively. Their growth kinetics were profiled in the presence of prebiotics: Inulin, Raffinose, and Saccharicterpenin with glucose, as the control, using carbohydrate free MRS broth media. Similarly, their growth kinetics in MRS broth supplemented with turmeric, green tea, and garlic extracts at varying concentrations were profiled. The results revealed the most compatible pairs of prebiotics and LAB. Turmeric and garlic had very little inhibitory effect on the growth of the LAB while green tea inhibited the growth of all LAB in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we conclude that turmeric and garlic have broad potential for use in prophybiotics, while the prebiotics studied here have limited use in synbiotics, with these LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesha N Wishna-Kadawarage
- Department of Animal Biotechology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Martin Jensen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, AgroFoodPark 48, 8200, Århus N, Denmark
| | - Szymon Powałowski
- Univeristy of Humanities Król Stanisław Leszczyński, Królowej Jadwigi 10, 64-100, Leszno, Poland
| | - Rita M Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Mellouk A, Mahmood T, Jlali M, Vieco-Saiz N, Michel V, Cozannet P, Ozbek S, Mercier Y, Devillard E, Consuegra J. Potential of guar gum as a leaky gut model in broilers: Digestibility, performance, and microbiota responses. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:177-187. [PMID: 38779326 PMCID: PMC11109731 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Diet is a major modulator of animal resilience and its three pillars: host's immune response, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier. In the present study, we endeavour to delineate a challenging condition aimed to degrade these pillars and elucidate its impact on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility. To attain this objective, we opted to use guar gum (GG) as a source of galactomannan. A series of three in vivo experiments were conducted employing conventional or semi-purified diets, supplemented with or without GG during the grower phase (14-28 d). Our findings demonstrate a substantial decline in animal performance metrics such as body weight (reduced by 29%, P < 0.001), feed intake (decreased by 12%, P < 0.001), and feed conversion ratio (up to 58% increase, P < 0.001) in the presence of GG at 2%. The supplementation of a semi-purified diet with incremental doses of GG resulted in a linear reduction (P < 0.001) in the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and apparent metabolisable energy. Additionally, a marked reduction in ileal endogenous losses, as well as apparent and standardised digestibility of all amino acids with varying proportions (P < 0.05), was observed. These alterations were accompanied by disrupted gut integrity assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) (P < 0.001) as well as an inflammatory status characterised by elevated levels of acute-phase proteins, namely orosomucoid and serum amyloid A in the sera (P = 0.03), and increased mRNA expression levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, Inos, and K203 genes in the ileum, along with a decrease in IgA levels in the gut lumen (P < 0.05). Microbial ecology and activity were characterised by reduced diversity and richness (Shannon index, P = 0.005) in the presence of GG. Consequently, our results revealed diminished levels of short-chain fatty acids (P = 0.01) and their producer genera, such as Clostridium_XIVa and Blautia, in the gut caeca, coupled with excessive accumulation of lactate (17-fold increase, P < 0.01) in the presence of GG at 2%. In addition to providing a more comprehensive characterisation of the GG supplementation as a leaky gut model, our results substantiate a thorough understanding of the intricate adjustments and interplay between the intestinal barrier, immune response, and microbiota. Furthermore, they underscore the significance of feed components in modulating these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nuria Vieco-Saiz
- Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France
| | - Virginie Michel
- Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France
| | - Pierre Cozannet
- Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France
| | - Sarper Ozbek
- Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France
| | - Yves Mercier
- Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France
| | - Estelle Devillard
- Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France
| | - Jessika Consuegra
- Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France
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Zhi T, Ma A, Liu X, Chen Z, Li S, Jia Y. Dietary Supplementation of Brevibacillus laterosporus S62-9 Improves Broiler Growth and Immunity by Regulating Cecal Microbiota and Metabolites. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:949-963. [PMID: 37211578 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Brevibacillus laterosporus has been added as a direct-fed microbiota to chicken. Yet, few studies have reported the effects of B. laterosporus on broiler growth and gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of B. laterosporus S62-9 on growth performance, immunity, cecal microbiota, and metabolites in broilers. A total of 160 1-day-old broilers were randomly divided into S62-9 and control groups, with or without 106 CFU/g B. laterosporus S62-9 supplementation, respectively. During the 42 days feeding, body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Serum was collected for immunoglobulin determination, and cecal contents were taken for 16S rDNA analysis and metabolome at Day 42. Results indicated that the broilers in S62-9 group showed an increase in body weight of 7.2% and 5.19% improvement in feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. The B. laterosporus S62-9 supplementation promoted the maturation of immune organs and increased the concentration of serum immunoglobulins. Furthermore, the α-diversity of cecal microbiota was improved in the S62-9 group. B. laterosporus S62-9 supplementation increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria including Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus, while decreased the relative abundance of pathogens including Klebsiella and Pseudomonas. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that 53 differential metabolites between the two groups. The differential metabolites were enriched in 4 amino acid metabolic pathways, including arginine biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism. In summary, B. laterosporus S62-9 supplementation could improve the growth performance and immunity through the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolome in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Zhi
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijin Ma
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfei Liu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Chen
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Siting Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmin Jia
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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Acharya B, Dey S, Sahu PK, Behera A, Chowdhury B, Behera S. Perspectives on chick embryo models in developmental and reproductive toxicity screening. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 126:108583. [PMID: 38561097 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Teratology, the study of congenital anomalies and their causative factors intersects with developmental and reproductive toxicology, employing innovative methodologies. Evaluating the potential impacts of teratogens on fetal development and assessing human risk is an essential prerequisite in preclinical research. The chicken embryo model has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding human embryonic development due to its remarkable resemblance to humans. This model offers a unique platform for investigating the effects of substances on developing embryos, employing techniques such as ex ovo and in ovo assays, chorioallantoic membrane assays, and embryonic culture techniques. The advantages of chicken embryonic models include their accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and biological relevance to vertebrate development, enabling efficient screening of developmental toxicity. However, these models have limitations, such as the absence of a placenta and maternal metabolism, impacting the study of nutrient exchange and hormone regulation. Despite these limitations, understanding and mitigating the challenges posed by the absence of a placenta and maternal metabolism are critical for maximizing the utility of the chick embryo model in developmental toxicity testing. Indeed, the insights gained from utilizing these assays and their constraints can significantly contribute to our understanding of the developmental impacts of various agents. This review underscores the utilization of chicken embryonic models in developmental toxicity testing, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages by addressing the challenges posed by their physiological differences from mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajeet Acharya
- School of Pharmacy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India; State Forensic Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sandip Dey
- Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India; State Forensic Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prafulla Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmacy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India; State Forensic Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Amulyaratna Behera
- School of Pharmacy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India; State Forensic Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Bimalendu Chowdhury
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khodasingi, Brahmapur, Odisha, India; State Forensic Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Suchismeeta Behera
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khodasingi, Brahmapur, Odisha, India; State Forensic Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Salami SA, Taylor-Pickard J, Ross SA, Moran CA. A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Yeast Mannan-Rich Fraction on Broiler Performance and the Implication for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Chicken Production. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1595. [PMID: 38891642 PMCID: PMC11171374 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of yeast-derived mannan-rich fraction (MRF) could improve the gastrointestinal health and production efficiency of broilers, and, consequently, lower the environmental impacts of chicken production. The objective of this meta-analysis was to quantify the retrospective effects of feeding MRF (Actigen®, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) on the production performance of broilers. The meta-analysis database included 27 studies and consisted of 66 comparisons of MRF-supplemented diets vs. basal (i.e., negative control) and antibiotic-supplemented (i.e., positive control) diets. A total of 34,596 broilers were involved in the comparisons and the average final age of the birds was 35 days. Additionally, the impact of feeding MRF on the carbon footprint (feed and total emission intensities) of chicken production was evaluated using the meta-analysis results of broiler performance (MRF vs. basal diets) to develop a scenario simulation that was analyzed by a life cycle assessment (LCA) model. A database of all trials (MRF vs. basal and antibiotic diets) indicated that feeding MRF increased (p < 0.01) average daily feed intake (ADFI; +3.7%), final body weight (FBW; +3.5%), and average daily gain (ADG; 4.1%) and improved (p < 0.01) feed conversion ratio (FCR; -1.7%) without affecting (p > 0.05) mortality. A subdatabase of MRF vs. basal diets indicated that dietary MRF increased ADFI (+4.5%), FBW (+4.7%), and ADG (+6.3%) and improved FCR (-2.2%) and mortality (-21.1%). For the subdatabase of MRF vs. antibiotic diets, both treatments exhibited equivalent effects (p > 0.05) on broiler performance parameters, suggesting that MRF could be an effective alternative to in-feed antibiotics. Subgroup analysis revealed that different study factors (year of study, breed/strain, production challenges, and MRF feeding duration) influenced the effect of dietary MRF on broiler performance. Simulated life cycle analysis (LCA) indicated that feeding MRF decreased feed and total emission intensities, on average, by -2.4% and -2.1%, respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that dietary MRF is an effective nutritional solution for improving broiler performance, an effective alternative to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters, and reduces the environmental impact of poultry meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed A. Salami
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Summerhill Road, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland;
| | - Jules Taylor-Pickard
- Solutions Deployment Team, Alltech (UK) Ltd., Ryhall Road, Stamford PE9 1TZ, UK;
| | | | - Colm A. Moran
- Regulatory Affairs Department, Alltech SARL, Rue Charles Amand, 14500 Vire, France
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Lozano J, Cunha E, Almeida C, Nunes M, Dias R, Vicente E, Sebastião D, Henriques S, Madeira de Carvalho L, Paz-Silva A, Oliveira M. Analyzing the safety of the parasiticide fungus Mucor circinelloides: first insights on its virulence profile and interactions with the avian gut microbial community. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0407823. [PMID: 38534121 PMCID: PMC11064519 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04078-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasiticide fungi are considered an accurate, sustainable, and safe solution for the biocontrol of animal gastrointestinal (GI) parasites. This research provides an initial characterization of the virulence of the native parasiticide fungus Mucor circinelloides (FMV-FR1) and an assessment of its impact on birds' gut microbes. The genome of this fungus was sequenced to identify the genes coding for virulence factors. Also, this fungus was checked for the phenotypic expression of proteinase, lecithinase, DNase, gelatinase, hemolysin, and biofilm production. Finally, an in vivo trial was developed based on feeding M. circinelloides spores to laying hens and peacocks three times a week. Bird feces were collected for 3 months, with total genomic DNA being extracted and subjected to long-read 16S and 25S-28S sequencing. Genes coding for an iron permease (FTR1), iron receptors (FOB1 and FOB2), ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) (ARF2 and ARF6), and a GTPase (CDC42) were identified in this M. circinelloides genome. Also, this fungus was positive only for lecithinase activity. The field trial revealed a fecal microbiome dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in laying hens, and Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in peacocks, whereas the fecal mycobiome of both bird species was mainly composed of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes fungi. Bacterial and fungal alpha-diversities did not differ between sampling time points after M. circinelloides administrations (P = 0.62 and P = 0.15, respectively). Although findings from this research suggest the lack of virulence of this M. circinelloides parasiticide isolate, more complementary in vitro and in vivo research is needed to conclude about the safety of its administration to birds, aiming at controlling their GI parasites.IMPORTANCEA previous study revealed that the native Mucor circinelloides isolate (FMV-FR1) can develop parasiticide activity toward coccidia oocysts, one of the most pathogenic GI parasites in birds. However, ensuring its safety for birds is of utmost importance, namely by studying its virulence profile and potential effect on commensal gut microbes. This initial study revealed that although this M. circinelloides isolate had genes coding for four types of virulence factors-iron permease, iron receptors, ADP-ribosylation factors, and GTPase-and only expressed phenotypically the enzyme lecithinase, the administration of its spores to laying hens and peacocks did not interfere with the abundances and diversities of their gut commensal bacteria and fungi. Although overall results suggest the lack of virulence of this M. circinelloides isolate, more complementary research is needed to conclude about the safety of its administration to birds in the scope of parasite biocontrol programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lozano
- CIISA – Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA – Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Almeida
- Exoclinic – Clínica Veterinária de Aves e Exóticos, Miraflores, Portugal
| | - Mónica Nunes
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Dias
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Vicente
- Castelo de São Jorge, EGEAC – Empresa de Gestão de Equipamentos e Animação Cultural, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela Sebastião
- Castelo de São Jorge, EGEAC – Empresa de Gestão de Equipamentos e Animação Cultural, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Luís Madeira de Carvalho
- CIISA – Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adolfo Paz-Silva
- Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA – Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Shani MA, Irani M. Feeding strategy and prebiotic supplementation: Effects on immune responses and gut health in the early life stage of broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105226. [PMID: 38502998 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of early or late feeding strategies and prebiotic, on immune responses and gut health during the early life stage of broiler chickens. A total of 240 day-old male broiler chicks were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments that comprised 2 feeding strategies (early or late) and 3 levels of prebiotic (0, recommended dosage or three times the recommended dosage) in a completely randomized design with 4 pen replicates and 10 broilers per each. Compared to broiler chickens that had early access to feed, delayed access to feed resulted in an increased population of Escherichia coli and a decreased population of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the ileum (P < 0.05). Additionally, delayed access to feed led to a decrease in villus height, crypt depth, villus height: villus width ratio, goblet cell density, and mucin 2 gene expression in the ileum (P < 0.05). The supplementation of prebiotics in both the late and early feeding strategy groups resulted in increased villus height, crypt depth, goblet cell density, mucin 2 gene expression, and antibodies against Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). Additionally, it led to an improvement in the foot web thickness index (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it resulted in a significant decrease in the population of Escherichia coli, while the populations of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the ileum were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Therefore, this study suggests that incorporating prebiotics in the starter diet can effectively enhance immune responses and promote gut health, regardless of the feeding strategy (early or late). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential benefits of incorporating prebiotics into poultry diets to alleviate the detrimental effects of delayed access to feed and improve gut health during the early life stage of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abbasnejad Shani
- Department of Animal Science, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Irani
- Department of Animal Science, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Mazandaran, Iran.
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Huang J, Guo F, Abbas W, Hu Z, Liu L, Qiao J, Bi R, Xu T, Zhang K, Huang J, Guo Y, Wang Z. Effects of microencapsulated essential oils and organic acids preparation on growth performance, slaughter characteristics, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microenvironment of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103655. [PMID: 38537402 PMCID: PMC11067778 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To develop effective antibiotics alternatives is getting more and more important to poultry healthy production. The study investigated the effects of a microencapsulated essential oils and organic acids preparation (EOA) on growth performance, slaughter performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microenvironment of broilers. A total of 624 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups including the control group (T1) fed with basal diet, the antibiotic group (T2) supplemented with basal diet with 45 mg/kg bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), and 4 inclusion levels of EOA-treated groups (T3, T4, T5, T6 groups) chickens given basal diet with 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg EOA/kg of diet, respectively. Results showed that compared with the control, the 200 mg/kg EOA group increased average daily gain (ADG) and average body weight (ABW) during the early stage (P < 0.05). EOA addition decreased crypt depth of the ileum (P < 0.05), but villus height to crypt depth ratio was increased by EOA addition at 200 and 400 mg/kg at d 21 (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, dietary addition EOA at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg increased the lipase activity in the duodenum at d 21 (P < 0.05). Increased lactic acid bacteria population was found in cecal digesta of the 400 mg/kg EOA group at d 21 (P < 0.05), and higher concentration of butyric acid level was observed in cecal digesta at d 21 and d 42 in the 200 mg/kg EOA group compared with the control (P < 0.05). RT-PCR analysis found that dietary EOA addition decreased the gene expression of IL-1β, COX-2 and TGF-β4 in the ileum at d 21 (P < 0.05), while only the 200 mg/kg EOA increased the gene expression of IL-10, TGF-β4, Claudin-1, ZO-1, CATH-1, CATH-3, AvBD-1, AvBD-9 and AvBD-12 in the ileum at d 42 (P < 0.05) compared with the control. In summary, adding 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the EOA to the diet could improve the growth performance and intestinal microenvironment through improving intestinal morphology, increasing digestive enzymes activity and cecal lactic acid bacteria abundance and butyric acid content, improving intestinal barrier function as well as maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. The improving effect induced by EOA addition in the early growth stage was better than that in the later growth stage. Overall, the EOA product might be an effective antibiotic alternative for broiler industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangshen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Waseem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichen Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichen Zhang
- Shandong Heyi Food Co., Ltd., Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Shanghai Meinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Lecoeur A, Blanc F, Gourichon D, Bruneau N, Burlot T, Pinard-van der Laan MH, Calenge F. Host genetics drives differences in cecal microbiota composition and immune traits of laying hens raised in the same environment. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103609. [PMID: 38547541 PMCID: PMC11000118 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for preventing infectious diseases but individual vaccine responses are highly heterogeneous. Host genetics and gut microbiota composition are 2 likely drivers of this heterogeneity. We studied 94 animals belonging to 4 lines of laying hens: a White Leghorn experimental line genetically selected for a high antibody response against the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine (ND3) and its unselected control line (CTR), and 2 commercial lines (White Leghorn [LEG] and Rhode Island Red [RIR]). Animals were reared in the same conditions from hatching to 42 d of age, and animals from different genetic lines were mixed. Animals were vaccinated at 22 d of age and their humoral vaccine response against NDV was assessed by hemagglutination inhibition assay and ELISA from blood samples collected at 15, 19, and 21 d after vaccination. The immune parameters studied were the 3 immunoglobulins subtypes A, M, and Y and the blood cell composition was assessed by flow cytometry. The composition of the cecal microbiota was assessed at the end of the experiment by analyzing amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences to obtain amplicon sequence variants (ASV). The 4 lines showed significantly different levels of NDV vaccine response at the 3 measured points, with, logically, a higher response of the genetically selected ND3 line, and intermediate and low responses for the unselected CTR control line and for the 2 commercial lines, respectively. The ND3 line displayed also a higher proportion of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgY). The RIR line showed the most different blood cell composition. The 4 lines showed significantly different microbiota characteristics: composition, abundances at all taxonomic levels, and correlations between genera and vaccine response. The tested genetic lines differ for immune parameters and gut microbiota composition and functions. These phenotypic differences can be attributed to genetic differences between lines. Causal relationships between both types of parameters are discussed and will be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lecoeur
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France.
| | - Fany Blanc
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | | | - Nicolas Bruneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | | | | | - Fanny Calenge
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
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Fonseca A, Kenney S, Van Syoc E, Bierly S, Dini-Andreote F, Silverman J, Boney J, Ganda E. Investigating antibiotic free feed additives for growth promotion in poultry: effects on performance and microbiota. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103604. [PMID: 38484563 PMCID: PMC10951610 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry is evolving towards antibiotic-free production to meet market demands and decelerate the increasing spread of the antimicrobial resistance. The growing need for antibiotic free products has challenged producers to decrease or completely stop using antimicrobials as feed supplements in broiler diet to improve feed efficiency, growth rate, and intestinal health. Natural feed additives (e.g., probiotics and phytobiotics) are promising alternatives to substitute antimicrobial growth promoters. The goal of our study was to characterize the effects of a Probiotic and an Essential Oils blend on broilers' performance and perform a time-series analysis to describe their excreta microbiome. A total of 320 Cobb 500 (1-day-old) chicks were raised for 21 d in 32 randomly allocated cages. Treatments consisted of 4 experimental diets: a basal diet, and a basal diet mixed with an Antibiotic (bacitracin methylene disalicylate), an essential oils blend (oregano oil, rosemary, and red pepper), or a Probiotic (Bacillus subtilis). Body weight (on 1, 10, and 21d), and feed intake (10d and 21d) were recorded and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Droppings were collected daily (1-21d) to characterize broilers' excreta microbiota by targeted sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The Probiotic significantly improved feed conversion ratio for starter phase 1 to 10d (P = 0.03), grower phase 10 to 21d (P = 0.05), and total period 1 to 21d (P = 0.01) compared to the Antibiotic. Feed supplements did not affect alpha diversity but did impact microbial beta diversity (P < 0.01). Age also impacted microbiome turnover as differences in alpha and beta diversity were detected. Furthermore, when compared to the basal diet, the probiotic and antibiotic significantly impacted relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (log2 fold change -1.44, P = 0.03), Intestinimonas (log2 fold change 0.560, P < 0.01) and Ligilactobacillus (log2 fold change -1.600, P < 0.01). Overall, Probiotic supplementation but not essential oils supplementation positively impacted broilers' growth performance by directly causing directional shifts in broilers' excreta microbiota structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fonseca
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sophia Kenney
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emily Van Syoc
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Stephanie Bierly
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Plant Science and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Justin Silverman
- One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Institute for Computational and Data Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - John Boney
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Erika Ganda
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Abbas W, Bi R, Hussain MD, Tajdar A, Guo F, Guo Y, Wang Z. Antibiotic Cocktail Effects on Intestinal Microbial Community, Barrier Function, and Immune Function in Early Broiler Chickens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:413. [PMID: 38786141 PMCID: PMC11117290 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an antibiotic cocktail on intestinal microbial composition, mechanical barrier structure, and immune functions in early broilers. One-day-old healthy male broiler chicks were treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail (ABX; neomycin, ampicillin, metronidazole, vancomycin, and kanamycin, 0.5 g/L each) or not in drinking water for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that ABX treatment significantly reduced relative Firmicutes, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, unclassified Oscillospiraceae, Ruminococcus torques, and unclassified Ruminococcaceae abundance in the cecum and relative Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Baccillus abundance in the ileum, but significantly increased richness (Chao and ACE indices) and relative Enterococcus abundance in the ileum and cecum along with relatively enriched Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Enterococcus levels in the ileum following ABX treatment for 14 days. ABX treatment for 14 days also significantly decreased intestinal weight and length, along with villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) of the small intestine, and remarkably increased serum LPS, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IgG levels, as well as intestinal mucosa DAO and MPO activity. Moreover, prolonged use of ABX significantly downregulated occludin, ZO-1, and mucin 2 gene expression, along with goblet cell numbers in the ileum. Additionally, chickens given ABX for 14 days had lower acetic acid, butyric acid, and isobutyric acid content in the cecum than the chickens treated with ABX for 7 days and untreated chickens. Spearman correlation analysis found that those decreased potential beneficial bacteria were positively correlated with gut health-related indices, while those increased potential pathogenic strains were positively correlated with gut inflammation and gut injury-related parameters. Taken together, prolonged ABX application increased antibiotic-resistant species abundance, induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, delayed intestinal morphological development, disrupted intestinal barrier function, and perturbed immune response in early chickens. This study provides a reliable lower-bacteria chicken model for further investigation of the function of certain beneficial bacteria in the gut by fecal microbiota transplantation into germ-free or antibiotic-treated chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ruichen Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Muhammad Dilshad Hussain
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Alia Tajdar
- Key Laboratory of Insect Behavior and Harmless Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Fangshen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
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Ndung'u JK, Nguta JM, Mapenay IM, Moriasi GA. A Comprehensive Review of Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicity of Prunus africana (Hook. F.) Kalkman from Africa. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:8862996. [PMID: 38654751 PMCID: PMC11039028 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8862996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Prunus africana, a widely utilized medicinal plant in various African ethnic communities, continues to hold significant importance in traditional healing practices. Research has identified phytochemical compounds in this plant, exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities that offer potential for pharmaceutical development. Notably, P. africana is employed in treating various ailments such as wounds, diabetes mellitus, malaria, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chest pain, and prostate cancer. Its pharmacological properties are attributed to a spectrum of bioactive compounds, including tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, and fatty acids. Multiple studies have documented the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiandrogenic, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antidipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, analgesic, and astringent properties of P. africana extracts. This review offers a comprehensive compilation of ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemical composition, pharmacological effects, and toxicity assessments of P. africana, serving as a foundation for future preclinical and clinical investigations. By understanding its traditional uses and chemical constituents, researchers can target specific medical conditions with greater precision, potentially expediting the development of safe and effective pharmaceuticals. Moreover, toxicity assessments provide crucial insights into the safety profile of P. africana extracts, ensuring the development of safe pharmaceuticals to treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K. Ndung'u
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacy, Kenya Medical Training College, Nakuru Campus Kenya, P.O. Box 110, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Joseph M. Nguta
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaac M. Mapenay
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gervason A. Moriasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100-GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mount Kenya University, P.O. Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
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15
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Hou J, Lu L, Lian L, Tian Y, Zeng T, Ma Y, Li S, Chen L, Xu W, Gu T, Li G, Liu X. Effects of coated sodium butyrate on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1368736. [PMID: 38650870 PMCID: PMC11033381 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1368736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examined the impact of adding coated sodium butyrate (CSB) to the diet on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota of yellow-feathered broiler chickens. Methods In this study, 240 yellow-feathered broiler chickens at 26 days old were divided into two groups: the control group (CON group) received a standard diet, and the experimental group (CSB group) received a diet with 0.5 g/kg of a supplement called CSB. Each group had 6 replicates, with 20 chickens in each replicate, and the experiment lasted for 36 days. Results Compared to the CON group, the CSB group showed a slight but insignificant increase in average daily weight gain during the 26-62 day period, while feed intake significantly decreased. The CSB group exhibited significant increases in serum superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the CSB group had significant increases in total protein and albumin content, as well as a significant decrease in blood ammonia levels. Compared to the CON group, the CSB group had significantly increased small intestine villus height and significantly decreased jejunal crypt depth. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Bacteroides in the cecal microbiota of the CSB group was significantly higher than that of the CON group, while the abundance of Proteobacteria, Deferribacteres, and Epsilonbacteraeota was significantly lower than that of the CON group. Conclusion These results suggest that adding CSB to the diet can improve the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of yellow-feathered broiler chickens while maintaining intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Lian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Li
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Girard C, Chabrillat T, Kerros S, Fravalo P, Thibodeau A. Essential oils mix effect on chicks ileal and caecal microbiota modulation: a metagenomics sequencing approach. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1350151. [PMID: 38638639 PMCID: PMC11025455 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1350151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbiota plays a pivotal role in promoting the health and wellbeing of poultry. Essential oils (EOs) serve as an alternative solution for modulating poultry microbiota. This study aimed to investigate, using amplicon sequencing, the effect of a complex and well-defined combination of EOs feed supplement on both ileal and caecal broiler microbiota, within the context of Salmonella and Campylobacter intestinal colonization. Material and methods For this experiment, 150-day-old Ross chicks were randomly allocated to two groups: T+ (feed supplementation with EO mix 500 g/t) and T- (non-supplemented). At day 7, 30 birds from each group were orally inoculated with 106 CFU/bird of a Salmonella enteritidis and transferred to the second room, forming the following groups: TS+ (30 challenged birds receiving infeed EO mix at 500g/t) and TS- (30 challenged birds receiving a non-supplemented control feed). At day 14, the remaining birds in the first room were orally inoculated with 103 CFU/bird of two strains of Campylobacter jejuni, resulting in the formation of groups T+C+ and T-C+. Birds were sacrificed at day 7, D10, D14, D17, and D21. Ileal and caecal microbiota samples were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. At D7 and D14, ileal alpha diversity was higher for treated birds (p <0.05). Results and discussion No significant differences between groups were observed in caecal alpha diversity (p>0.05). The ileal beta diversity exhibited differences between groups at D7 (p < 0.008), D10 (p = 0.029), D14 (p = 0.001) and D17 (p = 0.018), but not at D21 (p = 0.54). For all time points, the analysis indicated that 6 biomarkers were negatively impacted, while 10 biomarkers were positively impacted. Sellimonas and Weissella returned the lowest (negative) and highest (positive) coefficient, respectively. At each time point, treatments influenced caecal microbiota beta diversity (p < 0.001); 31 genera were associated with T+: 10 Ruminoccocaceae genera were alternatively more abundant and less abundant from D7, 7 Lachnospiraceae genera were alternatively more and less abundant from D10, 6 Oscillospiraceae genera were variable depending on the date and 4 Enterobacteriaceae differed from D7. During all the experiment, Campylobacter decreased in treated birds (p < 0.05). This study showed that EO mix modulates ileal and caecal microbiota composition both before and during challenge conditions, increasing alpha diversity, especially in ileum during the early stages of chick life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philippe Fravalo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Biada I, Ibáñez-Escriche N, Blasco A, Casto-Rebollo C, Santacreu MA. Microbiome composition as a potential predictor of longevity in rabbits. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:25. [PMID: 38565991 PMCID: PMC10986140 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longevity and resilience are two fundamental traits for more sustainable livestock production. These traits are closely related, as resilient animals tend to have longer lifespans. An interesting criterion for increasing longevity in rabbit could be based on the information provided by its gut microbiome. The gut microbiome is essential for regulating health and plays crucial roles in the development of the immune system. The aim of this research was to investigate if animals with different longevities have different microbial profiles. We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene from soft faeces from 95 does. First, we compared two maternal rabbit lines with different longevities; a standard longevity maternal line (A) and a maternal line (LP) that was founded based on longevity criteria: females with a minimum of 25 parities with an average prolificacy per parity of 9 or more. Second, we compared the gut microbiota of two groups of animals from line LP with different longevities: females that died/were culled with two parities or less (LLP) and females with more than 15 parities (HLP). RESULTS Differences in alpha and beta diversity were observed between lines A and LP, and a partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed a high prediction accuracy (> 91%) of classification of animals to line A versus LP (146 amplicon sequence variants (ASV)). The PLS-DA also showed a high prediction accuracy (> 94%) to classify animals to the LLP and HLP groups (53 ASV). Interestingly, some of the most important taxa identified in the PLS-DA were common to both comparisons (Akkermansia, Christensenellaceae R-7, Uncultured Eubacteriaceae, among others) and have been reported to be related to resilience and longevity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the first parity gut microbiome profile differs between the two rabbit maternal lines (A and LP) and, to a lesser extent, between animals of line LP with different longevities (LLP and HLP). Several genera were able to discriminate animals from the two lines and animals with different longevities, which shows that the gut microbiome could be used as a predictive factor for longevity, or as a selection criterion for these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyass Biada
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Ibáñez-Escriche
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Agustín Blasco
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Casto-Rebollo
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria A Santacreu
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Jia L, Hsu CY, Zhang X, Li X, Schilling MW, Peebles ED, Kiess AS, Wamsley KGS, Zhang L. Changes in gene expression in the intestinal mucus of broilers with woody breast myopathy. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103398. [PMID: 38194832 PMCID: PMC10792639 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that dietary treatments affect woody breast (WB) incidence differently, which indicates that gut conditions such as gut barrier function, inflammation, and oxidative stress are likely related to WB. In this study, dietary supplementation with antibiotics (bacitracin) or probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) was investigated for their effects on the expression of transcripts related to gut barrier function, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the mucus lining of the jejunum from broilers with or without WB. A split-plot experimental design was used in this study. The dietary treatments served as the main plot factor and the breast muscle condition was the subplot factor. On d 41, jejunum mucus was collected from 1 bird from each of 3 replicate pens in each 3 dietary treatment groups that exhibited WB and an additional bird that contained a normal breast (3 biological replicates/treatment/phenotype; 3 × 3 × 2, total N = 18). Total RNA was extracted using a commercial RNA extraction kit. The expression levels of CLDN1, MUC6, TLR2A, TLR2B, TLR4, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8L1, IL-10, NOS2, and SOD were determined using 2-step RT-qPCR analysis. The gene expression difference in ΔCt values was determined after normalizing with the chicken 18S rRNA gene. When the significant differences occurred between treatments, the relative fold change was calculated using the ΔΔCt method and the significance level was calculated. The PROC GLM procedure of SAS 9.4 was used, and the level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. There were no significant interactive effects between diet and the breast muscle condition on the expression of any of the genes tested. However, birds with WB exhibited higher MUC6 (P < 0.0001) gene expression levels than birds with normal breast muscles. In addition, the expression of SOD decreased in birds that were fed the antibiotic diet when compared to birds that were fed the probiotic diet (P = 0.014). In conclusion, WB identified in broilers tested in the current study is attributed to increased expression of mucin, indicating a correlation between WB incidence and gel-forming mucin secretion and pathogen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Jia
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Chuan-Yu Hsu
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - M Wes Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - E David Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kelley G S Wamsley
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Shen H, Wang T, Dong W, Sun G, Liu J, Peng N, Zhao S. Metagenome-assembled genome reveals species and functional composition of Jianghan chicken gut microbiota and isolation of Pediococcus acidilactic with probiotic properties. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:25. [PMID: 38347598 PMCID: PMC10860329 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chickens are one of the most widely farmed animals worldwide and play a crucial role in meat and egg production. Gut microbiota is essential for chickens' health, disease, growth, and egg production. However, native chickens such as Jianghan chickens have better meat and egg production quality than centralized chickens, their intestinal microbial diversity is richer, and the potential gut microbial resources may bring health benefits to the host. RESULTS The bacterial species composition in the gut microbiota of Jianghan chickens is similar to that of other chicken breeds, with Phocaeicola and Bacteroides being the most abundant bacterial genera. The LEfSe analysis revealed significant differences in species composition and functional profiles between samples from Jingzhou and the other three groups. Functional annotation indicated that the gut microbiota of Jianghan chickens were dominated by metabolic genes, with the highest number of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism. Several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were found, and the composition of ARGs was similar to that of factory-farmed chickens, suggesting that antibiotics were widely present in the gut microbiota of Jianghan chickens. The resistance genes of Jianghan chickens are mainly carried by microorganisms of the Bacteroidota and Bacillota phylum. In addition, more than 829 isolates were selected from the microbiota of Jianghan chickens. Following three rounds of acid and bile tolerance experiments performed on all the isolated strains, it was determined that six strains of Pediococcus acidilactici exhibited consistent tolerance. Further experiments confirmed that three of these strains (A4, B9, and C2) held substantial probiotic potential, with P. acidilactici B9 displaying the highest probiotic potential. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates the composition of the intestinal microbiota and functional gene repertoire in Jianghan chickens. Despite the absence of antibiotic supplementation, the intestinal microbial community of Jianghan chickens still demonstrates a profile of antibiotic resistance genes similar to that of intensively reared chickens, suggesting resistance genes are prevalent in free-ranging poultry. Moreover, Jianghan and intensively reared chickens host major resistance genes differently, an aspect seldom explored between free-range and pastured chickens. Furthermore, among the 829 isolates, three strains of P. acidilatici exhibited strong probiotic potential. These findings provide insights into the unique gut microbiota of Jianghan chickens and highlight potential probiotic strains offering benefits to the host. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tinghui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weiwei Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435000, China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Hubei Poder Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Huangshi, 435000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hubei Poder Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Huangshi, 435000, China
| | - Nan Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shumiao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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20
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Bajagai YS, Van TTH, Joat N, Chousalkar K, Moore RJ, Stanley D. Layer chicken microbiota: a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics across all major gut sections. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:20. [PMID: 38317171 PMCID: PMC10840231 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota influences chicken health, welfare, and productivity. A diverse and balanced microbiota has been associated with improved growth, efficient feed utilisation, a well-developed immune system, disease resistance, and stress tolerance in chickens. Previous studies on chicken gut microbiota have predominantly focused on broiler chickens and have usually been limited to one or two sections of the digestive system, under controlled research environments, and often sampled at a single time point. To extend these studies, this investigation examined the microbiota of commercially raised layer chickens across all major gut sections of the digestive system and with regular sampling from rearing to the end of production at 80 weeks. The aim was to build a detailed picture of microbiota development across the entire digestive system of layer chickens and study spatial and temporal dynamics. RESULTS The taxonomic composition of gut microbiota differed significantly between birds in the rearing and production stages, indicating a shift after laying onset. Similar microbiota compositions were observed between proventriculus and gizzard, as well as between jejunum and ileum, likely due to their anatomical proximity. Lactobacillus dominated the upper gut in pullets and the lower gut in older birds. The oesophagus had a high proportion of Proteobacteria, including opportunistic pathogens such as Gallibacterium. Relative abundance of Gallibacterium increased after peak production in multiple gut sections. Aeriscardovia was enriched in the late-lay phase compared to younger birds in multiple gut sections. Age influenced microbial richness and diversity in different organs. The upper gut showed decreased diversity over time, possibly influenced by dietary changes, while the lower gut, specifically cecum and colon, displayed increased richness as birds matured. However, age-related changes were inconsistent across all organs, suggesting the influence of organ-specific factors in microbiota maturation. CONCLUSION Addressing a gap in previous research, this study explored the microbiota across all major gut sections and tracked their dynamics from rearing to the end of the production cycle in commercially raised layer chickens. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of microbiota structure and development which help to develop targeted strategies to optimise gut health and overall productivity in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Sharma Bajagai
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia.
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Nitish Joat
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - Kapil Chousalkar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia
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21
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Davies C, González-Ortiz G, Rinttilä T, Apajalahti J, Alyassin M, Bedford MR. Stimbiotic supplementation and xylose-rich carbohydrates modulate broiler's capacity to ferment fibre. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1301727. [PMID: 38274766 PMCID: PMC10808361 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1301727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimbiotics are a new category of feed additives that can increase fibre fermentability by stimulating fibre-degrading microbiota in the gut. The aim of this study was to test, ex vivo, if the microbiota of broilers fed a stimbiotic are better able to ferment different xylose-rich substrates in an ileal and a caecal environment. The ileal and caecal contents from broiler chickens fed a stimbiotic or from a control group were used as an inoculum in the ex vivo fermentation experiment. Different xylose-rich substrates including monomeric xylose (XYL), XOS with DP 2 to 6 (XOS), short DP XOS of 2 to 3 (sDP-XOS), long DP XOS of 4 to 6 (lDP-XOS) and de-starched wheat bran (WB), were added to each ileal and caecal inoculum in fermentation vessels. Total gas, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production, bacterial quantification, and carbohydrate utilisation were monitored for 9 h post-inoculation. No significant interactions were observed in any of the parameters measured in either the ileal or caecal contents (p > 0.05). Stimbiotic ileal inocula resulted in higher total gas (p < 0.001) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) (p < 0.001) production, increased numbers of Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.001), and decreased numbers of Enterococcus spp. (p < 0.01) after 9 h regardless of the xylose-rich substrate added. Stimbiotic caecal inocula resulted in a higher ratio of VFA to branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) by up to +9% (p < 0.05). Ileal microbiota were found to preferentially metabolise WB, while caecal microbiota favoured XOS substrates, particularly lDP-XOS. These results indicate that stimbiotics can promote the abundance of lactic acid bacteria involved in the establishment of fibre-degrading bacteria and VFA content in the gut, which could have beneficial effects on broiler performance. Further, ileal and caecal microbiota differ in their utilisation of different substrates which may impact the effectiveness of different stimbiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teemu Rinttilä
- AB Vista, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
- Alimetrics Research Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Juha Apajalahti
- AB Vista, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
- Alimetrics Research Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Mohammad Alyassin
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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22
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Li M, Wang S, Zhong L, Heděnec P, Tan Z, Wang R, Chen X, Zhang Y, Tang B, Zhou H, Qu J. Eimeria infections of plateau pika altered the patterns of temporal alterations in gut bacterial communities. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1301480. [PMID: 38274745 PMCID: PMC10808676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1301480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal parasites, such as Eimeria, are common among plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). The gut microbiome is an essential driver of the host response to gastrointestinal parasites. However, the effects of intestinal protozoal parasites on the temporal variations in the gut microbiome and behavioral and physiological activities remain unknown. Our study conducted treatments involving experimental feeding of pika with Eimeria oocysts or anticoccidia under laboratory conditions to focus on the parasite-associated alterations in gut bacterial communities, host behavioral activity, physiology, and host-bacteria relationships. The results showed insignificant differences in bacterial community structures among treatments on the basis of Bray-Curtis distance metrics, whereas the patterns of temporal alterations in the bacterial communities were changed by the treatments. Bacterial alpha diversities did not vary with the treatments, and experimental feeding with Eimeria slowed down the decrement rate of alpha diversity. Furthermore, few bacterial members were significantly changed by the treatments-only the genus Ruminococcus and the species Ruminococcus flavefaciens, which were associated with energy metabolism. Experimental feeding with Eimeria modified the temporal variations in the bacterial members, including a lower loss rate of the relative abundance of the dominant families Muribaculaceae and Ruminococcaceae in the group with Eimeria experimental feeding. Moreover, a shifting energy trade-off was suggested by the parasite-induced increments in thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine) and decrements in exploration behavior in the group with Eimeria feeding. However, we did not detect specific connections between gut bacterial communities and pika behaviors and physiology in terms of energy trade-offs. Further in-depth research is needed to examine the role of Eimeria-modified differences in the gut bacteria of plateau pika.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoping Li
- Sanjiangyuan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
| | - Suqin Wang
- Sanjiangyuan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Sanjiangyuan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
| | - Petr Heděnec
- Institute for Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zhaoxian Tan
- Sanjiangyuan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Sanjiangyuan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Xinyang Chen
- Sanjiangyuan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Sanjiangyuan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingmin Tang
- Grassland Station of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Sanjiangyuan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Jiapeng Qu
- Sanjiangyuan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
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23
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Abdelhamid MK, Nekouei O, Hess M, Paudel S. Association Between Escherichia coli Load in the Gut and Body Weight Gain in Broiler Chickens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Avian Dis 2024; 67:298-304. [PMID: 38300650 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the first commensal bacteria to colonize the chicken gut, where it predominates at an early stage of broiler chick life. Escherichia coli can potentially cause colibacillosis in chickens, spreading to extraintestinal systemic organs, which results in high economic losses in poultry industry, as well as a potential risk to public health. Many studies conducted to investigate the effectiveness of natural products as alternatives to antibiotics and to enhance the production performance in broiler chickens have assessed E. coli load in the chicken gut, but it is still unknown how the E. coli count is linked to broiler growth performance. A systematic search of published research articles, including key terms of interest such as broiler chickens, growth performance, and E. coli count, was conducted using two main databases (PubMed and the Web of Science). A random effects metaregression model was built to evaluate the association between E. coli count and weight gain in untreated groups of broilers (negative controls) from eligible studies. Of 2108 articles in the initial screening, 60 were included in the final meta-analysis. After data extraction, records from the ileum and cecum at 21, 35, and 42 days of age were considered for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the average E. coli count in both the ileum and cecum at 21 days of age was positively associated with the average weight gain in the studied broiler chickens, while no statistically significant associations were found at 35 and 42 days of age. In conclusion, the positive association between E. coli load and body weight gain in young broiler chickens may be attributed to the relative dominance of E. coli in the gut of this age group when the microbial population is less diverse. The dynamic association between the production performance and the load of E. coli that has dubious pathogenic potential suggests the importance of careful assessment of commensal E. coli to develop strategies to enhance production, particularly in young broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamal Abdelhamid
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria,
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Omid Nekouei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Surya Paudel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
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24
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Nezhadi J, Rezaee MA, Ozma MA, Ganbarov K, Kafil HS. Gut Microbiota Exchange in Domestic Animals and Rural-urban People Axis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:825-837. [PMID: 37877143 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010261535230920062107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, one of the most critical topics in microbiology that can be addressed is microbiome and microbiota. The term microbiome contains both the microbiota and structural elements, metabolites/signal molecules, and the surrounding environmental conditions, and the microbiota consists of all living members forming the microbiome. Among; the intestinal microbiota is one of the most important microbiota, also called the gut microbiota. After colonization, the gut microbiota can have different functions, including resistance to pathogens, maintaining the intestinal epithelium, metabolizing dietary and pharmaceutical compounds, and controlling immune function. Recently, studies have shown that the gut microbiota can prevent the formation of fat in the body. In this study, we examined the gut microbiota in various animals, including dogs, cats, dairy cows, sheep, chickens, horses, and people who live in urban and rural areas. Based on the review of various studies, it has been determined that the population of microbiota in animals and humans is different, and various factors such as the environment, nutrition, and contact with animals can affect the microbiota of people living in urban and rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Nezhadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Asghari Ozma
- Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khudaverdi Ganbarov
- Department of Microbiology, Research Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Baranova MN, Pilipenko EA, Gabibov AG, Terekhov SS, Smirnov IV. Animal Microbiomes as a Source of Novel Antibiotic-Producing Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:537. [PMID: 38203702 PMCID: PMC10779147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds continue to serve as the most fruitful source of new antimicrobials. Analysis of bacterial genomes have revealed that the biosynthetic potential of antibiotic producers by far exceeds the number of already discovered structures. However, due to the repeated discovery of known substances, it has become necessary to change both approaches to the search for antibiotics and the sources of producer strains. The pressure of natural selection and the diversity of interactions in symbiotic communities make animal microbiomes promising sources of novel substances. Here, microorganisms associated with various animals were examined in terms of their antimicrobial agents. The application of alternative cultivation techniques, ultrahigh-throughput screening, and genomic analysis facilitated the investigation of compounds produced by unique representatives of the animal microbiota. We believe that new strategies of antipathogen defense will be discovered by precisely studying cell-cell and host-microbe interactions in microbiomes in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita N. Baranova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.N.B.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Pilipenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.N.B.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Alexander G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.N.B.); (A.G.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav S. Terekhov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.N.B.); (A.G.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Smirnov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.N.B.); (A.G.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Kim HJ, Kim HS, Yun YS, Shin H, Lee WD, Son J, Hong EC, Jeon IS, Kang HK. Microbiome Changes in Layer Pullets Reared in Floor Pens along the Growth Period. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2302. [PMID: 38137903 PMCID: PMC10745048 DOI: 10.3390/life13122302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract microbiome is essential for regulating nutrient absorption, gut immune function, and host growth and development. In the present study, we characterized the development of ileum and cecum microbiota in pullets throughout the rearing period, encompassing a period from the day of hatching to 18 weeks of age. The growth performance and intestinal microbiome (ileum and cecum) of pullets were analyzed at 1, 5, 11, and 18 weeks of age. The richness of the ileum and cecum bacterial communities (alpha diversity) was higher in pullets at 18 weeks of age than in those at 1 and 5 weeks of age. Microbiota from weeks 1, 5, 11, and 18 were distinctly grouped in a NMDS plot, representing beta diversity within the ileum. However, the results for cecum microbiota did not reveal evident separation among the different age groups in the weighted UniFrac. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate variations and diversification in ileum and cecum microbiota across different rearing stages in pullets. These insights have the potential to inform the development of nutritional strategies that promote gut health and contribute to the improved development of pullets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hwan-Ku Kang
- Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25342, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (H.-S.K.); (Y.-S.Y.); (W.-D.L.); (I.-S.J.)
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Ayalew H, Wang J, Wu S, Qiu K, Tekeste A, Xu C, Lamesgen D, Cao S, Qi G, Zhang H. Biophysiology of in ovo administered bioactive substances to improve gastrointestinal tract development, mucosal immunity, and microbiota in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103130. [PMID: 37926011 PMCID: PMC10633051 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic exogenous feeding of bioactive substances is a topic of interest in poultry production, potentially improving gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, stimulating immunization, and maximizing the protection capability of newly hatched chicks. However, the biophysiological actions and effects of in ovo administered bioactive substances are inconsistent or not fully understood. Thus, this paper summarizes the functional effects of bioactive substances and their interaction merits to augment GIT development, the immune system, and microbial homeostasis in newly hatched chicks. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics are potential bioactive substances that have been administered in embryonic eggs. Their biological effects are enhanced by a variety of mechanisms, including the production of antimicrobial peptides and antibiotic responses, regulation of T lymphocyte numbers and immune-related genes in either up- or downregulation fashion, and enhancement of macrophage phagocytic capacity. These actions occur directly through the interaction with immune cell receptors, stimulation of endocytosis, and phagocytosis. The underlying mechanisms of bioactive substance activity are multifaceted, enhancing GIT development, and improving both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Thus summarizing these modes of action of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics can result in more informed decisions and also provides baseline for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Ayalew
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ayalsew Tekeste
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Changchun Xu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dessalegn Lamesgen
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Sumei Cao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Joat N, Bajagai YS, Van TTH, Stanley D, Chousalkar K, Moore RJ. The temporal fluctuations and development of faecal microbiota in commercial layer flocks. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:197-209. [PMID: 38023383 PMCID: PMC10679818 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract influences gut health, which in turn strongly impacts the general health and productivity of laying hens. It is essential to characterise the composition and temporal development of the gut microbiota in healthy layers raised under different management systems, to understand the variations in typical healthy microbiota structure, so that deviations from this might be recognised and correlated with production and health issues when they arise. The present investigation aimed to study the temporal development and phylogenetic composition of the gut microbiota of four commercially raised layer flocks from hatch to end of the production cycle. Non-intrusive faecal sampling was undertaken as a proxy to represent the gut microbiota. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to characterise the microbiota. Beta diversity analysis indicated that each faecal microbiota was different across the four flocks and had subtly different temporal development patterns. Despite these inter-flock differences, common patterns of microbiota development were identified. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant at an early age in all flocks. The microbiota developed gradually during the rearing phase; richness and diversity increased after 42 d of age and then underwent significant changes in composition after the shift to the production farms, with Bacteroidota becoming more dominant in older birds. By developing a more profound knowledge of normal microbiota development in layers, opportunities to harness the microbiota to aid in the management of layer gut health and productivity may be more clearly seen and realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Joat
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - Yadav S. Bajagai
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4701, Australia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4701, Australia
| | - Kapil Chousalkar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - Robert J. Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
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Obe T, Boltz T, Kogut M, Ricke SC, Brooks LA, Macklin K, Peterson A. Controlling Salmonella: strategies for feed, the farm, and the processing plant. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103086. [PMID: 37839165 PMCID: PMC10587538 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling Salmonella in poultry is an ongoing food safety measure and while significant progress has been made, there is a need to continue to evaluate different strategies that include understanding Salmonella-poultry interaction, Salmonella-microbiota interactions, Salmonella genetics and response to adverse conditions, and preharvest and postharvest parameters that enable persistence. The purpose of this symposium is to discuss different strategies to consider from feed milling to the farm to the processing environment. This Poultry Science Association symposium paper is divided into 5 different sections that covers 1) immunological aspects of Salmonella control, 2) application of Salmonella genetics for targeted control strategies in poultry production, 3) improving poultry feed hygienics: utilizing feed manufacture techniques and equipment to improve feed hygienics, 4) practical on farm interventions for controlling Salmonella-what works and what may not work, and 5) monitoring and mitigating Salmonella in poultry. These topics elucidate the critical need to establish control strategies that will improve poultry gut health and limit conditions that exposes Salmonella to stress causing alterations to virulence and pathogenicity both at preharvest and postharvest poultry production. This information is relevant to the poultry industry's continued efforts to ensure food safety poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Obe
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Timothy Boltz
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Mike Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ken Macklin
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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30
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Ayoola MB, Pillai N, Nanduri B, Rothrock MJ, Ramkumar M. Predicting foodborne pathogens and probiotics taxa within poultry-related microbiomes using a machine learning approach. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:57. [PMID: 37968727 PMCID: PMC10648331 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiomes that can serve as an indicator of gut, intestinal, and general health of humans and animals are largely influenced by food consumed and contaminant bioagents. Microbiome studies usually focus on estimating the alpha (within sample) and beta (similarity/dissimilarity among samples) diversities. This study took a combinatorial approach and applied machine learning to microbiome data to predict the presence of disease-causing pathogens and their association with known/potential probiotic taxa. Probiotics are beneficial living microorganisms capable of improving the host organism's digestive system, immune function and ultimately overall health. Here, 16 S rRNA gene high-throughput Illumina sequencing of temporal pre-harvest (feces, soil) samples of 42 pastured poultry flocks (poultry in this entire work solely refers to chickens) from southeastern U.S. farms was used to generate the relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) as machine learning input. Unique genera from the OTUs were used as predictors of the prevalence of foodborne pathogens (Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria) at different stages of poultry growth (START (2-4 weeks old), MID (5-7 weeks old), END (8-11 weeks old)), association with farm management practices and physicochemical properties. RESULT While we did not see any significant associations between known probiotics and Salmonella or Listeria, we observed significant negative correlations between known probiotics (Bacillus and Clostridium) and Campylobacter at the mid-time point of sample collection. Our data indicates a negative correlation between potential probiotics and Campylobacter at both early and end-time points of sample collection. Furthermore, our model prediction shows that changes in farm operations such as how often the houses are moved on the pasture, age at which chickens are introduced to the pasture, diet composition and presence of other animals on the farm could favorably increase the abundance and activity of probiotics that could reduce Campylobacter prevalence. CONCLUSION Integration of microbiome data with farm management practices using machine learning provided insights on how to reduce Campylobacter prevalence and transmission along the farm-to-fork continuum. Altering management practices to support proliferation of beneficial probiotics to reduce pathogen prevalence identified here could constitute a complementary method to the existing but ineffective interventions such as vaccination and bacteriophage cocktails usage. Study findings also corroborate the presence of bacterial genera such as Caloramator, DA101, Parabacteroides and Faecalibacterium as potential probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses B Ayoola
- Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Nisha Pillai
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Mahalingam Ramkumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA.
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Dieryck I, Dejonghe W, Van Hecke W, Delacourt J, Bautil A, Courtin CM, Vermeulen D, Buyse J, Paeshuyse J. Toward Renewable-Based Prebiotics from Woody Biomass: Potential of Tailored Xylo-Oligosaccharides Obtained by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Beechwood Xylan as a Prebiotic Feed Supplement for Young Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3511. [PMID: 38003129 PMCID: PMC10668712 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although antibiotic resistance emerges naturally, this process has been accelerated by the worldwide overuse and misuse of antibiotics. It is essential to find effective alternatives in the broiler industry to improve poultry health while maintaining production efficiency and product safety. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a potential alternative: wood-derived xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS). The objective of this research was to investigate the potential of XOS prepared using enzymatic hydrolysis of beechwood xylan as a prebiotic feed supplement for broilers. A pilot study was conducted to explore the optimal XOS fraction profile by in vitro fermentation. Subsequently, a semi-continuous enzyme membrane reactor was used, allowing for the production of tailored XOS in large quantities. Given the strong bidirectional relationship between intestinal health, nutrition, and intestinal microbiota composition in broilers, an in vivo experiment was performed to explore the potential of XOS as a prebiotic feed supplement by investigating growth performance, feed conversion ratio, caecal short and medium chain fatty acid (SCFA and MCFA) concentration, and microbiological composition of the caecal content. Results from the pilot study indicated that higher enzyme concentrations in the hydrolysis process yield a product that leads to a higher total SCFA and MCFA- and butyric acid production during in vitro fermentation by caecal bacteria. Supplementation of the tailored XOS to the broiler diet (day 1 (d1)-d8 0.13% wt/wt XOS, d9-d15 0.32% XOS) resulted in higher Bifidobacterium counts, beneficial to the health of birds, on d11 and d15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Dieryck
- Laboratory of Host Pathogen Interactions, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (I.D.)
| | - Winnie Dejonghe
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (W.D.); (W.V.H.)
| | - Wouter Van Hecke
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (W.D.); (W.V.H.)
| | - Joy Delacourt
- Laboratory of Host Pathogen Interactions, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (I.D.)
| | - An Bautil
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Christophe M. Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Daniel Vermeulen
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (D.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Johan Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (D.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- Laboratory of Host Pathogen Interactions, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (I.D.)
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El Sabry MI, Yalcin S. Factors influencing the development of gastrointestinal tract and nutrient transporters' function during the embryonic life of chickens-A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1419-1428. [PMID: 37409520 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal morphology and regulation of nutrient transportation genes during the embryonic and early life of chicks influence their body weight and feed conversion ratio through the growing period. The intestine development can be monitored by measuring villus morphology and enzymatic activity and determining the expression of nutrient transporters genes. With the increasing importance of gut development and health in broiler production, considerable research has been directed towards factors affecting intestine development. Thus, this article reviews (1) intestinal development during embryogenesis, and (2) maternal factors, in ovo administration, and incubation conditions that influence intestinal development during embryogenesis. Conclusively, (1) chicks from heavier eggs may have a better-developed intestine than chicks from younger ones, (2) in ovo supplementation with amino acids, minerals, vitamins or a combination of several probiotics and prebiotics stimulates intestine development and increases the expression of intestine mucosal-related genes and (3) the long storage period, improper incubation temperature and imbalanced ventilation can negatively influence intestinal morphology and nutrient transporters gene expression. Finally, understanding the intestine development during embryonic life will enable us to enhance the productivity of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I El Sabry
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Servet Yalcin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Han L, Zhang M, Li F, Su J, Wang R, Li G, Yang X. 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal mucosal injury through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota modulation activities in chickens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1285299. [PMID: 37915852 PMCID: PMC10616258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigated the effects of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) on the growth performance, intestinal barrier, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota of chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods A total of 240 one-day-old chickens were randomly assigned to five treatment groups: (1) control group (basal diet + saline); (2) LPS group (basal diet + LPS); (3) Chlortetracycline (CTC) group (basal diet containing 75 mg/kg CTC + LPS); (4) 0.1% 10-HDA group (basal diet containing 1 g/kg 10-HDA + LPS); and (5) 0.5% 10-HDA group (basal diet containing 5 g/kg 10-HDA + LPS). All chickens were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg body weight of either LPS or saline at 17, 19, and 21 days of age. Results The results showed that dietary 10-HDA supplementation attenuated the loss in growth performance caused by the LPS challenge (p < 0.05). 10-HDA effectively alleviated LPS-induced intestinal mucosal injury, as evidenced by reduced bleeding, decreased serum diamine oxidase levels (p < 0.05), and increased villus/crypt ratios of the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05). Dietary treatment with 0.1% 10-HDA reduced the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6; p < 0.05), and increased immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG) and antioxidant enzyme levels (CAT, GSH-px, T-SOD) in the serum of LPS-challenged chickens (p < 0.05). These effects were similar to those observed in the CTC group. Moreover, 0.1% 10-HDA treatment reversed the LPS-induced variations in the mRNA expression of genes related to inflammation, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal tight junctions (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA analysis revealed that 10-HDA supplementation increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Clostridia_UCG-014 (p < 0.05). Additionally, it decreased the abundance of Clostridia_vadinBB60_group, Eubacterium_nodatum_group, and UC5-1-2E3 (p < 0.05). These changes were correlated with reduced inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity in the LPS-challenged chickens. Conclusion Collectively, dietary 10-HDA supplementation alleviated LPS-induced intestinal mucosal injury and the loss of growth performance through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota modulation activities in chickens. Moreover, 0.1% 10-HDA supplementation had comparable or even better protection for LPS-challenged chickens than supplementation with antibiotics or 0.5% 10-HDA. 10-HDA has the potential to be used as an alternative to antibiotics in protecting the intestinal health and improving the performance of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianquan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Maolu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Guiming Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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Jaramillo-Jaramillo AS, Coulson TJD, Hofacre C, Jones M, O'Neill L, Nguyen N, Labbe A. Effect of in-water administration of quorum system inhibitors in broilers' productive performance and intestinal microbiome in a mild necrotic enteritis challenge. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:309-322. [PMID: 37485826 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2224260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The poultry industry has been facing the impact of necrotic enteritis (NE), a disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens producing the haemolytic toxin NetB. NE severity may vary from mild clinical to prominent enteric signs causing reduced growth rates and affecting feed conversion ratio. NetB production is controlled by the Agr-like quorum-sensing (QS) system, which coordinates virulence gene expression in response to bacterial cell density. In this study, the peptide-containing cell-free spent media (CFSM) from Enterococcus faecium was tested in NE challenged broilers in two battery cage and one floor pen studies. Results showed a significant reduction of NE mortality. Metagenomic sequencing of the jejunum microbiome revealed no impact of the CFSM on the microbial community, and growth of C. perfringens was unaffected by CFSM in vitro. The expression of QS-controlled virulence genes netB, plc and pfoA was found to be significantly repressed by CFSM during the mid-logarithmic stage of C. perfringens growth and this corresponded with a significant decrease in haemolytic activity. Purified fractions of CFSM containing bioactive peptides were found to cause reduced haemolysis. These results showed that bioactive peptides reduce NE mortality in broilers by interfering with the QS system of C. perfringens and reducing bacterial virulence. Furthermore, the microbiome of C. perfringens-challenged broilers is not affected by quorum sensing inhibitor containing CFSM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C Hofacre
- Southern Poultry Research Group, Inc., Watkinsville, GA, USA
| | - M Jones
- Southern Poultry Research Group, Inc., Watkinsville, GA, USA
| | - L O'Neill
- MicroSintesis Inc., Victoria, P.E.I. Canada
| | - N Nguyen
- MicroSintesis Inc., Victoria, P.E.I. Canada
| | - A Labbe
- MicroSintesis Inc., Victoria, P.E.I. Canada
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35
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Yang S, Yang Y, Long X, Li H, Zhang F, Wang Z. Integrated Analysis of the Effects of Cecal Microbiota and Serum Metabolome on Market Weights of Chinese Native Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3034. [PMID: 37835639 PMCID: PMC10571757 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in the physiological activities of the host and affects the formation of important economic traits in livestock farming. The effects of cecal microbiota on chicken weights were investigated using the Guizhou yellow chicken as a model. Experimental cohorts from chickens with high- (HC, n = 16) and low-market-weights (LC, n = 16) were collected. Microbial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and non-targeted serum metabolome data were integrated to explore the effect and metabolic mechanism of cecal microbiota on market weight. The genera Lachnoclostridium, Alistipes, Negativibacillus, Sellimonas, and Ruminococcus torques were enriched in the HC group, while Phascolarctobacterium was enriched in the LC group (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis determined that pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), luvangetin (2H-1-benzopyran-6-acrylic acid), and menadione (vitamin K3) were significantly higher in HC serum, while beclomethasone dipropionate (a glucocorticoid) and chlorophene (2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol) were present at higher levels in the LC group. The microbes enriched in HC were significantly positively correlated with metabolites, including pantothenic acid and menadione, and negatively correlated with beclomethasone dipropionate and chlorophene. These results indicated that specific cecal bacteria in Guizhou yellow chickens alter the host metabolism and growth performance. This study provides a reference for revealing the mechanism of cecal microbe actions that affect chicken body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
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de Souza Vilela J, Kheravii SK, Sharma Bajagai Y, Kolakshyapati M, Zimazile Sibanda T, Wu SB, Andrew NR, Ruhnke I. Inclusion of up to 20% Black Soldier Fly larvae meal in broiler chicken diet has a minor effect on caecal microbiota. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15857. [PMID: 37744229 PMCID: PMC10516104 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Black Soldier Fly larvae (BSFL) are a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds in broiler diets. Some components of the BSFL may serve as a prebiotic or may impact the intestinal microbiota of the broilers by other modes of action, which in turn can affect the health and performance of broilers. Here, we investigate the impact of up to 20% BSFL in broiler diets on the diversity and composition of the broiler's microbiota. Methods Four hundred broilers were fed five iso-nutritious experimental diets with increasing levels of BSFL meal reaching 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% in the finisher diets. Eight caecal content samples coming from each of the eight replicates per treatment were collected at two time points (day 21 and day 42) for DNA extraction and sequencing of the V3-V4 regions using Illumina MiSeq 2 × 300 bp pair-end sequencing with 341f and 805r primers. Analysis of variance and Spearman's correlation were performed, while QIIME2, DADA2, and Calypso were used for data analysis. Results When broilers were 21 days of age, the abundance of two groups of sequence variants representing Enterococcus and unclassified Christensenellaceae was significantly lower (p-value = 0.048 and p-value = 0.025, respectively) in the 20% BSFL group compared to the 0% BSFL group. There was no relevant alteration in the microbiota diversity at that stage. On day 42, the Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that the sequence variants representing the genus Coprococcus showed a negative relationship with the BSFL inclusion levels (p-value = 0.043). The sequence variants representing the genus Roseburia and Dehalobacterium demonstrated a positive relationship with the BSFL dietary inclusion (p-value = 0.0069 and p-value = 0.0034, respectively). There was a reduction in the dissimilarity index (ANOSIM) caused by the 20% BSFL dietary inclusion. Conclusion The addition of up to 20% BSFL in broiler diets did not affect the overall caeca microbiota diversity or composition at day 21. On day 42, there was a reduction in the beta diversity caused by the 20% BSFL dietary inclusion. The abundance of the bacterial group Roseburia was increased by the BSFL dietary inclusion, and it may be beneficial to broiler immunity and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica de Souza Vilela
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarbast K. Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Yadav Sharma Bajagai
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manisha Kolakshyapati
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Shu-Biao Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel R. Andrew
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Isabelle Ruhnke
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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He H, Yang M, Li W, Lu Z, Wang Y, Jin M. Fecal microbial and metabolic characteristics of swine from birth to market. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1191392. [PMID: 37789849 PMCID: PMC10543884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, the research on pig intestinal microbiota has become a hot topic in the field of animal husbandry. There are few articles describing the dynamic changes of porcine fecal microbiota and metabolites at different time points from birth to market. Methods In the present study, 381 fecal samples were collected from 633 commercial pigs at 7 time points, including the 1st day, the 10th day, the 25th day, the 45th day, the 70th day, the 120th day, and the 180th day after the birth of swine, were used for microbiome analysis by Illumina MiSeq sequencing methods while 131 fecal samples from 3 time points, the 10th day, the 25th day, and 70th day after birth, were used for metabolome analysis by LC-MS methods. Results For the microbiome analysis, the fecal microbial richness increased over time from day 1 to 180 and the β-diversity of fecal microbiota was separated significantly at different time points. Firmicutes were the main phyla from day 10 to 180, followed by Bacteroides. The abundance of Lactobacillus increased significantly on day 120 compared with the previous 4 time points. From day 120 to day 180, the main porcine fecal microbes were Lactobacillus, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Terrisporobacter and Streptococcus. Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Terrisporobacter increased over time, while Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, Lachnoclostridium decreased with the time according to the heatmap, which showed the increase or decrease in microbial abundance over time. For the metabolome analysis, the PLS-DA plot could clearly distinguish porcine fecal metabolites on day 10, 25, and 70. The most different metabolic pathways of the 3 time points were Tryptophan metabolism, Sphingolipid signaling pathway, Protein digestion and absorption. Some metabolites increased significantly over time, such as Sucrose, L-Arginine, Indole, 2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid and so on, while D-Maltose, L-2-Aminoadipic acid, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, L-Proline were opposite. The correlation between fecal metabolites and microbiota revealed that the microbes with an increasing trend were positively correlated with the metabolites affecting the tryptophan metabolic pathway from the overall trend, while the microbes with a decreasing trend were opposite. In addition, the microbes with an increasing trend were negatively correlated with the metabolites affecting the lysine pathway. Discussion In conclusion, this study elucidated the dynamic changes of porcine fecal microbiota and metabolites at different stages from birth to market, which may provide a reference for a comprehensive understanding of the intestinal health status of pigs at different growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingzhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Liu G, Kim WK. The Functional Roles of Methionine and Arginine in Intestinal and Bone Health of Poultry: Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2949. [PMID: 37760349 PMCID: PMC10525669 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the roles of methionine and arginine in promoting the well-being of poultry, with a specific focus on their impacts on intestinal and bone health. The metabolic pathways of methionine and arginine are elucidated, highlighting their distinct routes within the avian system. Beyond their fundamental importance in protein synthesis, methionine and arginine also exert their functional roles through their antioxidant capacities, immunomodulating effects, and involvement in the synthesis of metabolically important molecules such as S-adenosylmethionine, nitric oxide, and polyamines. These multifaceted actions enable methionine and arginine to influence various aspects of intestinal health such as maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, regulating immune responses, and even influencing the composition of the gut microbiota. Additionally, they could play a pivotal role in promoting bone development and regulating bone remodeling, ultimately fostering optimal bone health. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential roles of methionine and arginine in intestinal and bone health in poultry, thereby contributing to advancing the nutrition, overall health, and productivity of poultry in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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Liu S, Xiao G, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Tian J, Li W, Gong L. Effects of Dietary Bacillus subtilis HC6 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Health in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2915. [PMID: 37760314 PMCID: PMC10526030 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of Bacillus subtilis HC6 on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of broilers. A total of 180 one-day-old white feather broilers were randomly divided into two experimental groups, each comprising six replicates of fifteen chicks from 1 to 50 d of age. The groups were either fed a basal diet (CON) or the same diet supplemented with 5 × 108 cfu/kg of Bacillus subtilis HC6 (BS). Our results indicated that compared with the CON, dietary supplementation with BS increased feed efficiency during d 21-50 and d 1-50 (p < 0.05). Moreover, BS supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity in the serum and liver, and also decreased the activity of diamine oxidase and the level of endotoxins (p < 0.05). Additionally, BS treatment increased the villi height in the jejunum and ileum, increased the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in the ileum, upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunal mucosa, and downregulated the levels of IL-22 and IFN-γ on day 50 (p < 0.05). Principal coordinates analysis yielded clear clustering of two groups; dietary BS increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidales_unclassified (genus) and Olsenella (genus), and decreased the abundance of genera Alistipes on day 50, which identified a strong correlation with FCR, serum differential metabolites, or differential gene expression in the jejunal mucosa by spearman correlation analysis. The PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that supplementation with BS enriched the pathways related to xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, signaling molecules and interaction, the digestive system, and transport and catabolism. These results demonstrated that dietary BS increased feed efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the jejunal mucosa; and decreased the activity of diamine oxidase in serum, which might be attributed to the modulation of community composition and the functions of cecal microbiota in white-feathered broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Jinpeng Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Weifen Li
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Li Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
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Rios Galicia B, Sáenz JS, Yergaliyev T, Camarinha-Silva A, Seifert J. Host specific adaptations of Ligilactobacillus aviarius to poultry. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 5:100199. [PMID: 37727231 PMCID: PMC10505982 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Ligilactobacillus encompasses species adapted to vertebrate hosts and fermented food. Their genomes encode adaptations to the host lifestyle. Reports of gut microbiota from chicken and turkey gastrointestinal tract have shown a high persistence of Ligilactobacillus aviarius along the digestive system compared to other species found in the same host. However, its adaptations to poultry as a host has not yet been described. In this work, the pan-genome of Ligilactobacillus aviarius was explored to describe the functional adaptability to the gastrointestinal environment. The core genome is composed of 1179 gene clusters that are present at least in one copy that codifies to structural, ribosomal and biogenesis proteins. The rest of the identified regions were classified into three different functional clusters of orthologous groups (clusters) that codify carbohydrate metabolism, envelope biogenesis, viral defence mechanisms, and mobilome inclusions. The pan-genome of Ligilactobacillus aviarius is a closed pan-genome, frequently found in poultry and highly prevalent across chicken faecal samples. The genome of L. aviarius codifies different clusters of glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases that mediate interactions with the host cells. Accessory features, such as antiviral mechanisms and prophage inclusions, variate amongst strains from different GIT sections. This information provides hints about the interaction of this species with viral particles and other bacterial species. This work highlights functional adaptability traits present in L. aviarius that make it a dominant key member of the poultry gut microbiota and enlightens the convergent ecological relation of this species to the poultry gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Rios Galicia
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 6-10, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
- HoLMiR-Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Leonore-Blosser-Reisen Weg 3, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Johan Sebastian Sáenz
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 6-10, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
- HoLMiR-Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Leonore-Blosser-Reisen Weg 3, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Timur Yergaliyev
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 6-10, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
- HoLMiR-Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Leonore-Blosser-Reisen Weg 3, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 6-10, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
- HoLMiR-Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Leonore-Blosser-Reisen Weg 3, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 6-10, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
- HoLMiR-Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Leonore-Blosser-Reisen Weg 3, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
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Song B, He J, Pan X, Kong L, Xiao C, Keerqin C, Song Z. Dietary Macleaya cordata extract supplementation improves the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:113. [PMID: 37674220 PMCID: PMC10483844 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens. METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE. A total of 288 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation (0 or 350 mg/kg of diet) and two disease challenge statuses (control or NE). RESULTS The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate (FCR), mortality, intestinal lesion score, the levels of IL-1β, IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa, mRNA levels of TLR2, IFN-γ and pIgR in the jejunum, and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum. NE significantly decreased the body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), jejunal villus height, V/C, mRNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum, IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum. MCE significantly increased BW, BWG, jejunal villus height, V/C, mRNA levels of occludin, ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum, the levels of IgA and IgG in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and mRNA levels of NF-κB, IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum. Additionally, MCE significantly decreased the FCR, mortality, intestinal lesion score, jejunal crypt depth, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa, Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum, and mRNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum. Moreover, NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation, obesity and depression (Alistipes, Barnesiella, Intestinimonas, RF39 and UCG-005) and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (Anaerotruncus, Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides) in the cecum. MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria (Streptococcus, Ruminococcus_torques_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group) and significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation and obesity (Alistipes, Barnesiella and UCG-010) in the cecum. In the cecum of broilers with NE, the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Alistipes was higher and that of Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia was lower. Interestingly, these trends were reversed by the addition of MCE to the diet. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Barnesiella and Alistipes were associated with enhanced intestinal inflammation and inhibited growth performance, whereas Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia were associated with anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS MCE ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broiler chickens with NE, probably by regulating the intestinal barrier, immune function, and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochen Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jie He
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Ageing, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Linglian Kong
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanpi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio TechGembloux, Belgium
| | - Chake Keerqin
- Phytobiotics (Jiangsu) Biotech Co., Ltd., Jintan, 213200, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Kogut MH, Fernandez Miyakawa ME. Phenotype Alterations in the Cecal Ecosystem Involved in the Asymptomatic Intestinal Persistence of Paratyphoid Salmonella in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2824. [PMID: 37760224 PMCID: PMC10525526 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal ecosystem involves interactions between the host, gut microbiota, and external environment. To colonize the gut of poultry, Salmonella must surmount barriers levied by the intestine including mucosal innate immune responses and microbiota-mediated niche restrictions. Accordingly, comprehending Salmonella intestinal colonization in poultry requires an understanding of how the pathogen interacts with the intestinal ecosystem. In chickens, the paratyphoid Salmonella have evolved the capacity to survive the initial immune response and persist in the avian ceca for months without triggering clinical signs. The persistence of a Salmonella infection in the avian host involves both host defenses and tolerogenic defense strategies. The initial phase of the Salmonella-gut ecosystem interaction is characteristically an innate pro-inflammatory response that controls bacterial invasion. The second phase is initiated by an expansion of the T regulatory cell population in the cecum of Salmonella-infected chickens accompanied by well-defined shifts in the enteric neuro-immunometabolic pathways that changes the local phenotype from pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory environment. Thus, paratyphoid Salmonella in chickens have evolved a unique survival strategy that minimizes the inflammatory response (disease resistance) during the initial infection and then induces an immunometabolic reprogramming in the cecum that alters the host defense to disease tolerance that provides an environment conducive to drive asymptomatic carriage of the bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Mariano Enrique Fernandez Miyakawa
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
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He Z, Liu R, Wang M, Wang Q, Zheng J, Ding J, Wen J, Fahey AG, Zhao G. Combined effect of microbially derived cecal SCFA and host genetics on feed efficiency in broiler chickens. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:198. [PMID: 37653442 PMCID: PMC10472625 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving feed efficiency is the most important goal for modern animal production. The regulatory mechanisms of controlling feed efficiency traits are extremely complex and include the functions related to host genetics and gut microbiota. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as significant metabolites of microbiota, could be used to refine the combined effect of host genetics and gut microbiota. However, the association of SCFAs with the gut microbiota and host genetics for regulating feed efficiency is far from understood. RESULTS In this study, 464 broilers were housed for RFI measuring and examining the host genome sequence. And 300 broilers were examined for cecal microbial data and SCFA concentration. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) showed that four out of seven SCFAs had significant associations with genome variants. One locus (chr4: 29414391-29417189), located near or inside the genes MAML3, SETD7, and MGST2, was significantly associated with propionate and had a modest effect on feed efficiency traits and the microbiota. The genetic effect of the top SNP explained 8.43% variance of propionate. Individuals with genotype AA had significantly different propionate concentrations (0.074 vs. 0.131 μg/mg), feed efficiency (FCR: 1.658 vs. 1.685), and relative abundance of 14 taxa compared to those with the GG genotype. Christensenellaceae and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group were associated with feed efficiency, propionate concentration, the top SNP genotypes, and lipid metabolism. Individuals with a higher cecal abundance of these taxa showed better feed efficiency and lower concentrations of caecal SCFAs. CONCLUSION Our study provides strong evidence of the pathway that host genome variants affect the cecal SCFA by influencing caecal microbiota and then regulating feed efficiency. The cecal taxa Christensenellaceae and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group were identified as representative taxa contributing to the combined effect of host genetics and SCFAs on chicken feed efficiency. These findings provided strong evidence of the combined effect of host genetics and gut microbial SCFAs in regulating feed efficiency traits. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ranran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Qiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jumei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jiqiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jie Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Alan G. Fahey
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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Hu H, Zhu H, Yang H, Yao W, Zheng W. In vitro fermentation properties of magnesium hydride and related modulation effects on broiler cecal microbiome and metabolome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1175858. [PMID: 37621394 PMCID: PMC10445219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1175858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium hydride (MGH), a highly promising hydrogen-producing substance/additive for hydrogen production through its hydrolysis reaction, has the potential to enhance broiler production. However, before incorporating MGH as a hydrogen-producing additive in broiler feed, it is crucial to fully understand its impact on microbiota and metabolites. In vitro fermentation models provide a fast, reproducible, and direct assessment tool for microbiota metabolism and composition. This study aims to investigate the effects of MGH and coated-magnesium hydride (CMG) on fermentation characteristics, as well as the microbiota and metabolome in the culture of in vitro fermentation using cecal inocula from broilers. After 48 h of incubation, it was observed that the presence of MGH had a significant impact on various factors. Specifically, the content of N-NH3 decreased, while the total hydrogen gas and total SCFAs increased. Furthermore, the presence of MGH promoted the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus, Blautia, Coprobacillus, and Dysgonomonas. On the other hand, the presence of CMG led to an increase in the concentration of lactic acid, acetic acid, and valeric acid. Additionally, CMG affected the diversity of microbiota in the culture, resulting in an enrichment of the relative abundance of Firmicutes, as well as genera of Lactobacillus, Coprococcus, and Eubacterium. Conversely, the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and pathogenic bacteria Shigella decreased. Metabolome analysis revealed that MGH and CMG treatment caused significant changes in 21 co-regulated metabolites, primarily associated with lipid, amino acid, benzenoids, and organooxygen compounds. Importantly, joint correlation analysis revealed that MGH or CMG treatments had a direct impact on the microbiota, which in turn indirectly influenced metabolites in the culture. In summary, the results of this study suggested that both MGH and coated-MGH have similar yet distinct positive effects on the microbiota and metabolites of the broiler cecal in an in vitro fermentation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijiang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Gao S, Zhang Q, Liu C, Shen H, Wang J. Effects of maggot antimicrobial peptides on growth performance, immune function, and cecal flora of yellow-feathered broilers. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1156964. [PMID: 37559887 PMCID: PMC10407657 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1156964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the effects of maggot antimicrobial peptides on growth performance, blood parameters, immune organ index, and cecum microbial diversity in yellow broilers. METHODS The addition of 100-300 mg/kg maggots antimicrobial peptides to the corn-soybean meal basal diet was evaluated. Two hundred and forty one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into four groups (60 chickens in each group): basal diet group (BC group), basal diet group + 100, 200, 300 mg/kg maggots antimicrobial peptides (MDAL group, MDAM group, and MDAH group). RESULTS The result showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the BC group, MDAM group, and MDAH group was higher than that of the MDAL group (P > 0.05), the average daily gain of MDAM group and MDAH group was significantly higher than that of BC group and MDAL group (P < 0.05), but the feed-weight ratio (F/G) was significantly lower than that of BC group (P < 0.05). The total protein (TP) content in the MDAM group and MDAH group was significantly higher than that in the BC group (P < 0.05), and the albumin (ALB) content in the MDAH group was higher than that in the BC group (P > 0.05). The contents of IgA and IgG in the MDAH group were significantly higher than those in the BC group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the content of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the MDAH group was significantly lower than that in the BC group (P < 0.05). The thymus and spleen indexes of the MDAH group were significantly higher than those of the BC group (P < 0.05). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that Bacteroidota and Bacteroides were the dominant phylum and genus of cecal microorganisms at the phylum and genus levels, respectively. Cecum microorganisms are mainly involved in biological processes such as energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. DISCUSSION It was concluded that adding different doses of maggot antimicrobial peptide to the basal diet could improve yellow-feathered broilers' growth and immune performance and change the cecum flora. The appropriate dose of antimicrobial peptide addition was 300 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | | | - Caixia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hong Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jungang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Wang L, Lin Z, Ali M, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Li S, Li K, Kebzhai F, Li J. Effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Tibetan chickens on the growth performance and gut microbiota of broiler. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171074. [PMID: 37547685 PMCID: PMC10397386 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are organic supplements that have several advantages for the health of the host. Tibetan chickens are an ancient breed, which evolve unique gut microbiota due to their adaptation to the hypoxic environment of high altitude. However, knowledge of LAB isolated from Tibetan chickens is very limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus Plantarum (LP1), Weissella criteria (WT1), and Pediococcus pentosaceus (PT2) isolated from Tibetan chickens and investigate their effects on growth performance, immunoregulation and intestinal microbiome in broiler chickens. Growth performance, serum biochemical analysis, real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA sequencing were performed to study the probiotic effects of LP1, WT1, and PT2 in broiler chickens. Results showed that LP1, WT1 and PT2 were excellent inhibitors against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC25922), meanwhile, LP1, WT1, and PT2 significantly increased weekly weight gain, villus height, antioxidant ability and gut microbiota diversity indexes in broilers. In addition, LP1 and PT2 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased Desulfovibrio in comparison with T1 (control group). Additionally, oral LAB can reduce cholesterol and regulate the expression of tight junction genes in broiler chickens, suggesting that LAB can improve the integrity of the cecal barrier and immune response. In conclusion, LAB improved the growth performance, gut barrier health, intestinal flora balance and immune protection of broiler chickens. Our findings revealed the uniqueness of LAB isolated from Tibetan chickens and its potential as a probiotic additive in poultry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengrong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mahboob Ali
- Department of Health, Rural Health Center Akhtarabad, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fareeda Kebzhai
- Directorate Planning and Development, Livestock and Dairy Development Department Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Montoro-Dasi L, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Marco-Fuertes A, Vega S, Marin C. Holistic Strategies to Control Salmonella Infantis: An Emerging Challenge in the European Broiler Sector. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1765. [PMID: 37512937 PMCID: PMC10386103 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. has been globally recognized as one of the leading causes of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis resulting from the consumption of animal-derived products. Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and its monophasic variant are the main serovars responsible for human disease. However, a serovar known as S. Infantis has emerged as the fourth most prevalent serovar associated with human disease. A total of 95% of isolated S. Infantis serovars originate from broilers and their derived products. This serovar is strongly associated with an elevated antimicrobial (AMR) and multidrug resistance, a resistance to disinfectants, an increased tolerance to environmental mercury, a heightened virulence, and an enhanced ability to form biofilms and attach to host cells. Furthermore, this serovar harbors genes that confer resistance to colistin, a last-resort antibiotic in human medicine, and it has the potential to acquire additional transferable AMR against other critically important antimicrobials, posing a new and significant challenge to global public health. This review provides an overview of the current status of the S. Infantis serovar in the poultry sector, focusing on its key virulence factors, including its virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation. Additionally, novel holistic strategies for controlling S. Infantis along the entire food chain are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montoro-Dasi
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Marco-Fuertes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
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Xu W, Xu N, Zhang Q, Tang K, Zhu Y, Chen R, Zhao X, Ye W, Lu C, Liu H. Association between diet and the gut microbiome of young captive red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis). BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:80. [PMID: 37391732 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the association of diet and indoor and outdoor environments on the gut microbiome of red-crowned cranes. We investigated the microbiome profile of the 24 fecal samples collected from nine cranes from day 1 to 35. Differences in the gut microbiome composition were compared across diet and environments. RESULTS A total of 2,883 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, with 438 species-specific OTUs and 106 OTUs common to the gut microbiomes of four groups. The abundance of Dietzia and Clostridium XI increased significantly when the red-crowned cranes were initially fed live mealworms. Skermanella and Deinococcus increased after the red-crowned cranes were fed fruits and vegetables and placed outdoors. Thirty-three level II pathway categories were predicted. Our study revealed the mechanism by which the gut microbiota of red-crowned cranes responds to dietary and environmental changes, laying a foundation for future breeding, nutritional and physiological studies of this species. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome of red-crowned cranes could adapt to changes in diet and environment, but the proportion of live mealworms in captive red-crowned cranes can be appropriately reduced at the initial feeding stage, reducing the negative impact of high-protein and high-fat foods on the gut microbiome and growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qingzheng Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Keyi Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610042, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Institute of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wentao Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Changhu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Pang J, Looft T, Zhang Q, Sahin O. Deciphering the Association between Campylobacter Colonization and Microbiota Composition in the Intestine of Commercial Broilers. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1724. [PMID: 37512896 PMCID: PMC10386351 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major food safety concern and is transmitted mainly via poultry meat. We previously found that some commercial broiler farms consistently produced Campylobacter-negative flocks while others were consistently Campylobacter-positive for consecutive production cycles although the farms operated under similar management practices. We hypothesized that this difference in Campylobacter colonization might be associated with the gut microbiota composition. To address this, six commercial broiler farms were selected based on their Campylobacter status (three negative and three positive) to evaluate the microbiota differences between each farm category. For each farm on each production cycle (2-3 cycles), 40 ceca collected from five-week-old broilers were processed for microbiota analysis via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Cecal microbiota species richness, phylogenetic diversity, community structure, and composition of Campylobacter-positive farms were noticeably different from those of Campylobacter-negative farms. Rikenella, Methanocorpusculum, Barnesiella, Parasutterella, and Helicobacter were significantly more abundant among Campylobacter-positive farms. In contrast, Ruminococcaceae, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Eggerthellaceae, Lactobacillus, Monoglobus, and Blausia were more abundant in Campylobacter-negative farms. Eggerthellaceae, Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, Monoglobus, and Parabacteroides were significantly negatively correlated with Campylobacter abundance. These findings suggest that specific members of cecal microbiota may influence Campylobacter colonization in commercial broilers and may be further explored to control Campylobacter in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinji Pang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Torey Looft
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Xiao S, Mi J, Chen Y, Feng K, Mei L, Liao X, Wu Y, Wang Y. The abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in layer chicken ceca is associated with farm enviroment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177404. [PMID: 37455745 PMCID: PMC10348872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrialized layer chicken feedlots harbor complex environmental microbial communities that affect the enrichment and exchange of gut bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the contribution of different environmental sources to the gut ARGs of layer chickens is not clear. Here, layer chicken gut and environmental samples (air, water, feed, cage, feather, maternal hen feces, uropygial glands) were collected during the early 3 month period before the laying of eggs, and the source and characteristics of the gut microorganisms and ARGs were analyzed by performing 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in cecum of layer chickens gradually increased, while that of Proteobacteria decreased with age, and the number and relative abundance of ARGs decreased significantly with age. On day 5, 57% of the layer chicken cecal ARGs were from feather samples, and 30% were from cage samples. Subsequently, the contribution of cage ARGs became progressively more prominent over time. At days 30 and 57, the contribution of cage ARGs to the chick cecal ARGs reached 63.3 and 69.5%, respectively. The bacterial community composition (especially the abundances of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) was the major factor impacting the ARG profile. K. pneumoniae and E. coli were mainly transmitted from feathers to the layer chicken cecum, and the contribution rates were 32 and 3.4%, respectively. In addition, we observed the transmission of ARG-carrying bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis) from the cage to the gut, with a contribution rate of 11.5%. It is noteworthy that B. fragilis is an opportunistic pathogen that may cause diarrhea in laying hens. These results can provide reference data for the healthy breeding of layer chickens and the prevention and control of ARG pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Xiao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandui Mi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunxian Feng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Mei
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan, China
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